1
|
Wang T, Feng D, Wang Y, Yao ZJ. Quick Access to Protoberberine and Tetrahydroprotoberberine Derivatives/Analogues with One-Pot Sequential Isochromenylium-Mediated Annulation. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39190433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
A one-pot access to the protoberberine and tetrahydroprotoberberine scaffold has been developed from easily available primary amine-functionalized o-alkynylbenzaldehydes. The core skeleton of protoberberine was afforded via in situ generation of isochromenylium by Ag(I) catalysis, subsequent cyclization to isoquinolinium, and final hydride reduction by a continuous operation procedure. The newly developed step-economic protocol shows excellent regio- and stereoselectivity and is capable of achieving those previously unavailable derivatives/analogues with electron-deficient substituents, providing a robust tool for medicinal investigations of protoberberines and derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Donghui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yikai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kundu B, Dvorácskó S, Basu A, Pommerolle L, Kim KA, Wood CM, Gibbs E, Behee M, Tarasova NI, Cinar R, Iyer MR. Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of Sulfonyl Urea Derivatives as Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (sEH) Inhibitors. Molecules 2024; 29:3036. [PMID: 38998987 PMCID: PMC11242993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) can reduce the level of dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) effectively maintaining endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) levels, resulting in the amelioration of inflammation and pain. Consequently, the development of sEH inhibitors has been a prominent research area for over two decades. In the present study, we synthesized and evaluated sulfonyl urea derivatives for their potential to inhibit sEH. These compounds underwent extensive in vitro investigation, revealing their potency against human and mouse sEH, with 4f showing the most promising sEH inhibitory potential. When subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in studies in mice, compound 4f manifested promising anti-inflammatory efficacy. We investigated the analgesic efficacy of sEH inhibitor 4f in a murine pain model of tail-flick reflex. These results validate the role of sEH inhibition in inflammatory diseases and pave the way for the rational design and optimization of sEH inhibitors based on a sulfonyl urea template.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Kundu
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Szabolcs Dvorácskó
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
- Section on Fibrotic Disorders, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Abhishek Basu
- Section on Fibrotic Disorders, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Lenny Pommerolle
- Section on Fibrotic Disorders, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Kyu Ah Kim
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Casey M. Wood
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Eve Gibbs
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Madeline Behee
- Section on Fibrotic Disorders, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Nadya I. Tarasova
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Resat Cinar
- Section on Fibrotic Disorders, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Malliga R. Iyer
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hartman G, Humphries P, Hughes R, Ho A, Montgomery R, Deshpande A, Mahanta M, Tronnes S, Cowdin S, He X, Liu F, Zhang L, Liu C, Dou D, Li J, Spasic A, Coll R, Marleaux M, Hochheiser IV, Geyer M, Rubin P, Fortney K, Wilhelmsen K. The discovery of novel and potent indazole NLRP3 inhibitors enabled by DNA-encoded library screening. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 102:129675. [PMID: 38417632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
NLRP3 is an intracellular sensor protein that detects a broad range of danger signals and environmental insults. Its activation results in a protective pro-inflammatory response designed to impair pathogens and repair tissue damage via the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome leads to caspase 1-dependent secretory release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 as well as to gasdermin d-mediated pyroptotic cell death. Herein, we describe the discovery of a novel indazole series of high affinity, reversible inhibitors of NLRP3 activation through screening of DNA-encoded libraries and the potent lead compound 3 (BAL-0028, IC50 = 25 nM) that was identified directly from the screen. SPR studies showed that compound 3 binds tightly (KD range 104-123 nM) to the NACHT domain of NLRP3. A CADD analysis of the interaction of compound 3 with the NLRP3 NACHT domain proposes a binding site that is distinct from those of ADP and MCC950 and includes specific site interactions. We anticipate that compound 3 (BAL-0028) and other members of this novel indazole class of neutral inhibitors will demonstrate significantly different physical, biochemical, and biological properties compared to NLRP3 inhibitors previously identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Hartman
- BioAge Labs, 1445 S. 50(th) St. Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
| | | | - Robert Hughes
- BioAge Labs, 1445 S. 50(th) St. Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Andrew Ho
- BioAge Labs, 1445 S. 50(th) St. Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Tronnes
- BioAge Labs, 1445 S. 50(th) St. Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | | | - Xu He
- HitGen Inc., Shuangliu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- HitGen Inc., Shuangliu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- HitGen Inc., Shuangliu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- HitGen Inc., Shuangliu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Dengfeng Dou
- HitGen Inc., Shuangliu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Jin Li
- HitGen Inc., Shuangliu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | | | - Rebecca Coll
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Michael Marleaux
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Inga V Hochheiser
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Paul Rubin
- BioAge Labs, 1445 S. 50(th) St. Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jie Z, Qin S, Liu F, Xu D, Sun J, Qin G, Hou X, Xu P, Zhang W, Gao C, Lu J. Analysis on dynamic changes of etizolam and its metabolites and exploration of its development prospect using UPLC-Q-exactive-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 240:115936. [PMID: 38183733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most widely abused designer benzodiazepines in the world, etizolam has been found in many cases in many countries. In this study, UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS was used for the first time to establish a dynamic change model of etizolam and its metabolites in rats. Compared with previous studies, the detection sensitivity and reproducibility of the instrument were higher. In the experiment, we optimized the traditional pharmacokinetic model based on Gauss function. According to the significant difference of etizolam in the plasma elimination phase of rats, a new pharmacokinetic model based on Lorentz function was established to describe the dynamic changes of etizolam more rigorously, which made the error effects lower and the accuracy of the pharmacokinetic parameters was improved. At the same time, the pharmacokinetic parameters of etizolam were compared with four other designer benzodiazepines reported in previous studies in rats, and we found the direct reason for the popularity of etizolam in the NPS market and explored the future development of etizolam for the first time. In addition, 21 metabolites were found through rat experiments to effectively detect etizolam abuse for a long time, of which 4 metabolites had the longest detection window and could be used as long-acting metabolites for experiments, which greatly prolongs the detection window and extends the time range in which etizolam was detected in real cases. This study is the first to conduct a systematic and comprehensive study on the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of etizolam and find out the direct reason for the prevalence of etizolam abuse, and we also discuss the development trend of etizolam in the future market of new psychoactive substances, which is beneficial for forensic experts to assess the trend of drug abuse and can provide reference for relevant drug control and drug treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Jie
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Shiyang Qin
