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Luo W, Zhao M, Dwidar M, Gao Y, Xiang L, Wu X, Medema MH, Xu S, Li X, Schäfer H, Chen M, Feng R, Zhu Y. Microbial assimilatory sulfate reduction-mediated H 2S: an overlooked role in Crohn's disease development. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:152. [PMID: 39152482 PMCID: PMC11328384 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND H2S imbalances in the intestinal tract trigger Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disorder characterized by microbiota dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction. However, a comprehensive understanding of H2S generation in the gut, and the contributions of both microbiota and host to systemic H2S levels in CD, remain to be elucidated. This investigation aimed to enhance comprehension regarding the sulfidogenic potential of both the human host and the gut microbiota. RESULTS Our analysis of a treatment-naive CD cohorts' fecal metagenomic and biopsy metatranscriptomic data revealed reduced expression of host endogenous H2S generation genes alongside increased abundance of microbial exogenous H2S production genes in correlation with CD. While prior studies focused on microbial H2S production via dissimilatory sulfite reductases, our metagenomic analysis suggests the assimilatory sulfate reduction (ASR) pathway is a more significant contributor in the human gut, given its high prevalence and abundance. Subsequently, we validated our hypothesis experimentally by generating ASR-deficient E. coli mutants ∆cysJ and ∆cysM through the deletion of sulfite reductase and L-cysteine synthase genes. This alteration significantly affected bacterial sulfidogenic capacity, colon epithelial cell viability, and colonic mucin sulfation, ultimately leading to colitis in murine model. Further study revealed that gut microbiota degrade sulfopolysaccharides and assimilate sulfate to produce H2S via the ASR pathway, highlighting the role of sulfopolysaccharides in colitis and cautioning against their use as food additives. CONCLUSIONS Our study significantly advances understanding of microbial sulfur metabolism in the human gut, elucidating the complex interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host sulfur metabolism. We highlight the microbial ASR pathway as an overlooked endogenous H2S producer and a potential therapeutic target for managing CD. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanrong Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Er Road, Room 1209, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen No.3 People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mohammed Dwidar
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyuan Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Er Road, Room 1209, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xueting Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Er Road, Room 1209, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Marnix H Medema
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Er Road, Room 1209, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaozhi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Er Road, Room 1209, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hendrik Schäfer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Er Road, Room 1209, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58 Zhongshan Er Road, Room 1209, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yijun Zhu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome and Chronic Diseases (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Shangguan J, Wu T, Tian L, Liu Y, Zhu L, Liu R, Zhu J, Shi L, Zhao M, Ren A. Hydrogen sulfide maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and regulates ganoderic acids biosynthesis by SQR under heat stress in Ganoderma lucidum. Redox Biol 2024; 74:103227. [PMID: 38865903 PMCID: PMC11215418 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has recently been recognized as an important gaseous transmitter with multiple physiological effects in various species. Previous studies have shown that H2S alleviated heat-induced ganoderic acids (GAs) biosynthesis, an important quality index of Ganoderma lucidum. However, a comprehensive understanding of the physiological effects and molecular mechanisms of H2S in G. lucidum remains unexplored. In this study, we found that heat treatment reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in G. lucidum. Increasing the intracellular H2S concentration through pharmacological and genetic means increased the MMP level, mtDNAcn, oxygen consumption rate level and ATP content under heat treatment, suggesting a role for H2S in mitigating heat-caused mitochondrial damage in G. lucidum. Further results indicated that H2S activates sulfide-quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) and complex III (Com III), thereby maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis under heat stress in G. lucidum. Moreover, SQR also mediated the negative regulation of H2S to GAs biosynthesis under heat stress. Furthermore, SQR might be persulfidated under heat stress in G. lucidum. Thus, our study reveals a novel physiological function and molecular mechanism of H2S signalling under heat stress in G. lucidum with broad implications for research on the environmental response of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaolei Shangguan
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tao Wu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Li Tian
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yueqian Liu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Liang Shi
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Ang Ren
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China.
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3
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Li H, Stoltzfus AT, Michel SLJ. Mining proteomes for zinc finger persulfidation. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:572-585. [PMID: 38846077 PMCID: PMC11151867 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00106g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter that signals via persulfidation. There is evidence that the cysteine residues of certain zinc finger (ZF) proteins, a common type of cysteine rich protein, are modified to persulfides by H2S. To determine how frequently ZF persulfidation occurs in cells and identify the types of ZFs that are persulfidated, persulfide specific proteomics data were evaluated. 22 datasets from 16 studies were analyzed via a meta-analysis approach. Persulfidated ZFs were identified in a range of eukaryotic species, including Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Emiliania huxley (single-celled phytoplankton). The types of ZFs identified for each species encompassed all three common ZF ligand sets (4-cysteine, 3-cysteine-1-histidine, and 2-cysteine-2-hisitidine), indicating that persulfidation of ZFs is broad. Overlap analysis between different species identified several common ZFs. GO and KEGG analysis identified pathway enrichment for ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process and viral carcinogenesis. These collective findings support ZF persulfidation as a wide-ranging PTM that impacts all classes of ZFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoju Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Andrew T Stoltzfus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Sarah L J Michel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy Baltimore MD 21201 USA
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4
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Amich J. The many roles of sulfur in the fungal-host interaction. Curr Opin Microbiol 2024; 79:102489. [PMID: 38754292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential macronutrient for life, and consequently, all living organisms must acquire it from external sources to thrive and grow. Sulfur is a constituent of a multitude of crucial molecules, such as the S-containing proteinogenic amino acids cysteine and methionine; cofactors and prosthetic groups, such as coenzyme-A and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters; and other essential organic molecules, such as glutathione or S-adenosylmethionine. Additionally, sulfur in cysteine thiols is an active redox group that plays paramount roles in protein stability, enzyme catalysis, and redox homeostasis. Furthermore, H2S is gaining more attention as a crucial signaling molecule that influences metabolism and physiological functions. Given its importance, it is not surprising that sulfur plays key roles in the host-pathogen interaction. However, in contrast to its well-recognized involvement in the plant-pathogen interaction, the specific contributions of sulfur to the human-fungal interaction are much less understood. In this short review, I highlight some of the most important known mechanisms and propose directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Amich
- Mycology Reference Laboratory (Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Micología [LRIM]), National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Xuan G, Xun L, Xia Y. MarR family proteins sense sulfane sulfur in bacteria. MLIFE 2024; 3:231-239. [PMID: 38948149 PMCID: PMC11211675 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Members of the multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) protein family are ubiquitous in bacteria and play critical roles in regulating cellular metabolism and antibiotic resistance. MarR family proteins function as repressors, and their interactions with modulators induce the expression of controlled genes. The previously characterized modulators are insufficient to explain the activities of certain MarR family proteins. However, recently, several MarR family proteins have been reported to sense sulfane sulfur, including zero-valent sulfur, persulfide (R-SSH), and polysulfide (R-SnH, n ≥ 2). Sulfane sulfur is a common cellular component in bacteria whose levels vary during bacterial growth. The changing levels of sulfane sulfur affect the expression of many MarR-controlled genes. Sulfane sulfur reacts with the cysteine thiols of MarR family proteins, causing the formation of protein thiol persulfide, disulfide bonds, and other modifications. Several MarR family proteins that respond to reactive oxygen species (ROS) also sense sulfane sulfur, as both sulfane sulfur and ROS induce the formation of disulfide bonds. This review focused on MarR family proteins that sense sulfane sulfur. However, the sensing mechanisms reviewed here may also apply to other proteins that detect sulfane sulfur, which is emerging as a modulator of gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety ControlOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
- School of Molecular BiosciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdaoChina
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6
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Kim JS, Liu L, Kant S, Orlicky DJ, Uppalapati S, Margolis A, Davenport BJ, Morrison TE, Matsuda J, McClelland M, Jones-Carson J, Vazquez-Torres A. Anaerobic respiration of host-derived methionine sulfoxide protects intracellular Salmonella from the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:411-424.e10. [PMID: 38307020 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular Salmonella experiencing oxidative stress downregulates aerobic respiration. To maintain cellular energetics during periods of oxidative stress, intracellular Salmonella must utilize terminal electron acceptors of lower energetic value than molecular oxygen. We show here that intracellular Salmonella undergoes anaerobic respiration during adaptation to the respiratory burst of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase in macrophages and in mice. Reactive oxygen species generated by phagocytes oxidize methionine, generating methionine sulfoxide. Anaerobic Salmonella uses the molybdenum cofactor-containing DmsABC enzymatic complex to reduce methionine sulfoxide. The enzymatic activity of the methionine sulfoxide reductase DmsABC helps Salmonella maintain an alkaline cytoplasm that supports the synthesis of the antioxidant hydrogen sulfide via cysteine desulfuration while providing a source of methionine and fostering redox balancing by associated dehydrogenases. Our investigations demonstrate that nontyphoidal Salmonella responding to oxidative stress exploits the anaerobic metabolism associated with dmsABC gene products, a pathway that has accrued inactivating mutations in human-adapted typhoidal serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Sim Kim
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sashi Kant
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Siva Uppalapati
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alyssa Margolis
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Bennett J Davenport
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Michael McClelland
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Jones-Carson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andres Vazquez-Torres
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Veterans Affairs, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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7
