1
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Omidvar AR, Asghari S, Ghasempour L, Mohseni M. One Pot Synthesis and Biological Activity Studies of New Spirooxindoles. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301942. [PMID: 38393713 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This article reports one-pot synthesis of ten novel spirooxindoles using 5-methyl-2-thiohydantoin, isatin derivatives, and malononitrile in good to high yields (65-90 %). The structures of the synthesized compounds were deduced by 1H-NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and Mass spectral data. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was evaluated against two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) based on the Kirby-Bauer method. According to the obtained data, the synthesized compounds show more activity against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. Also, the antioxidant activity of these compounds was measured using the DPPH radical scavenging test method, which showed good to excellent activity (59.65-94.03 %). Among them, the chlorinated derivatives (4 f-j) exhibited more antioxidant activity (84.85-94.03 %) than the other compounds (4 a-e) (56.65-74.4 %) and even ascorbic acid as a standard antioxidant compound (82.3 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Reza Omidvar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Sakineh Asghari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Leila Ghasempour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mohseni
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
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2
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Liu Y, Shen X, Zhu P, Hu JM, Wang X, Ge S. Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of Yne-Enones with Iminooxindoles, Access to 3,2'-Pyrrolidinyl-Spirooxindole Derivatives. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38804575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a gold-catalyzed cascade reaction of yne-enones with iminooxindoles has been developed through a cascade cycloisomerization/(3 + 2) annulation process. This approach provides a straightforward and efficient route for the synthesis of functionalized 3,2'-pyrrolidinyl-spirooxindoles in high reactivity and broad substrate scope with excellent cis-selectivity. Moreover, the subsequent functionalization of furan units allows for the diverse synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives, which have demonstrated good antitumoral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Liu
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Puerh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiaojiang Shen
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Pengyan Zhu
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resource, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shulin Ge
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Puerh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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3
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Javahershenas R, Makarem A, Klika KD. Recent advances in microwave-assisted multicomponent synthesis of spiro heterocycles. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5547-5565. [PMID: 38357035 PMCID: PMC10866134 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00056k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Spiro heterocycle frameworks are a class of organic compounds that possesses unique structural features making them highly sought-after targets in drug discovery due to their diverse biological and pharmacological activities. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis has emerged as a powerful tool for assembling complex molecular architectures. The use of microwave irradiation in synthetic chemistry is a promising method for accelerating reaction rates and improving yields. This review provides insights into the current state of the art and highlights the potential of microwave-assisted multicomponent reactions in the synthesis of novel spiro heterocyclic compounds that were reported between 2017 and 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Javahershenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Ata Makarem
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Karel D Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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4
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Song JR, Li XJ, Shi J, Chi Q, Wu W, Ren H. Direct synthesis of N-functionalized indoles through isomerization of azomethine ylides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:741-744. [PMID: 38170630 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01393f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
An unexpected isomerization of azomethine ylides generated in situ from isatin with indoline-2-carboxylic acid has been disclosed, providing direct access to N-functionalized indole scaffolds. This protocol has good functional group tolerance and provides various 3-(1H-indol-1-yl)indolin-2-one derivatives in moderate to high yields simply by using alcohol as the solvent, with no additional additive being required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Rong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, P. R. China.
- The Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, P. R. China
| | - Xiong-Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, P. R. China.
- The Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, P. R. China
| | - Jun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, P. R. China.
- The Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, P. R. China
| | - Qin Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, P. R. China.
- The Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, P. R. China.
- The Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, P. R. China
| | - Hai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, P. R. China.
