1
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Thiebes JJ, Grumstrup EM. Quantifying noise effects in optical measures of excited state transport. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:124201. [PMID: 38516971 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved microscopy is a widely used approach for imaging and quantifying charge and energy transport in functional materials. While it is generally recognized that resolving small diffusion lengths is limited by measurement noise, the impacts of noise have not been systematically assessed or quantified. This article reports modeling efforts to elucidate the impact of noise on optical probes of transport. Excited state population distributions, modeled as Gaussians with additive white noise typical of experimental conditions, are subject to decay and diffusive evolution. Using a conventional composite least-squares fitting algorithm, the resulting diffusion constant estimates are compared with the model input parameter. The results show that heteroscedasticity (i.e., time-varying noise levels), insufficient spatial and/or temporal resolution, and small diffusion lengths relative to the magnitude of noise lead to a surprising degree of imprecision under moderate experimental parameters. Moreover, the compounding influence of low initial contrast and small diffusion length leads to systematic overestimation of diffusion coefficients. Each of these issues is quantitatively analyzed herein, and experimental approaches to mitigate them are proposed. General guidelines for experimentalists to rapidly assess measurement precision are provided, as is an open-source tool for customizable evaluation of noise effects on time-resolved microscopy transport measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Thiebes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Erik M Grumstrup
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
- Montana Materials Science Program, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
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2
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Annurakshita S, Liu M, Vivo P, Bautista G. Probing compositional engineering effects on lead-free perovskite-inspired nanocrystal thin films using correlative nonlinear optical microscopy. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2852-2859. [PMID: 38231157 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05137d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
We introduce the use of correlative third-harmonic generation and multiphoton-induced luminescence microscopy to investigate the impact of manganese (Mn) doping on bismuth (Bi)-based perovskite-inspired nanocrystal thin films. The technique was found to be extremely sensitive to the microscopic features of the perovskite film and its structural compositions, allowing the unambiguous detection of compositionally different emitters in the perovskite film and manipulation of their nonlinear optical responses. Our work unveils a new way to investigate, manipulate, and exploit perovskite-inspired functional materials for nonlinear optical conversion at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhavee Annurakshita
- Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Maning Liu
- Hybrid Solar Cells, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Paola Vivo
- Hybrid Solar Cells, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Godofredo Bautista
- Photonics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland.
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3
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Fu J, Ramesh S, Melvin Lim JW, Sum TC. Carriers, Quasi-particles, and Collective Excitations in Halide Perovskites. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37276018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites (HPs) are potential game-changing materials for a broad spectrum of optoelectronic applications ranging from photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, lasers to radiation detectors, ferroelectrics, thermoelectrics, etc. Underpinning this spectacular expansion is their fascinating photophysics involving a complex interplay of carrier, lattice, and quasi-particle interactions spanning several temporal orders that give rise to their remarkable optical and electronic properties. Herein, we critically examine and distill their dynamical behavior, collective interactions, and underlying mechanisms in conjunction with the experimental approaches. This review aims to provide a unified photophysical picture fundamental to understanding the outstanding light-harvesting and light-emitting properties of HPs. The hotbed of carrier and quasi-particle interactions uncovered in HPs underscores the critical role of ultrafast spectroscopy and fundamental photophysics studies in advancing perovskite optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Fu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Sankaran Ramesh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Melvin Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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4
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Cho C, Feldmann S, Yeom KM, Jang YW, Kahmann S, Huang JY, Yang TCJ, Khayyat MNT, Wu YR, Choi M, Noh JH, Stranks SD, Greenham NC. Efficient vertical charge transport in polycrystalline halide perovskites revealed by four-dimensional tracking of charge carriers. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:1388-1395. [PMID: 36396960 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fast diffusion of charge carriers is crucial for efficient charge collection in perovskite solar cells. While lateral transient photoluminescence microscopies have been popularly used to characterize charge diffusion in perovskites, there exists a discrepancy between low diffusion coefficients measured and near-unity charge collection efficiencies achieved in practical solar cells. Here, we reveal hidden microscopic dynamics in halide perovskites through four-dimensional (directions x, y and z and time t) tracking of charge carriers by characterizing out-of-plane diffusion of charge carriers. By combining this approach with confocal microscopy, we discover a strong local heterogeneity of vertical charge diffusivities in a three-dimensional perovskite film, arising from the difference between intragrain and intergrain diffusion. We visualize that most charge carriers are efficiently transported through the direct intragrain pathways or via indirect detours through nearby areas with fast diffusion. The observed anisotropy and heterogeneity of charge carrier diffusion in perovskites rationalize their high performance as shown in real devices. Our work also foresees that further control of polycrystal growth will enable solar cells with micrometres-thick perovskites to achieve both long optical path length and efficient charge collection simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsoon Cho
