1
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Pavón C, Benetti EM, Lorandi F. Polymer Brushes on Nanoparticles for Controlling the Interaction with Protein-Rich Physiological Media. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:11843-11857. [PMID: 38787578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with biological environments triggers the formation of a protein corona (PC), which significantly influences their behavior in vivo. This review explores the evolving understanding of PC formation, focusing on the opportunity for decreasing or suppressing protein-NP interactions by macromolecular engineering of NP shells. The functionalization of NPs with a dense, hydrated polymer brush shell is a powerful strategy for imparting stealth properties in order to elude recognition by the immune system. While poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been extensively used for this purpose, concerns regarding its stability and immunogenicity have prompted the exploration of alternative polymers. The stealth properties of brush shells can be enhanced by tailoring functionalities and structural parameters, including the molar mass, grafting density, and polymer topology. Determining correlations between these parameters and biopassivity has enabled us to obtain polymer-grafted NPs with high colloidal stability and prolonged circulation time in biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pavón
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry (MOC), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry (MOC), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry (MOC), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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2
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Clarke RW, Caputo MR, Polo Fonseca L, McGraw ML, Reilly LT, Franklin KA, Müller AJ, Chen EYX. Cyclic and Linear Tetrablock Copolymers Synthesized at Speed and Scale by Lewis Pair Polymerization of a One-Pot (Meth)acrylic Mixture and Characterized at Multiple Levels. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4930-4941. [PMID: 38346332 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic block copolymers (cBCP) are fundamentally intriguing materials, but their synthetic challenges that demand precision in controlling both the monomer sequence and polymer topology limit access to AB and ABC block architectures. Here, we show that cyclic ABAB tetra-BCPs (cABAB) and their linear counterpart (lABAB) can be readily obtained at a speed and scale from one-pot (meth)acrylic monomer mixtures, through coupling the Lewis pair polymerization's unique compounded-sequence control with its precision in topology control. This approach achieves fast (<15 min) and quantitative (>99%) conversion to tetra-BCPs of predesignated linear or cyclic topology at scale (40 g) in a one-pot procedure, precluding the needs for repeated chain extensions, stoichiometric addition steps, dilute conditions, and postsynthetic modifications, and/or postsynthetic ring-closure steps. The resulting lABAB and cABAB have essentially identical molecular weights (Mn = 165-168 kg mol-1) and block degrees/symmetry, allowing for direct behavioral comparisons in solution (hydrodynamic volume, intrinsic viscosity, elution time, and refractive indices), bulk (thermal transitions), and film (thermomechanical and rheometric properties and X-ray scattering patterns) states. To further the morphological characterizations, allylic side-chain functionality is exploited via the thiol-ene click chemistry to install crystalline octadecane side chains and promote phase separation between the A and B blocks, allowing visualization of microdomain formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Maria Rosaria Caputo
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Lucas Polo Fonseca
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Michael L McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Liam T Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Kevin A Franklin
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Alejandro J Müller
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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3
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Staňo R, Likos CN, Egorov SA. Mixing Linear Polymers with Rings and Catenanes: Bulk and Interfacial Behavior. Macromolecules 2023; 56:8168-8182. [PMID: 37900098 PMCID: PMC10601540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
We derive and parameterize effective interaction potentials between a multitude of different types of ring polymers and linear chains, varying the bending rigidity and solvent quality for the former species. We further develop and apply a density functional treatment for mixtures of both disconnected (chain-ring) and connected (chain-polycatenane) mixtures of the same, drawing coexistence binodals and exploring the ensuing response functions as well as the interface and wetting behavior of the mixtures. We show that worsening of the solvent quality for the rings brings about a stronger propensity for macroscopic phase separation in the linear-polycatenane mixtures, which is predominantly of the demixing type between phases of similar overall particle density. We formulate a simple criterion based on the effective interactions, allowing us to determine whether any specific linear-ring mixture will undergo a demixing phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Staňo
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Physics, University of
Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christos N. Likos
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sergei A. Egorov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, United States
- Erwin
Schrödinger International Institute for Mathematics and Physics, Boltzmanngasse 9, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Kuriata A, Sikorski A. Structure of adsorbed linear and cyclic block copolymers: A computer simulation study. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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5