- The Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550014, P. R. China
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5
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Tiwari G, Khanna A, Mishra VK, Sagar R. Recent developments on microwave-assisted organic synthesis of nitrogen- and oxygen-containing preferred heterocyclic scaffolds. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32858-32892. [PMID: 37942237 PMCID: PMC10628940 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05986c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the utilization of microwave energy has experienced an extraordinary surge, leading to the introduction of innovative and revolutionary applications across various fields of chemistry such as medicinal chemistry, materials science, organic synthesis and heterocyclic chemistry. Herein, we provide a comprehensive literature review on the microwave-assisted organic synthesis of selected heterocycles. We highlight the use of microwave irradiation as an effective method for constructing a diverse range of molecules with high yield and selectivity. We also emphasize the impact of microwave irradiation on the efficient synthesis of N- and O-containing heterocycles that possess bioactive properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, and anti-tumor activities. Specific attention is given to the efficient synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines-, coumarin-, quinoline-, and isatin-based scaffolds, which have been extensively studied for their potential in drug discovery. The article provides valuable insights into the recent synthetic protocols and trends for the development of new drugs using heterocyclic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Ashish Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Vinay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
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6
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Wang T, Zong YY, Feng WZ, Wu LZ, Liu Q. Visible-Light-Mediated Generation of Acyl Radicals from Triazine Esters. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12698-12708. [PMID: 37589746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Acyl radicals are significant synthetic active species in organic synthesis. However, their generation via green and compatible methods remains challenging. Herein, we report an unprecedented visible-light-mediated approach for generating aryl acyl radicals from readily available triazine esters. This protocol with mild and redox-neutral conditions affords a diverse array of oxindoles attached to alcohol groups in a single operation. The recycling of leaving groups and a range of visible-light-mediated reactions using triazine ester as an acyl radical precursor demonstrate the synthetic potential of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wan-Zhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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7
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Wang Y, Yan L, Yan Y, Li S, Lu H, Liu J, Dong J. Dipolarophile-Controlled Regioselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition: A Switchable Divergent Access to Functionalized N-Fused Pyrrolidinyl Spirooxindoles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043771. [PMID: 36835183 PMCID: PMC9966135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
N-fused pyrrolidinyl spirooxindole belongs to a class of privileged heterocyclic scaffolds and is prevalent in natural alkaloids and synthetic pharmaceutical molecules. To realize the switchable synthesis of divergent N-fused pyrrolidinyl spirooxindoles for further biological activity evaluation via a substrate-controlled strategy, a chemically sustainable, catalysis-free, and dipolarophile-controlled three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of isatin-derived azomethine ylides with diverse dipolarophiles is described in this work. A total of 40 functionalized N-fused pyrrolidinyl spirooxindoles were synthesized in 76-95% yields with excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >99:1 dr). The scaffolds of these products can be well-controlled by employing different 1,4-enedione derivatives as dipolarophiles in EtOH at room temperature. This study provides an efficient strategy to afford a spectrum of natural-like and potentially bioactive N-fused pyrrolidinyl spirooxindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Wang
- Colleage of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
- Correspondence: or (Y.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Lijun Yan
- Colleage of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Yuxin Yan
- Colleage of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Sujin Li
- Colleage of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Hongying Lu
- Colleage of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Colleage of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Jianwei Dong
- Colleage of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
- Correspondence: or (Y.W.); (J.D.)
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8
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Baharfar R, Verdian M, Mohajer S. New protocol for diastereoselective synthesis of spirodihydropyrrole-oxindole derivatives. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Al-Majid AM, Ali M, Islam MS, Alshahrani S, Alamary AS, Yousuf S, Choudhary MI, Barakat A. Stereoselective Synthesis of the Di-Spirooxindole Analogs Based Oxindole and Cyclohexanone Moieties as Potential Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:6305. [PMID: 34684885 PMCID: PMC8541513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of di-spirooxindole analogs, engrafted with oxindole and cyclohexanone moieties, were synthesized. Initially, azomethine ylides were generated via reaction of the substituted isatins 3a-f (isatin, 3a, 6-chloroisatin, 3b, 5-fluoroisatin, 3c, 5-nitroisatin, 3d, 5-methoxyisatin, 3e, and 5-methylisatin, 3f, and (2S)-octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid 2, in situ azomethine ylides reacted with the cyclohexanone based-chalcone 1a-f to afford the target di-spirooxindole compounds 4a-n. This one-pot method provided diverse structurally complex molecules, with biologically relevant spirocycles in a good yields. All synthesized di-spirooxindole analogs, engrafted with oxindole and cyclohexanone moieties, were evaluated for their anticancer activity against four cancer cell lines, including prostate PC3, cervical HeLa, and breast (MCF-7, and MDA-MB231) cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity of these di-spirooxindole analogs was also examined against human fibroblast BJ cell lines, and they appeared to be non-cytotoxic. Compound 4b was identified as the most active member of this series against prostate cancer cell line PC3 (IC50 = 3.7 ± 1.0 µM). The cyclohexanone engrafted di-spirooxindole analogs 4a and 4l (IC50 = 7.1 ± 0.2, and 7.2 ± 0.5 µM, respectively) were active against HeLa cancer cells, whereas NO2 substituted isatin ring and meta-fluoro-substituted (2E,6E)-2,6-dibenzylidenecyclohexanone containing 4i (IC50 = 7.63 ± 0.08 µM) appeared to be a promising agent against the triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB231 cell line. To explore the plausible mechanism of anticancer activity of di-spirooxindole analogs, molecular docking studies were investigated which suggested that spirooxindole analogs potentially inhibit the activity of MDM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Mohammed Al-Majid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-M.); (M.A.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - M. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-M.); (M.A.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Mohammad Shahidul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-M.); (M.A.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-M.); (M.A.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Abdullah Saleh Alamary
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-M.); (M.A.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Sammer Yousuf
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (S.Y.); (M.I.C.)
