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Huang Y, You C, Hong B, Han X, Weng Z. One-Pot Assembly of 2-Trifluoromethyl Benzothiazole and Benzoselenazole via Copper-Mediated Three-Component Cascade Reaction. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400331. [PMID: 38576218 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
A domino one-pot synthesis of 2-(trifluoromethyl) benzothiazole via copper-mediated three-component cascade reaction starting from the easily accessible starting materials such as o-iodoanilines, methyl trifluoropyruvate, and elemental sulfur is reported. The present strategy displayed a comprehensive substrate scope and good functional group tolerance and enabled access to a variety of substituted 2-(trifluoromethyl) benzothiazoles. A 2-(trifluoromethyl) benzoselenazole has also been synthesized utilizing this reaction methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Huang
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, and Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese lacquer Material, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Chenhui You
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Biqiong Hong
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, and Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese lacquer Material, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Testing and Analysis Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhiqiang Weng
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Green Materials and Chemical Engineering, and Fujian Engineering Research Center of New Chinese lacquer Material, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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2
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Pettersson M, Johnson DS, Humphrey JM, Am Ende CW, Butler TW, Dorff PH, Efremov IV, Evrard E, Green ME, Helal CJ, Kauffman GW, Mullins PB, Navaratnam T, O'Donnell CJ, O'Sullivan TJ, Patel NC, Stepan AF, Stiff CM, Subramanyam C, Trapa P, Tran TP, Vetelino BC, Yang E, Xie L, Pustilnik LR, Steyn SJ, Wood KM, Bales KR, Hajos-Korcsok E, Verhoest PR. Discovery of Clinical Candidate PF-06648671: A Potent γ-Secretase Modulator for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10248-10262. [PMID: 38848667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of γ-secretase modulator (GSM) clinical candidate PF-06648671 (22) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A key component of the design involved a 2,5-cis-tetrahydrofuran (THF) linker to impart conformational rigidity and lock the compound into a putative bioactive conformation. This effort was guided using a pharmacophore model since crystallographic information was not available for the membrane-bound γ-secretase protein complex at the time of this work. PF-06648671 achieved excellent alignment of whole cell in vitro potency (Aβ42 IC50 = 9.8 nM) and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) parameters. This resulted in favorable in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) profile in preclinical species, and PF-06648671 achieved a human PK profile suitable for once-a-day dosing. Furthermore, PF-06648671 was found to have favorable brain availability in rodent, which translated into excellent central exposure in human and robust reduction of amyloid β (Aβ) 42 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pettersson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Douglas S Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John M Humphrey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Todd W Butler
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Peter H Dorff
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ivan V Efremov
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Edelweiss Evrard
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael E Green
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher J Helal
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory W Kauffman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patrick B Mullins
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thayalan Navaratnam
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Theresa J O'Sullivan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nandini C Patel
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Antonia F Stepan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cory M Stiff
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Patrick Trapa
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tuan P Tran
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Beth Cooper Vetelino
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Eddie Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Longfei Xie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Leslie R Pustilnik
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Stefanus J Steyn
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kathleen M Wood
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kelly R Bales
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eva Hajos-Korcsok
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patrick R Verhoest
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Cecere G, Guasch L, Olivares-Morales AM, Umehara K, Stepan AF. LipMetE (Lipophilic Metabolism Efficiency) as a Simple Guide for Half-Life and Dosing Regimen Prediction of Oral Drugs. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1444-1451. [PMID: 36105329 PMCID: PMC9465707 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vivo half-life is a key property of every drug molecule, as it determines dosing regimens, peak-to-trough ratios and often dose. However, half-life optimization can be challenging due to its multifactorial nature, with in vitro metabolic turnover, plasma protein binding and volume of distribution all impacting half-life. We here propose that the medicinal chemistry design parameter Lipophilic Metabolism Efficiency (LipMetE) can greatly simplify half-life optimization of neutral and basic compounds. Using mathematical transformations, examples from preclinical GABAA projects and clinical compounds with human pharmacokinetic data, we show that LipMetE is directly proportional to the logarithm of half-life. As the design parameter LipMetE can be swiftly calculated using the readily available parameters LogD, intrinsic clearance and fraction unbound in human liver microsomes or hepatocytes, this approach enables rational half-life optimization from the early stages of drug discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cecere
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Guasch
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andres M. Olivares-Morales
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kenichi Umehara
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonia F. Stepan