- Forensic Science Service of Beijing Public Security Bureau, Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Fubang Liu
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Duoqi Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Forensic Science Service of Beijing Public Security Bureau, Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Ge Qin
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xiaolong Hou
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring, Control and Anti drug Key Technologies of the Ministry of Public Security, Anti drug Information Technology Center of the Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenfang Zhang
- Forensic Science Service of Beijing Public Security Bureau, Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Chunfang Gao
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Jianghai Lu
- Drug and Food Anti-doping Laboratory, China Anti-Doping Agency, 1st Anding Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dorel R, Sun D, Carruthers N, Castanedo GM, Ung PMU, Factor DC, Li T, Baumann H, Janota D, Pang J, Salphati L, Meklemburg R, Korman AJ, Harper HE, Stubblefield S, Payandeh J, McHugh D, Lang BT, Tesar PJ, Dere E, Masureel M, Adams DJ, Volgraf M, Braun MG. Discovery and Optimization of Selective Brain-Penetrant EBP Inhibitors that Enhance Oligodendrocyte Formation. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38470227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The inhibition of emopamil binding protein (EBP), a sterol isomerase within the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, promotes oligodendrocyte formation, which has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for treating multiple sclerosis. Herein, we describe the discovery and optimization of brain-penetrant, orally bioavailable inhibitors of EBP. A structure-based drug design approach from literature compound 1 led to the discovery of a hydantoin-based scaffold, which provided balanced physicochemical properties and potency and an improved in vitro safety profile. The long half-lives of early hydantoin-based EBP inhibitors in rodents prompted an unconventional optimization strategy, focused on increasing metabolic turnover while maintaining potency and a brain-penetrant profile. The resulting EBP inhibitor 11 demonstrated strong in vivo target engagement in the brain, as illustrated by the accumulation of EBP substrate zymostenol after repeated dosing. Furthermore, compound 11 enhanced the formation of oligodendrocytes in human cortical organoids, providing additional support for our therapeutic hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dawei Sun
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicholas Carruthers
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | | | - Peter M-U Ung
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Daniel C Factor
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Tianbo Li
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hannah Baumann
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Danielle Janota
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jodie Pang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Laurent Salphati
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Robert Meklemburg
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Allison J Korman
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Halie E Harper
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | | | - Jian Payandeh
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Daniel McHugh
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Bradley T Lang
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Edward Dere
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthieu Masureel
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Drew J Adams
- Convelo Therapeutics, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Matthew Volgraf
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Holmes S, Jain P, Rodriguez KG, Williams J, Yu Z, Cerda-Smith C, Samuel ELG, Campbell J, Hakenjos JM, Monsivais D, Li F, Chamakuri S, Matzuk MM, Santini C, MacKenzie KR, Young DW. Chemical Catalysis Guides Structural Identification for the Major In Vivo Metabolite of the BET Inhibitor JQ1. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:107-115. [PMID: 38229743 PMCID: PMC10788937 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain inhibitor (+)-JQ1 is a highly validated chemical probe; however, it exhibits poor in vivo pharmacokinetics. To guide efforts toward improving its pharmacological properties, we identified the (+)-JQ1 primary metabolite using chemical catalysis methods. Treatment of (+)-JQ1 with tetrabutylammonium decatungstate under photochemical conditions resulted in selective formation of an aldehyde at the 2-position of the thiophene ring [(+)-JQ1-CHO], which was further reduced to the 2-hydroxymethyl analog [(+)-JQ1-OH]. Comparative LC/MS analysis of (+)-JQ1-OH to the product obtained from liver microsomes suggested (+)-JQ1-OH as the major metabolite of (+)-JQ1. The 2-thienyl position was then substituted to generate a trideuterated (-CD3, (+)-JQ1-D) analog having half-lives that were 1.8- and 2.8-fold longer in mouse and human liver microsomes, respectively. This result unambiguously confirmed (+)-JQ1-OH as the major metabolite of (+)-JQ1. These studies demonstrate an efficient process for studying drug metabolism and identifying the metabolic soft spots of bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Secondra Holmes
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Verna
and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Prashi Jain
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Verna
and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kenneth Guzman Rodriguez
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Verna
and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jade Williams
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Verna
and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Verna
and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Christian Cerda-Smith
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Errol L. G. Samuel
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - James Campbell
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - John Michael Hakenjos
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Diana Monsivais
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Feng Li
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Srinivas Chamakuri
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Martin M. Matzuk
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Conrad Santini
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kevin R. MacKenzie
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Verna
and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Damian W. Young
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Verna
and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tautermann CS, Borghardt JM, Pfau R, Zentgraf M, Weskamp N, Sauer A. Towards holistic Compound Quality Scores: Extending ligand efficiency indices with compound pharmacokinetic characteristics. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103758. [PMID: 37660984 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The suitability of small molecules as oral drugs is often assessed by simple physicochemical rules, the application of ligand efficiency scores or by composite scores based on physicochemical compound properties. These rules and scores are empirical and typically lack mechanistic background, such as information on pharmacokinetics (PK). We introduce new types of Compound Quality Scores (CQS, specifically called dose scores and cmax scores), which explicitly include predicted or, when available, experimental PK parameters and combine these with on-target potency. These CQS scores are surrogates for an estimated dose and corresponding cmax and allow prioritizing of compounds within test cascades as well as before synthesis. We demonstrate the complementarity and, in most cases, superior performance relative to existing efficiency metrics by project examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christofer S Tautermann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Medicinal Chemistry, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, Biberach 88397, Germany; Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Jens M Borghardt
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, Biberach 88397, Germany.
| | - Roland Pfau
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Medicinal Chemistry, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, Biberach 88397, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Research, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, Biberach 88397, Germany.
