1
|
Jia H, Hu L, Zhang J, Huang X, Jiang Y, Dong G, Liu C, Liu X, Kim M, Zhan P. Recent advances of phenotypic screening strategies in the application of anti-influenza virus drug discovery. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:70-80. [PMID: 38283223 PMCID: PMC10809416 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00513e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Seasonal and pandemic influenza virus infections not only pose a serious threat to human health but also cause tremendous economic losses and social burdens. However, due to the inherent high variability of influenza virus RNA genomes, the existing anti-influenza virus drugs have been frequently faced with the clinical issue of emerging drug-resistant mutants. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient and broad-spectrum antiviral agents against wild-type and drug-resistant mutant strains. Phenotypic screening has been widely employed as a reliable strategy to evaluate antiviral efficacy of novel agents independent of their modes of action, either directly targeting viral proteins or regulating cellular factors involved in the virus life cycle. Here, from the point of view of medicinal chemistry, we review the research progress of phenotypic screening strategies by focusing direct acting antivirals against influenza virus. It could provide scientific insights into discovery of a distinctive class of therapeutic candidates that ensure high efficiency but low cytotoxicity, and address issues from circulation of drug-resistant influenza viruses in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong P.R. China
| | - Lide Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong P.R. China
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong P.R. China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong P.R. China
| | - Yuanmin Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong P.R. China
| | - Guanyu Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong P.R. China
| | - Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong P.R. China
- Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University Room 607, Building B of NUSP, No. 388 Ruoshui Road, SIP Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P.R. China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong P.R. China
| | - Meehyein Kim
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Daejeon 34114 Korea
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University 44 West Culture Road 250012 Jinan Shandong P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang Y. Pathogenicity and virulence of influenza. Virulence 2023; 14:2223057. [PMID: 37339323 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2223057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses, including four major types (A, B, C, and D), can cause mild-to-severe and lethal diseases in humans and animals. Influenza viruses evolve rapidly through antigenic drift (mutation) and shift (reassortment of the segmented viral genome). New variants, strains, and subtypes have emerged frequently, causing epidemic, zoonotic, and pandemic infections, despite currently available vaccines and antiviral drugs. In recent years, avian influenza viruses, such as H5 and H7 subtypes, have caused hundreds to thousands of zoonotic infections in humans with high case fatality rates. The likelihood of these animal influenza viruses acquiring airborne transmission in humans through viral evolution poses great concern for the next pandemic. Severe influenza viral disease is caused by both direct viral cytopathic effects and exacerbated host immune response against high viral loads. Studies have identified various mutations in viral genes that increase viral replication and transmission, alter tissue tropism or species specificity, and evade antivirals or pre-existing immunity. Significant progress has also been made in identifying and characterizing the host components that mediate antiviral responses, pro-viral functions, or immunopathogenesis following influenza viral infections. This review summarizes the current knowledge on viral determinants of influenza virulence and pathogenicity, protective and immunopathogenic aspects of host innate and adaptive immune responses, and antiviral and pro-viral roles of host factors and cellular signalling pathways. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of viral virulence factors and virus-host interactions is critical for the development of preventive and therapeutic measures against influenza diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang X, Xie Y, Li G, Niyazbekova Z, Li S, Chang J, Chen D, Ma W. ORFV entry into host cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109831. [PMID: 37480660 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV), also known as infectious pustular virus, leads to an acute contagious zoonotic infectious disease. ORFV can directly contact and infect epithelial cells of skin and mucosa, causing damage to tissue cells. So far, the pathway of ORFV entry into cells is unclear. Therefore, finding the internalization pathway of ORFV will help to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of ORFV infection and invasion, which in turn will provide a certain reference for the prevention and treatment of ORFV. In the present study, chemical inhibitors were used to analyze the mechanism of ORFV entry into target cells. The results showed that the inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis could inhibit ORFV entry into cells. However, the inhibitor of caveolae-mediated endocytosis cannot inhibit ORFV entry into cells. In addition, inhibition of macropinocytosis pathway also significantly reduced ORFV internalization. Furthermore, the inhibitors of acidification and dynamin also prevented ORFV entry. However, results demonstrated that inhibitors inhibited ORFV entry but did not inhibit ORFV binding. Notably, extracellular trypsin promoted ORFV entry into cells directly, even when the endocytic pathway was inhibited. In conclusion, ORFV enters into its target cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis, while caveolae-dependent endocytosis has little effects on this process. In addition, the entry into target cells by ORFV required an acid environment and the effect of dynamin. Meanwhile, we emphasize that broad-spectrum antiviral inhibitors and extracellular enzyme inhibitors are likely to be effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of ORFV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xidian Tang