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Small molecules targeting γ-secretase and their potential biological applications. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Santiago Á, Guzmán-Ocampo DC, Aguayo-Ortiz R, Dominguez L. Characterizing the Chemical Space of γ-Secretase Inhibitors and Modulators. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2765-2775. [PMID: 34291906 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Secretase (GS) is one of the most attractive molecular targets for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its key role in the final step of amyloid-β peptides generation and its relationship in the cascade of events for disease development have caught the attention of many pharmaceutical groups. Over the past years, different inhibitors and modulators have been evaluated as promising therapeutics against AD. However, despite the great chemical diversity of the reported compounds, a global classification and visual representation of the chemical space for GS inhibitors and modulators remain unavailable. In the present work, we carried out a two-dimensional (2D) chemical space analysis from different classes and subclasses of GS inhibitors and modulators based on their structural similarity. Along with the novel structural information available for GS complexes, our analysis opens the possibility to identify compounds with high molecular similarity, critical to finding new chemical structures through the optimization of existing compounds and relating them with a potential binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Santiago
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Dulce C. Guzmán-Ocampo
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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6
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Mehra R, Kepp KP. Computational prediction and molecular mechanism of γ-secretase modulators. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 157:105626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Rynearson KD, Buckle RN, Herr RJ, Mayhew NJ, Chen X, Paquette WD, Sakwa SA, Yang J, Barnes KD, Nguyen P, Mobley WC, Johnson G, Lin JH, Tanzi RE, Wagner SL. Design and synthesis of novel methoxypyridine-derived gamma-secretase modulators. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115734. [PMID: 33007551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of gamma-secretase modulators (GSMs) through the introduction of novel heterocycles with the goal of aligning activity for reducing the levels of Aβ42 and properties consistent with a drug-like molecule are described. The insertion of a methoxypyridine motif within the tetracyclic scaffold provided compounds with improved activity for arresting Aβ42 production as well as improved properties, including solubility. In vivo pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that several compounds within the novel series were capable of crossing the BBB and accessing the therapeutic target. Treatment with methoxypyridine-derived compound 64 reduced Aβ42 levels in the plasma of J20 mice, in addition to reducing Aβ42 levels in the plasma and brain of Tg2576 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Rynearson
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, United States.
| | - Ronald N Buckle
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, AMRI, East Campus, 3 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - R Jason Herr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, AMRI, East Campus, 3 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - Nicholas J Mayhew
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, AMRI, East Campus, 3 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - Xinchao Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, AMRI, East Campus, 3 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - William D Paquette
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, AMRI, East Campus, 3 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - Samuel A Sakwa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, AMRI, East Campus, 3 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - Jinhai Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, AMRI, East Campus, 3 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - Keith D Barnes
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, AMRI, East Campus, 3 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, United States
| | - William C Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, United States
| | - Graham Johnson
- NuPharmAdvise, 3 Lakeside Drive, Sanbornton, NH 03269, United States
| | - Juinn H Lin
- Biopharm Consulting Partners, 2 Willet Drive, Ambler, PA 19002, United States
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
| | - Steven L Wagner
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, United States; Veterans Administrative San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, United States.
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8
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Mandal M, Buevich A, Caldwell JP, Hyde L, Huang X, Liu X, McKittrick B, Mazzola RD, Pissarnitski D, Palani A, Zhang L, Parker E, Xiao L, Rindgen D, Zhu Z. Generation of Leads for γ-Secretase Modulation. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8216-8230. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihirbaran Mandal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Alexei Buevich
- Department of NMR Structure Elucidation, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - John P. Caldwell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lynn Hyde
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xianhai Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xiaoxiang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Brian McKittrick
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert D. Mazzola
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dmitri Pissarnitski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Anandan Palani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Eric Parker
- Department of Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Modeling and Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Diane Rindgen
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Zhaoning Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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Kiani Y, Jabeen I. Lipophilic Metabolic Efficiency (LipMetE) and Drug Efficiency Indices to Explore the Metabolic Properties of the Substrates of Selected Cytochrome P450 Isoforms. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:179-188. [PMID: 31956764 PMCID: PMC6963890 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes belong to a superfamily of heme-containing proteins that are involved in the metabolism of structurally diverse endogenous and exogenous compounds. Various proof-of-concept studies indicate that metabolic stability and intrinsic clearance of CYP450 substrates are linked with the respective lipophilicity (log P or log D). This necessitates the normalization of lipophilicity (log P or log D) of a given CYP450 substrate with respect to its metabolic stability (LipMetE) and intrinsic clearance (log10CLint,u). Therefore, in this article, the LipMetE values of already known substrates of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, including some marketed drugs, have been calculated to elucidate the relationship between lipophilicity (log D 7.4) and in vitro clearance. Moreover, various drug efficiency metrics including lipophilic efficiency (LipE) and ligand efficiency (LE) have been evaluated, and the thresholds of these parameters have been defined for the CYP450 substrates exhibiting normalized LipMetE. Our results indicate that for a given range of LipMetE, greater the log D value of the substrate the more avidly it binds to a given CYP450 enzyme and shows more intrinsic clearance (log10CLint,u). Overall, the majority of the model substrates of CYP450 isoforms and already marketed drugs in our datasets exhibit log D 7.4 values of ∼2.5 with LipMetE values in the range of 0-2.5 and LipE values of ≤3. Overall, consideration of these parameters in ADME profiling could aid in reducing the drug failure rate in the later stages of clinical investigations.