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sascha Feldmann
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Rowland Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kyung Mun Yeom
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoun-Woo Jang
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Simon Kahmann
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jun-Yu Huang
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Terry Chien-Jen Yang
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Yuh-Renn Wu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mansoo Choi
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Noh
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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5
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Ni Z, Xu S, Jiao H, Gu H, Fei C, Huang J. High grain boundary recombination velocity in polycrystalline metal halide perovskites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq8345. [PMID: 36070394 PMCID: PMC9451161 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq8345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding carrier recombination processes in metal halide perovskites is fundamentally important to further improving the efficiency of perovskite solar cells, yet the accurate recombination velocity at grain boundaries (GBs) has not been determined. Here, we report the determination of carrier recombination velocities at GBs (SGB) of polycrystalline perovskites by mapping the transient photoluminescence pattern change induced by the nonradiative recombination of carriers at GBs. Charge recombination at GBs is revealed to be even stronger than at surfaces of unpassivated films, with average SGB reaching 2200 to 3300 cm/s. Regular surface treatments do not passivate GBs because of the absence of contact at GBs. We find a surface treatment using tributyl(methyl)phosphonium dimethyl phosphate that can penetrate into GBs by partially dissolving GBs and converting it into one-dimensional perovskites. It reduces the average SGB by four times, with the lowest SGB of 410 cm/s, which is comparable to surface recombination velocities after passivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Ni
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Haoyang Jiao
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hangyu Gu
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chengbin Fei
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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6
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Polishchuk S, Puppin M, Crepaldi A, Gatti G, Dirin DN, Nazarenko O, Colonna N, Marzari N, Kovalenko MV, Grioni M, Chergui M. Nanoscale-Resolved Surface-to-Bulk Electron Transport in CsPbBr 3 Perovskite. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1067-1074. [PMID: 35044784 PMCID: PMC8832496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Describing the nanoscale charge carrier transport at surfaces and interfaces is fundamental for designing high-performance optoelectronic devices. To achieve this, we employ time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with ultraviolet pump and extreme ultraviolet probe pulses. The resulting high surface sensitivity reveals an ultrafast carrier population decay associated with surface-to-bulk transport, which was tracked with a sub-nanometer spatial resolution normal to the surface, and on a femtosecond time scale, in the case of the inorganic CsPbBr3 lead halide perovskite. The decay time exhibits a pronounced carrier density dependence, which is attributed via modeling to enhanced diffusive transport and concurrent recombination. The transport is found to approach an ordinary diffusive regime, limited by electron-hole scattering, at the highest excitation fluences. This approach constitutes an important milestone in our capability to probe hot-carrier transport at solid interfaces with sub-nanometer resolution in a theoretically and experimentally challenging, yet technologically relevant, high-carrier-density regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Polishchuk
- Laboratoire
de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Puppin
- Laboratoire
de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Crepaldi
- Institute
of Physics and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Gatti
- Institute
of Physics and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Olga Nazarenko
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Colonna
- Laboratory
for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul
Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- National
Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- National
Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Grioni
- Institute
of Physics and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire
de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Zhao S, Leng J, Wang S, Yan X, Yin Z, Yin Y, Zhang J, Jin S. Probing Longitudinal Carrier Transport in Perovskite Thin Films via Modified Transient Reflection Spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8334-8340. [PMID: 35919708 PMCID: PMC9297385 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01826h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate characterization of the longitudinal (along the thickness direction) carrier transport property is of significant importance for evaluating the quality and performance of perovskite thin films. Herein, we report the development of a modified transient reflection (TR) spectroscopy method to realize the direct observation and determination of the longitudinal carrier transport process in MAPbI3 polycrystalline thin films. Unlike the traditional TR spectroscopy, the carrier transport dynamics along the film thickness is resolved by making the pump (excitation) and probe beams spatially separated on each side of the film, so that the carrier transport from the excitation side to the probe side is directly captured. Utilizing this method, the longitudinal carrier diffusion coefficients (D) in various perovskite films with different thicknesses and grain sizes (extracted from SEM images) are determined, showing D values of ∼1.5 to 1.8 cm2 s−1 (∼0.5 to 0.8 cm2 s−1) for films with grain size larger (smaller) than the thickness. This empirical correlation between the longitudinal D and film thickness/grain size provides a reference for quick quality screening and evaluation of perovskite polycrystalline thin films. A back-excitation transient reflection spectroscopy was developed to visualize longitudinal carrier transport in perovskite films, showing that the longitudinal diffusion coefficient decreases sharply with increasing thickness-to-grain-size ratio.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Jing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Shiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University Tianjin 300354 China