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Tikhomirova A, Rahman MM, Kidd SP, Ferrero RL, Roujeinikova A. Cysteine and resistance to oxidative stress: implications for virulence and antibiotic resistance. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:93-104. [PMID: 37479622 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including the superoxide radical anion (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the hydroxyl radical (•HO), are inherent components of bacterial metabolism in an aerobic environment. Bacteria also encounter exogenous ROS, such as those produced by the host cells during the respiratory burst. As ROS have the capacity to damage bacterial DNA, proteins, and lipids, detoxification of ROS is critical for bacterial survival. It has been recently recognised that low-molecular-weight (LMW) thiols play a central role in this process. Here, we review the emerging role of cysteine in bacterial resistance to ROS with a link to broader elements of bacterial lifestyle closely associated with cysteine-mediated oxidative stress response, including virulence and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tikhomirova
- Monash University, Department of Microbiology, Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mohammad M Rahman
- University of Kentucky, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Stephen P Kidd
- University of Adelaide, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; University of Adelaide, Research Centre for Infectious Disease (RCID) and Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology (ACARE), Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Monash University, Department of Microbiology, Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; Monash University, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Anna Roujeinikova
- Monash University, Department of Microbiology, Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Monash University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
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8
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Kasamatsu S, Owaki T, Komae S, Kinno A, Ida T, Akaike T, Ihara H. Untargeted polysulfide omics analysis of alternations in polysulfide production during the germination of broccoli sprouts. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102875. [PMID: 37699321 PMCID: PMC10500461 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher consumption of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is associated with a reduced risk of cardiometabolic diseases, neurological disorders, diabetes, and cancer. Broccoli is rich in various phytochemicals, including glucosinolates, and isothiocyanates. Moreover, it has recently reported the endogenous production of polysulfides, such as cysteine hydropersulfide (CysS2H) and glutathione hydropersulfide (GS2H), in mammals including humans, and that these bioactive substances function as potent antioxidants and important regulators of redox signaling in vivo. However, few studies have focused on the endogenous polysulfide content of broccoli and the impact of germination on the polysulfide content and composition in broccoli. In this study, we investigated the alternations in polysulfide biosynthesis in broccoli during germination by performing untargeted polysulfide omics analysis and quantitative targeted polysulfide metabolomics through liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. We also performed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging assay to determine the antioxidant properties of the polysulfides. The results revealed that the total polysulfide content of broccoli sprouts significantly increased during germination and growth; CysS2H and cysteine hydrotrisulfide were the predominant organic polysulfide metabolites. Furthermore, we determined that novel sulforaphane (SFN) derivatives conjugated with CysS2H and GS2H were endogenously produced in the broccoli sprouts, and the novel SFN conjugated with CysS2H exhibited a greater radical scavenging capacity than SFN and cysteine. These results suggest that the abundance of polysulfides in broccoli sprouts contribute to their health-promoting properties. Our findings have important biological implications for the development of novel pharmacological targets for the health-promoting effects of broccoli sprouts in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan; Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takuma Owaki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Somei Komae
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kinno
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan; Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan.
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9
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Barayeu U, Sawa T, Nishida M, Wei FY, Motohashi H, Akaike T. Supersulfide biology and translational medicine for disease control. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37872133 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the major focus of redox biology has been oxygen, the most abundant element on Earth. Molecular oxygen functions as the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, contributing to energy production in aerobic organisms. In addition, oxygen-derived reactive oxygen species including hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen free radicals, such as superoxide, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide radical, undergo a complicated sequence of electron transfer reactions with other biomolecules, which lead to their modified physiological functions and diverse biological and pathophysiological consequences (e.g. oxidative stress). What is now evident is that oxygen accounts for only a small number of redox reactions in organisms and knowledge of biological redox reactions is still quite limited. This article reviews a new aspects of redox biology which is governed by redox-active sulfur-containing molecules-supersulfides. We define the term 'supersulfides' as sulfur species with catenated sulfur atoms. Supersulfides were determined to be abundant in all organisms, but their redox biological properties have remained largely unexplored. In fact, the unique chemical properties of supersulfides permit them to be readily ionized or radicalized, thereby allowing supersulfides to actively participate in redox reactions and antioxidant responses in cells. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that supersulfides are indispensable for fundamental biological processes such as energy production, nucleic acid metabolism, protein translation and others. Moreover, manipulation of supersulfide levels was beneficial for pathogenesis of various diseases. Thus, supersulfide biology has opened a new era of disease control that includes potential applications to clinical diagnosis, prevention and therapeutics of diseases.
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Grants
- 22K19397 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H05263 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 18H05277 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H04799 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H05264 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H05265 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H02659 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JPMJER2002 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JPMJFR205Y Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 22K19395 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 22H02772 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H05269 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H05267 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H02071 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H05258 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JPMJCR2024 Japan Science and Technology Agency
- PE23749 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- JP21zf0127001 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
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Affiliation(s)
- Uladzimir Barayeu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fan-Yan Wei
- Department of Modomics Biology and Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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10
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Giedroc DP, Antelo GT, Fakhoury JN, Capdevila DA. Sensing and regulation of reactive sulfur species (RSS) in bacteria. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102358. [PMID: 37399745 PMCID: PMC10526684 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The infected host deploys generalized oxidative stress caused by small inorganic reactive molecules as antibacterial weapons. An emerging consensus is that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and forms of sulfur with sulfur-sulfur bonds termed reactive sulfur species (RSS) provide protection against oxidative stressors and antibiotics, as antioxidants. Here, we review our current understanding of RSS chemistry and its impact on bacterial physiology. We start by describing the basic chemistry of these reactive species and the experimental approaches developed to detect them in cells. We highlight the role of thiol persulfides in H2S-signaling and discuss three structural classes of ubiquitous RSS sensors that tightly regulate cellular H2S/RSS levels in bacteria, with a specific focus on the chemical specificity of these sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Giuliano T Antelo
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), C1405BWE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joseph N Fakhoury
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Daiana A Capdevila
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), C1405BWE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Pis Diez CM, Antelo GT, Dalia TN, Dalia AB, Giedroc DP, Capdevila DA. Increased intracellular persulfide levels attenuate HlyU-mediated hemolysin transcriptional activation in Vibrio cholerae. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105147. [PMID: 37567478 PMCID: PMC10509353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate host's immune system and resident commensal bacteria deploy a range of highly reactive small molecules that provide a barrier against infections by microbial pathogens. Gut pathogens, such as Vibrio cholerae, sense and respond to these stressors by modulating the expression of exotoxins that are crucial for colonization. Here, we employ mass spectrometry-based profiling, metabolomics, expression assays, and biophysical approaches to show that transcriptional activation of the hemolysin gene hlyA in V. cholerae is regulated by intracellular forms of sulfur with sulfur-sulfur bonds, termed reactive sulfur species (RSS). We first present a comprehensive sequence similarity network analysis of the arsenic repressor superfamily of transcriptional regulators, where RSS and hydrogen peroxide sensors segregate into distinct clusters of sequences. We show that HlyU, transcriptional activator of hlyA in V. cholerae, belongs to the RSS-sensing cluster and readily reacts with organic persulfides, showing no reactivity or DNA dissociation following treatment with glutathione disulfide or hydrogen peroxide. Surprisingly, in V. cholerae cell cultures, both sulfide and peroxide treatment downregulate HlyU-dependent transcriptional activation of hlyA. However, RSS metabolite profiling shows that both sulfide and peroxide treatment raise the endogenous inorganic sulfide and disulfide levels to a similar extent, accounting for this crosstalk, and confirming that V. cholerae attenuates HlyU-mediated activation of hlyA in a specific response to intracellular RSS. These findings provide new evidence that gut pathogens may harness RSS-sensing as an evolutionary adaptation that allows them to overcome the gut inflammatory response by modulating the expression of exotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian M Pis Diez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Giuliano T Antelo
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Triana N Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Ankur B Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
| | - Daiana A Capdevila
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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12
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Wang H, Bai Q, Ma G. The biological functions of protein S-sulfhydration in eukaryotes and the ever-increasing understanding of its effects on bacteria. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127366. [PMID: 36989759 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
As a critical endogenous signaling molecule, hydrogen sulfide may induce reversible post-translational modifications on cysteine residues of proteins, generating a persulfide bond known as S-sulfhydration. A systemic overview of the biofunctions of S-sulfhydration will equip us better to characterize its regulatory roles in antioxidant defense, inflammatory response, and cell fate, as well as its pathological mechanisms related to cardiovascular, neurological, and multiple organ diseases, etc. Nevertheless, the understanding of S-sulfhydration is mostly built on mammalian cells and animal models. We subsequently summarized the mediation effects of this specific post-transcriptional modification on physiological processes and virulence in bacteria. The high-sensitivity and high-throughput detection technologies are required for studying the signal transduction mechanism of H2S and protein S-sulfhydration modification. Herein, we reviewed the establishment and development of different approaches to assess S-sulfhydration, including the biotin-switch method, modified biotin-switch method, alkylation-based cysteine-labelled assay, and Tag-switch method. Finally, we discussed the limitations of the impacts of S-sulfhydration in pathogens-host interactions and envisaged the challenges to design drugs and antibiotics targeting the S-sulfhydrated proteins in the host or pathogens.