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10
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Lei J, Xu J, Tang DY, Shao JW, Li HY, Chen ZZ, Xu ZG. A concise and unexpected one-pot methodology for the synthesis of pyrazinone-fused pyridones. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00590h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A post-Ugi/Michael/Retro-Michael reaction, aromatization and 5-exo-dig cyclization cascade reaction was developed and utilized for the synthesis of pyrazinone-fused pyridone derivatives under mild reaction conditions in one-pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lei
- College of Pharmacy
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
| | - Jia Xu
- College of Pharmacy
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
| | - Dian-Yong Tang
- College of Pharmacy
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
| | - Jing-Wei Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
- Little Rock
- USA
| | - Hong-yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
- Little Rock
- USA
| | - Zhong-Zhu Chen
- College of Pharmacy
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
| | - Zhi-Gang Xu
- College of Pharmacy
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
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11
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Liu L, Lauro BM, Ding L, Rovere M, Wolfe MS, Selkoe DJ. Multiple BACE1 inhibitors abnormally increase the BACE1 protein level in neurons by prolonging its half-life. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:1183-1194. [PMID: 31416794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is keen interest in elucidating the biological mechanisms underlying recent failures of β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease trials. METHODS We developed a highly sensitive and specific immunoassay for BACE1 in cell lines and iPSC-derived human neurons to systematically analyze the effects of eight clinically relevant BACE1 inhibitors. RESULTS Seven of 8 inhibitors elevated BACE1 protein levels. Among protease inhibitors tested, the elevation was specific to BACE1 inhibitors. The inhibitors did not increase BACE1 transcription but extended the protein's half-life. BACE1 became elevated at concentrations below the IC50 for amyloid β (Aβ). DISCUSSION Elevation of BACE1 by 7 of 8 BACE1 inhibitors raises new concerns about advancing such β-secretase inhibitors for AD. Chronic elevation could lead to intermittently uninhibited BACE1 when orally dosed inhibitors reach trough levels, abnormally increasing substrate processing. Compounds such as roburic acid that lower Aβ by dissociating β/γ secretase complexes are better candidates because they neither inhibit β- and γ-secretase nor increase BACE1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bianca M Lauro
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matteo Rovere
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Wolfe
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Kansas School of Pharmacy, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Kuo YC, Rajesh R. Challenges in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: recent progress and treatment strategies of pharmaceuticals targeting notable pathological factors. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:623-652. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1621750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Rajendiran Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, Republic of China
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13
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Liu Y, Chen XL, Sun K, Li XY, Zeng FL, Liu XC, Qu LB, Zhao YF, Yu B. Visible-Light Induced Radical Perfluoroalkylation/Cyclization Strategy To Access 2-Perfluoroalkylbenzothiazoles/Benzoselenazoles by EDA Complex. Org Lett 2019; 21:4019-4024. [PMID: 31099576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel and practical fluoroalkyl radical-initiated cascade reaction was developed to access diverse 2-fluoroalkylbenzothiazoles by reacting various fluoroalkyl radical sources, including perfluoroalkyl iodide (IC nF2 n+1, n = 3-8, 10), ICF(CF3)2, ICF2COOEt, ICF2CF2Cl, or ICF2CF2Br, tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine (TMEDA), and 2-isocyanoaryl thioethers in tetrahydrofuran under nitrogen atmosphere and blue-light irradiation conditions. Furthermore, this one-pot protocol could well be expanded to access various 2-fluoroalkylbenzoselenazoles starting from (2-isocyanophenyl)(methyl)selane, perfluoroalkyl iodides (IC nF2 n+1, n = 3-8) or ICF2COOEt and TMEDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China.,College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Xinyang Agriculture & Forestry University , Xinyang 464000 , China
| | - Xiao-Lan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China.,The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Kai Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Xiao-Yun Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Fan-Lin Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Xiao-Ceng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Yu-Fen Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China.,The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
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14
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Xie L, Am Ende CW, Pettersson M, Rankic DA, Sach NW, Sakya S, Humphrey JM. Synthesis of Pyridopyrazine-1,6-dione γ-Secretase Modulators via Selective 4-Methylimidazole N 1-Buchwald Arylation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4921-4925. [PMID: 30620601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of pyridopyrazine-1,6-dione γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) is described. Our route features the construction of a crystalline lactone intermediate via a selective palladium-catalyzed 4-methylimidazole N1-arylation using the Buchwald Xantphos Pd G4 precatalyst, which does not require a preactivation step. The weak inorganic base KHCO3 was employed to minimize saponification of a particularly sensitive lactone substrate. Additional key transformations include DABAL-Me3-mediated lactone aminolysis and a mild TBD/ethyl trifluoroacetate mediated lactam ring closure to afford a representative GSM in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Xie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Martin Pettersson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Danica A Rankic