| | - Matthias Zentgraf
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Discovery Research Coordination Germany, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, Biberach 88397, Germany.
| | - Nils Weskamp
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Medicinal Chemistry, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, Biberach 88397, Germany.
| | - Achim Sauer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Drug Discovery Sciences, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, Biberach 88397, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Filipski KJ, Edmonds DJ, Garnsey MR, Smaltz DJ, Coffman K, Futatsugi K, Lee J, O’Neil SV, Wright A, Nason D, Gosset JR, Orozco CC, Blackler D, Fakhoury G, Gutierrez JA, Perez S, Ross T, Stock I, Tesz G, Dullea R. Design of Next-Generation DGAT2 Inhibitor PF-07202954 with Longer Predicted Half-Life. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1427-1433. [PMID: 37849537 PMCID: PMC10577701 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) inhibitors have been shown to lower liver triglyceride content and are being explored clinically as a treatment for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This work details efforts to find an extended-half-life DGAT2 inhibitor. A basic moiety was added to a known inhibitor template, and the basicity and lipophilicity were fine-tuned by the addition of electrophilic fluorines. A weakly basic profile was required to find an appropriate balance of potency, clearance, and permeability. This work culminated in the discovery of PF-07202954 (12), a weakly basic DGAT2 inhibitor that has advanced to clinical studies. This molecule displays a higher volume of distribution and longer half-life in preclinical species, in keeping with its physicochemical profile, and lowers liver triglyceride content in a Western-diet-fed rat model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Filipski
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David J. Edmonds
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michelle R. Garnsey
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel J. Smaltz
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Karen Coffman
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kentaro Futatsugi
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jack Lee
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven V. O’Neil
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ann Wright
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Deane Nason
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James R. Gosset
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christine C. Orozco
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dan Blackler
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Guila Fakhoury
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jemy A. Gutierrez
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sylvie Perez
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Trenton Ross
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ingrid Stock
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory Tesz
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert Dullea
- Pfizer
Research & Development, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hoarau M, Sermmai P, Varatthan T, Thiabma R, Jantra T, Rattanajak R, Vitsupakorn D, Vanichtanankul J, Saepua S, Yuthavong Y, Thongpanchang C, Kamchonwongpaisan S. Discovery of rigid biphenyl Plasmodium falciparum DHFR inhibitors using a fragment linking strategy. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1755-1766. [PMID: 37731689 PMCID: PMC10507804 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00242j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (PfDHFR), a historical target for antimalarials, has been considered compromised due to resistance inducing mutations caused by pyrimethamine (PYR) overexposure. The clinical candidate P218 has demonstrated that inhibitors could efficiently target both PYR-sensitive and PYR-resistant parasites through careful drug design. Yet, P218 clinical development has been limited by its pharmacokinetic profile, incompatible with single dose regimen. Herein, we report the design of new PfDHFR inhibitors using fragment-based design, aiming at improved lipophilicity and overall drug-like properties. Fragment-based screening identified hits binding in the pABA site of the enzyme. Using structure-guided design, hits were elaborated into leads by fragment linking with 2,4-diaminopyrimidine. Resulting compounds display nM range inhibition of both drug-sensitive and resistant PfDHFR, high selectivity against the human isoform, drug-like lipophilicity and metabolic stability. Compound 4 and its ester derivative 3 kill blood stage TM4/8.2 parasite at nM concentrations while showing no toxicity against Vero cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hoarau
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Patpanat Sermmai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Thaveechai Varatthan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Ratthiya Thiabma
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Tararat Jantra
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Roonglawan Rattanajak
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Danoo Vitsupakorn
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Jarunee Vanichtanankul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Siriporn Saepua
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Yongyuth Yuthavong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Chawanee Thongpanchang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Sumalee Kamchonwongpaisan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Egbewande FA, Schwartz BD, Duffy S, Avery VM, Davis RA. Synthesis and Antimalarial Evaluation of Halogenated Analogues of Thiaplakortone A. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050317. [PMID: 37233511 DOI: 10.3390/md21050317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of bromine, iodine or fluorine into the tricyclic core structure of thiaplakortone A (1), a potent antimalarial marine natural product, is reported. Although yields were low, it was possible to synthesise a small nine-membered library using the previously synthesised Boc-protected thiaplakortone A (2) as a scaffold for late-stage functionalisation. The new thiaplakortone A analogues (3-11) were generated using N-bromosuccinimide, N-iodosuccinimide or a Diversinate™ reagent. The chemical structures of all new analogues were fully characterised by 1D/2D NMR, UV, IR and MS data analyses. All compounds were evaluated for their antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 (drug-sensitive) and Dd2 (drug-resistant) strains. Incorporation of halogens at positions 2 and 7 of the thiaplakortone A scaffold was shown to reduce antimalarial activity compared to the natural product. Of the new compounds, the mono-brominated analogue (compound 5) displayed the best antimalarial activity with IC50 values of 0.559 and 0.058 μM against P. falciparum 3D7 and Dd2, respectively, with minimal toxicity against a human cell line (HEK293) observed at 80 μM. Of note, the majority of the halogenated compounds showed greater efficacy against the P. falciparum drug-resistant strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Folake A Egbewande
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Brett D Schwartz
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Sandra Duffy
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Discovery Biology, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Discovery Biology, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- NatureBank, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Waghule T, Laxmi Swetha K, Roy A, Narayan Saha R, Singhvi G. Exploring temozolomide encapsulated PEGylated liposomes and lyotropic liquid crystals for effective treatment of glioblastoma: in-vitro, cell line, and pharmacokinetic studies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 186:18-29. [PMID: 36924995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is one of the best choices for treating glioblastoma. However, due to the short plasma half-life, only 20-30 % brain bioavailability can be achieved using traditional formulations. In the present study, PEGylated liposomes and lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) were developed and investigated to prolong the plasma circulation time of TMZ. Industrially feasible membrane extrusion and modified hot melt emulsification techniques were utilized during the formulation. Liposomes and LLCs in the particle size range of 80-120 nm were obtained with up to 50 % entrapment efficiency. The nanocarriers were found to show a prolonged release of up to 72 h. The cytotoxicity studies in glioblastoma cell lines revealed a ∼1.6-fold increased cytotoxicity compared to free TMZ. PEGylated liposomes and PEGylated LLCs were found to show a 3.47 and 3.18-fold less cell uptake in macrophage cell lines than uncoated liposomes and LLCs, respectively. A 1.25 and 2-fold increase in the plasma t1/2 was observed with PEGylated liposomes and PEGylated LLCs, respectively, compared to the TMZ when administered intravenously. Extending plasma circulation time of TMZ led to significant increase in brain bioavailability. Overall, the observed improved pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of TMZ revealed the potential of these PEGylated nanocarriers in the efficient treatment of glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - K Laxmi Swetha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Aniruddha Roy