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Xue Y, Cao M, Chen C, Zhong M. Design of Microstructure-Engineered Polymers for Energy and Environmental Conservation. JACS AU 2023; 3:1284-1300. [PMID: 37234122 PMCID: PMC10207122 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
With the ever-growing demand for sustainability, designing polymeric materials using readily accessible feedstocks provides potential solutions to address the challenges in energy and environmental conservation. Complementing the prevailing strategy of varying chemical composition, engineering microstructures of polymer chains by precisely controlling their chain length distribution, main chain regio-/stereoregularity, monomer or segment sequence, and architecture creates a powerful toolbox to rapidly access diversified material properties. In this Perspective, we lay out recent advances in utilizing appropriately designed polymers in a wide range of applications such as plastic recycling, water purification, and solar energy storage and conversion. With decoupled structural parameters, these studies have established various microstructure-function relationships. Given the progress outlined here, we envision that the microstructure-engineering strategy will accelerate the design and optimization of polymeric materials to meet sustainability criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Xue
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Mengxue Cao
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Charles Chen
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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6
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Song Y, He J, Zhang Y, Gilsdorf RA, Chen EYX. Recyclable cyclic bio-based acrylic polymer via pairwise monomer enchainment by a trifunctional Lewis pair. Nat Chem 2023; 15:366-376. [PMID: 36443531 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The existing catalyst/initiator systems and methodologies used for the synthesis of polymers can access only a few cyclic polymers composed entirely of a single monomer type, and the synthesis of such authentic cyclic polar vinyl polymers (acrylics) devoid of any foreign motifs remains a challenge. Here we report that a tethered B-P-B trifunctional, intramolecular frustrated Lewis pair catalyst enables the synthesis of an authentic cyclic acrylic polymer, cyclic poly(γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone) (c-PMMBL), from the bio-based monomer MMBL. Detailed studies have revealed an initiation and propagation mechanism through pairwise monomer enchainment enabled by the cooperative and synergistic initiator/catalyst sites of the trifunctional catalyst. We propose that macrocyclic intermediates and transition states comprising two catalyst molecules are involved in the catalyst-regulated ring expansion and eventual cyclization, forming authentic c-PMMBL rings and concurrently regenerating the catalyst. The cyclic topology of the c-PMMBL polymers imparts an ~50 °C higher onset decomposition temperature and a much narrower degradation window compared with their linear counterparts of similar molecular weight and dispersity, while maintaining high chemical recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Reid A Gilsdorf
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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7
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Vagias A, Nelson A, Wang P, Reitenbach J, Geiger C, Kreuzer LP, Saerbeck T, Cubitt R, Benetti EM, Müller-Buschbaum P. The Topology of Polymer Brushes Determines Their Nanoscale Hydration. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300035. [PMID: 36815590 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight neutron reflectometry (ToF-NR) performed under different relative humidity conditions demonstrates that polymer brushes constituted by hydrophilic, cyclic macromolecules exhibit a more compact conformation with lower roughness as compared to linear brush analogues, due to the absence of dangling chain ends extending at the polymer-vapor interface. In addition, cyclic brushes feature a larger swelling ratio and an increased solvent uptake with respect to their linear counterparts as a consequence of the increased interchain steric repulsions. It is proposed that differences in swelling ratios between linear and cyclic brushes come from differences in osmotic pressure experienced by each brush topology. These differences stem from entropic constraints. The findings suggest that to correlate the equilibrium swelling ratios at different relative humidity for different topologies a new form of the Flory-like expression for equilibrium thicknesses of grafted brushes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Vagias
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Andrew Nelson
- ANSTO, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Peixi Wang
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Julija Reitenbach
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Christina Geiger
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Lucas Philipp Kreuzer
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Saerbeck
- Institut Laue Langevin (ILL), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Robert Cubitt
- Institut Laue Langevin (ILL), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Edmondo Maria Benetti
- Polymer Surfaces Group, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35122, Italy.,Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
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8
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Polymer brushes for friction control: Contributions of molecular simulations. Biointerphases 2023; 18:010801. [PMID: 36653299 DOI: 10.1116/6.0002310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