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Neal W Sach
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 10770 Science Center Drive , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Subbas Sakya
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - John M Humphrey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
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15
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Schaduangrat N, Prachayasittikul V, Choomwattana S, Wongchitrat P, Phopin K, Suwanjang W, Malik AA, Vincent B, Nantasenamat C. Multidisciplinary approaches for targeting the secretase protein family as a therapeutic route for Alzheimer's disease. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1730-1778. [PMID: 30628099 DOI: 10.1002/med.21563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The continual increase of the aging population worldwide renders Alzheimer's disease (AD) a global prime concern. Several attempts have been focused on understanding the intricate complexity of the disease's development along with the on- andgoing search for novel therapeutic strategies. Incapability of existing AD drugs to effectively modulate the pathogenesis or to delay the progression of the disease leads to a shift in the paradigm of AD drug discovery. Efforts aimed at identifying AD drugs have mostly focused on the development of disease-modifying agents in which effects are believed to be long lasting. Of particular note, the secretase enzymes, a group of proteases responsible for the metabolism of the β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides production, have been underlined for their promising therapeutic potential. This review article attempts to comprehensively cover aspects related to the identification and use of drugs targeting the secretase enzymes. Particularly, the roles of secretases in the pathogenesis of AD and their therapeutic modulation are provided herein. Moreover, an overview of the drug development process and the contribution of computational (in silico) approaches for facilitating successful drug discovery are also highlighted along with examples of relevant computational works. Promising chemical scaffolds, inhibitors, and modulators against each class of secretases are also summarized herein. Additionally, multitarget secretase modulators are also taken into consideration in light of the current growing interest in the polypharmacology of complex diseases. Finally, challenging issues and future outlook relevant to the discovery of drugs targeting secretases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Schaduangrat
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Veda Prachayasittikul
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saowapak Choomwattana
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center for Research and Innovation, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonrat Phopin
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center for Research and Innovation, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Suwanjang
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center for Research and Innovation, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aijaz Ahmad Malik
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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16
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Yuan Y, Dong W, Gao X, Xie X, Zhang Z. Sodium Sulfite-Involved Photocatalytic Radical Cascade Cyclization of 2-Isocyanoaryl Thioethers: Access to 2-CF2/CF3-Containing Benzothiazoles. Org Lett 2018; 21:469-472. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wuheng Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaomin Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhaoguo Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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17
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Shi WQ, Liu S, Wang CZ, Huang Y, Qing FL, Xu XH. Synthesis of CMe2CF3-Containing Heteroarenes via Tandem 1,1-Dimethyltrifluoroethylation and Cyclization of Isonitriles. J Org Chem 2018; 83:15236-15244. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chen-Ze Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yangen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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18
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Liu S, Huang Y, Qing FL, Xu XH. Transition-Metal-Free Decarboxylation of 3,3,3-Trifluoro-2,2-dimethylpropanoic Acid for the Preparation of C(CF3)Me2-Containing Heteroarenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:5497-5501. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yangen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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19
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Discovery of tetrahydroindazoles as a novel class of potent and in vivo efficacious gamma secretase modulators. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3227-3241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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20
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Meanwell NA. Fluorine and Fluorinated Motifs in the Design and Application of Bioisosteres for Drug Design. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5822-5880. [PMID: 29400967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1298] [Impact Index Per Article: 216.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties and relatively small size of fluorine endow it with considerable versatility as a bioisostere and it has found application as a substitute for lone pairs of electrons, the hydrogen atom, and the methyl group while also acting as a functional mimetic of the carbonyl, carbinol, and nitrile moieties. In this context, fluorine substitution can influence the potency, conformation, metabolism, membrane permeability, and P-gp recognition of a molecule and temper inhibition of the hERG channel by basic amines. However, as a consequence of the unique properties of fluorine, it features prominently in the design of higher order structural metaphors that are more esoteric in their conception and which reflect a more sophisticated molecular construction that broadens biological mimesis. In this Perspective, applications of fluorine in the construction of bioisosteric elements designed to enhance the in vitro and in vivo properties of a molecule are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development P.O. Box 4000, Princeton , New Jersey 08543-4000 , United States