| | - Xianchang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Zixi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yanfeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Shengye Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
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8
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Li Z, Bretscher H, Zhang Y, Delport G, Xiao J, Lee A, Stranks SD, Rao A. Mechanistic insight into the chemical treatments of monolayer transition metal disulfides for photoluminescence enhancement. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6044. [PMID: 34663820 PMCID: PMC8523741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in obtaining high quality monolayer transition metal disulfides for optoelectronic applications. Surface treatments using a range of chemicals have proven effective to improve the photoluminescence yield of these materials. However, the underlying mechanism for the photoluminescence enhancement is not clear, which prevents a rational design of passivation strategies. Here, a simple and effective approach to significantly enhance the photoluminescence is demonstrated by using a family of cation donors, which we show to be much more effective than commonly used p-dopants. We develop a detailed mechanistic picture for the action of these cation donors and demonstrate that one of them, bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (Li-TFSI), enhances the photoluminescence of both MoS2 and WS2 to a level double that of the currently best performing super-acid trifluoromethanesulfonimide (H-TFSI) treatment. In addition, the ionic salts used in our treatments are compatible with greener solvents and are easier to handle than super-acids, providing the possibility of performing treatments during device fabrication. This work sets up rational selection rules for ionic chemicals to passivate transition metal disulfides and increases their potential in practical optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Li
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
- Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hope Bretscher
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Géraud Delport
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Xiao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alpha Lee
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS, Cambridge, UK
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK.
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9
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Fan Y, Tonkaev P, Wang Y, Song Q, Han J, Makarov SV, Kivshar Y, Xiao S. Enhanced Multiphoton Processes in Perovskite Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7191-7197. [PMID: 34428057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton absorption and luminescence are fundamentally important nonlinear processes for utilizing efficient light-matter interaction. Resonant enhancement of nonlinear processes has been demonstrated for many nanostructures; however, it is believed that all higher-order processes are always much weaker than their corresponding linear processes. Here, we study multiphoton luminescence from structured surfaces and, combining multiple advantages of perovskites with the concept of metasurfaces, we demonstrate that the efficiency of nonlinear multiphoton processes can become comparable to the efficiency of the linear process. We reveal that the perovskite metasurface can enhance substantially two-photon stimulated emission with the threshold being comparable with that of the one-photon process. Our modeling of free-carrier dynamics and exciton recombination upon nonlinear photoexcitation uncovers that this effect can be attributed to the local field enhancement in structured media, a substantial increase of the mode overlap, and the selection rules of two-photon absorption in perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Fan
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Pavel Tonkaev
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qinghai Song
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jiecai Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | | | - Yuri Kivshar
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Shumin Xiao
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China
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10
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Zhang J, Wang K, Yao Q, Yuan Y, Ding J, Zhang W, Sun H, Shang C, Li C, Zhou T, Pang S. Carrier Diffusion and Recombination Anisotropy in the MAPbI 3 Single Crystal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:29827-29834. [PMID: 34142800 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
MAPbI3, one of the archetypical metal halide perovskites, is an exciting semiconductor for a variety of optoelectronic applications. The photoexcited charge-carrier diffusion and recombination are important metrics in optoelectronic devices. Defects in grain interiors and boundaries of MAPbI3 films cause significant nonradiative recombination energy losses. Besides defect impact, carrier diffusion and recombination anisotropy introduced by structural and electronic discrepancies related to the crystal orientation are vital topics. Here, large-sized MAPbI3 single crystals (SCs) were grown, with the (110), (112), (100), and (001) crystal planes simultaneously exposed through the adjusting ratios of PbI2 to methylammonium iodide (MAI). Such MAPbI3 SCs exhibit a weak n-type semiconductor character, and the Fermi levels of these planes were slightly different, causing a homophylic p-n junction at crystal ledges. Utilizing MAPbI3 SCs, the photoexcited carrier diffusion and recombination within the crystal planes and around the crystal ledges were investigated through time-resolved fluorescence microscope. It is revealed that both the (110) and (001) planes were facilitated to be exposed with more MAI in the growth solutions, and the photoluminescence (PL) of these planes manifesting a red-shift, longer carrier lifetime, and diffusion length compared with the (100) and (112) planes. A longer carrier diffusion length promoted photorecycling. However, excessive MAI-assisted grown MAPbI3 SCs could increase the radiative recombination. In addition, it revealed that the carrier excited within the (001) and (112) planes was inclined to diffuse toward each other and was favorable to be extracted out of the grain boundaries or crystal ledges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Qing Yao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jianxu Ding
