1
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Yang H, Wang D. Comparing Surface and Bulk Curing Processes of an Epoxy Vitrimer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38470965 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
We used atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) and nanomechanical mapping (AFM-NM) to image the surface of a vitrimer, specifically dicarboxylic acid-cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), to assess the curing process of a surface layer and compared this to the process in the bulk. We identified the β-hydroxy esters with various functionalities that are the key to form the cross-links for a system, including difunctional DGEBA and carboxylic acids. The IR peaks of the carbonyl group in generated ester groups are distinguished clearly from those in acids, allowing us to quantitatively assess the curing process at the surface and in the bulk. The initial curing at the surface exhibits a gradual cross-linking and is found to be lower than a rapid cross-linking in the bulk due to a relatively lower concentration of the β-hydroxy esters with high functionalities. This curing process leads to a smaller chemically and mechanically heterogeneous nanostructure at the surface relative to the bulk. After multiple reprocessings, a substantial number of esters lacking dynamic exchange capability form in the bulk, which decrease the flowability and reprocessability of the vitrimers and therefore the mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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2
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Wink R, Majumdar S, van Benthem RATM, Heuts JPA, Sijbesma RP. RNA-inspired phosphate diester dynamic covalent networks. Polym Chem 2023; 14:4294-4302. [PMID: 38013800 PMCID: PMC10520920 DOI: 10.1039/d3py00867c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Neighboring group assisted rearrangement substantially increases relaxation rates in dynamic covalent networks, allowing easier (re)processing of these materials. In this work, we introduce a dynamic covalent network with anionic phosphate diesters as the sole dynamic group, incorporating β-hydroxy groups as a neighboring group, mimicking the self-cleaving backbone structure of RNA. The diester-based networks have slightly slower dynamics, but significantly better hydrolytic (and thermal) stability than analogous phosphate triester-based networks. Catalysis by the β-hydroxy group is vital for fast network rearrangement to occur, while the nature of the counterion has a negligible effect on the relaxation rate. Variable temperature 31P solid-state NMR demonstrated a dissociative bond rearrangement mechanism to be operative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Wink
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Soumabrata Majumdar
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Rolf A T M van Benthem
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry. Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Shell Energy Transition Center Amsterdam Grasweg 31 1031 HW Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Johan P A Heuts
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Rint P Sijbesma
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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3
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Zhang H, van Hertrooij A, Schnitzer T, Chen Y, Majumdar S, van Benthem RATM, Sijbesma RP, Heuts JPA. Benzene Tetraamide: A Covalent Supramolecular Dual Motif in Dynamic Covalent Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2023; 56:6452-6460. [PMID: 37637305 PMCID: PMC10448746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In dynamic polyamide networks, 1,2,4,5-benzene tetraamide (B4A) units act simultaneously as a dynamic covalent cross-linker and as supramolecular stacking motif. This results in materials with a rubbery plateau modulus that is about 20 times higher than that of a corresponding reference network in which the supramolecular interaction is suppressed. In branched polyamides with the same B4A dynamic motif, hydrogen bonding and stacking lead to strong and reversible supramolecular networks, whereas a branched polyamide with the nonstacking reference linker is a viscous liquid under the same conditions. Wide-angle X-ray scattering and variable-temperature infrared experiments confirm that covalent cross-linking and stacking cooperatively contribute to the dynamics of the network. Stress relaxation in the reference network is dominated by a single mode related to the dynamic covalent chemistry, whereas relaxation in the B4A network has additional modes assigned to the stacking dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Zhang
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems & Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek van Hertrooij
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems & Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Schnitzer
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems & Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yinjun Chen
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems & Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Soumabrata Majumdar
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems & Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf A. T. M. van Benthem
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- PTX-C,
Shell Technology Center Amsterdam, Grasweg 31, 1031 HW Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - Rint P. Sijbesma
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems & Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Johan P. A. Heuts
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems & Laboratory of Macromolecular and
Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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4
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Dertnig C, Guedes de la Cruz G, Neshchadin D, Schlögl S, Griesser T. Blocked Phosphates as Photolatent Catalysts for Dynamic Photopolymer Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215525. [PMID: 36421065 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
While latent catalysts are a well-established strategy for initiating and controlling the rate of polymerization reactions, their use in dynamic polymer networks is still in its infancy. The ideal latent catalyst should be thermally stable and release a highly active species in response to an external trigger. Here, we have synthesized a temperature resistant (>200 °C) organic phosphate with a photolabile o-nitrobenzyl protecting group that can be cleaved by UV light. Introduced in a visible light curable thiol-click photopolymer, the sequence-dependent λ-orthogonality of the curing and cleavage enables an efficient network formation at 451 nm, without premature release of the catalyst. Once cured, irradiation at 372 nm spatiotemporally activates the phosphate, which catalyzes transesterifications at elevated temperature. The formed catalyst has no effect on the thermal stability of the polymeric network and allows the activation of bond exchange reactions in selected domains of printed 3D objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Dertnig