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13
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Pis Diez CM, Antelo GT, Dalia TN, Dalia AB, Giedroc DP, Capdevila DA. Increased intracellular persulfide levels attenuate HlyU-mediated hemolysin transcriptional activation in Vibrio cholerae. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.13.532278. [PMID: 36993174 PMCID: PMC10054925 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.13.532278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate host’s immune system and resident commensal bacteria deploy a range of highly reactive small molecules that provide a barrier against infections by microbial pathogens. Gut pathogens, such as Vibrio cholerae , sense and respond to these stressors by modulating the expression of exotoxins that are crucial for colonization. Here, we employ mass-spectrometry-based profiling, metabolomics, expression assays and biophysical approaches to show that transcriptional activation of the hemolysin gene hlyA in V. cholerae is regulated by intracellular reactive sulfur species (RSS), specifically sulfane sulfur. We first present a comprehensive sequence similarity network analysis of the arsenic repressor (ArsR) superfamily of transcriptional regulators where RSS and reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensors segregate into distinct clusters. We show that HlyU, transcriptional activator of hlyA in V. cholerae , belongs to the RSS-sensing cluster and readily reacts with organic persulfides, showing no reactivity and remaining DNA-bound following treatment with various ROS in vitro, including H 2 O 2 . Surprisingly, in V. cholerae cell cultures, both sulfide and peroxide treatment downregulate HlyU-dependent transcriptional activation of hlyA . However, RSS metabolite profiling shows that both sulfide and peroxide treatment raise the endogenous inorganic sulfide and disulfide levels to a similar extent, accounting for this crosstalk, and confirming that V. cholerae attenuates HlyU-mediated activation of hlyA in a specific response to intracellular RSS. These findings provide new evidence that gut pathogens may harness RSS-sensing as an evolutionary adaptation that allows them to overcome the gut inflammatory response by modulating the expression of exotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian M. Pis Diez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), C1405BWE Ciudad Autónoma de, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Giuliano T. Antelo
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), C1405BWE Ciudad Autónoma de, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Triana N. Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Ankur B. Dalia
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - David P. Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Daiana A. Capdevila
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), C1405BWE Ciudad Autónoma de, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Shimizu T, Hashimoto M, Masuda T. Thioredoxin-2 Regulates SqrR-Mediated Polysulfide-Responsive Transcription via Reduction of a Polysulfide Link in SqrR. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030699. [PMID: 36978947 PMCID: PMC10044876 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysulfide plays an essential role in controlling various physiological activities in almost all organisms. We recently investigated the impact of polysulfide metabolic enzymes on the temporal dynamics of cellular polysulfide speciation and transcriptional regulation by the polysulfide-responsive transcription factor SqrR in Rhodobacter capsulatus. However, how the polysulfidation of thiol groups in SqrR is reduced remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the reduction of polysulfidated thiol residues by the thioredoxin system. TrxC interacted with SqrR in vitro and reduced the polysulfide crosslink between two cysteine residues in SqrR. Furthermore, we found that exogenous sulfide-induced SqrR de-repression during longer culture times is maintained upon disruption of the trxC gene. These results establish a novel signaling pathway in SqrR-mediated polysulfide-induced transcription, by which thioredoxin-2 restores SqrR to a transcriptionally repressed state via the reduction of polysulfidated thiol residues.
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15
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Wen D, Guo Q, Zhao W, Yang Y, Yang C, Yu J, Hu Y. Effect and mechanism of NaHS on tobacco bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2462. [PMID: 36774417 PMCID: PMC9922318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery as a third unique gaseous signal molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been extensively employed to resist stress and control pathogens. Nevertheless, whether H2S can prevent tobacco bacterial wilt is unknown yet. We evaluated the impacts of the H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) on the antibacterial activity, morphology, biofilm, and transcriptome of R. solanacearum to understand the effect and mechanism of NaHS on tobacco bacterial wilt. In vitro, NaHS significantly inhibited the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum and obviously altered its cell morphology. Additionally, NaHS significantly inhibited the biofilm formation and swarming motility of R. solanacearum, and reduced the population of R. solanacearum invading tobacco roots. In field experiments, the application of NaHS dramatically decreased the disease incidence and index of tobacco bacterial wilt, with a control efficiency of up to 89.49%. The application of NaHS also influenced the diversity and structure of the soil microbial community. Furthermore, NaHS markedly increased the relative abundances of beneficial microorganisms, which helps prevent tobacco bacterial wilt. These findings highlight NaHS's potential and efficacy as a powerful antibacterial agent for preventing tobacco bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Qingqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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16
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Tang C, Li J, Shen Y, Liu M, Liu H, Liu H, Xun L, Xia Y. A sulfide-sensor and a sulfane sulfur-sensor collectively regulate sulfur-oxidation for feather degradation by Bacillus licheniformis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:167. [PMID: 36765168 PMCID: PMC9918477 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04538-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis MW3 degrades bird feathers. Feather keratin is rich in cysteine, which is metabolized to produce hazardous sulfide and sulfane sulfur. A challenge to B. licheniformis MW3 growing on feathers is to detoxify them. Here we identified a gene cluster in B. licheniformis MW3 to deal with these toxicity. The cluster contains 11 genes: the first gene yrkD encodes a repressor, the 8th and 9th genes nreB and nreC encode a two-component regulatory system, and the 10th and 11th genes encode sulfide: quinone reductase (SQR) and persulfide oxygenase (PDO). SQR and PDO collectively oxidize sulfide and sulfane sulfur to sulfite. YrkD sensed sulfane sulfur to derepress the 11 genes. The NreBC system sensed sulfide and further amplified the transcription of sqr and pdo. The two regulatory systems synergistically controlled the expression of the gene cluster, which was required for the bacterium to grow on feather. The findings highlight the necessity of removing sulfide and sulfane sulfur during feather degradation and may help with bioremediation of feather waste and sulfide pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 People’s Republic of China ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Present Address: Institut für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie of Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuemeng Shen
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Menghui Liu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Honglei Liu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China. .,School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7520, USA.
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Lu T, Wang Q, Cao Q, Xia Y, Xun L, Liu H. The Pleiotropic Regulator AdpA Regulates the Removal of Excessive Sulfane Sulfur in Streptomyces coelicolor. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020312. [PMID: 36829871 PMCID: PMC9952706 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive sulfane sulfur (RSS), including persulfide, polysulfide, and elemental sulfur (S8), has important physiological functions, such as resisting antibiotics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and regulating secondary metabolites production in Streptomyces spp. However, at excessive levels it is toxic. Streptomyces cells may use known enzymes to remove extra sulfane sulfur, and an unknown regulator is involved in the regulation of these enzymes. AdpA is a multi-functional transcriptional regulator universally present in Streptomyces spp. Herein, we report that AdpA was essential for Streptomyces coelicolor survival when facing external RSS stress. AdpA deletion also resulted in intracellular RSS accumulation. Thioredoxins and thioredoxin reductases were responsible for anti-RSS stress via reducing RSS to gaseous hydrogen sulfide (H2S). AdpA directly activated the expression of these enzymes at the presence of excess RSS. Since AdpA and thioredoxin systems are widely present in Streptomyces, this finding unveiled a new mechanism of anti-RSS stress by these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qingda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 991647520, USA
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (H.L.)
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (H.L.)
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18
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Han S, Li Y, Gao H. Generation and Physiology of Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Sulfur Species in Bacteria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122487. [PMID: 36552695 PMCID: PMC9774590 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur is not only one of the most abundant elements on the Earth, but it is also essential to all living organisms. As life likely began and evolved in a hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-rich environment, sulfur metabolism represents an early form of energy generation via various reactions in prokaryotes and has driven the sulfur biogeochemical cycle since. It has long been known that H2S is toxic to cells at high concentrations, but now this gaseous molecule, at the physiological level, is recognized as a signaling molecule and a regulator of critical biological processes. Recently, many metabolites of H2S, collectively called reactive sulfur species (RSS), have been gradually appreciated as having similar or divergent regulatory roles compared with H2S in living organisms, especially mammals. In prokaryotes, even in bacteria, investigations into generation and physiology of RSS remain preliminary and an understanding of the relevant biological processes is still in its infancy. Despite this, recent and exciting advances in the fields are many. Here, we discuss abiotic and biotic generation of H2S/RSS, sulfur-transforming enzymes and their functioning mechanisms, and their physiological roles as well as the sensing and regulation of H2S/RSS.
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19
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Self-Produced Hydrogen Sulfide Improves Ethanol Fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Other Yeast Species. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas produced endogenously in organisms from the three domains of life. In mammals, it is involved in diverse physiological processes, including the regulation of blood pressure and its effects on memory. In contrast, in unicellular organisms, the physiological role of H2S has not been studied in detail. In yeast, for example, in the winemaking industry, H2S is an undesirable byproduct because of its rotten egg smell; however, its biological relevance during fermentation is not well understood. The effect of H2S in cells is linked to a posttranslational modification in cysteine residues known as S-persulfidation. In this paper, we evaluated S-persulfidation in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome. We screened S-persulfidated proteins from cells growing in fermentable carbon sources, and we identified several glycolytic enzymes as S-persulfidation targets. Pyruvate kinase, catalyzing the last irreversible step of glycolysis, increased its activity in the presence of a H2S donor. Yeast cells treated with H2S increased ethanol production; moreover, mutant cells that endogenously accumulated H2S produced more ethanol and ATP during the exponential growth phase. This mechanism of the regulation of metabolism seems to be evolutionarily conserved in other yeast species, because H2S induces ethanol production in the pre-Whole-Genome Duplication species Kluyveromyces marxianus and Meyerozyma guilliermondii. Our results suggest a new role of H2S in the regulation of the metabolism during fermentation.