When polymer chains are grafted to solid surfaces at sufficiently high density, they form brushes that can modify the surface properties. In particular, polymer brushes are increasingly being used to reduce friction in water-lubricated systems close to the very low levels found in natural systems, such as synovial joints. New types of polymer brush are continually being developed to improve with lower friction and adhesion, as well as higher load-bearing capacities. To complement experimental studies, molecular simulations are increasingly being used to help to understand how polymer brushes reduce friction. In this paper, we review how molecular simulations of polymer brush friction have progressed from very simple coarse-grained models toward more detailed models that can capture the effects of brush topology and chemistry as well as electrostatic interactions for polyelectrolyte brushes. We pay particular attention to studies that have attempted to match experimental friction data of polymer brush bilayers to results obtained using molecular simulations. We also critically look at the remaining challenges and key limitations to overcome and propose future modifications that could potentially improve agreement with experimental studies, thus enabling molecular simulations to be used predictively to modify the brush structure for optimal friction reduction.
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9
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Tran JA, Madsen J, Skov AL. Scalable Synthetic Route to PDMS Ring Polymers in High Yields from Commercially Available Materials Using the Piers-Rubinsztajn Reaction. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:46884-46890. [PMID: 36570213 PMCID: PMC9773789 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While cyclic polymers have intrigued researchers for their novel set of architecture-driven rheological interactions, the possibility of incorporating them in topological systems has been limited by the availability of large ring polymers. Thus, the need for scalable methods to produce ring polymers has become apparent. Here, a facile method to prepare polysiloxane ring polymers by means of Piers-Rubinsztajn chemistry is presented. The one-pot nature and commercial availability of reagents additionally confirm the applicability of the method for large-scale production. Furthermore, a highly efficient yet simple purification method was developed for the isolation of pure ring polymers without linear side products.
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10
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Grest GS, Ge T, Plimpton SJ, Rubinstein M, O’Connor TC. Entropic Mixing of Ring/Linear Polymer Blends. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 3:209-216. [PMID: 37065717 PMCID: PMC10103188 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The topological constraints of nonconcatenated ring polymers force them to form compact loopy globular conformations with much lower entropy than unconstrained ideal rings. The closed-loop structure of ring polymers also enables them to be threaded by linear polymers in ring/linear blends, resulting in less compact ring conformations with higher entropy. This conformational entropy increase promotes mixing rings with linear polymers. Here, using molecular dynamics simulations for bead-spring chains, ring/linear blends are shown to be significantly more miscible than linear/linear blends and that there is an entropic mixing, negative χ, for ring/linear blends compared to linear/linear and ring/ring blends. In analogy with small angle neutron scattering, the static structure function S(q) is measured, and the resulting data are fit to the random phase approximation model to determine χ. In the limit that the two components are the same, χ = 0 for the linear/linear and ring/ring blends as expected, while χ < 0 for the ring/linear blends. With increasing chain stiffness, χ for the ring/linear blends becomes more negative, varying reciprocally with the number of monomers between entanglements. Ring/linear blends are also shown to be more miscible than either ring/ring or linear/linear blends and stay in single phase for a wider range of increasing repulsion between the two components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S. Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Ting Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Steven J. Plimpton
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Physics Departments, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Thomas C. O’Connor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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11
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Ochs J, Pagnacco CA, Barroso-Bujans F. Macrocyclic polymers: Synthesis, purification, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Chen C, Weil T. Cyclic polymers: synthesis, characteristics, and emerging applications. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1121-1135. [PMID: 35938292 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00242f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic polymers with a ring-like topology and no chain ends are a unique class of macromolecules. In the past several decades, significant advances have been made to prepare these fascinating polymers, which allow for the exploration of their topological effects and potential applications in various fields. In this Review, we first describe representative synthetic strategies for making cyclic polymers and their derivative topological polymers with more complex structures. Second, the unique physical properties and self-assembly behavior of cyclic polymers are discussed by comparing them with their linear analogues. Special attention is paid to highlight how polymeric rings can assemble into hierarchical macromolecular architectures. Subsequently, representative applications of cyclic polymers in different fields such as drug and gene delivery and surface functionalization are presented. Last, we envision the following key challenges and opportunities for cyclic polymers that may attract future attention: large-scale synthesis, efficient purification, programmable folding and assembly, and expansion of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojian Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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13