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto-Glöckel-Straße 2, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Gema Guedes de la Cruz
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto-Glöckel-Straße 2, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Dmytro Neshchadin
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Schlögl
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstraße 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Thomas Griesser
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto-Glöckel-Straße 2, 8700, Leoben, Austria
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5
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Chen Y, Zeng Y, Wu Y, Chen T, Qiu R, Liu W. Flame-Retardant and Recyclable Soybean Oil-Based Thermosets Enabled by the Dynamic Phosphate Ester and Tannic Acid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5963-5973. [PMID: 36650640 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The demands of safety and sustainability have driven the development of intrinsic flame-retardant biobased polymers from renewable materials. Herein, a mechanically robust, good flame-retardant, and recyclable thermoset was developed from renewable epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) by using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate (HEMAP) as the reactive flame retardant and tannic acid (TA) as the charring agent. The flame resistance of the obtained ESO-based thermoset achieved the highest UL-94 of V-0 rating and a limited oxygen index value of 26.7% due to the synergistic flame-retardant effect of phosphate and TA. The flame-retardant mechanisms of the gaseous phase and condensed phase were fully investigated by thermogravimetric infrared, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectra. It is confirmed that the incorporation of phosphate and TA could effectively promote the formation of dense carbon layers and delay the pyrolysis of long aliphatic chains. The ternary crosslinking of ESO, HEMAP, and TA via free-radical polymerization and epoxy-ring opening reaction resulted in a rigid network with a high crosslink density, bestowing the thermoset with superior tensile strength (20.0 MPa), flexural strength (36.3 MPa), and bonding strength (16.7 MPa on steel). Moreover, the ESO-based thermoset exhibited a fast stress relaxation behavior due to the transesterification of dynamic β-hydroxyl phosphate esters, which enables the network with thermal-healing ability and recyclability. This study explores a feasible method to prepare an intrinsic flame-retardant polymer from commercially available and renewable vegetable oils and natural polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Chen
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350108, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zeng
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350108, P. R. China
| | - Yuchao Wu
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350108, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Chen
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350108, P. R. China
| | - Renhui Qiu
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350108, P. R. China
| | - Wendi Liu
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350108, P. R. China
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6
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Kumar A, Connal LA. Biobased Transesterification Vitrimers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200892. [PMID: 36661130 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in the use of plastics and the related sustainability issues, including the depletion of global petroleum reserves, have rightly sparked interest in the use of biobased polymer feedstocks. Thermosets cannot be remolded, processed, or recycled, and hence cannot be reused because of their permanent molecular architecture. Vitrimers have emerged as a novel polymer family capable of bridging the difference between thermoplastic and thermosets. Vitrimers enable unique recycling strategies, however, it is still important to understand where the raw material feedstocks originate from. Transesterification vitrimers derived from renewable resources are a massive opportunity, however, limited research has been conducted in this specific family of vitrimers. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of transesterification vitrimers produced from biobased monomers. The focus is on the biomass structural suitability with dynamic covalent chemistry, as well as the viability of the synthetic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Luke A Connal
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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7
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Lu JH, Li Z, Chen JH, Li SL, He JH, Gu S, Liu BW, Chen L, Wang YZ. Adaptable Phosphate Networks towards Robust, Reprocessable, Weldable, and Alertable-Yet-Extinguishable Epoxy Vitrimer. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9846940. [PMID: 36299449 PMCID: PMC9575472 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9846940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) combine the uniqueness of thermoplastics and thermosets to allow for reprocessability while being covalently crosslinked. However, it is highly desirable but rarely achieved for CANs to simultaneously demonstrate reversibility and mechanical robustness. Herein, we report a feasible strategy to develop a novel epoxy vitrimer (EV) composed of adaptable phosphate networks (APNs), by which the EVs exhibit promising mechanical properties (tensile strength of 62.5 ~ 87.8 MPa and tensile modulus of 1360.1 ~ 2975.3 MPa) under ambient conditions. At elevated temperatures, the topology rearrangement occurs relied on phosphate transesterification, which contributes to the shape memory performance, self-healing, reprocessing, and welding behaviors. Moreover, the incorporation of APNs allows for improvements in anti-ignition and also the inhibition of both heat release and smoke generation to avoid empyrosis, asphyxiation, and toxication during burning, showing expected intrinsic fire safety. Thermal, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy of the reprocessed EVs after hot pressing are very close to those of the original EVs, which is attributed to the sufficient reversibility of APNs. Accordingly, combining the aforementioned features, EVs are manufactured as flame-triggered switches for fire alarms, which symbolizes the innovative development of high-performance covalent adaptable polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jia-Hui Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shu-Liang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jie-Hao He