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Crawford JJ, Feng J, Brightbill HD, Johnson AR, Wright M, Kolesnikov A, Lee W, Castanedo GM, Do S, Blaquiere N, Staben ST, Chiang PC, Fan PW, Baumgardner M, Wong S, Godemann R, Grabbe A, Wiegel C, Sujatha-Bhaskar S, Hymowitz SG, Liau N, Hsu PL, McEwan PA, Ismaili MHA, Landry ML. Filling a nick in NIK: extending the half-life of a NIK inhibitor through structure-based drug design. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 89:129277. [PMID: 37105490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) has been pursued as a promising therapeutic target for autoimmune disorders due to its highly regulated role in key steps of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Previously reported NIK inhibitors from our group were shown to be potent, selective, and efficacious, but had higher human dose projections than desirable for immunology indications. Herein we report the clearance-driven optimization of a NIK inhibitor guided by metabolite identification studies and structure-based drug design. This led to the identification of an azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanone motif that attenuated in vitro and in vivo clearance while maintaining NIK potency and increasing selectivity over other kinases, resulting in a greater than ten-fold reduction in predicted human dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J Crawford
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jianwen Feng
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hans D Brightbill
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Adam R Johnson
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthew Wright
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Aleksandr Kolesnikov
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wendy Lee
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Steven Do
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicole Blaquiere
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven T Staben
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Po-Chang Chiang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peter W Fan
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matt Baumgardner
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Susan Wong
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Robert Godemann
- Evotec SE., Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, Hamburg 22419, Germany
| | - Alice Grabbe
- Evotec SE., Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, Hamburg 22419, Germany
| | - Catharina Wiegel
- Evotec SE., Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, Hamburg 22419, Germany
| | | | - Sarah G Hymowitz
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicholas Liau
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peter L Hsu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Paul A McEwan
- Evotec SE., Manfred Eigen Campus, Essener Bogen 7, Hamburg 22419, Germany
| | | | - Matthew L Landry
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Canfield JR, Kisor DF, Sprague JE. Designer benzodiazepine rat pharmacokinetics: A comparison of alprazolam, flualprazolam and flubromazolam. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 465:116459. [PMID: 36907383 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Designer benzodiazepines, including flualprazolam and flubromazolam, are clandestinely produced to circumvent federal regulations. Although flualprazolam and flubromazolam are structurally similar to alprazolam, they do not have an approved medical indication. Flualprazolam differs from alprazolam by the addition of a single fluorine atom. Whereas, flubromazolam differs by the addition of a single fluorine atom and substitution of a bromine for a chlorine atom. The pharmacokinetics of these designer compounds have not been extensively evaluated. In the present study, we evaluated flualprazolam and flubromazolam in a rat model and compared the pharmacokinetics of both compounds to alprazolam. Twelve male, Sprague-Dawley rats were given a 2 mg/kg subcutaneous dose of alprazolam, flualprazolam and flubromazolam and plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated. Both compounds displayed significant two-fold increases in volume of distribution and clearance. Additionally, flualprazolam displayed a significant increase in half-life leading to a nearly double half-life when compared to alprazolam. The findings of this study demonstrate that fluorination of the alprazolam pharmacophore increases pharmacokinetic parameters including half-life and volume of distribution. The increase in these parameters for flualprazolam and flubromazolam leads to an overall increased exposure in the body and a potential for greater toxicity than alprazolam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Canfield
- The Ohio Attorney General's Center for the Future of Forensic Science, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - David F Kisor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, College of Pharmacy, Natural and Health Sciences, Manchester University, Fort Wayne, IN 45845, USA
| | - Jon E Sprague
- The Ohio Attorney General's Center for the Future of Forensic Science, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Baryakova TH, Pogostin BH, Langer R, McHugh KJ. Overcoming barriers to patient adherence: the case for developing innovative drug delivery systems. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:387-409. [PMID: 36973491 PMCID: PMC10041531 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Poor medication adherence is a pervasive issue with considerable health and socioeconomic consequences. Although the underlying reasons are generally understood, traditional intervention strategies rooted in patient-centric education and empowerment have proved to be prohibitively complex and/or ineffective. Formulating a pharmaceutical in a drug delivery system (DDS) is a promising alternative that can directly mitigate many common impediments to adherence, including frequent dosing, adverse effects and a delayed onset of action. Existing DDSs have already positively influenced patient acceptability and improved rates of adherence across various disease and intervention types. The next generation of systems have the potential to instate an even more radical paradigm shift by, for example, permitting oral delivery of biomacromolecules, allowing for autonomous dose regulation and enabling several doses to be mimicked with a single administration. Their success, however, is contingent on their ability to address the problems that have made DDSs unsuccessful in the past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gastaldi MS, Felsztyna I, Miguel V, Sánchez-Borzone ME, García DA. Theoretical and Experimental Study of Molecular Interactions of Fluralaner with Lipid Membranes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2134-2142. [PMID: 36688903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluralaner is a relatively new insecticide belonging to the isoxazoline group, whose action mechanism involves the blocking of GABAA-receptors in the insect nervous system. Because of its high hydrophobicity, fluralaner could bioaccumulate and reach toxic local concentrations. Since there are no data available about the penetration and persistence of isoxazolines in biological membranes, we intend to evaluate fluralaner permanence as a pollutant by using model membranes. We used experimental and in silico models to characterize the incorporation of fluralaner into the lipid phase at different packing states. We determined its impact in the membrane structure and organization. Our results confirm that fluralaner is capable of penetrating, holding, and accumulating in the lipid membrane and provide details on its precise location and orientation. These properties would allow fluralaner to reach high local concentrations in different membranes and organs, which could be dangerous for vertebrate organisms if its handling is not properly controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Salomé Gastaldi
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba5016, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba5016, Argentina
| | - Iván Felsztyna
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba5016, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba5016, Argentina
| | - Virginia Miguel
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba5016, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba5016, Argentina