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Lorandi F, Fantin M, Matyjaszewski K. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: A Mechanistic Perspective. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15413-15430. [PMID: 35882005 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since its inception, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has seen continuous evolution in terms of the design of the catalyst and reaction conditions; today, it is one of the most useful techniques to prepare well-defined polymers as well as one of the most notable examples of catalysis in polymer chemistry. This Perspective highlights fundamental advances in the design of ATRP reactions and catalysts, focusing on the crucial role that mechanistic studies play in understanding, rationalizing, and predicting polymerization outcomes. A critical summary of traditional ATRP systems is provided first; we then focus on the most recent developments to improve catalyst selectivity, control polymerizations via external stimuli, and employ new photochemical or dual catalytic systems with an outlook to future research directions and open challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lorandi
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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14
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Wang J, O'Connor TC, Grest GS, Ge T. Superstretchable Elastomer from Cross-linked Ring Polymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:237801. [PMID: 35749195 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.237801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The stretchability of polymeric materials is critical to many applications such as flexible electronics and soft robotics, yet the stretchability of conventional cross-linked linear polymers is limited by the entanglements between polymer chains. We show using molecular dynamics simulations that cross-linked ring polymers are significantly more stretchable than cross-linked linear polymers. Compared to linear polymers, the entanglements between ring polymers do not act as effective cross-links. As a result, the stretchability of cross-linked ring polymers is determined by the maximum extension of polymer strands between cross-links, rather than between trapped entanglements as in cross-linked linear polymers. The more compact conformation of ring polymers before deformation also contributes to the increase in stretchability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuling Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Thomas C O'Connor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Gary S Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Ting Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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15
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Watanabe T, Wang Y, Ono T, Chimura S, Isono T, Tajima K, Satoh T, Sato SI, Ida D, Yamamoto T. Topology and Sequence-Dependent Micellization and Phase Separation of Pluronic L35, L64, 10R5, and 17R4: Effects of Cyclization and the Chain Ends. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091823. [PMID: 35566993 PMCID: PMC9105568 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The topology effects of cyclization on thermal phase transition behaviors were investigated for a series of amphiphilic Pluronic copolymers of both hydrophilic–hydrophobic–hydrophilic and hydrophobic–hydrophilic–hydrophobic block sequences. The dye solubilization measurements revealed the lowered critical micelle temperatures (TCMT) along with the decreased micellization enthalpy (ΔHmic) and entropy (ΔSmic) for the cyclized species. Furthermore, the transmittance and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements indicated a block sequence-dependent effect on the clouding phenomena, where a profound decrease in cloud point (Tc) was only found for the copolymers with a hydrophilic–hydrophobic–hydrophilic block sequence. Thus, the effect of cyclization on these critical temperatures was manifested differently depending on its block sequence. Finally, a comparison of the linear hydroxy-terminated, methoxy-terminated, and cyclized species indicated the effect of cyclization to be unique from a simple elimination of the terminal hydrophilic moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Watanabe
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.W.); (Y.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Yubo Wang
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.W.); (Y.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Tomoko Ono
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.O.); (T.I.); (K.T.); (T.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Satoru Chimura
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.W.); (Y.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Takuya Isono
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.O.); (T.I.); (K.T.); (T.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.O.); (T.I.); (K.T.); (T.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.O.); (T.I.); (K.T.); (T.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Shin-ichiro Sato
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.O.); (T.I.); (K.T.); (T.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Daichi Ida
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura 615-8510, Kyoto, Japan;
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.O.); (T.I.); (K.T.); (T.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Mohapatra S, An J, Gómez-Bombarelli R. Chemistry-informed macromolecule graph representation for similarity computation, unsupervised and supervised learning. MACHINE LEARNING: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-2153/ac545e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The near-infinite chemical diversity of natural and artificial macromolecules arises from the vast range of possible component monomers, linkages, and polymers topologies. This enormous variety contributes to the ubiquity and indispensability of macromolecules but hinders the development of general machine learning methods with macromolecules as input. To address this, we developed a chemistry-informed graph representation of macromolecules that enables quantifying structural similarity, and interpretable supervised learning for macromolecules. Our work enables quantitative chemistry-informed decision-making and iterative design in the macromolecular chemical space.