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Haiqing Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Chenyu Shang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Changqian Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Tianliang Zhou
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuping Pang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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Baldwin A, Delport G, Leng K, Chahbazian R, Galkowski K, Loh KP, Stranks SD. Local Energy Landscape Drives Long-Range Exciton Diffusion in Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskite Semiconductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4003-4011. [PMID: 33877840 PMCID: PMC8154849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are versatile semiconductors with applications including photovoltaics and light-emitting devices, having modular optoelectronic properties realizable through composition and dimensionality tuning. Layered Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites are particularly interesting due to their unique 2D character and charge carrier dynamics. However, long-range energy transport through exciton diffusion in these materials is not understood or realized. Here, local time-resolved luminescence mapping techniques are employed to visualize exciton transport in exfoliated flakes of the BA2MAn-1PbnI3n+1 perovskite family. Two distinct transport regimes are uncovered, depending on the temperature range. Above 100 K, diffusion is mediated by thermally activated hopping processes between localized states. At lower temperatures, a nonuniform energy landscape emerges in which transport is dominated by downhill energy transfer to lower-energy states, leading to long-range transport over hundreds of nanometers. Efficient, long-range, and switchable downhill transfer offers exciting possibilities for controlled directional long-range transport in these 2D materials for new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Baldwin
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Géraud Delport
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Kai Leng
- Department
of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rosemonde Chahbazian
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Krzysztof Galkowski
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Fifth Grudziadzka St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
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12
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Contrasting Electron and Hole Transfer Dynamics from CH(NH2)2PbI3 Perovskite Quantum Dots to Charge Transport Layers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10165553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy (TAs) was utilized to first investigate the charge transfer from the emerging FAPbI3 (FA = CH(NH2)2) perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) to charge transport layers. Specifically, we compared the TAs in pure FAPbI3 PQDs, PQDs grown with both electron and hole transfer layers (ETL and HTL), and PQDs with only ETL or HTL. The TA signals induced by photoexcited electrons decay much faster in PQDs samples with the ETL (~20 ps) compared to the pure FAPbI3 PQDs (>1 ns). These results reveal that electrons can effectively transport between coupled PQDs and transfer to the ETL (TiO2) at a time scale of 20 ps, much faster than the bimolecular charge recombination inside the PQDs (>1 ns), and the electron transfer efficiency is estimated to be close to 100%. In contrast, the temporal evolution of the TA signals in the PQDs with and without HTL exhibit negligible change, and no substantive hole transfer to the HTL (poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine], PTAA) occurs within 1 ns. The much slower hole transfer implies the further potential of increasing the overall photo-carrier conversion efficiency through enhancing the hole diffusion length and fine-tuning the coupling between the HTL and PQDs.
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13
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Tiede DO, Calvo ME, Galisteo-López JF, Míguez H. Local Rearrangement of the Iodide Defect Structure Determines the Phase Segregation Effect in Mixed-Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4911-4916. [PMID: 32466647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-halide perovskites represent a particularly relevant case within the family of lead-halide perovskites. Beyond their technological relevance for a variety of optoelectronic devices, photoinduced structural changes characteristic of this type of material lead to extreme photophysical changes that are currently the subject of intense debate. Herein we show that the conspicuous photoinduced phase segregation characteristic of these materials is primarily the result of the local and metastable rearrangement of the iodide sublattice. A local photophysical study comprising spectrally resolved laser scanning confocal microscopy is employed to find a correlation between the defect density and the dynamics of photoinduced changes, which extend far from the illuminated region. We observe that iodide-rich regions evolve much faster from highly defective regions. Also, by altering the material composition, we find evidence for the interplay between the iodide-related defect distribution and the intra- and interdomain migration dynamics giving rise to the complexity of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O Tiede
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla), C/Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mauricio E Calvo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla), C/Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan F Galisteo-López
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla), C/Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Hernán Míguez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla), C/Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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