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20
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Xu H, Xuan G, Liu H, Liu H, Xia Y, Xun L. Sulfane Sulfur Is an Intrinsic Signal for the Organic Peroxide Sensor OhrR of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091667. [PMID: 36139741 PMCID: PMC9495516 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfane sulfur, including organic persulfide and polysulfide, is a normal cellular component, and its level varies during growth. It is emerging as a signaling molecule in bacteria, regulating the gene regulator MarR in Escherichia coli, MexR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and MgrA of Staphylococcus aureus. They are MarR-family regulators and are often repressors for multiple antibiotic resistance genes. Here, we report that another MarR-type regulator OhrR that represses the expression of itself and a thiol peroxidase gene ohr in P. aeruginosa PAO1 also responded to sulfane sulfur. PaOhrR formed disulfide bonds between three Cys residues within a dimer after polysulfide treatment. The modification reduced its affinity to its cognate DNA binding site. An Escherichia coli reporter system, in which mKate was under the repression of OhrR, showed that PaOhrR derepressed its controlled gene when polysulfide was added, whereas the mutant PaOhrR with two Cys residues changed to Ser residues did not respond to polysulfide. The expression of the PaOhrR-repressed mKate was significantly increased when the cells enter the late log phase when cellular sulfane sulfur reached a maximum, but the mKate expression under the control of the PaOhrR-C9SC19S double mutant was not increased. Furthermore, the expression levels of ohrR and ohr in P. aeruginosa PAO1 were significantly increased when cellular sulfane sulfur was high. Thus, PaOhrR senses both exogenous and intrinsic sulfane sulfur to derepress its controlled genes. The finding also suggests that sulfane sulfur may be a common inducer of the MarR-type regulators, which may confer the bacteria to resist certain stresses without being exposed to the stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Guanhua Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Honglei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (L.X.); Tel.: +86-532-58631572 (Y.X.); +1-509-335-2787 (L.X.)
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7520, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (L.X.); Tel.: +86-532-58631572 (Y.X.); +1-509-335-2787 (L.X.)
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21
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Walsh BJC, Costa SS, Edmonds KA, Trinidad JC, Issoglio FM, Brito JA, Giedroc DP. Metabolic and Structural Insights into Hydrogen Sulfide Mis-Regulation in Enterococcus faecalis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1607. [PMID: 36009332 PMCID: PMC9405070 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is implicated as a cytoprotective agent that bacteria employ in response to host-induced stressors, such as oxidative stress and antibiotics. The physiological benefits often attributed to H2S, however, are likely a result of downstream, more oxidized forms of sulfur, collectively termed reactive sulfur species (RSS) and including the organic persulfide (RSSH). Here, we investigated the metabolic response of the commensal gut microorganism Enterococcus faecalis to exogenous Na2S as a proxy for H2S/RSS toxicity. We found that exogenous sulfide increases protein abundance for enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA). Proteome S-sulfuration (persulfidation), a posttranslational modification implicated in H2S signal transduction, is also widespread in this organism and is significantly elevated by exogenous sulfide in CstR, the RSS sensor, coenzyme A persulfide (CoASSH) reductase (CoAPR) and enzymes associated with de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and acetyl-CoA synthesis. Exogenous sulfide significantly impacts the speciation of fatty acids as well as cellular concentrations of acetyl-CoA, suggesting that protein persulfidation may impact flux through these pathways. Indeed, CoASSH is an inhibitor of E. faecalis phosphotransacetylase (Pta), suggesting that an important metabolic consequence of increased levels of H2S/RSS may be over-persulfidation of this key metabolite, which, in turn, inhibits CoA and acyl-CoA-utilizing enzymes. Our 2.05 Å crystallographic structure of CoA-bound CoAPR provides new structural insights into CoASSH clearance in E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna J. C. Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Sofia Soares Costa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | - Federico M. Issoglio
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN)-CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - José A. Brito
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - David P. Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7003, USA
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22
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Stephens AC, Richardson AR. Recent developments in our understanding of the physiology and nitric oxide-resistance of Staphylococcus aureus. Adv Microb Physiol 2022; 81:111-135. [PMID: 36167441 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen causing a wide range of disease presentations. It harbors a vast array of virulence factors and drug-resistance determinants. All of these factors are coordinately regulated by a hand full of key transcriptional regulators. The regulation and expression of these factors are tightly intertwined with the metabolic state of the cell. Furthermore, alterations in central metabolism are also key to the ability of S. aureus to resist clearance by the host innate immune response, including nitric oxide (NO·) production. Given the fact that central metabolism directly influences virulence, drug resistance and immune tolerance in S. aureus, a better understanding of the metabolic capabilities of this pathogen is critical. This work highlights some of the major findings within the last five years surrounding S. aureus central metabolism, both organic and inorganic. These are also put in the context of the unique NO·-resistance associated with this pathogen as well as their contributions to virulence. The more we understand the intersection between central metabolism and virulence capabilities in S. aureus, the better the chances of developing novel therapeutics so desperately needed to treat this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia C Stephens
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anthony R Richardson
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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Optimization of a Method for Detecting Intracellular Sulfane Sulfur Levels and Evaluation of Reagents That Affect the Levels in Escherichia coli. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071292. [PMID: 35883783 PMCID: PMC9311597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfane sulfur is a class of compounds containing zero-valent sulfur. Most sulfane sulfur compounds are reactive and play important signaling roles. Key enzymes involved in the production and metabolism of sulfane sulfur have been characterized; however, little is known about how to change intracellular sulfane sulfur (iSS) levels. To accurately measure iSS, we optimized a previously reported method, in which reactive iSS reacts with sulfite to produce thiosulfate, a stable sulfane sulfur compound, before detection. With the improved method, several factors were tested to influence iSS in Escherichia coli. Temperature, pH, and osmotic pressure showed little effect. At commonly used concentrations, most tested oxidants, including hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, hypochlorous acid, and diamide, did not affect iSS, but carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone increased iSS. For reductants, 10 mM dithiothreitol significantly decreased iSS, but tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine did not. Among different sulfur-bearing compounds, NaHS, cysteine, S2O32− and diallyl disulfide increased iSS, of which only S2O32− did not inhibit E. coli growth at 10 mM or less. Thus, with the improved method, we have identified reagents that may be used to change iSS in E. coli and other organisms, providing tools to further study the physiological functions of iSS.
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Sulfane Sulfur Posttranslationally Modifies the Global Regulator AdpA to Influence Actinorhodin Production and Morphological Differentiation of Streptomyces coelicolor. mBio 2022; 13:e0386221. [PMID: 35467418 PMCID: PMC9239190 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03862-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor AdpA is a key regulator controlling both secondary metabolism and morphological differentiation in Streptomyces. Due to its critical functions, its expression undergoes multilevel regulations at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and translational levels, yet no posttranslational regulation has been reported. Sulfane sulfur, such as hydro polysulfide (HSnH, n ≥ 2) and organic polysulfide (RSnH, n ≥ 2), is common inside microorganisms, but its physiological functions are largely unclear. Here, we discovered that sulfane sulfur posttranslationally modifies AdpA in Streptomyces coelicolor via specifically reacting with Cys62 of AdpA to form a persulfide (Cys62-SSH). This modification decreases the affinity of AdpA to its self-promoter PadpA, allowing increased expression of adpA, further promoting the expression of its target genes actII-4 and wblA. ActII-4 activates actinorhodin biosynthesis, and WblA regulates morphological development. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that AdpA-Cys62 is highly conserved in Streptomyces, suggesting the prevalence of such modification in this genus. Thus, our study unveils a new type of regulation on the AdpA activity and sheds a light on how sulfane sulfur stimulates the production of antibiotics in Streptomyces.
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Cotton and Flax Textiles Leachables Impact Differently Cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Formation and Cytotoxicity. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040535. [PMID: 35455029 PMCID: PMC9032481 DOI: 10.3390/life12040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria can bind on clothes, but the impacts of textiles leachables on cutaneous bacteria remain unknown. Here, we studied for the first time the effects of cotton and flax obtained through classical and soft ecological agriculture on the representatives S. aureus and S. epidermidis bacteria of the cutaneous microbiota. Crude flax showed an inhibitory potential on S. epidermidis bacterial lawns whereas cotton had no effect. Textile fiber leachables were produced in bacterial culture media, and these extracts were tested on S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Bacterial growth was not impacted, but investigation by the crystal violet technique and confocal microscopy showed that all extracts affected biofilm formation by the two staphylococci species. An influence of cotton and flax culture conditions was clearly observed. Flax extracts had strong inhibitory impacts and induced the formation of mushroom-like defense structures by S. aureus. Conversely, production of biosurfactant by bacteria and their surface properties were not modified. Resistance to antibiotics also remained unchanged. All textile extracts, and particularly soft organic flax, showed strong inhibitory effects on S. aureus and S. epidermidis cytotoxicity on HaCaT keratinocytes. Analysis of flax leachables showed the presence of benzyl alcohol that could partly explain the effects of flax extracts.