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Song Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bo-Wen Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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8
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Guo X, Liu F, Lv M, Chen F, Gao F, Xiong Z, Chen X, Shen L, Lin F, Gao X. Self-Healable Covalently Adaptable Networks Based on Disulfide Exchange. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:3953. [PMID: 36235901 PMCID: PMC9570560 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducing dynamic covalent bonding into thermoset polymers has received considerable attention because they can repair or recover when damaged, thereby minimizing waste and extending the service life of thermoset polymers. However, most of the yielded dynamic covalent bonds require an extra catalyst, high temperature and high-pressure conditions to trigger their self-healing properties. Herein, we report on a catalyst-free bis-dynamic covalent polymer network containing vinylogous urethane and disulfide bonds. It is revealed that the introduction of disulfide bonds significantly reduces the activation energy (reduced from 94 kJ/mol to 51 kJ/mol) of the polymer system for exchanging and promotes the self-healing efficiency (with a high efficiency of 86.92% after being heated at 100 °C for 20 h) of the material. More importantly, the mechanical properties of the healed materials are comparable to those of the initial ones due to the special bis-dynamic covalent polymer network. These results suggest that the bis-dynamic covalent polymer network made of disulfide and inter-vinyl ester bonds opens a new strategy for developing high-performance vitrimer polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Guo
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Fengbiao Chen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Zhenhua Xiong
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Faman Lin
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Xuelang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
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9
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van der Tol JB, Vantomme G, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Controlling the Processability and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers Using the Interplay of Intra- and Intermolecular Interactions. Macromolecules 2022; 55:6820-6829. [PMID: 35966115 PMCID: PMC9367003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymer networks crosslinked via non-covalent interactions afford interesting materials for a wide range of applications due to their self-healing capability, recyclability, and tunable material properties. However, when strong non-covalent binding motifs in combination with high crosslink density are used, processing of the materials becomes troublesome because of high viscosities and the formation of insoluble gels. Here, we present an approach to control the processability of grafted polymers containing strong non-covalent interactions by balancing the interplay of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. A library of copolymers with different degrees of polymerization and content of protected ureido-pyrimidinone-urea (UPy-urea) grafts was prepared. Photo-deprotection in a good solvent like tetrahydrofuran (THF) at low concentrations (≤1 mg mL-1) created intramolecularly assembled nanoparticles. Remarkably, the intrinsic viscosity of these nanoparticle solutions was an order of magnitude lower compared to solutions of the intermolecularly assembled analogues, highlighting the crucial role of intra- versus intermolecular interactions. Due to the strong hydrogen bonds between UPy dimers, the intramolecularly assembled structures were kinetically trapped. As a result, the polymer nanoparticles were readily processed into a bulk material, without causing major changes in the morphology as verified by atomic force microscopy. Subsequent intermolecular crosslinking of the nanoparticle film, by heating to temperatures where the hydrogen-bond exchange becomes fast, resulted in a crosslinked network. The reversibility of the hereby obtained polymer networks was shown by retrieving the intramolecularly assembled nanoparticles via redissolution and sonication of the intermolecularly crosslinked film in THF with a small amount of acid. Our results highlight that the stability and processability of highly supramolecularly crosslinked polymers can be controlled both in solution and in bulk by using the interplay of intra- and intermolecular non-covalent interactions in grafted polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost
J. B. van der Tol
- Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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10
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Lee HJ, Cho WY, Lee HC, Seo YH, Baek JW, Lee PC, Lee BY. Rapid Biodegradable Ionic Aggregates of Polyesters Constructed with Fertilizer Ingredients. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15911-15915. [PMID: 35938930 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic biodegradable polyesters tend to undergo slow biodegradation under ambient natural conditions and, hence, have been rejected or even banned recently in ecofriendly applications. Here, we demonstrate the preparation of polyesters exhibiting enhanced biodegradability, which were generated through a combination of old controversial macromolecules and aggregate theories. H3PO4-catalyzed diacid/diol polycondensation afforded polyester chains bearing chain-end -CH2OP(O)(OH)2 and inner-chain (-CH2O)2P(O)(OH) groups, which were subsequently treated with M(2-ethylhexanoate)2 (M = Zn, Mg, Mn, and Ca) to form ionic aggregates of polyesters. The prepared ionic aggregates of polyesters, which were constructed with fertilizer ingredients (such as M2+ and phosphate), exhibit much faster biodegradability than that of the conventional polyesters under controlled soil conditions at 25 °C, while displaying comparable or superior rheological and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Woo Yeon Cho
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Hong Cheol Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Yeong Hyun Seo
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Jun Won Baek