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (S.Y.); (M.I.C.)
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-M.); (M.A.); (M.S.I.); (S.A.); (A.S.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
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10
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Basta L, Moscardini A, Fabbri F, Bellucci L, Tozzini V, Rubini S, Griesi A, Gemmi M, Heun S, Veronesi S. Covalent organic functionalization of graphene nanosheets and reduced graphene oxide via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylide. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5841-5852. [PMID: 36132665 PMCID: PMC9418116 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00335f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic functionalization of graphene is successfully performed via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylide in the liquid phase. The comparison between 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and N,N-dimethylformamide as dispersant solvents, and between sonication and homogenization as dispersion techniques, proves N,N-dimethylformamide and homogenization as the most effective choice. The functionalization of graphene nanosheets and reduced graphene oxide is confirmed using different techniques. Among them, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy allows to map the pyrrolidine ring of the azomethine ylide on the surface of functionalized graphene, while micro-Raman spectroscopy detects new features arising from the functionalization, which are described in agreement with the power spectrum obtained from ab initio molecular dynamics simulation. Moreover, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy of functionalized graphene allows the quantitative elemental analysis and the estimation of the surface coverage, showing a higher degree of functionalization for reduced graphene oxide. This more reactive behavior originates from the localization of partial charges on its surface due to the presence of oxygen defects, as shown by the simulation of the electrostatic features. Functionalization of graphene using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is shown to be a significant step towards the controlled synthesis of graphene-based complex structures and devices at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Basta
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza S. Silvestro 12 56127 Pisa Italy +39 050 509882
| | - Aldo Moscardini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza S. Silvestro 12 56127 Pisa Italy +39 050 509882
| | - Filippo Fabbri
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza S. Silvestro 12 56127 Pisa Italy +39 050 509882
| | - Luca Bellucci
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza S. Silvestro 12 56127 Pisa Italy +39 050 509882
| | - Valentina Tozzini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza S. Silvestro 12 56127 Pisa Italy +39 050 509882
| | - Silvia Rubini
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali CNR, Laboratorio TASC Area Science Park - S S 14, km 163.5 I-34012 Trieste Italy
| | - Andrea Griesi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza S. Silvestro 12 56127 Pisa Italy
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Piazza S. Silvestro 12 56127 Pisa Italy
| | - Stefan Heun
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza S. Silvestro 12 56127 Pisa Italy +39 050 509882
| | - Stefano Veronesi
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza S. Silvestro 12 56127 Pisa Italy +39 050 509882
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11
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Gulati S, John SE, Shankaraiah N. Microwave-assisted multicomponent reactions in heterocyclic chemistry and mechanistic aspects. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:819-865. [PMID: 33968258 PMCID: PMC8077743 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave-assisted (MWA) multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have successfully emerged as one of the useful tools in the synthesis of biologically relevant heterocycles. These reactions are strategically employed for the generation of a variety of heterocycles along with multiple point diversifications. Over the last few decades classical MCRs such as Ugi, Biginelli, etc. have witnessed enhanced yield and efficiency with microwave assistance. The highlights of MWA-MCRs are high yields, reduced reaction time, selectivity, atom economy and simpler purification techniques, such an approach can accelerate the drug discovery process. The present review focuses on the recent advances in MWA-MCRs and their mechanistic insights over the past decade and shed light on its advantage over the conventional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Gulati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Stephy Elza John
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
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12