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Sawa T, Takata T, Matsunaga T, Ihara H, Motohashi H, Akaike T. Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species: Hydrolysis-Driven Equilibrium of Polysulfides as a Determinant of Physiological Functions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:327-336. [PMID: 34409860 PMCID: PMC8865625 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Polysulfide species (i.e., R-Sn-R', n > 2; and R-Sn-H, n > 1) exist in many organisms. The highly nucleophilic nature of hydropersulfides and hydropolysulfides contributes to the potent antioxidant activities of polysulfide species that protect organisms against oxidative and electrophilic stresses. Recent Advances: Accumulating evidence suggests that organic polysulfides (R-Sn-R') readily undergo alkaline hydrolysis, which results in formation of both nucleophilic hydrosulfide/polysulfide (R-Sn-1H) and electrophilic sulfenic acid (R'SOH) species. Polysulfides maintain a steady-state equilibrium that is driven by hydrolysis even in aqueous physiological milieus. This unique property makes polysulfide chemistry and biology more complex than previously believed. Critical Issues: The hydrolysis equilibrium of polysulfides shifts to the right when electrophiles are present. Strong electrophilic alkylating agents (e.g., monobromobimane) greatly enhance polysulfide hydrolysis, which leads to increased polysulfide degradation and artifactual formation of bis-S-bimane adducts in the absence of free hydrogen sulfide. The finding that hydroxyl group-containing substances such as tyrosine efficiently protected polysulfides from hydrolysis led to development of the new alkylating agent, N-iodoacetyl l-tyrosine methyl ester (TME-IAM). TME-IAM efficiently and specifically traps and stabilizes hydropolysulfides and protects polysulfide chains from hydrolysis, and, when used with mass spectrometry, TME-IAM allows speciation of the reactive sulfur metabolome. In addition, the polyethylene glycol-conjugated maleimide-labeling gel shift assay, which relies on unique hydrolysis equilibrium of polysulfides, will be a reliable technique for proteomics of polysulfide-containing proteins. Future Directions: Using precise methodologies to achieve a better understanding of the occurrence and metabolism of polysulfide species is necessary to gain insights into the undefined biology of polysulfide species. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 327-336.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsunaga
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Sulfane Sulfur Is a Strong Inducer of the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Regulator MarR in Escherichia coli. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111778. [PMID: 34829649 PMCID: PMC8614764 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfane sulfur, including persulfide and polysulfide, is produced from the metabolism of sulfur-containing organic compounds or from sulfide oxidation. It is a normal cellular component, participating in signaling. In bacteria, it modifies gene regulators to activate the expression of genes involved in sulfur metabolism. However, to determine whether sulfane sulfur is a common signal in bacteria, additional evidence is required. The ubiquitous multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) family of regulators controls the expression of numerous genes, but the intrinsic inducers are often elusive. Recently, two MarR family members, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MexR and Staphylococcus aureus MgrA, have been reported to sense sulfane sulfur. Here, we report that Escherichia coli MarR, the prototypical member of the family, also senses sulfane sulfur to form one or two disulfide or trisulfide bonds between two dimers. Although the tetramer with two disulfide bonds does not bind to its target DNA, our results suggest that the tetramer with one disulfide bond does bind to its target DNA, with reduced affinity. An MarR-repressed mKate reporter is strongly induced by polysulfide in E. coli. Further investigation is needed to determine whether sulfane sulfur is a common signal of the family members, but three members sense cellular sulfane sulfur to turn on antibiotic resistance genes. The findings offer additional support for a general signaling role of sulfane sulfur in bacteria.
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28
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Ma Y, Yang X, Wang H, Qin Z, Yi C, Shi C, Luo M, Chen G, Yan J, Liu X, Liu Z. CBS-derived H2S facilitates host colonization of Vibrio cholerae by promoting the iron-dependent catalase activity of KatB. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009763. [PMID: 34283874 PMCID: PMC8324212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing and resisting oxidative stress is critical for Vibrio cholerae to survive in either the aquatic environment or the gastrointestinal tract. Previous studies mainly focused on the mechanisms of oxidative stress response regulation that rely on enzymatic antioxidant systems, while functions of non-enzymatic antioxidants are rarely discussed in V. cholerae. For the first time, we investigated the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the simplest thiol compound, in protecting V. cholerae against oxidative stress. We found that degradation of L-cysteine by putative cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is the major source of endogenous H2S in V. cholerae. Our results indicate that intracellular H2S level has a positive correlation with cbs expression, while the enhanced H2S production can render V. cholerae cells less susceptible to H2O2 in vitro. Using proteome analysis and real-time qPCR assay, we found that cbs expression could stimulate the expression of several enzymatic antioxidants, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxifying enzymes SodB, KatG and AhpC, the DNA protective protein DPS and the protein redox regulator Trx1. Assays of ROS detoxification capacities revealed that CBS-derived H2S could promote catalase activity at the post-translational level, especially for KatB, which serves as an important way that endogenous H2S participates in H2O2 detoxification. The enhancement of catalase activity by H2S is achieved through facilitating the uptake of iron. Adult mice experiments showed that cbs mutant has colonization defect, while either complementation of cbs or exogenous supplement of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine restores its fitness in the host environment. Herein, we proposed that V. cholerae regulates CBS-dependent H2S production for better survival and proliferation under ROS stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ma
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongou Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zixin Qin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunrong Yi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changping Shi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guozhong Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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29
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Sueiro-Olivares M, Scott J, Gago S, Petrovic D, Kouroussis E, Zivanovic J, Yu Y, Strobel M, Cunha C, Thomson D, Fortune-Grant R, Thusek S, Bowyer P, Beilhack A, Carvalho A, Bignell E, Filipovic MR, Amich J. Fungal and host protein persulfidation are functionally correlated and modulate both virulence and antifungal response. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001247. [PMID: 34061822 PMCID: PMC8168846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a human fungal pathogen that can cause devastating pulmonary infections, termed "aspergilloses," in individuals suffering immune imbalances or underlying lung conditions. As rapid adaptation to stress is crucial for the outcome of the host-pathogen interplay, here we investigated the role of the versatile posttranslational modification (PTM) persulfidation for both fungal virulence and antifungal host defense. We show that an A. fumigatus mutant with low persulfidation levels is more susceptible to host-mediated killing and displays reduced virulence in murine models of infection. Additionally, we found that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human gene encoding cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) causes a reduction in cellular persulfidation and correlates with a predisposition of hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), as correct levels of persulfidation are required for optimal antifungal activity of recipients' lung resident host cells. Importantly, the levels of host persulfidation determine the levels of fungal persulfidation, ultimately reflecting a host-pathogen functional correlation and highlighting a potential new therapeutic target for the treatment of aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sueiro-Olivares
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group (MFIG), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Scott
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group (MFIG), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Gago
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group (MFIG), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dunja Petrovic
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biochimie et Genetique Cellulaires (IBGC), Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Genetique Cellulaires (IBGC), Bordeaux, France
| | - Emilia Kouroussis
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biochimie et Genetique Cellulaires (IBGC), Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Genetique Cellulaires (IBGC), Bordeaux, France
| | - Jasmina Zivanovic
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biochimie et Genetique Cellulaires (IBGC), Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Genetique Cellulaires (IBGC), Bordeaux, France
| | - Yidong Yu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Laboratory for Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Strobel
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Laboratory for Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)/Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics (3B’s)—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Darren Thomson
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group (MFIG), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Fortune-Grant
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group (MFIG), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sina Thusek
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Laboratory for Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul Bowyer
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group (MFIG), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Laboratory for Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)/Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics (3B’s)—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Elaine Bignell
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group (MFIG), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jorge Amich
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group (MFIG), School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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30
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Ku JWK, Gan YH. New roles for glutathione: Modulators of bacterial virulence and pathogenesis. Redox Biol 2021; 44:102012. [PMID: 34090244 PMCID: PMC8182430 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight (LMW) thiols contain reducing sulfhydryl groups that are important for maintaining antioxidant defense in the cell. Aside from the traditional roles of LMW thiols as redox regulators in bacteria, glutathione (GSH) has been reported to affect virulence and bacterial pathogenesis. The role of GSH in virulence is diverse, including the activation of virulence gene expression and contributing to optimal biofilm formation. GSH can also be converted to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) which is important for the pathogenesis of certain bacteria. Besides GSH, some bacteria produce other LMW thiols such as mycothiol and bacillithiol that affect bacterial virulence. We discuss these newer reported functions of LMW thiols modulating bacterial pathogenesis either directly or indirectly and via modulation of the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Wei Kay Ku
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117596, Singapore
| | - Yunn-Hwen Gan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117596, Singapore.