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Pyung Cheon Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Bun Yeoul Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
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11
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Cheng L, Zhao X, Zhao J, Liu S, Yu W. Structure and Dynamics of Associative Exchange Dynamic Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sijun Liu
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Yu
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Chen Y, Zhang H, Majumdar S, van Benthem RA, Heuts JPA, Sijbesma RP. Dynamic Polyamide Networks via Amide-Imide Exchange. Macromolecules 2021; 54:9703-9711. [PMID: 34720191 PMCID: PMC8552437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The diamide-imide equilibrium was successfully exploited for the synthesis of dynamic covalent polymer networks in which a dissociative bond exchange mechanism leads to high processibility at temperatures above ≈110 °C. Dynamic covalent networks bridge the gap between thermosets and thermoplastic polymers. At the operating temperature, when the network is fixed, dynamic covalent networks are elastic solids, while at high temperatures, chemical exchange reactions turn the network into a processible viscoelastic material. Upon heating a dissociative network, the viscosity may also decrease due to a shift of the chemical equilibrium; in such materials, the balance between processibility and excessive flow is important. In this study, a network is prepared that upon heating to above ≈110 °C dissociates to a significant extent due to a shift in the amide-imide equilibrium of a bisimide, pyromellitic diimide, in combination with poly(tetrahydrofuran) diamines. At room temperature, the resulting materials are elastic rubbers with a tensile modulus of 2-10 MPa, and they become predominantly viscous above a temperature of approximately 110 °C, which is dependent on the stoichiometry of the components. The diamide-imide equilibrium was studied in model reactions with NMR, and variable temperature infrared (IR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the temperature dependence of the equilibrium in the network. The temperature-dependent mechanical properties of the networks were found to be fully reversible, and the material could be reprocessed several times without loss of properties such as modulus or strain at break. The high processibility of these networks at elevated temperatures creates opportunities in additive manufacturing applications such as selective laser sintering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjun Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Huiyi Zhang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Soumabrata Majumdar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf A.T.M. van Benthem
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- DSM
Materials Science Center, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan P. A. Heuts
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rint P. Sijbesma
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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13
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Guo X, Gao F, Chen F, Zhong J, Shen L, Lin C, Lin Y. Dynamic Enamine-one Bond Based Vitrimer via Amino-yne Click Reaction. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1186-1190. [PMID: 35549045 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the fabrication of a dynamic enamine-one bond based vitrimer through amino-yne click chemistry. In contrast to amine-acetoacetate condensation, the amino-yne click reaction yields a dynamic enamine-one motif that is composed of cis/trans (3:1) isomers and has a relatively lower activation energy (35 ± 3 kJ/mol vs 59 ± 6 kJ/mol), owing to the absence of a methyl substituent. The resulting vitrimer network has superior mechanical properties and faster dynamic exchange than that of a reference vitrimer derived from amine-acetoacetate condensation, and they are attributed to the fewer network defects and the less sterically hindered exchange reaction, respectively. Lastly, the efficient amino-yne click reaction is demonstrated to be compatible with the secondary-amine substrate, which has a low reactivity toward the amine-acetoacetate condensation. The efficient and side product-free amino-yne reaction offers a powerful chemical tool for vitrimer fabrication and is potentially desirable for sealing and adhesion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Guo
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P. R. China
| | - Fei Gao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P. R. China
| | - Fengbiao Chen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhong
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P. R. China
| | - Liang Shen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P. R. China
| | - Cong Lin
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, P. R. China
| | - Yangju Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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14
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15
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Lv G, Soman B, Shan N, Evans CM, Cahill DG. Effect of Linker Length and Temperature on the Thermal Conductivity of Ethylene Dynamic Networks. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1088-1093. [PMID: 35549079 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent networks are a class of polymers containing exchangeable bonds. The influence of the thermodynamics and kinetics of dynamic bond exchange on the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of dynamic networks is important for understanding how they differ from thermoplastics and thermosets. In this work, a series of ethylene dynamic networks are synthesized from benzene diboronic acid and alkane diols with different precise ethylene linker lengths. The thermal conductivity of these ethylene dynamic networks at 40 °C decreases from 0.19 to 0.095 W/(m K) when the ethylene linker length increases from 4 to 12 carbons. The thermal conductivity also has a strong temperature dependence, decreasing by a factor of 3 over the temperature range from -80 °C to 100 °C. The minimum thermal conductivity model predicts these trends of the thermal conductivity with variations in ethylene linker length and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Lv
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Bhaskar Soman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Naisong Shan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - David G. Cahill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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16