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21
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Johnson DS, Li YM, Pettersson M, St George-Hyslop PH. Structural and Chemical Biology of Presenilin Complexes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a024067. [PMID: 28320827 PMCID: PMC5710098 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a024067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The presenilin proteins are the catalytic subunits of a tetrameric complex containing presenilin 1 or 2, anterior pharynx defective 1 (APH1), nicastrin, and PEN-2. Other components such as TMP21 may exist in a subset of specialized complexes. The presenilin complex is the founding member of a unique class of aspartyl proteases that catalyze the γ, ɛ, ζ site cleavage of the transmembrane domains of Type I membrane proteins including amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Notch. Here, we detail the structural and chemical biology of this unusual enzyme. Taken together, these studies suggest that the complex exists in several conformations, and subtle long-range (allosteric) shifts in the conformation of the complex underpin substrate access to the catalytic site and the mechanism of action for allosteric inhibitors and modulators. Understanding the mechanics of these shifts will facilitate the design of γ-secretase modulator (GSM) compounds that modulate the relative efficiency of γ, ɛ, ζ site cleavage and/or substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S. Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Martin Pettersson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Peter H. St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Building, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
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22
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Rankic DA, Stiff CM, am Ende CW, Humphrey JM. Protocol for the Direct Conversion of Lactones to Lactams Mediated by 1,5,7-Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene: Synthesis of Pyridopyrazine-1,6-diones. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12791-12797. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danica A. Rankic
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cory M. Stiff
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher W. am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John M. Humphrey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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23
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Mukherjee P, Pettersson M, Dutra JK, Xie L, Am Ende CW. Trifluoromethyl Oxetanes: Synthesis and Evaluation as a tert-Butyl Isostere. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1574-1577. [PMID: 28815966 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new trifluoromethyl oxetane was developed using a Corey-Chaykovsky epoxidation/ring-expansion reaction of trifluoromethyl ketones. The reaction was shown to proceed under mild conditions and displays a broad substrate scope. The trifluoromethyl oxetane was also evaluated as a tert-butyl isostere in the context of the γ-secretase modulator (GSM) program. We demonstrate that the trifluoromethyl oxetane-containing GSM has decreased lipophilicity, improved lipophilic efficiency (LipE) and metabolic stability relative to the corresponding tert-butyl GSM analogue, thus highlighting several benefits of trifluoromethyl oxetane as a more polar tert-butyl isostere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Mukherjee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Martin Pettersson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jason K Dutra
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Longfei Xie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
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24
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Pettersson M, Johnson DS, Rankic DA, Kauffman GW, Am Ende CW, Butler TW, Boscoe B, Evrard E, Helal CJ, Humphrey JM, Stepan AF, Stiff CM, Yang E, Xie L, Bales KR, Hajos-Korcsok E, Jenkinson S, Pettersen B, Pustilnik LR, Ramirez DS, Steyn SJ, Wood KM, Verhoest PR. Discovery of cyclopropyl chromane-derived pyridopyrazine-1,6-dione γ-secretase modulators with robust central efficacy. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:730-743. [PMID: 30108792 PMCID: PMC6071960 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00406g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the discovery of a novel series of cyclopropyl chromane-derived pyridopyrazine-1,6-dione γ-secretase modulators for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using ligand-based design tactics such as conformational analysis and molecular modeling, a cyclopropyl chromane unit was identified as a suitable heterocyclic replacement for a naphthyl moiety that was present in the preliminary lead 4. The optimized lead molecule 44 achieved good central exposure resulting in robust and sustained reduction of brain amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) when dosed orally at 10 mg kg-1 in a rat time-course study. Application of the unpaced isolated heart Langendorff model enabled efficient differentiation of compounds with respect to cardiovascular safety, highlighting how minor structural changes can greatly impact the safety profile within a series of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pettersson
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA . ; Tel: +(617) 395 0705
| | - Douglas S Johnson
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA . ; Tel: +(617) 395 0705
| | - Danica A Rankic
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA . ; Tel: +(860) 441 4354
| | - Gregory W Kauffman
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA . ; Tel: +(617) 395 0705
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA . ; Tel: +(860) 441 4354