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Palomba M, De Monte E, Mambrini A, Bagnoli L, Santi C, Marini F. A three-component [3 + 2]-cycloaddition/elimination cascade for the synthesis of spirooxindole-pyrrolizines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:667-676. [PMID: 33399163 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02321c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A three-component synthesis of novel spirooxindole-tetrahydropyrrolizines from secondary α-aminoacids, isatins and vinyl selenones has been disclosed. Products were formed in good yields and high diastereoselectivity by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of in situ generated azomethine ylides followed by spontaneous elimination of benzeneseleninic acid. Good regioselectivities with aryl substituted vinyl selenones were observed. The method showed good functional group tolerance, providing a direct approach to biologically relevant spirooxindoles under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Palomba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1 - 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Emanuela De Monte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1 - 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mambrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1 - 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Luana Bagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1 - 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Claudio Santi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1 - 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Francesca Marini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry), University of Perugia, Via del Liceo, 1 - 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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13
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Brandão P, Marques CS, Carreiro EP, Pineiro M, Burke AJ. Engaging Isatins in Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs) - Easy Access to Structural Diversity. CHEM REC 2021; 21:924-1037. [PMID: 33599390 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are a valuable tool in diversity-oriented synthesis. Its application to privileged structures is gaining relevance in the fields of organic and medicinal chemistry. Isatin, due to its unique reactivity, can undergo different MCRs, affording multiple interesting scaffolds, namely oxindole-derivatives (including spirooxindoles, bis-oxindoles and 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles) and even, under certain conditions, ring-opening reactions occur that leads to other heterocyclic compounds. Over the past few years, new methodologies have been described for the application of this important and easily available starting material in MCRs. In this review, we explore these novelties, displaying them according to the structure of the final products obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Brandão
- University of Coimbra, CQC and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000, Évora, Portugal
| | - Carolina S Marques
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000, Évora, Portugal
| | - Elisabete P Carreiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000, Évora, Portugal
| | - M Pineiro
- University of Coimbra, CQC and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anthony J Burke
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000, Évora, Portugal.,University of Evora, Department of Chemistry, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000, Évora, Portugal
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14
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Duffy C, Roe WE, Harkin AM, McNamee R, Knipe PC. Enantioselective organocatalytic formal [3+2]-cycloaddition of isatin-derived ketimines with benzylidenemalononitriles and benzylidineindanones. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04002b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Electron-deficient alkenes undergo organocatalysed formal [3+2]-cycloaddition with isatin-derived imines, generating complex spirocyclic products with high yield and stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Duffy
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - William E. Roe
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Aislinn M. Harkin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Ryan McNamee
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Peter C. Knipe
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
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15
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The application of isatin-based multicomponent-reactions in the quest for new bioactive and druglike molecules. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113102. [PMID: 33421712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxindole derivatives are known for their great interest in the field of Medicinal Chemistry, as they display vast biological activities. Recent efforts concerning the preparation of oxindole derivatives using isatin-based multicomponent reactions (MCRs) constitute a great advance in generating druglike libraries fast and with wide scaffold diversity. In this review, we address those recent developments, exploring the synthetic pathways and biological activities described for these compounds, namely antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. To add new depth to this work, we used a well-established web-based free tool (SwissADME) to evaluate the most promising scaffolds in what concerns their druglike properties, namely by evaluating their compliance with some of the most valuable rules applied by medicinal chemists in both academia and industrial settings (Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, Egan, Muegge). The aim of this review is to endorse isatin-based MCRs as a valuable synthetic approach to attain new hit compounds bearing the oxindole privileged structure, while critically exploring these scaffolds' druglike properties.