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yanfei Xie
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guanhua Li
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhannur Niyazbekova
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shaofei Li
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jianjun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai Province, China; College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Dekun Chen
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Wentao Ma
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin N, Zhang Z, Ge Y, Zhao Y, Gu Z, Yang Y, Mao L, Wei Z, Liu J, Shi J, Wang Z. Polydopamine-based nanomedicines for efficient antiviral and secondary injury protection therapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf4098. [PMID: 37315148 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf4098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections continue to threaten human health. It remains a major challenge to efficiently inhibit viral infection while avoiding secondary injury. Here, we designed a multifunctional nanoplatform (termed as ODCM), prepared by oseltamivir phosphate (OP)-loaded polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles camouflaged by the macrophage cell membrane (CM). OP can be efficiently loaded onto the PDA nanoparticles through the π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions with a high drug-loading rate of 37.6%. In particular, the biomimetic nanoparticles can accumulate actively in the damaged lung model of viral infection. At the infection site, PDA nanoparticles can consume excess reactive oxygen species and be simultaneously oxidized and degraded to achieve controlled release of OP. This system exhibits enhanced delivery efficiency, inflammatory storm suppression, and viral replication inhibition. Therefore, the system exerts outstanding therapeutic effects while improving pulmonary edema and protecting lung injury in a mouse model of influenza A virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Key Drug Preparation Technology Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhongmou Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yongzhuang Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Key Drug Preparation Technology Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zichen Gu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Key Drug Preparation Technology Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lu Mao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhanyong Wei
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Key Drug Preparation Technology Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jinjin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Key Drug Preparation Technology Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhenya Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar N, Taily IM, Singh C, Kumar S, Rajmani RS, Chakraborty D, Sharma A, Singh P, Thakur KG, Varadarajan R, Ringe RP, Banerjee P, Banerjee I. Identification of diphenylurea derivatives as novel endocytosis inhibitors that demonstrate broad-spectrum activity against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus both in vitro and in vivo. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011358. [PMID: 37126530 PMCID: PMC10174524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus (IAV) poses enormous challenge in the development of broad-spectrum antivirals that are effective against the existing and emerging viral strains. Virus entry through endocytosis represents an attractive target for drug development, as inhibition of this early infection step should block downstream infection processes, and potentially inhibit viruses sharing the same entry route. In this study, we report the identification of 1,3-diphenylurea (DPU) derivatives (DPUDs) as a new class of endocytosis inhibitors, which broadly restricted entry and replication of several SARS-CoV-2 and IAV strains. Importantly, the DPUDs did not induce any significant cytotoxicity at concentrations effective against the viral infections. Examining the uptake of cargoes specific to different endocytic pathways, we found that DPUDs majorly affected clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which both SARS-CoV-2 and IAV utilize for cellular entry. In the DPUD-treated cells, although virus binding on the cell surface was unaffected, internalization of both the viruses was drastically reduced. Since compounds similar to the DPUDs were previously reported to transport anions including chloride (Cl-) across lipid membrane and since intracellular Cl- concentration plays a critical role in regulating vesicular trafficking, we hypothesized that the observed defect in endocytosis by the DPUDs could be due to altered Cl- gradient across the cell membrane. Using in vitro assays we demonstrated that the DPUDs transported Cl- into the cell and led to intracellular Cl- accumulation, which possibly affected the endocytic machinery by perturbing intracellular Cl- homeostasis. Finally, we tested the DPUDs in mice challenged with IAV and mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 (MA 10). Treatment of the infected mice with the DPUDs led to remarkable body weight recovery, improved survival and significantly reduced lung viral load, highlighting their potential for development as broad-spectrum antivirals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Kumar