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17
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Zhou J, Yang J, Ishaq MW, Li L. Study of Linear and Cyclic Graft Polystyrenes with Identical Backbone Contour in Dilute Solutions: Preparation, Characterization, and Conformational Properties. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Zhou
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- Food Science and Processing Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinxian Yang
- Food Science and Processing Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas Ishaq
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Lianwei Li
- Food Science and Processing Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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18
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Xu G, Zhang J, Jia R, Li W, Zhang A. Topological Effects of Dendronized Polymers on Their Thermoresponsiveness and Microconfinement. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai 20444, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai 20444, China
| | - Ruitong Jia
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai 20444, China
| | - Wen Li
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai 20444, China
| | - Afang Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory of Biomimetic & Smart Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 99, Shanghai 20444, China
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19
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Nagao M, Hoshino Y, Miura Y. Synthesis of well-defined cyclic glycopolymers and the relationship between their physical properties and their interaction with lectins. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00941b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The suppressed molecular mobility of the cyclic glycopolymers was found to weaken their interactions with target proteins, demonstrating the influence of polymer topology on molecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nagao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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20
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21
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Qiang Y, Li W. Accelerated Method of Self-Consistent Field Theory for the Study of Gaussian Ring-Type Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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22
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Yang PB, Davidson MG, Edler KJ, Brown S. Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Bio-Based Cyclic Aliphatic Polyesters. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3649-3667. [PMID: 34415743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic polymers have long been reported in the literature, but their development has often been stunted by synthetic difficulties such as the presence of linear contaminants. Research into the synthesis of these polymers has made great progress in the past decade, and this review covers the synthesis, properties, and applications of cyclic polymers, with an emphasis on bio-based aliphatic polyesters. Synthetic routes to cyclic polymers synthesized from bioderived monomers, alongside mechanistic descriptions for both ring closure and ring expansion polymerization approaches, are reviewed. The review also highlights some of the unique physical properties of cyclic polymers together with potential applications. The findings illustrate the substantial recent developments made in the syntheses of cyclic polymers, as well as the progress which can be made in the commercialization of bio-based polymers through the versatility this topology provides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip B Yang
- University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY United Kingdom
| | | | - Karen J Edler
- University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY United Kingdom
| | - Steven Brown
- Scott Bader, Wollaston, Wellingborough, NN29 7RJ, United Kingdom
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23
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Zhao Y, Zhu S, Liao C, Wang Y, Lam JWY, Zhou X, Wang X, Xie X, Tang BZ. Cobalt-Mediated Switchable Catalysis for the One-Pot Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16974-16979. [PMID: 34013603 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A cobalt salen pentenoate complex [salen=(R,R)-N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tertbutylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine] is rationally designed as the catalyst for the ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of epoxides/anhydrides/CO2 . Via migratory insertion of carbon monoxide (CO) into the Co-O bonds, the ROCOP-active species α-alkene-ω-O-CoIII (salen) can be rapidly and quantitatively transformed into α-alkene-ω-O2 C-CoIII (salen) telechelic linear precursors. Upon dilution of reaction mixtures, the homolytic cleavage of Co-C bonds induced by visible light generates α-alkene acyl radicals that spontaneously undergo intramolecular radical addition to afford organocobalt-functionalized cyclic polyesters and CO2 -based polycarbonates with excellent regioselectivity. The cyclic products can either react with radical scavengers to generate metal-free cyclic polymers or serve as photo-initiators for organometallic-mediated radical polymerization (OMRP) to produce tadpole-shaped copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Can Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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24