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16
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Debnath S, Das T, Pati TK, Majumdar S, Maiti DK. Metal-Free Indole-Phenacyl Bromide Cyclization: A Regioselective Synthesis of 3,5-Diarylcarbazoles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13272-13279. [PMID: 33006280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free, simultaneous triple C-C coupling cyclization reaction between phenacyl bromides and indoles is discovered in a highly regioselective fashion to furnish 3,5-diarylcarbazoles. DMAP is utilized as the only reagent for the unusual and rapid cyclization reaction to furnish all new carbazole compounds through installation of a great diversity of substituents. A plausible radical mechanism for the new reaction is predicted by conducting various control experiments, competitive reactions, furoindole formation, and ESI-MS analyses of the ongoing cyclization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipto Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Tuluma Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Tanmay K Pati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Swapan Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799 022, India
| | - Dilip K Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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17
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Wang Y, Lin W, Zou J, Yu W, Liu X. Preparation of Oxindoles via Visible‐Light‐Induced Amination/Cyclization of Arylacrylamides with Alkyl Amines. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Wu‐Jie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian‐Yu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xue‐Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
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18
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Zhu M, Han Y, Liu C, Ma W, Yan CG. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition for selective synthesis of functionalized spiro[indoline-3,3′-pyrrolizines]. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Zhou LM, Qu RY, Yang GF. An overview of spirooxindole as a promising scaffold for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:603-625. [PMID: 32106717 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1733526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Spirooxindole, a unique and versatile scaffold, has been widely studied in some fields such as pharmaceutical chemistry and synthetic chemistry. Especially in the application of medicine, quite a few compounds featuring spirooxindole motif have displayed excellent and broad pharmacological activities. Many identified candidate molecules have been used in clinical trials, showing promising prospects.Areas covered: This article offers an overview of different applications and developments of spirooxindoles (including the related natural products and their derivatives) in the process of drug innovation, including such as in anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antimalarial, and antiviral activities. Furthermore, the crucial structure-activity relationships, molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetic properties, and main synthetic methods of spirooxindoles-based derivatives are also reviewed.Expert opinion: Recent progress in the biological activity profiles of spirooxindole derivatives have demonstrated their significant position in present-day drug discovery. Furthermore, we believe that the multidirectional development of novel drugs containing this core scaffold will continue to be the research hotspot in medicinal chemistry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Yu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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20
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Kolle S, Barak DS, Ghosh A, Jaiswal V, Kant R, Batra S. Dehydrative Transformation of Spirooxindoles to Pyrido[2,3- b]indoles via POCl 3. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:5617-5629. [PMID: 31459716 PMCID: PMC6648575 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A two-step one-pot efficient synthesis of pyrido[2,3-b]indoles via reaction between isatin, α-amino acid, and dipolarophile has been developed. The initial 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between the reactants that is performed in the presence of either CuI or methanol results in spirooxindoles that undergo POCl3-mediated intramolecular dehydrative transformation to afford the title compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivalinga Kolle
- Medicinal
and Process Chemistry Division and Molecular and Structural Biology
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Dinesh S. Barak
- Medicinal
and Process Chemistry Division and Molecular and Structural Biology
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Aritra Ghosh
- Medicinal
and Process Chemistry Division and Molecular and Structural Biology
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Human Resource Development
Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Vandana Jaiswal
- Medicinal
and Process Chemistry Division and Molecular and Structural Biology
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Medicinal
and Process Chemistry Division and Molecular and Structural Biology
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sanjay Batra
- Medicinal
and Process Chemistry Division and Molecular and Structural Biology
Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension,
Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR- Human Resource Development
Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
- E-mail: . . Tel.: +91-522-2772450 extn 4727
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21