| | - Mariela E Sánchez-Borzone
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba5016, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba5016, Argentina
| | - Daniel A García
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba5016, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba5016, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Burmistrov VV, Morisseau C, Shkineva TK, Danilov DV, Gladkikh B, Butov GM, Fayzullin RR, Dutova TY, Hammock BD, Dalinger IL. Adamantyl-ureas with pyrazoles substituted by fluoroalkanes as soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors. J Fluor Chem 2023; 266:110087. [PMID: 37638129 PMCID: PMC10457016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2023.110087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors containing halogenated pyrazoles was developed. Inhibition potency of the obtained compounds ranges from 0.8 to 27.5 nM. 1-Adamantyl-3-[(4,5-dichloro-1-methyl-1Н-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl]urea (3f, IC50 = 0.8 nM) and 1-[(Adamantan-1-yl)methyl]-3-[(4,5-dichloro-1-methyl-1Н-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl]urea (4f, IC50 = 1.2 nM) were found to be the most potent sEH inhibitors within the described series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V. Burmistrov
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (branch) Volgograd State Technical University, 42a Engels Street, Volzhsky, 404121, Russia
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Tatyana K. Shkineva
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Lenin Avenue, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Danilov
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (branch) Volgograd State Technical University, 42a Engels Street, Volzhsky, 404121, Russia
| | - Boris Gladkikh
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (branch) Volgograd State Technical University, 42a Engels Street, Volzhsky, 404121, Russia
| | - Gennady M. Butov
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (branch) Volgograd State Technical University, 42a Engels Street, Volzhsky, 404121, Russia
| | - Robert R. Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan, 420088, Russia
| | - Tatyana Ya. Dutova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Lenin Avenue, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Igor L. Dalinger
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Lenin Avenue, Moscow 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Candito DA, Simov V, Gulati A, Kattar S, Chau RW, Lapointe BT, Methot JL, DeMong DE, Graham TH, Kurukulasuriya R, Keylor MH, Tong L, Morriello GJ, Acton JJ, Pio B, Liu W, Scott JD, Ardolino MJ, Martinot TA, Maddess ML, Yan X, Gunaydin H, Palte RL, McMinn SE, Nogle L, Yu H, Minnihan EC, Lesburg CA, Liu P, Su J, Hegde LG, Moy LY, Woodhouse JD, Faltus R, Xiong T, Ciaccio P, Piesvaux JA, Otte KM, Kennedy ME, Bennett DJ, DiMauro EF, Fell MJ, Neelamkavil S, Wood HB, Fuller PH, Ellis JM. Discovery and Optimization of Potent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrant 1-Heteroaryl-1 H-Indazole LRRK2 Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16801-16817. [PMID: 36475697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) kinase activity represents a genetically supported, chemically tractable, and potentially disease-modifying mechanism to treat Parkinson's disease. Herein, we describe the optimization of a novel series of potent, selective, central nervous system (CNS)-penetrant 1-heteroaryl-1H-indazole type I (ATP competitive) LRRK2 inhibitors. Type I ATP-competitive kinase physicochemical properties were integrated with CNS drug-like properties through a combination of structure-based drug design and parallel medicinal chemistry enabled by sp3-sp2 cross-coupling technologies. This resulted in the discovery of a unique sp3-rich spirocarbonitrile motif that imparted extraordinary potency, pharmacokinetics, and favorable CNS drug-like properties. The lead compound, 25, demonstrated exceptional on-target potency in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, excellent off-target kinase selectivity, and good brain exposure in rat, culminating in a low projected human dose and a pre-clinical safety profile that warranted advancement toward pre-clinical candidate enabling studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Candito
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Vladimir Simov
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Anmol Gulati
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Solomon Kattar
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Ryan W Chau
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Blair T Lapointe
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Joey L Methot
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Duane E DeMong
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Thomas H Graham
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Ravi Kurukulasuriya
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Mitchell H Keylor
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Ling Tong
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey07033, United States
| | - Gregori J Morriello
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey07033, United States
| | - John J Acton
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey07033, United States
| | - Barbara Pio
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey07033, United States
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey07033, United States
| | - Jack D Scott
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey07033, United States
| | - Michael J Ardolino
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Theodore A Martinot
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Matthew L Maddess
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Xin Yan
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Hakan Gunaydin
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Rachel L Palte
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Spencer E McMinn
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Lisa Nogle
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Hongshi Yu
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Ellen C Minnihan
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Charles A Lesburg
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Ping Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Jing Su
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey07033, United States
| | - Laxminarayan G Hegde
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Lily Y Moy
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Janice D Woodhouse
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Robert Faltus
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Tina Xiong
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Paul Ciaccio
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Jennifer A Piesvaux
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Karin M Otte
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Matthew E Kennedy
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | | | - Erin F DiMauro
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Matthew J Fell
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Santhosh Neelamkavil
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey07033, United States
| | - Harold B Wood
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey07033, United States
| | - Peter H Fuller
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - J Michael Ellis
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
A Transversal Approach Combining In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Describe the Metabolism of the Receptor Interacting Protein 1 Kinase Inhibitor Sibiriline. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122665. [PMID: 36559159 PMCID: PMC9787481 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sibiriline is a novel drug inhibiting receptor-interacting protein 1 kinase (RIPK1) and necroptosis, a regulated form of cell death involved in several disease models. In this study, we aimed to investigate the metabolic fate of sibiriline in a cross-sectional manner using an in silico prediction, coupled with in vitro and in vivo experiments. In silico predictions were performed using GLORYx and Biotransformer 3.0 freeware; in vitro incubation was performed on differentiated human HepaRG cells, and in vivo experiments including a pharmacokinetic study were performed on mice treated with sibiriline. HepaRG culture supernatants and mice plasma samples were analyzed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). The molecular networking bioinformatics tool applied to LC-HRMS/MS data allowed us to visualize the sibiriline metabolism kinetics. Overall, 14 metabolites, mostly produced by Phase II transformations (glucuronidation and sulfation) were identified. These data provide initial reassurance regarding the toxicology of this new RIPK1 inhibitor, although further studies are required.