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31
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Wan F, Feng X, Yin J, Gao H. Distinct H 2O 2-Scavenging System in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis: KatG and AhpC Act Together to Scavenge Endogenous Hydrogen Peroxide. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:626874. [PMID: 34025596 PMCID: PMC8139631 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.626874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To colonize in the digestive tract of animals and humans, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis has to deal with reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by host cells and microbiota. However, an understanding of the ROS-scavenging systems and their regulation in this bacterium remains largely elusive. In this study, we identified OxyR as the master transcriptional regulator mediating cellular responses to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in Y. pseudotuberculosis through genomics and transcriptomics analyses. OxyR activates transcription of diverse genes, especially the core members of its regulon, including those encoding catalases, peroxidases, and thiol reductases. The data also suggest that sulfur species and manganese may play a particular role in the oxidative stress response of Y. pseudotuberculosis. Among the three H2O2-scavenging systems in Y. pseudotuberculosis, catalase/peroxidase KatE functions as the primary scavenger for high levels of H2O2; NADH peroxidase alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpR) and catalase KatG together are responsible for removing low levels of H2O2. The simultaneous loss of both AhpC (the peroxidatic component of AhpR) and KatG results in activation of OxyR. Moreover, we found that AhpC, unlike its well-characterized Escherichia coli counterpart, has little effect on protecting cells against toxicity of organic peroxides. These findings provide not only novel insights into the structural and functional diversity of bacterial H2O2-scavenging systems but also a basic understanding of how Y. pseudotuberculosis copes with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wan
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhenjiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haichun Gao
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Mendes SS, Miranda V, Saraiva LM. Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Monoxide Tolerance in Bacteria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:729. [PMID: 34063102 PMCID: PMC8148161 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide share the ability to be beneficial or harmful molecules depending on the concentrations to which organisms are exposed. Interestingly, humans and some bacteria produce small amounts of these compounds. Since several publications have summarized the recent knowledge of its effects in humans, here we have chosen to focus on the role of H2S and CO on microbial physiology. We briefly review the current knowledge on how bacteria produce and use H2S and CO. We address their potential antimicrobial properties when used at higher concentrations, and describe how microbial systems detect and survive toxic levels of H2S and CO. Finally, we highlight their antimicrobial properties against human pathogens when endogenously produced by the host and when released by external chemical donors.
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33
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Walsh BJC, Giedroc DP. Proteomics Profiling of S-sulfurated Proteins in Acinetobacter baumannii. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4000. [PMID: 34124301 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is emerging as an important modulator in bacterial cytoprotection against the host immune response in infected animals, which may well be attributed to downstream highly oxidized sulfur species, termed reactive sulfur species (RSS), derived from H2S. One mechanism by which H2S/RSS may signal in the cell is through proteome S-sulfuration (persulfidation), which is the conversion of protein thiols (-SH) to protein persulfides (-SSH). While several analytical methods have been developed to profile sites of protein persulfidation, few have been applied to bacterial cells. The analytical workflow presented here was recently utilized to profile proteome persulfidation in the major human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii treated with an exogenous sulfide source, Na2S. The data obtained using this protocol allow quantitation of the change in persulfidation status of each cysteine in the proteome normalized to the change in protein abundance, thus identifying sites of persulfidation that may constitute regulatory modifications. These can be validated using follow-up biochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna J C Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 7102, USA
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 7102, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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34
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Jurado-Flores A, Romero LC, Gotor C. Label-Free Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Nitrogen Starvation in Arabidopsis Root Reveals New Aspects of H 2S Signaling by Protein Persulfidation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:508. [PMID: 33805243 PMCID: PMC8064375 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-mediated signaling pathways regulate many physiological and pathophysiological processes in mammalian and plant systems. The molecular mechanism by which hydrogen sulfide exerts its action involves the posttranslational modification of cysteine residues to form a persulfidated thiol motif. We developed a comparative and label-free quantitative proteomic analysis approach for the detection of endogenous persulfidated proteins in N-starved Arabidopsis thaliana roots by using the tag-switch method. In this work, we identified 5214 unique proteins from root tissue that were persulfidated, 1674 of which were quantitatively analyzed and found to show altered persulfidation levels in vivo under N deprivation. These proteins represented almost 13% of the entire annotated proteome in Arabidopsis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that persulfidated proteins were involved in a wide range of biological functions, regulating important processes such as primary metabolism, plant responses to stresses, growth and development, RNA translation and protein degradation. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis allowed us to obtain a comprehensive view of hydrogen sulfide signaling via changes in the persulfidation levels of key protein targets involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation and autophagy, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis C. Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Cecilia Gotor
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
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35
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Ali A, Wang Y, Wu L, Yang G. Gasotransmitter signaling in energy homeostasis and metabolic disorders. Free Radic Res 2020; 55:83-105. [PMID: 33297784 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1862827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gasotransmitters are small molecules of gases, including nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and carbon monoxide (CO). These three gasotransmitters can be endogenously produced and regulate a wide range of pathophysiological processes by interacting with specific targets upon diffusion in the biological media. By redox and epigenetic regulation of various physiological functions, NO, H2S, and CO are critical for the maintenance of intracellular energy homeostasis. Accumulated evidence has shown that these three gasotransmitters control ATP generation, mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and thermogenesis, etc. Abnormal generation and metabolism of NO, H2S, and/or CO are involved in various abnormal metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. In this review, we summarized the roles of NO, H2S, and CO in the regulation of energy homeostasis as well as their involvements in the metabolism of dysfunction-related diseases. Understanding the interaction among these gasotransmitters and their specific molecular targets are very important for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Health Science North Research Institute, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Guangdong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
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36
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Linzner N, Loi VV, Fritsch VN, Antelmann H. Thiol-based redox switches in the major pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Biol Chem 2020; 402:333-361. [PMID: 33544504 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen, which encounters reactive oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, electrophile and sulfur species (ROS, RNS, RCS, RES and RSS) by the host immune system, during cellular metabolism or antibiotics treatments. To defend against redox active species and antibiotics, S. aureus is equipped with redox sensing regulators that often use thiol switches to control the expression of specific detoxification pathways. In addition, the maintenance of the redox balance is crucial for survival of S. aureus under redox stress during infections, which is accomplished by the low molecular weight (LMW) thiol bacillithiol (BSH) and the associated bacilliredoxin (Brx)/BSH/bacillithiol disulfide reductase (YpdA)/NADPH pathway. Here, we present an overview of thiol-based redox sensors, its associated enzymatic detoxification systems and BSH-related regulatory mechanisms in S. aureus, which are important for the defense under redox stress conditions. Application of the novel Brx-roGFP2 biosensor provides new insights on the impact of these systems on the BSH redox potential. These thiol switches of S. aureus function in protection against redox active desinfectants and antimicrobials, including HOCl, the AGXX® antimicrobial surface coating, allicin from garlic and the naphthoquinone lapachol. Thus, thiol switches could be novel drug targets for the development of alternative redox-based therapies to combat multi-drug resistant S. aureus isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Linzner
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology-Microbiology, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, D-14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Vu Van Loi
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology-Microbiology, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, D-14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Nadin Fritsch
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology-Microbiology, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, D-14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Haike Antelmann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology-Microbiology, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, D-14195Berlin, Germany
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37
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Abstract
Aims: Cysteine persulfidation (also called sulfhydration or sulfuration) has emerged as a potential redox mechanism to regulate protein functions and diverse biological processes in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) signaling. Due to its intrinsically unstable nature, working with this modification has proven to be challenging. Although methodological progress has expanded the inventory of persulfidated proteins, there is a continued need to develop methods that can directly and unequivocally identify persulfidated cysteine residues in complex proteomes. Results: A quantitative chemoproteomic method termed as low-pH quantitative thiol reactivity profiling (QTRP) was developed to enable direct site-specific mapping and reactivity profiling of proteomic persulfides and thiols in parallel. The method was first applied to cell lysates treated with NaHS, resulting in the identification of overall 1547 persulfidated sites on 994 proteins. Structural analysis uncovered unique consensus motifs that might define this distinct type of modification. Moreover, the method was extended to profile endogenous protein persulfides in cells expressing H2S-generating enzyme, mouse tissues, and human serum, which led to additional insights into mechanistic, structural, and functional features of persulfidation events, particularly on human serum albumin. Innovation and Conclusion: Low-pH QTRP represents the first method that enables direct and unbiased proteomic mapping of cysteine persulfidation. Our method allows to generate the most comprehensive inventory of persulfidated targets of NaHS so far and to perform the first analysis of in vivo persulfidation events, providing a valuable tool to dissect the biological functions of this important modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences • Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Keke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences • Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyang He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences • Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Caiping Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences • Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences • Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences • Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