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Li J, Duan W, Pan X, Ye Y, Huang C. Microwave Irradiation Tandem Hydroamination and Oxidative Cyclization of Natural Amino Acids with Diethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate for Functionalized Pyrrole Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jisen Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and EnvironmentYunnan Minzu University Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Duan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and EnvironmentYunnan Minzu University Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Pan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and EnvironmentYunnan Minzu University Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Ye
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and EnvironmentYunnan Minzu University Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Chao Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and EnvironmentYunnan Minzu University Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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22
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Angyal A, Demjén A, Harmat V, Wölfling J, Puskás LG, Kanizsai I. 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Isatin-Derived Azomethine Ylides with 2H-Azirines: Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3-Diazaspiro[bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane]oxindoles. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4273-4281. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Angyal
- AVIDIN Ltd., Alsó kikötő
sor 11/D, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Demjén
- AVIDIN Ltd., Alsó kikötő
sor 11/D, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Veronika Harmat
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, and MTA-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Iván Kanizsai
- AVIDIN Ltd., Alsó kikötő
sor 11/D, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
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23
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Yavari I, Askarian-Amiri M, Taheri Z. A convenient synthesis of spiroindolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,2′-[1,3,4]oxadiazoles from tryptanthrin and nitrile imines. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-2367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Varun, Sonam, Kakkar R. Isatin and its derivatives: a survey of recent syntheses, reactions, and applications. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:351-368. [PMID: 30996856 PMCID: PMC6438150 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00585k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) and its derivatives represent an important class of heterocyclic compounds that can be used as precursors for drug synthesis. Since its discovery, a lot of research work has been done regarding the synthesis, chemical properties, and biological and industrial applications of isatin. In this review, we have reported several novel methods for the synthesis of N-, C2-, and C3-substituted and spiro derivatives of isatin. The isatin moiety also shows important chemical reactions such as oxidation, ring expansion, Friedel-Crafts reaction and aldol condensation. These reactions, in turn, produce several biologically viable compounds like 2-oxindoles, tryptanthrin, indirubins, and many more. We have also summarized some recently reported biological activities exhibited by isatin derivatives, like anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic and others. Special attention has been paid to their anti-cancer activity, and various anti-cancer targets such as histone deacetylase, carbonic anhydrase, tyrosine kinase, and tubulin have been discussed in detail. Other applications of isatin derivatives, such as in the dye industry and in corrosion prevention, have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , India .
| | - Sonam
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , India .
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Delhi , India .
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25
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Sengupta A, Maity S, Mondal A, Ghosh P, Rudra S, Mukhopadhyay C. Pseudo five component reaction towards densely functionalized spiro[indole-3,2'-pyrrole] by picric acid, an efficient syn-diastereoselective catalyst: insight into the diastereoselection on C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) axial conformation. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1254-1265. [PMID: 30656313 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02849d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A new series of highly-functionalized spiro compounds of pyrrole were synthesized by a one pot, step-economic condensation of isatin, arylamine and β-keto ester catalyzed by wet picric acid. Initially, the reaction was proposed with an expectation of the formation of a multi-spiro heterocyclic framework of highly-substituted piperidine. However, the isomeric compound was characterized to be a five-membered pyrrole derivative with a diverse scope of variations having different types of substituents in the three components respectively. The possibility of formation of various diastereomers around the hindered single bond and the spiro carbon was limited, as only syn products syn-60 and syn-60' were isolated in all the reactions performed under the standard conditions. Probably the reactions were mediated by the si-facial formation of the bonds in a picric acid stabilized charge transfer complex transition state. Also, the manner a molecule achieves the most stabilized energy minimized arrangement with all its substituents in space was studied by DFT calculations where syn-60 was more stable than syn-60'. The studies on the formation of syn-60 and syn-60' were carried out by variation of electronic and steric factors in each of the components of the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayon Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata-700009, India.