- Cellular Virology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali (IISER Mohali), Mohali, India
| | - Irshad Maajid Taily
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Charandeep Singh
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sahil Kumar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Raju S. Rajmani
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (IISc), Bengaluru, India
| | - Debajyoti Chakraborty
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (IISc), Bengaluru, India
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Krishan Gopal Thakur
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Raghavan Varadarajan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (IISc), Bengaluru, India
| | - Rajesh P. Ringe
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-IMTECH), Chandigarh, India
| | - Prabal Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT Ropar), Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Indranil Banerjee
- Cellular Virology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali (IISER Mohali), Mohali, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bao Y, Shi Y, Zhou L, Gao S, Yao R, Guo S, Geng Z, Bao L, Zhao R, Cui X. MicroRNA-205-5p: A potential therapeutic target for influenza A. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5917-5928. [PMID: 36403222 PMCID: PMC9716220 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2024] Open
Abstract
We are committed to finding host targets for influenza A therapeutics. The nucleoprotein (NP) plays an important role in influenza A virus replication and is an indispensable part of viral transcription and replication. Exploring endogenous substances that can modulate NP is critical for finding host targets. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miR) are a novel class of powerful, endogenous gene expression regulators. Herein, we used miRanda to analyse the base complementarity between the NP gene and the 14 host miRNAs reported previously by us. MiRanda predicted that miR-431-5p, miR-744-3p and miR-205-5p could complement the NP gene. To understand the effect of these miRNAs on NP expression, we co-transfected 293 T cells with NP gene sequence containing above miRNAs binding site or full sequence of NP gene (transfected into pmirGlo or pcDNA3.1 vectors, respectively), and mimics of miR-205-5p, miR-431-5p and miR-744-3p. Dual luciferase reporter gene or Western blotting assays confirmed that miR-205-5p and miR-431-5p inhibit NP expression by binding with the miRNA binding site of NP gene. Further, we infected Mouse Lung Epithelial (MLE-12) cells overexpressing miR-205-5p and miR-431-5p with influenza A virus and performed Western blotting to examine NP expression. We found that NP expression was significantly reduced in MLE-12 cells overexpressing miR-205-5p during influenza A infection. The miR-205-5p overexpression-induced inhibition of influenza A replication could be attributed to the inhibition of NP expression. Further, we administered oseltamivir and Jinchai Antiviral Capsules (JC, an anti-influenza Chinese medicine) to influenza A virus-infected MLE-12 cells and mice. We found that miR-205-5p was significantly decreased increased in infected cells and lung tissues, and oseltamivir and JC could up-regulate miR-205-5p. In conclusion, we provide new evidence that miR-205-5p plays a role in regulating viral NP protein expression in combating influenza A and may be a potential target for influenza A therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Bao
- Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yujing Shi
- Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lirun Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shuangrong Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Rongmei Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zihan Geng
- Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lei Bao
- Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ronghua Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaolan Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Recent Advances in Influenza, HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Infection Prevention and Drug Treatment—The Need for Precision Medicine. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses, and in particular, RNA viruses, dominate the WHO’s current list of ten global health threats. Of these, we review the widespread and most common HIV, influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2 infections, as well as their possible prevention by vaccination and treatments by pharmacotherapeutic approaches. Beyond the vaccination, we discuss the virus-targeting and host-targeting drugs approved in the last five years, in the case of SARS-CoV-2 in the last one year, as well as new drug candidates and lead molecules that have been published in the same periods. We share our views on vaccination and pharmacotherapy, their mutually reinforcing strategic significance in combating pandemics, and the pros and cons of host and virus-targeted drug therapy. The COVID-19 pandemic has provided evidence of our limited armamentarium to fight emerging viral diseases. Novel broad-spectrum vaccines as well as drugs that could even be applied as prophylactic treatments or in early phases of the viremia, possibly through oral administration, are needed in all three areas. To meet these needs, the use of multi-data-based precision medicine in the practice and innovation of vaccination and drug therapy is inevitable.