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Huang L, Yang Y, Niu Z, Wu R, Fan W, Dai Q, He J, Bai C. Catalyst-Free Vitrimer Cross-Linked by Biomass-Derived Compounds with Mechanical Robustness, Reprocessability, and Multishape Memory Effects. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100432. [PMID: 34524718 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitrimerization of thermoset polymers plays an important role in addressing resource recovery and reuse. Vitrimer elastomers with good mechanical properties often require well-designed crosslinking agents or fillers, but this increases processing complexity or reduces vitrimer dynamic properties. In this report, a simple green strategy to build a strong vitrimer elastomer is designed. Commercially available epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) is cross-linked with biomass-derived D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphoric acid to get a vitrimer elastomer cross-linked by β-hydroxy phosphate ester bonds and has abundant hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds can preferentially break and dissipate energy under external forces, which makes the sample robust. The topological network can be reformed at high temperatures through the dynamic exchange of β-hydroxy phosphate ester bonds, which gives the material malleability and recyclability. In addition, through the strategy of combining reprocessing and welding, multiple shape memory effects can be achieved in one postprocessing step. Considering that a variety of commercially available epoxy polymers are easily available, it is believed that this strategy can be a simple and versatile way to enable commercial epoxy polymers to achieve green crosslinking through biomass crosslink agents, which results in robust and recyclable vitrimers based on β-hydroxy phosphate bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Huang
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yinxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zhen Niu
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ruiyao Wu
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Weifeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Quanquan Dai
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jianyun He
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Chenxi Bai
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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17
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Li Q, Ma S, Li P, Wang B, Yu Z, Feng H, Liu Y, Zhu J. Fast Reprocessing of Acetal Covalent Adaptable Networks with High Performance Enabled by Neighboring Group Participation. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Division of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Songqi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Division of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Division of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Binbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Division of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Division of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Division of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Division of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Division of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
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18
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Majumdar S, Mezari B, Zhang H, van Aart J, van Benthem RATM, Heuts JPA, Sijbesma RP. Efficient Exchange in a Bioinspired Dynamic Covalent Polymer Network via a Cyclic Phosphate Triester Intermediate. Macromolecules 2021; 54:7955-7962. [PMID: 34552277 PMCID: PMC8444552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bond exchange via neighboring group-assisted reactions in dynamic covalent networks results in efficient mechanical relaxation. In Nature, the high reactivity of RNA toward nucleophilic substitution is largely attributed to the formation of a cyclic phosphate ester intermediate via neighboring group participation. We took inspiration from RNA to develop a dynamic covalent network based on β-hydroxyl-mediated transesterifications of hydroxyethyl phosphate triesters. A simple one-step synthetic strategy provided a network containing phosphate triesters with a pendant hydroxyethyl group. 31P solid-state NMR demonstrated that a cyclic phosphate triester is an intermediate in transesterification, leading to dissociative network rearrangement. Significant viscous flow at 60-100 °C makes the material suitable for fast processing via extrusion and compression molding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumabrata Majumdar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Brahim Mezari
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Materials
and Catalysis, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Huiyi Zhang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Aart
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf A. T. M. van Benthem
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- DSM
Materials Science Center, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan P. A. Heuts
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rint P. Sijbesma
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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19
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Wu S, Yang H, Xu WS, Chen Q. Thermodynamics and Reaction Kinetics of Symmetric Vitrimers Based on Dioxaborolane Metathesis. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
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20
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21
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Zheng N, Xu Y, Zhao Q, Xie T. Dynamic Covalent Polymer Networks: A Molecular Platform for Designing Functions beyond Chemical Recycling and Self-Healing. Chem Rev 2021; 121:1716-1745. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Maassen EEL, Heuts JPA, Sijbesma RP. Reversible crosslinking and fast stress relaxation in dynamic polymer networks via transalkylation using 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2] octane. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00292a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A dynamic covalent network using transalkylation of benzyl-DABCO crosslinkers features fast relaxation with a very strong temperature dependence. The network is de-crosslinked by an excess of DABCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline E. L. Maassen
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
| | - Johan P. A. Heuts
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
| | - Rint P. Sijbesma
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
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