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Zhao Y, Zhu S, Liao C, Wang Y, Lam JWY, Zhou X, Wang X, Xie X, Tang BZ. Cobalt‐Mediated Switchable Catalysis for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Can Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, CAS Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
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25
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Javan Nikkhah S, Thompson D. Molecular Modelling Guided Modulation of Molecular Shape and Charge for Design of Smart Self-Assembled Polymeric Drug Transporters. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:141. [PMID: 33499130 PMCID: PMC7912381 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine employs molecular materials for prevention and treatment of disease. Recently, smart nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery systems were developed for the advanced transport of drug molecules. Rationally engineered organic and inorganic NP platforms hold the promise of improving drug targeting, solubility, prolonged circulation, and tissue penetration. However, despite great progress in the synthesis of NP building blocks, more interdisciplinary research is needed to understand their self-assembly and optimize their performance as smart nanocarriers. Multi-scale modeling and simulations provide a valuable ally to experiment by mapping the potential energy landscape of self-assembly, translocation, and delivery of smart drug-loaded NPs. Here, we highlight key recent advances to illustrate the concepts, methods, and applications of smart polymer-based NP drug delivery. We summarize the key design principles emerging for advanced multifunctional polymer topologies, illustrating how the unusual architecture and chemistry of dendritic polymers, self-assembling polyelectrolytes and cyclic polymers can provide exceptional drug delivery platforms. We provide a roadmap outlining the opportunities and challenges for the effective use of predictive multiscale molecular modeling techniques to accelerate the development of smart polymer-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sousa Javan Nikkhah
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
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26
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Jakhar V, Pal D, Ghiviriga I, Abboud KA, Lester DW, Sumerlin BS, Veige AS. Tethered Tungsten-Alkylidenes for the Synthesis of Cyclic Polynorbornene via Ring Expansion Metathesis: Unprecedented Stereoselectivity and Trapping of Key Catalytic Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1235-1246. [PMID: 33417768 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This report describes an approach for preparing tethered tungsten-imido alkylidene complexes featuring a tetra-anionic pincer ligand. Treating the tungsten alkylidyne [tBuOCO]W≡CtBu(THF)2 (1) with isocyanates (RNCO; R = tBu, Cy, and Ph) leads to cycloaddition occurring exclusively at the C═N bond to generate the tethered tungsten-imido alkylidenes (6-NR). Unanticipated intermediates reveal themselves, including the discovery of [(O2CtBuC═)W(η2-(N,C)-RNCO)(THF)] (11-R) and an unprecedented decarbonylation product [(tBuOCO)W(≡NR)(tBuCCO)] (14-R), on the pathway to the formation of 6-NR. Complex 11-R is kinetically stable for sterically bulky isocyanate R = tBu (11-tBu) and is isolated and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Finally, adding to the short list of catalysts capable of ring expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP), complexes 6-NR and 11-tBu are active for the stereoselective synthesis of cyclic polynorbornene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Jakhar
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Digvijayee Pal
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Daniel W Lester
- Polymer Characterization Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Adam S Veige
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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27
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Trachsel L, Ramakrishna SN, Romio M, Spencer ND, Benetti EM. Topology and Molecular Architecture of Polyelectrolytes Determine Their pH-Responsiveness When Assembled on Surfaces. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:90-97. [PMID: 35548981 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polymer composition and topology of surface-grafted polyacids determine the amplitude of their pH-induced swelling transition. The intrinsic steric constraints characterizing cyclic poly(2-carboxypropyl-2-oxazoline) (c-PCPOXA) and poly(2-carboxyethyl-2-oxazoline) (c-PCEOXA) forming brushes on Au surfaces induce an enhancement in repulsive interactions between charged polymer segments upon deprotonation, leading to an amplified expansion and a significant increment in swelling with respect to their linear analogues of similar molar mass. On the other hand, it is the composition of polyacid grafts that governs their hydration in both undissociated and ionized forms, determining the degree of swelling during their pH-induced transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucca Trachsel
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shivaprakash N. Ramakrishna
- Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Romio
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas D. Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M. Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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28