Collapse
|
8
|
Carlin CR. Role of EGF Receptor Regulatory Networks in the Host Response to Viral Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:820355. [PMID: 35083168 PMCID: PMC8785968 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.820355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review article, we will first provide a brief overview of EGF receptor (EGFR) structure and function, and its importance as a therapeutic target in epithelial carcinomas. We will then compare what is currently known about canonical EGFR trafficking pathways that are triggered by ligand binding, versus ligand-independent pathways activated by a variety of intrinsic and environmentally induced cellular stresses. Next, we will review the literature regarding the role of EGFR as a host factor with critical roles facilitating viral cell entry and replication. Here we will focus on pathogens exploiting virus-encoded and endogenous EGFR ligands, as well as EGFR-mediated trafficking and signaling pathways that have been co-opted by wild-type viruses and recombinant gene therapy vectors. We will also provide an overview of a recently discovered pathway regulating non-canonical EGFR trafficking and signaling that may be a common feature of viruses like human adenoviruses which signal through p38-mitogen activated protein kinase. We will conclude by discussing the emerging role of EGFR signaling in innate immunity to viral infections, and how viral evasion mechanisms are contributing to our understanding of fundamental EGFR biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen R. Carlin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Cathleen R. Carlin,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
An Overview of Class II Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:51-68. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
10
|
Yang J, Liu S. Influenza Virus Entry inhibitors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1366:123-135. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8702-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Raut P, Waters H, Zimmberberg J, Obeng B, Gosse J, Hess ST. Localization-Based Super-Resolution Microscopy Reveals Relationship between SARS-CoV2 Spike and Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 11965:1196503. [PMID: 36051945 PMCID: PMC9432428 DOI: 10.1117/12.2613460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Localization microscopy circumvents the diffraction limit by identifying and measuring the positions of numerous subsets of individual fluorescent molecules, ultimately producing an image whose resolution depends on the uncertainty and density of localization, and whose capabilities are compatible with imaging living specimens. Spectral resolution can be improved by incorporating a dichroic or dispersive element in the detection path of a localization microscope, which can be useful for separation of multiple probes imaged simultaneously and for detection of changes in emission spectra of fluorophores resulting from changes in their environment. These methodological advances enable new biological applications, which in turn motivate new questions and technical innovations. As examples, we present fixed-cell imaging of the spike protein SARS-CoV2 (S) and its interactions with host cell components. Results show a relationship between S and the lipid phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2). These findings have ramifications for several existing models of plasma membrane organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Raut
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5709
| | - Hang Waters
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1855
| | - Joshua Zimmberberg
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1855
| | - Bright Obeng
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
| | - Julie Gosse
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
| | - Samuel T. Hess
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5709
- corresponding author: ; phone 207 581-1036; fax 207 581-3410
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Raghuvanshi R, Bharate SB. Recent Developments in the Use of Kinase Inhibitors for Management of Viral Infections. J Med Chem 2021; 65:893-921. [PMID: 33539089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kinases are a group of therapeutic targets involved in the progression of numerous diseases, including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and viral infections. The majority of approved antiviral agents are inhibitors of virus-specific targets that are encoded by individual viruses. These inhibitors are narrow-spectrum agents that can cause resistance development. Viruses are dependent on host cellular proteins, including kinases, for progression of their life-cycle. Thus, targeting kinases is an important therapeutic approach to discovering broad-spectrum antiviral agents. As there are a large number of FDA approved kinase inhibitors for various indications, their repurposing for viral infections is an attractive and time-sparing strategy. Many kinase inhibitors, including baricitinib, ruxolitinib, imatinib, tofacitinib, pacritinib, zanubrutinib, and ibrutinib, are under clinical investigation for COVID-19. Herein, we discuss FDA approved kinase inhibitors, along with a repertoire of clinical/preclinical stage kinase inhibitors that possess antiviral activity or are useful in the management of viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rinky Raghuvanshi