Collapse
|
19
|
Obi P, Natesan S. Membrane Lipids Are an Integral Part of Transmembrane Allosteric Sites in GPCRs: A Case Study of Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Bound to a Negative Allosteric Modulator, ORG27569, and Analogs. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12240-12255. [PMID: 36066412 PMCID: PMC9512009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structures reveal novel transmembrane lipid-exposed allosteric sites. Ligands must first partition into the surrounding membrane and take lipid paths to these sites. Remarkably, a significant part of the bound ligands appears exposed to the membrane lipids. The experimental structures do not usually account for the surrounding lipids, and their apparent contribution to ligand access and binding is often overlooked and poorly understood. Using classical and enhanced molecular dynamics simulations, we show that membrane lipids are critical in the access and binding of ORG27569 and its analogs at the transmembrane site of cannabinoid CB1 receptor. The observed differences in the binding affinity and cooperativity arise from the functional groups that interact primarily with lipids. Our results demonstrate the significance of incorporating membrane lipids as an integral component of transmembrane sites for accurate characterization, binding-affinity calculations, and lead optimization in drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Obi
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Senthil Natesan
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cecere G, Guasch L, Olivares-Morales AM, Umehara K, Stepan AF. LipMetE (Lipophilic Metabolism Efficiency) as a Simple Guide for Half-Life and Dosing Regimen Prediction of Oral Drugs. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1444-1451. [PMID: 36105329 PMCID: PMC9465707 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vivo half-life is a key property of every drug molecule, as it determines dosing regimens, peak-to-trough ratios and often dose. However, half-life optimization can be challenging due to its multifactorial nature, with in vitro metabolic turnover, plasma protein binding and volume of distribution all impacting half-life. We here propose that the medicinal chemistry design parameter Lipophilic Metabolism Efficiency (LipMetE) can greatly simplify half-life optimization of neutral and basic compounds. Using mathematical transformations, examples from preclinical GABAA projects and clinical compounds with human pharmacokinetic data, we show that LipMetE is directly proportional to the logarithm of half-life. As the design parameter LipMetE can be swiftly calculated using the readily available parameters LogD, intrinsic clearance and fraction unbound in human liver microsomes or hepatocytes, this approach enables rational half-life optimization from the early stages of drug discovery projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cecere
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Guasch
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andres M. Olivares-Morales
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kenichi Umehara
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonia F. Stepan
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Das N, Bandopadhyay P, Roy S, Sinha BP, Dastidar UG, Rahaman O, Pal S, Ganguly D, Talukdar A. Development, Optimization, and In Vivo Validation of New Imidazopyridine Chemotypes as Dual TLR7/TLR9 Antagonists through Activity-Directed Sequential Incorporation of Relevant Structural Subunits. J Med Chem 2022; 65:11607-11632. [PMID: 35959635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Undesirable activation of endosomal toll-like receptors TLR7 and TLR9 present in specific immune cells in response to host-derived ligands is implicated in several autoimmune diseases and other contexts of autoreactive inflammation, making them important therapeutic targets. We report a drug development strategy identifying a new chemotype for incorporating relevant structural subunits into the basic imidazopyridine core deemed necessary for potent TLR7 and TLR9 dual antagonism. We established minimal pharmacophoric features in the core followed by hit-to-lead optimization, guided by in vitro and in vivo biological assays and ADME. A ligand-receptor binding hypothesis was proposed, and selectivity studies against TLR8 were performed. Oral absorption and efficacy of lead candidate 42 were established through favorable in vitro pharmacokinetics and in vivo pharmacodynamic studies, with IC50 values of 0.04 and 0.47 μM against TLR9 and TLR7, respectively. The study establishes imidazopyridine as a viable chemotype to therapeutically target TLR9 and TLR7 in relevant clinical contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Das
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Purbita Bandopadhyay
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CN6, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Swarnali Roy
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Sinha
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CN6, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Uddipta Ghosh Dastidar
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Oindrila Rahaman
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CN6, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Pal
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dipyaman Ganguly
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CN6, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arindam Talukdar
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Purushottamachar P, Thomas E, Thankan RS, Njar VCO. Novel deuterated Mnk1/2 protein degrader VNLG-152R analogs: Synthesis, In vitro Anti-TNBC activities and pharmacokinetics in mice. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114441. [PMID: 35617854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new and improved synthesis of lead Mnk1/2 protein degrader, VNLG-152R, 4-(±)-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-(E)-retinamide (1) has been developed from commercially available 4-oxo-ATRA (8). This procedure was also utilized to synthesize the seven possible deuterated analogs of compound 1 (11-17). The deuterated analogs were either better or equipotent to 1 in in vitro antiproliferative activities against MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 human TNBC cells. The Mnk1/2 degraders were equally effective as a standard TNBC therapy (paclitaxel). Importantly, the expression of Mnk1, peIF4E and their associated downstream targets, including cyclin D1 and Bcl2, were strongly decreased in compound 1/analogs (11-17)-treated TNBC cells signifying inhibition of Mnk1-eIF4E signaling. More importantly, we showed that deuterated analogs, 12, 16 and 17 possess improved pharmacokinetics parameters following oral administration to CD-1 female mice compared to the parent non-deuterated compound 1, thus addressing the rapid clearance (short half-life and short residence time) pharmacokinetic inadequacy of compound 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puranik Purushottamachar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; The Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; The Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Retheesh S Thankan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; The Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Flavocure Biotech, 701 E. Pratt Street, Suite 2033, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA; Isoprene Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 875 Hollins Street, Suite 102D, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Vincent C O Njar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; The Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Isoprene Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 875 Hollins Street, Suite 102D, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tamayo NA, Bourbeau MP, Allen JR, Ashton KS, Chen JJ, Kaller MR, Nguyen TT, Nishimura N, Pettus LH, Walton M, Belmontes B, Moriguchi J, Chen K, McCarter JD, Hanestad K, Chung G, Ninniri MSS, Sun J, Poppe L, Spahr C, Hui J, Jia L, Wu T, Dahal UP, Edson KZ, Payton M. Targeting the Mitotic Kinesin KIF18A in Chromosomally Unstable Cancers: Hit Optimization Toward an In Vivo Chemical Probe. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4972-4990. [PMID: 35286090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer that results from errors in chromosome segregation during mitosis. Targeting of CIN-associated vulnerabilities is an emerging therapeutic strategy in drug development. KIF18A, a mitotic kinesin, has been shown to play a role in maintaining bipolar spindle integrity and promotes viability of CIN cancer cells. To explore the potential of KIF18A, a series of inhibitors was identified. Optimization of an initial hit led to the discovery of analogues that could be used as chemical probes to interrogate the role of KIF18A inhibition. Compounds 23 and 24 caused significant mitotic arrest in vivo, which was sustained for 24 h. This would be followed by cell death either in mitosis or in the subsequent interphase. Furthermore, photoaffinity labeling experiments reveal that this series of inhibitors binds at the interface of KIF18A and tubulin. This study represents the first disclosure of KIF18A inhibitors with in vivo activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria A Tamayo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Matthew P Bourbeau