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Aoki D, Ajiro H. Clarification of the effects of topological isomers on the mechanical strength of comb polyurethane. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated the mechanical enhancement behavior of the comb polyurethanes by the topological isomer system between the linear and comb polyurethane. Also, we assumed the mechanical enhancement mechanism by the rheological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Aoki
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Nara 630-0192
- Japan
| | - Hiroharu Ajiro
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Nara 630-0192
- Japan
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29
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Kusuyama N, Daito Y, Kubota H, Kametani Y, Ouchi M. Construction of ring-based architectures via ring-expansion cationic polymerization and post-polymerization modification: design of cyclic initiators from divinyl ether and dicarboxylic acid. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00209k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Topologically unique polymers such as tadpole and figure-eight polymers were synthesized via ring-expansion cationic polymerization (RECP) of vinyl ether with a functionalized cyclic initiator, followed by post-polymerization modification (PPM) reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kusuyama
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yuji Daito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kubota
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yuki Kametani
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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30
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Daito Y, Kojima R, Kusuyama N, Kohsaka Y, Ouchi M. Magnesium bromide (MgBr 2) as a catalyst for living cationic polymerization and ring-expansion cationic polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01584a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium bromide (MgBr2) was found to be an effective catalyst for the ring-expansion cationic polymerizations of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) initiated by a “cyclic” hemiacetal ester (HAE) bond-based initiator leading to the syntheses of cyclic poly(IBVE)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Daito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Reina Kojima
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kusuyama
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kohsaka
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM)
- Shinshu University
- Japan
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology
- Shinshu University
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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31
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Trachsel L, Romio M, Zenobi-Wong M, Benetti EM. Hydrogels Generated from Cyclic Poly(2-Oxazoline)s Display Unique Swelling and Mechanical Properties. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000658. [PMID: 33326133 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic macromolecules do not feature chain ends and are characterized by a higher effective intramolecular repulsion between polymer segments, leading to a higher excluded-volume effect and greater hydration with respect to their linear counterparts. As a result of these unique properties, hydrogels composed of cross-linked cyclic polymers feature enhanced mechanical strength while simultaneously incorporating more solvent with respect to networks formed from their linear analogues with identical molar mass and chemical composition. The translation of topology effects by cyclic polymers into the properties of polymer networks provides hydrogels that ideally do not include defects, such as dangling chain ends, and display unprecedented physicochemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucca Trachsel
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Romio
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.,Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St., Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.,Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St., Gallen, Switzerland
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32
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Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Controlled/living radical polymerization): From discovery to materials design and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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33
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Golba B, Benetti EM, De Geest BG. Biomaterials applications of cyclic polymers. Biomaterials 2020; 267:120468. [PMID: 33120171 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic polymers are an intriguing class of polymers due to their lack of chain ends. This unique architecture combined with steric constraints adorn cyclic polymers as well as nano-, micro- and macro-scale materials containing cyclic polymers with distinctive physicochemical properties which can have a profound effect on the performance of these materials in a wide range of applications. Within a biomedical context, biomaterials based on cyclic polymers have shown very distinct properties in terms of biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, drug/gene delivery efficiency and surface activity. This review summarizes the applications of cyclic polymers in the field of biomaterials and highlights their potential in the biomedical field as well as addressing future challenges in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Golba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bruno G De Geest
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
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