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26
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Shyamsivappan S, Vivek R, Saravanan A, Arasakumar T, Subashini G, Suresh T, Shankar R, Mohan PS. Synthesis and X-ray study of dispiro 8-nitroquinolone analogues and their cytotoxic properties against human cervical cancer HeLa cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:439-449. [PMID: 31015907 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00482j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of unique dispiro analogues containing an oxindole pyrrolidine 8-nitroquinolone hybrid has been obtained through a one-pot three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ from the condensation of isatins and benzylamine with (E)-3-arylidene-2,3-dihydro-8-nitro-4-quinolones. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by using different spectroscopic techniques and by X-ray diffraction studies of their regio- and stereochemistry. All the synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro cytotoxic activity against the human cervical cancer cell line HeLa. The compounds have exhibited potent inhibition against human cervical cancer cells and insignificant toxicity to normal cells. The compounds 6d, 6a, 6h, 6b, and 6e induced apoptosis of HeLa cells, through ROS influx. The expression levels of proteins involved in the mitochondrion-related pathways were detected, and Western blot analysis showed that apoptosis occurred via activation of caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Shyamsivappan
- School of Chemical Sciences , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore , Tamil Nadu , India . ;
| | - Raju Vivek
- Chemical Biology , Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology , Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala , India
| | - Arjunan Saravanan
- DRDO-BU CLS , Bharathiar University Campus , Coimbatore , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Thangaraj Arasakumar
- School of Chemical Sciences , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore , Tamil Nadu , India . ;
| | - Gopalan Subashini
- Department of Chemistry , P.S.G.R. Krishnammal College For Women , Coimbatore , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Thangaraj Suresh
- School of Chemical Sciences , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore , Tamil Nadu , India . ;
| | - Ramasamy Shankar
- Department of Physics , Bharathiar University , Coimbatore , Tamil Nadu , India
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27
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Mishra R, Jana A, Panday AK, Choudhury LH. Synthesis of spirooxindoles fused with pyrazolo-tetrahydropyridinone and coumarin-dihydropyridine-pyrazole tetracycles by reaction medium dependent isatin-based multicomponent reactions. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05465g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A reaction medium dependent three-component reaction of isatin, 4-hydroxycoumarin and aminopyrazole/aminoisoxazole has been reported under microwave heating conditions for the synthesis of two different types of fused spirooxindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Mishra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna-801103
- India
| | - Asim Jana
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna-801103
- India
| | - Anoop Kumar Panday
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna-801103
- India
| | - Lokman H. Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna-801103
- India
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28
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Ryu H, Seo J, Ko HM. Synthesis of Spiro[oxindole-3,2'-pyrrolidine] Derivatives from Benzynes and Azomethine Ylides through 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14102-14109. [PMID: 30376322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthetic strategy employing benzyne and azomethine ylides for the construction of spiro[oxindole-3,2'-pyrrolidine] derivatives has been achieved in good yields. The ketimines obtained from the condensation of isatins with CF3CH2NH2 react with benzyne in the presence of weak bases such as TBAF or TBAT. This mild practical 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition provides an efficient route to access biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesun Ryu
- Department of Bio-Nano Chemistry , Wonkwang University , 460 Iksandae-ro , Iksan , Jeonbuk 54538 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongseob Seo
- Department of Bio-Nano Chemistry , Wonkwang University , 460 Iksandae-ro , Iksan , Jeonbuk 54538 , Republic of Korea
| | - Haye Min Ko
- Department of Bio-Nano Chemistry , Wonkwang University , 460 Iksandae-ro , Iksan , Jeonbuk 54538 , Republic of Korea
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29
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Lim FPL, Tan LY, Tiekink ERT, Dolzhenko AV. A one-pot, multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of novel 2-alkyl substituted 4-aminoimidazo[1,2- a][1,3,5]triazines. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21495-21504. [PMID: 35539915 PMCID: PMC9080918 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03703e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly selective, one-pot, three-component synthesis of novel 2-alkyl-substituted 4-aminoimidazo[1,2-a][1,3,5]triazines has been developed. The scope of the method was explored in two dimensions, varying the structures of trialkyl orthoesters and 2-aminoimidazoles in their reactions with cyanamide. Conveniently performed under microwave irradiation, this method was also proved to be efficient under conventional heating. A library of 24 novel compounds was prepared in high purity using this multicomponent approach. Molecular and crystal structures of representative molecules were studied using X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Phei Lin Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia +60-3-5514-6364 +60-3-5514-5867
| | - Lin Yuing Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia +60-3-5514-6364 +60-3-5514-5867
| | - Edward R T Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia
| | - Anton V Dolzhenko
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia +60-3-5514-6364 +60-3-5514-5867
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University GPO Box U1987 Perth Western Australia 6845 Australia
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30
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Mali PR, Khomane NB, Sridhar B, Meshram HM, Likhar PR. Synthesis of new spiro pyrrole/pyrrolizine/thiazole derivatives via (3+2) cycloaddition reactions. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An efficient one-pot multi-component protocol has been developed for the synthesis of novel spiro-fused pyrrole/pyrrolizine/thiazole derivatives using (3+2) cycloaddition reactions; all products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields and synthesized from commercially available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash R. Mali
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Navnath B. Khomane
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - B. Sridhar
- Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - H. M. Meshram
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Pravin R. Likhar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi 110020
- India
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
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