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jennifer R Allen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Kate S Ashton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jian Jeffrey Chen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Matthew R Kaller
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Thomas T Nguyen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Nobuko Nishimura
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Liping H Pettus
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Mary Walton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Brian Belmontes
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jodi Moriguchi
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Kui Chen
- Discovery Technologies, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - John D McCarter
- Discovery Technologies, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Kelly Hanestad
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Grace Chung
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Maria Stefania S Ninniri
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jan Sun
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Leszek Poppe
- Discovery Attribute Sciences, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Chris Spahr
- Discovery Attribute Sciences, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - John Hui
- Discovery Attribute Sciences, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Lei Jia
- Computational & Data Sciences, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Tian Wu
- Pre-Pivotal Drug Product, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Upendra P Dahal
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Research, 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katheryne Z Edson
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Marc Payton
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Keylor MH, Gulati A, Kattar SD, Johnson RE, Chau RW, Margrey KA, Ardolino MJ, Zarate C, Poremba KE, Simov V, Morriello GJ, Acton JJ, Pio B, Yan X, Palte RL, McMinn SE, Nogle L, Lesburg CA, Adpressa D, Lin S, Neelamkavil S, Liu P, Su J, Hegde LG, Woodhouse JD, Faltus R, Xiong T, Ciaccio PJ, Piesvaux J, Otte KM, Wood HB, Kennedy ME, Bennett DJ, DiMauro EF, Fell MJ, Fuller PH. Structure-Guided Discovery of Aminoquinazolines as Brain-Penetrant and Selective LRRK2 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 65:838-856. [PMID: 34967623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) protein has been genetically and functionally linked to Parkinson's disease (PD), a disabling and progressive neurodegenerative disorder whose current therapies are limited in scope and efficacy. In this report, we describe a rigorous hit-to-lead optimization campaign supported by structural enablement, which culminated in the discovery of brain-penetrant, candidate-quality molecules as represented by compounds 22 and 24. These compounds exhibit remarkable selectivity against the kinome and offer good oral bioavailability and low projected human doses. Furthermore, they showcase the implementation of stereochemical design elements that serve to enable a potency- and selectivity-enhancing increase in polarity and hydrogen bond donor (HBD) count while maintaining a central nervous system-friendly profile typified by low levels of transporter-mediated efflux and encouraging brain penetration in preclinical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell H Keylor
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Anmol Gulati
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Solomon D Kattar
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Rebecca E Johnson
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ryan W Chau
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kaila A Margrey
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael J Ardolino
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Cayetana Zarate
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kelsey E Poremba
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Vladimir Simov
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Gregori J Morriello
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - John J Acton
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Barbara Pio
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xin Yan
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Rachel L Palte
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Spencer E McMinn
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Lisa Nogle
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Charles A Lesburg
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Donovon Adpressa
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Shishi Lin
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Santhosh Neelamkavil
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ping Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jing Su
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Laxminarayan G Hegde
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Janice D Woodhouse
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Robert Faltus
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Tina Xiong
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Paul J Ciaccio
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jennifer Piesvaux
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Karin M Otte
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Harold B Wood
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Matthew E Kennedy
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | - Erin F DiMauro
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Matthew J Fell
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Peter H Fuller
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim KE, Kim AN, McCormick CJ, Stoltz BM. Late-Stage Diversification: A Motivating Force in Organic Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16890-16901. [PMID: 34614361 PMCID: PMC9285880 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interest in therapeutic discovery typically drives the preparation of natural product analogs, but these undertakings contribute significant advances for synthetic chemistry as well. The need for a highly efficient and scalable synthetic route to a complex molecular scaffold for diversification frequently inspires new methodological development or unique application of existing methods on structurally intricate systems. Additionally, synthetic planning with an aim toward late-stage diversification can provide access to otherwise unavailable compounds or facilitate preparation of complex molecules with diverse patterns of substitution around a shared carbon framework. For these reasons among others, programs dedicated to the diversification of natural product frameworks and other complex molecular scaffolds have been increasing in popularity, a trend likely to continue given their fruitfulness and breadth of impact. In this Perspective, we discuss our experience using late-stage diversification as a guiding principle for the synthesis of natural product analogs and reflect on the impact such efforts have on the future of complex molecule synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Kim
- Sciences and Mathematics Division, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Tacoma, Washington 98402, United States
| | - Alexia N Kim
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Carter J McCormick