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38
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Lu T, Cao Q, Pang X, Xia Y, Xun L, Liu H. Sulfane sulfur-activated actinorhodin production and sporulation is maintained by a natural gene circuit in Streptomyces coelicolor. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1917-1932. [PMID: 32776457 PMCID: PMC7533328 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfane sulfur, including polysulfide and persulfide, is a newly identified cellular component present in microorganisms; however, its physiological functions are unclear. Streptomyces coelicolor M145 is a model strain of actinomycetes, which produces several polyketides, including actinorhodin. Herein, we found that both exogenously added and endogenously generated sulfane sulfur increased the actinorhodin production and accelerated spore formation of S. coelicolor M145. This bacterial species carries a natural gene circuit containing four genes that encode a CsoR-like transcription factor (ScCsoR), persulfide dioxygenase (ScPDO), rhodanese and a sulfite transporter, which were shown to be responsible for sensing and removal of excessive sulfane sulfur. ScCsoR was observed to bind to the promoters of the four genes, thus repressing their transcription. Sulfane sulfur modified Cys37 of ScCsoR, and the modified ScCSoR did not bind to the promoters, thereby activating the transcription of ScPDO. The deletion of ScCsoR decreased cellular sulfane sulfur, while the deletion of ScPDO increased its levels. The increased sulfane sulfur promoted actinorhodin production and sporulation. This study unveiled a natural gene circuit for maintaining sulfane sulfur homeostasis in bacteria. Further, we identified the trigger effect of sulfane sulfur on actinorhodin production, presenting a new approach for activating polyketide gene clusters in actinomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266200China
| | - Qun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266200China
| | - Xiuhua Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266200China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266200China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266200China
- School of Molecular BiosciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWA991647520USA
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266200China
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39
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Capdevila DA, Walsh BJC, Zhang Y, Dietrich C, Gonzalez-Gutierrez G, Giedroc DP. Structural basis for persulfide-sensing specificity in a transcriptional regulator. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 17:65-70. [PMID: 33106663 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine thiol-based transcriptional regulators orchestrate the coordinated regulation of redox homeostasis and other cellular processes by 'sensing' or detecting a specific redox-active molecule, which in turn activates the transcription of a specific detoxification pathway. The extent to which these sensors are truly specific in cells for a singular class of reactive small-molecule stressors, for example, reactive oxygen or sulfur species, is largely unknown. Here, we report structural and mechanistic insights into the thiol-based transcriptional repressor SqrR, which reacts exclusively with oxidized sulfur species such as persulfides, to yield a tetrasulfide bridge that inhibits DNA operator-promoter binding. Evaluation of crystallographic structures of SqrR in various derivatized states, coupled with the results of a mass spectrometry-based kinetic profiling strategy, suggest that persulfide selectivity is determined by structural frustration of the disulfide form. These findings led to the identification of an uncharacterized repressor from the bacterial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii as a persulfide sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana A Capdevila
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Brenna J C Walsh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Christopher Dietrich
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Giovanni Gonzalez-Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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40
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Walsh BJC, Giedroc DP. H 2S and reactive sulfur signaling at the host-bacterial pathogen interface. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13150-13168. [PMID: 32699012 PMCID: PMC7504917 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens that cause invasive disease in the vertebrate host must adapt to host efforts to cripple their viability. Major host insults are reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species as well as cellular stress induced by antibiotics. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is emerging as an important player in cytoprotection against these stressors, which may well be attributed to downstream more oxidized sulfur species termed reactive sulfur species (RSS). In this review, we summarize recent work that suggests that H2S/RSS impacts bacterial survival in infected cells and animals. We discuss the mechanisms of biogenesis and clearance of RSS in the context of a bacterial H2S/RSS homeostasis model and the bacterial transcriptional regulatory proteins that act as "sensors" of cellular RSS that maintain H2S/RSS homeostasis. In addition, we cover fluorescence imaging- and MS-based approaches used to detect and quantify RSS in bacterial cells. Last, we discuss proteome persulfidation (S-sulfuration) as a potential mediator of H2S/RSS signaling in bacteria in the context of the writer-reader-eraser paradigm, and progress toward ascribing regulatory significance to this widespread post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna J C Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
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41
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Singh N, Singh R, Shukla M, Kaul G, Chopra S, Joshi KB, Verma S. Peptide Nanostructure-Mediated Antibiotic Delivery by Exploiting H 2S-Rich Environment in Clinically Relevant Bacterial Cultures. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2441-2450. [PMID: 32786296 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive self-destructing soft structures serve as versatile hosts for the encapsulation of guest molecules. A new paradigm for H2S-responsive structures, based on a modified tripeptide construct, is presented along with microscopy evidence of its time-dependent rupture. As a medicinally interesting application, we employed these commercial antibiotic-loaded soft structures for successful drug release and inhibition of clinically relevant, drug-susceptible, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Ramesh Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India
| | - Manjulika Shukla
- Department of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh226001, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Department of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh226001, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Department of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh226001, India
| | - Khashti Ballabh Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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42
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Xuan G, Lü C, Xu H, Chen Z, Li K, Liu H, Liu H, Xia Y, Xun L. Sulfane Sulfur is an intrinsic signal activating MexR-regulated antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol Microbiol 2020; 114:1038-1048. [PMID: 32875640 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, an opportunistic human pathogen, deploys several strategies to resist antibiotics. It uses multidrug efflux pumps, including the MexAB-OprM pump, for antibiotic resistance, and it also produces hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) that provides some defense against antibiotics. MexR functions as a transcriptional repressor of the mexAB-oprM operon. MexR responds to oxidative stresses caused by antibiotic exposure, and it also displays a growth phase-dependent derepression of the mexAB-oprM operon. However, the intrinsic inducer has not been identified. Here, we report that P. aeruginosa PAO1 produced sulfane sulfur, including glutathione persulfide and inorganic polysulfide, produced from either H2 S oxidation or from L-cysteine metabolism. Sulfane sulfur directly reacted with MexR, forming di- and trisulfide cross-links between two Cys residues, to derepress the mexAB-oprM operon. Levels of cellular sulfane sulfur and mexAB-oprM expression varied during growth, and both reached the maximum during the stationary phase of growth. Thus, self-produced H2 S and sulfane sulfur may facilitate antibiotic resistance via inducing the expression of antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanjuan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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43
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Ray A, Edmonds KA, Palmer LD, Skaar EP, Giedroc DP. Staphylococcus aureus Glucose-Induced Biofilm Accessory Protein A (GbaA) Is a Monothiol-Dependent Electrophile Sensor. Biochemistry 2020; 59:2882-2895. [PMID: 32697076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal pathogen that has evolved to protect itself from unfavorable conditions by forming complex community structures termed biofilms. The regulation of the formation of these structures is multifactorial and in S. aureus involves a number of transcriptional regulators. GbaA (glucose-induced biofilm accessory protein A) is a tetracycline repressor (TetR) family regulator that harbors two conserved Cys residues (C55 and C104) and impacts the regulation of formation of poly-N-acetylglucosamine-based biofilms in many methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. Here, we show that GbaA-regulated transcription of a divergently transcribed operon in a MRSA strain can be induced by potent electrophiles, N-ethylmaleimide and methylglyoxal. Strikingly, induction of transcription in cells requires C55 or C104, but not both. These findings are consistent with in vitro small-angle X-ray scattering, chemical modification, and DNA operator binding experiments, which reveal that both reduced and intraprotomer (C55-C104) disulfide forms of GbaA have very similar overall structures and each exhibits a high affinity for the DNA operator, while DNA binding is strongly inhibited by derivatization of one or the other Cys residues via formation of a mixed disulfide with bacillithiol disulfide or a monothiol derivatization adduct with NEM. While both Cys residues are reactive toward electrophiles, C104 in the regulatory domain is the more reactive thiolate. These characteristics enhance the inducer specificity of GbaA and would preclude sensing of generalized cellular oxidative stress via disulfide bond formation. The implications of the findings for GbaA function in MRSA strains are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinaba Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Katherine A Edmonds
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Lauren D Palmer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology and Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology and Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
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44
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Aroca A, Gotor C, Bassham DC, Romero LC. Hydrogen Sulfide: From a Toxic Molecule to a Key Molecule of Cell Life. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E621. [PMID: 32679888 PMCID: PMC7402122 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has always been considered toxic, but a huge number of articles published more recently showed the beneficial biochemical properties of its endogenous production throughout all regna. In this review, the participation of H2S in many physiological and pathological processes in animals is described, and its importance as a signaling molecule in plant systems is underlined from an evolutionary point of view. H2S quantification methods are summarized and persulfidation is described as the underlying mechanism of action in plants, animals and bacteria. This review aims to highlight the importance of its crosstalk with other signaling molecules and its fine regulation for the proper function of the cell and its survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Aroca
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, University of Seville and CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (C.G.); (L.C.R.)
| | - Cecilia Gotor
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, University of Seville and CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (C.G.); (L.C.R.)
| | - Diane C. Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Luis C. Romero
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, University of Seville and CSIC, 41092 Seville, Spain; (C.G.); (L.C.R.)