- Medicinal Chemistry Division,CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Medicinal Chemistry Division,CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kumar P, Sah AK, Tripathi G, Kashyap A, Tripathi A, Rao R, Mishra PC, Mallick K, Husain A, Kashyap MK. Role of ACE2 receptor and the landscape of treatment options from convalescent plasma therapy to the drug repurposing in COVID-19. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:553-574. [PMID: 33029696 PMCID: PMC7539757 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the first case reports in Wuhan, China, the SARS-CoV-2 has caused a pandemic and took lives of > 8,35,000 people globally. This single-stranded RNA virus uses Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for entry into the host cell. Overexpression of ACE2 is mainly observed in hypertensive, diabetic and heart patients that make them prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mitigations strategies were opted globally by the governments to minimize transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via the implementation of social distancing norms, wearing the facemasks, and spreading awareness using digital platforms. The lack of an approved drug treatment regimen, and non-availability of a vaccine, collectively posed a challenge for mankind to fight against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this scenario, repurposing of existing drugs and old treatment options like convalescent plasma therapy can be one of the potential alternatives to treat the disease. The drug repurposing provides a selection of drugs based on the scientific rationale and with a shorter cycle of clinical trials, while plasma isolated from COVID-19 recovered patients can be a good source of neutralizing antibody to provide passive immunity. In this review, we provide in-depth analysis on these two approaches currently opted all around the world to treat COVID-19 patients. For this, we used "Boolean Operators" such as AND, OR & NOT to search relevant research articles/reviews from the PUBMED for the repurposed drugs and the convalescent plasma in the COVID-19 treatment. The repurposed drugs like Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine, Tenofovir, Remdesivir, Ribavirin, Darunavir, Oseltamivir, Arbidol (Umifenovir), Favipiravir, Anakinra, and Baricitinib are already being used in clinical trials to treat the COVID-19 patients. These drugs have been approved for a different indication and belong to a diverse category such as anti-malarial/anti-parasitic, anti-retroviral/anti-viral, anti-cancer, or against rheumatoid arthritis. Although, the vaccine would be an ideal option for providing active immunity against the SARS-CoV-2, but considering the current situation, drug repurposing and convalescent plasma therapy and repurposed drugs are the most viable option against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pravindra Kumar
- School of Life & Allied Health Sciences, The Glocal University, Saharanpur, UP, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Sah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Greesham Tripathi
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana, 122413, India
| | - Anjali Kashyap
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Avantika Tripathi
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana, 122413, India
| | - Rashmi Rao
- School of Life & Allied Health Sciences, The Glocal University, Saharanpur, UP, India
| | - Prabhu C Mishra
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana, 122413, India
| | - Koustav Mallick
- National Liver Disease Biobank, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amjad Husain
- Centre for Science & Society, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
- Innovation and Incubation Centre for Entrepreneurship (IICE), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana, 122413, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Groaz E, De Clercq E, Herdewijn P. Anno 2021: Which antivirals for the coming decade? ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2021; 57:49-107. [PMID: 34744210 PMCID: PMC8563371 DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in the development of antiviral drugs, among which anti-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) medications can be considered real success stories, many viral infections remain without an effective treatment. This not only applies to infectious outbreaks caused by zoonotic viruses that have recently spilled over into humans such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but also ancient viral diseases that have been brought under control by vaccination such as variola (smallpox), poliomyelitis, measles, and rabies. A largely unsolved problem are endemic respiratory infections due to influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinoviruses, whose associated morbidity will likely worsen with increasing air pollution. Furthermore, climate changes will expose industrialized countries to a dangerous resurgence of viral hemorrhagic fevers, which might also become global infections. Herein, we summarize the recent progress that has been made in the search for new antivirals against these different threats that the world population will need to confront with increasing frequency in the next decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Groaz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Corresponding author:
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kumar P, Sah AK, Tripathi G, Kashyap A, Tripathi A, Rao R, Mishra PC, Mallick K, Husain A, Kashyap MK. Role of ACE2 receptor and the landscape of treatment options from convalescent plasma therapy to the drug repurposing in COVID-19. Mol Cell Biochem 2020. [PMID: 33029696 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03924-2,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the first case reports in Wuhan, China, the SARS-CoV-2 has caused a pandemic and took lives of > 8,35,000 people globally. This single-stranded RNA virus uses Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for entry into the host cell. Overexpression of ACE2 is mainly observed in hypertensive, diabetic and heart patients that make them prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mitigations strategies were opted globally by the governments to minimize transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via the implementation of social distancing norms, wearing the facemasks, and spreading awareness using digital platforms. The lack of an approved drug treatment regimen, and non-availability of a vaccine, collectively posed a challenge for mankind to fight against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this scenario, repurposing of existing drugs and old treatment options like convalescent plasma therapy can be one of the potential alternatives to treat the disease. The drug repurposing provides a selection of drugs based on the scientific rationale and with a shorter cycle of clinical trials, while plasma isolated from COVID-19 recovered patients can be a good source of neutralizing antibody to provide passive immunity. In this review, we provide in-depth analysis on these two approaches currently opted all around the world to treat COVID-19 patients. For this, we used "Boolean Operators" such as AND, OR & NOT to search relevant research articles/reviews from the PUBMED for the repurposed drugs and the convalescent plasma in the COVID-19 treatment. The repurposed drugs like Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine, Tenofovir, Remdesivir, Ribavirin, Darunavir, Oseltamivir, Arbidol (Umifenovir), Favipiravir, Anakinra, and Baricitinib are already being used in clinical trials to treat the COVID-19 patients. These drugs have been approved for a different indication and belong to a diverse category such as anti-malarial/anti-parasitic, anti-retroviral/anti-viral, anti-cancer, or against rheumatoid arthritis. Although, the vaccine would be an ideal option for providing active immunity against the SARS-CoV-2, but considering the current situation, drug repurposing and convalescent plasma therapy and repurposed drugs are the most viable option against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pravindra Kumar
- School of Life & Allied Health Sciences, The Glocal University, Saharanpur, UP, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Sah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Greesham Tripathi
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana, 122413, India
| | - Anjali Kashyap
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Avantika Tripathi
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana, 122413, India
| | - Rashmi Rao
- School of Life & Allied Health Sciences, The Glocal University, Saharanpur, UP, India
| | - Prabhu C Mishra
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana, 122413, India
| | - Koustav Mallick
- National Liver Disease Biobank, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amjad Husain
- Centre for Science & Society, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India.,Innovation and Incubation Centre for Entrepreneurship (IICE), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana, 122413, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Breaking the Convention: Sialoglycan Variants, Coreceptors, and Alternative Receptors for Influenza A Virus Entry. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01357-19. [PMID: 31776280 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01357-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) envelope protein hemagglutinin binds α2,6- or α2,3-linked sialic acid as a host cell receptor. Bat IAV subtypes H17N10 and H18N11 form an exception to this rule and do not bind sialic acid but enter cells via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. Here, we review current knowledge on IAV receptors with a focus on sialoglycan variants, protein coreceptors, and alternative receptors that impact IAV attachment and internalization beyond the well-described sialic acid binding.
Collapse
|