| | - Todd W Butler
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA . ; Tel: +(860) 441 4354
| | - Brian Boscoe
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA . ; Tel: +(860) 441 4354
| | - Edelweiss Evrard
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA . ; Tel: +(617) 395 0705
| | - Christopher J Helal
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA . ; Tel: +(860) 441 4354
| | - John M Humphrey
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA . ; Tel: +(860) 441 4354
| | - Antonia F Stepan
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA . ; Tel: +(617) 395 0705
| | - Cory M Stiff
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA . ; Tel: +(860) 441 4354
| | - Eddie Yang
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA . ; Tel: +(860) 441 4354
| | - Longfei Xie
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA . ; Tel: +(860) 441 4354
| | - Kelly R Bales
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA
| | - Eva Hajos-Korcsok
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA
| | - Stephen Jenkinson
- Global Safety Pharmacology , Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , La Jolla , California 92121 , USA
| | - Betty Pettersen
- Drug Safety R&D , Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , USA
| | | | - David S Ramirez
- Global Safety Pharmacology , Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , La Jolla , California 92121 , USA
| | - Stefanus J Steyn
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism , Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA
| | - Kathleen M Wood
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA
| | - Patrick R Verhoest
- Neuroscience and Pain Medicinal Chemistry , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , USA . ; Tel: +(617) 395 0705
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25
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Mishra K, Singh JB, Gupta T, Singh RM. Ag(i)-Catalyzed one-pot synthesis of 4-fluorobenzo[b][1,6] naphthyridines and 4-fluoroisoquinolines via iminofluorination of alkynes with Selectfluor. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00346c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ag(i)-Catalyzed one-pot synthesis of 4-fluorobenzo[b][1,6]naphthyridines is described from o-alkynylquinolinyl aldehydes through imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Mishra
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre of Advanced studies
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
| | - Jay Bahadur Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre of Advanced studies
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
| | - Tanu Gupta
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre of Advanced studies
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
| | - Radhey M. Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre of Advanced studies
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
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26
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γ-Secretase Modulators as Aβ42-Lowering Pharmacological Agents to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2016_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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27
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Pettersson M, Hou X, Kuhn M, Wager TT, Kauffman GW, Verhoest PR. Quantitative Assessment of the Impact of Fluorine Substitution on P-Glycoprotein (P-gp) Mediated Efflux, Permeability, Lipophilicity, and Metabolic Stability. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5284-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pettersson
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xinjun Hou
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Max Kuhn
- Research
Statistics, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Travis T. Wager
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gregory W. Kauffman
- Computational
ADME Group, Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Patrick R. Verhoest
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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28
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Bursavich MG, Harrison BA, Blain JF. Gamma Secretase Modulators: New Alzheimer's Drugs on the Horizon? J Med Chem 2016; 59:7389-409. [PMID: 27007185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly aging population desperately requires new therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Despite years of pharmaceutical research, limited clinical success has been realized, with several failed disease modification therapies in recent years. On the basis of compelling genetic evidence, the pharmaceutical industry has put a large emphasis on brain beta amyloid (Aβ) either through its removal via antibodies or by targeting the proteases responsible for its production. In this Perspective, we focus on the development of small molecules that improve the activity of one such protease, gamma secretase, through an allosteric binding site to preferentially increase the concentration of the shorter non-amyloidogenic Aβ species. After a few early failures due to poor drug-like properties, the industry is now on the cusp of delivering gamma secretase modulators for clinical proof-of-mechanism studies that combine potency and efficacy with improved drug-like properties such as lower cLogP, high central nervous system multiparameter optimization scores, and high sp(3) character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Bursavich
- FORUM Pharmaceuticals , 225 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Bryce A Harrison
- FORUM Pharmaceuticals , 225 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jean-François Blain
- FORUM Pharmaceuticals , 225 Second Avenue, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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29
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Meanwell NA. Improving Drug Design: An Update on Recent Applications of Efficiency Metrics, Strategies for Replacing Problematic Elements, and Compounds in Nontraditional Drug Space. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:564-616. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
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