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45
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Walsh BJC, Wang J, Edmonds KA, Palmer LD, Zhang Y, Trinidad JC, Skaar EP, Giedroc DP. The Response of Acinetobacter baumannii to Hydrogen Sulfide Reveals Two Independent Persulfide-Sensing Systems and a Connection to Biofilm Regulation. mBio 2020; 11:e01254-20. [PMID: 32576676 PMCID: PMC7315123 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01254-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen that is the causative agent of several serious infections in humans, including pneumonia, sepsis, and wound and burn infections. A. baumannii is also capable of forming proteinaceous biofilms on both abiotic and epithelial cell surfaces. Here, we investigate the response of A. baumannii toward sodium sulfide (Na2S), known to be associated with some biofilms at oxic/anoxic interfaces. The addition of exogenous inorganic sulfide reveals that A. baumannii encodes two persulfide-sensing transcriptional regulators, a primary σ54-dependent transcriptional activator (FisR), and a secondary system controlled by the persulfide-sensing biofilm growth-associated repressor (BigR), which is only induced by sulfide in a fisR deletion strain. FisR activates an operon encoding a sulfide oxidation/detoxification system similar to that characterized previously in Staphylococcus aureus, while BigR regulates a secondary persulfide dioxygenase (PDO2) as part of yeeE-yedE-pdo2 sulfur detoxification operon, found previously in Serratia spp. Global S-sulfuration (persulfidation) mapping of the soluble proteome reveals 513 persulfidation targets well beyond FisR-regulated genes and includes five transcriptional regulators, most notably the master biofilm regulator BfmR and a poorly characterized catabolite regulatory protein (Crp). Both BfmR and Crp are well known to impact biofilm formation in A. baumannii and other organisms, respectively, suggesting that persulfidation of these regulators may control their activities. The implications of these findings on bacterial sulfide homeostasis, persulfide signaling, and biofilm formation are discussed.IMPORTANCE Although hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has long been known as a respiratory poison, recent reports in numerous bacterial pathogens reveal that H2S and more downstream oxidized forms of sulfur collectedly termed reactive sulfur species (RSS) function as antioxidants to combat host efforts to clear the infection. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional and proteomic response of A. baumannii to exogenous sulfide as a model for how this important human pathogen manages sulfide/RSS homeostasis. We show that A. baumannii is unique in that it encodes two independent persulfide sensing and detoxification pathways that govern the speciation of bioactive sulfur in cells. The secondary persulfide sensor, BigR, impacts the expression of biofilm-associated genes; in addition, we identify two other transcriptional regulators known or projected to regulate biofilm formation, BfmR and Crp, as highly persulfidated in sulfide-exposed cells. These findings significantly strengthen the connection between sulfide homeostasis and biofilm formation in an important human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna J C Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Jiefei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Lauren D Palmer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- Laboratory for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Jonathan C Trinidad
- Laboratory for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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46
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Qian Y, Altamimi A, Yates SA, Sarkar S, Cochran M, Zhou M, Levi-Polyachenko N, Matson JB. H 2S-releasing amphiphilic dipeptide hydrogels are potent S. aureus biofilm disruptors. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2564-2576. [PMID: 32232239 PMCID: PMC7250531 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00241k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As a gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been studied to treat wounds and inflammation, but its potential antimicrobial effects in this context have not been evaluated. An H2S-releasing dipeptide hydrogel (S-FE), and several non-H2S-releasing control dipeptides, (C-FE, C-GE, FBA-FE, and FE where S = S-aroylthiooxime, an H2S donor; C = control, an oxime incapable of H2S release; FBA = 4-formylbenzamide, also incapable of H2S release; and E, F, G = glutamic acid, phenylalanine, and glycine, respectively), were studied to correlate differences in their chemical structures and H2S-releasing abilities with their antimicrobial effects on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Dipeptides with Phe (S-FE, C-FE, and FE) self-assembled into nanoribbons in water and displayed β-sheet formation and enhanced fluorescence, while the other two dipeptides (FBA-FE and C-GE) did not form assemblies in water. In vitro experiments with Staphylococcus aureus, which is a commonly found bacterium associated with wounds, showed significant antimicrobial effects from some of the dipeptides. Dipeptide S-FE inhibited bacterial growth more effectively than any of the controls, thereby limiting biofilm formation or disrupting established biofilms. These antimicrobial H2S-releasing dipeptide hydrogels provide a promising new approach to treat wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Afnan Altamimi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- King Saud University, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaina Alston Yates
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Santu Sarkar
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Cochran
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mingjun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Nicole Levi-Polyachenko
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules Innovation Institute, and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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Tarrant E, P Riboldi G, McIlvin MR, Stevenson J, Barwinska-Sendra A, Stewart LJ, Saito MA, Waldron KJ. Copper stress in Staphylococcus aureus leads to adaptive changes in central carbon metabolism. Metallomics 2020; 11:183-200. [PMID: 30443649 PMCID: PMC6350627 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00239h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Copper toxicity has been a long-term selection pressure on bacteria due to its presence in the environment and its use as an antimicrobial agent by grazing protozoa, by phagocytic cells of the immune system, and in man-made medical and commercial products. There is recent evidence that exposure to increased copper stress may have been a key driver in the evolution and spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a globally important pathogen that causes significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Yet it is unclear how S. aureus physiology is affected by copper stress or how it adapts in order to be able to grow in the presence of excess copper. Here, we have determined quantitatively how S. aureus alters its proteome during growth under copper stress conditions, comparing this adaptive response in two different types of growth regime. We found that the adaptive response involves induction of the conserved copper detoxification system as well as induction of enzymes of central carbon metabolism, with only limited induction of proteins involved in the oxidative stress response. Further, we identified a protein that binds copper inside S. aureus cells when stressed by copper excess. This copper-binding enzyme, a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase essential for glycolysis, is inhibited by copper in vitro and inside S. aureus cells. Together, our data demonstrate that copper stress leads to the inhibition of glycolysis in S. aureus, and that the bacterium adapts to this stress by altering its central carbon utilisation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Tarrant
- Institute for Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Genomic Characterization of New Variant of Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S)-Producing Escherichia coli with Multidrug Resistance Properties Carrying the mcr-1 Gene in China †. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9020080. [PMID: 32069849 PMCID: PMC7167817 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin is considered to be a ‘last-resort’ antimicrobial for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Identification of Enterobacteriaceae, carrying the transferable colistin resistance gene mcr-1, has recently provoked a global health concern. This report presents the first detection of a hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-producing Escherichia coli variant isolated from a human in China, with multidrug resistance (MDR) properties, including colistin resistance by the mcr-1 gene, which could have great implications for the treatment of human infections.
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49
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The Disulfide Stress Response and Protein S-thioallylation Caused by Allicin and Diallyl Polysulfanes in Bacillus subtilis as Revealed by Transcriptomics and Proteomics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120605. [PMID: 31795512 PMCID: PMC6943732 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic plants (Allium sativum L.) produce antimicrobial compounds, such as diallyl thiosulfinate (allicin) and diallyl polysulfanes. Here, we investigated the transcriptome and protein S-thioallylomes under allicin and diallyl tetrasulfane (DAS4) exposure in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Allicin and DAS4 caused a similar thiol-specific oxidative stress response, protein and DNA damage as revealed by the induction of the OhrR, PerR, Spx, YodB, CatR, HypR, AdhR, HxlR, LexA, CymR, CtsR, and HrcA regulons in the transcriptome. At the proteome level, we identified, in total, 108 S-thioallylated proteins under allicin and/or DAS4 stress. The S-thioallylome includes enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of surfactin (SrfAA, SrfAB), amino acids (SerA, MetE, YxjG, YitJ, CysJ, GlnA, YwaA), nucleotides (PurB, PurC, PyrAB, GuaB), translation factors (EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-G), antioxidant enzymes (AhpC, MsrB), as well as redox-sensitive MarR/OhrR and DUF24-family regulators (OhrR, HypR, YodB, CatR). Growth phenotype analysis revealed that the low molecular weight thiol bacillithiol, as well as the OhrR, Spx, and HypR regulons, confer protection against allicin and DAS4 stress. Altogether, we show here that allicin and DAS4 cause a strong oxidative, disulfide and sulfur stress response in the transcriptome and widespread S-thioallylation of redox-sensitive proteins in B. subtilis. The results further reveal that allicin and polysulfanes have similar modes of actions and thiol-reactivities and modify a similar set of redox-sensitive proteins by S-thioallylation.
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Bacterial Pathogens Hijack the Innate Immune Response by Activation of the Reverse Transsulfuration Pathway. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02174-19. [PMID: 31662455 PMCID: PMC6819659 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02174-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are professional immune cells that ingest and kill microbes. In this study, we show that different pathogenic bacteria induce the expression of cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) in macrophages. This enzyme is involved in a metabolic pathway called the reverse transsulfuration pathway, which leads to the production of numerous metabolites, including cystathionine. Phagocytized bacteria use cystathionine to better survive in macrophages. In addition, the induction of CTH results in dysregulation of the metabolism of polyamines, which in turn dampens the proinflammatory response of macrophages. In conclusion, pathogenic bacteria can evade the host immune response by inducing CTH in macrophages. The reverse transsulfuration pathway is the major route for the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. The role of this metabolic pathway in macrophage response and function is unknown. We show that the enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) is induced in macrophages infected with pathogenic bacteria through signaling involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/MTOR and the transcription factor SP1. This results in the synthesis of cystathionine, which facilitates the survival of pathogens within myeloid cells. Our data demonstrate that the expression of CTH leads to defective macrophage activation by (i) dysregulation of polyamine metabolism by depletion of S-adenosylmethionine, resulting in immunosuppressive putrescine accumulation and inhibition of spermidine and spermine synthesis, and (ii) increased histone H3K9, H3K27, and H3K36 di/trimethylation, which is associated with gene expression silencing. Thus, CTH is a pivotal enzyme of the innate immune response that disrupts host defense. The induction of the reverse transsulfuration pathway by bacterial pathogens can be considered an unrecognized mechanism for immune escape.
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