- Sciences and Mathematics Division, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Tacoma, Washington 98402, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hopkins B, Zhang H, Bharathan I, Li D, Pu Q, Zhou H, Martinot TA, Fradera X, Lammens A, Lesburg CA, Cohen RD, Ballard J, Knemeyer I, Otte K, Vincent S, Miller JR, Solban N, Cheng M, Geda P, Smotrov N, Song X, Bennett DJ, Han Y. Utilization of Metabolite Identification and Structural Data to Guide Design of Low-Dose IDO1 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1435-1440. [PMID: 34531952 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein the discovery of potent IDO1 inhibitors with low predicted human dose is discussed. Metabolite identification (MetID) and structural data were used to strategically incorporate cyclopropane rings into this tetrahydronaphthyridine series of IDO1 inhibitors to improve their metabolic stability and potency. Enabling synthetic chemistry was developed to construct these unique fused cyclopropyl compounds, leading to inhibitors with improved pharmacokinetics and human whole blood potency and a predicted human oral dose as low as 9 mg once daily (QD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alfred Lammens
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstraße 7a, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Ryan D. Cohen
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Villemure E, Terrett JA, Larouche-Gauthier R, Déry M, Chen H, Reese RM, Shields SD, Chen J, Magnuson S, Volgraf M. A Retrospective Look at the Impact of Binding Site Environment on the Optimization of TRPA1 Antagonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1230-1237. [PMID: 34413952 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonists have generated broad interest in the pharmaceutical industry for the treatment of both pain and asthma. Over the past decade, multiple antagonist classes have been reported in the literature with a wide range of structural diversity. Our own work has focused on the development of proline sulfonamide and hypoxanthine-based antagonists, two antagonist classes with distinct physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic (PK) trends. Late in our discovery program, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) studies revealed two different antagonist binding sites: a membrane-exposed proline sulfonamide transmembrane site and an intracellular hypoxanthine site near the membrane interface. A retrospective look at the discovery program reveals how the different binding sites, and their location relative to the cell membrane, influenced the optimization trajectories and overall drug profiles of each antagonist class.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisia Villemure
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jack A. Terrett
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Martin Déry
- Paraza Pharma, Inc. 2525 Avenue Marie-Curie, Montréal, Québec H4S 2E1, Canada
| | - Huifen Chen
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rebecca M. Reese
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shannon D. Shields
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven Magnuson
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthew Volgraf
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wu L, Zhang C, He C, Qian D, Lu L, Sun Y, Xu M, Zhuo J, Liu PCC, Klabe R, Wynn R, Covington M, Gallagher K, Leffet L, Bowman K, Diamond S, Koblish H, Zhang Y, Soloviev M, Hollis G, Burn TC, Scherle P, Yeleswaram S, Huber R, Yao W. Discovery of Pemigatinib: A Potent and Selective Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10666-10679. [PMID: 34269576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of FGFR has been linked to the pathogenesis of many tumor types. Selective inhibition of FGFR has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment. Herein, we describe the discovery of compound 38 (INCB054828, pemigatinib), a highly potent and selective inhibitor of FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3 with excellent physiochemical properties and pharmacokinetic profiles. Pemigatinib has received accelerated approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of adults with previously treated, unresectable locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma with a FGFR2 fusion or other rearrangement. Additional clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate pemigatinib in patients with FGFR alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangxing Wu
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Colin Zhang
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Chunhong He
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Dingquan Qian
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Liang Lu
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Yaping Sun
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Meizhong Xu
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Jincong Zhuo
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Phillip C C Liu
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Ronald Klabe
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Richard Wynn
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Maryanne Covington
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Karen Gallagher
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Lynn Leffet
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Kevin Bowman
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Sharon Diamond
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Holly Koblish
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Maxim Soloviev
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Gregory Hollis
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Timothy C Burn
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Peggy Scherle
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Swamy Yeleswaram
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Reid Huber
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Wenqing Yao
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-Off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ligand binding at the protein-lipid interface: strategic considerations for drug design. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:710-722. [PMID: 34257432 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many drug targets are embedded within the phospholipid bilayer of cellular membranes, including G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, transporters and membrane-bound enzymes. Increasing evidence from biophysical and structural studies suggests that many small-molecule drugs commonly associate with these targets at binding sites at the protein-phospholipid interface. Without a direct path from bulk solvent to a binding site, a drug must first partition in the phospholipid membrane before interacting with the protein target. This membrane access mechanism necessarily affects the interpretation of potency data, structure-activity relationships, pharmacokinetics and physicochemical properties for drugs that target these sites. With an increasing number of small-molecule intramembrane binding sites revealed through X-ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy, we suggest that ligand-lipid interactions likely play a larger role in small-molecule drug action than commonly appreciated. This Perspective introduces key concepts and drug design considerations to aid discovery teams operating within this target space, and discusses challenges and future opportunities in the field.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kundu B, Raychaudhuri D, Mukherjee A, Sinha BP, Sarkar D, Bandopadhyay P, Pal S, Das N, Dey D, Ramarao K, Nagireddy K, Ganguly D, Talukdar A. Systematic Optimization of Potent and Orally Bioavailable Purine Scaffold as a Dual Inhibitor of Toll-Like Receptors 7 and 9. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9279-9301. [PMID: 34142551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Several toll-like receptors (TLRs) reside inside endosomes of specific immune cells-among them, aberrant activation of TLR7 and TLR9 is implicated in myriad contexts of autoimmune diseases, making them promising therapeutic targets. However, small-molecule TLR7 and TLR9 antagonists are not yet available for clinical use. We illustrate here the importance of C2, C6, and N9 substitutions in the purine scaffold for antagonism to TLR7 and TLR9 through structure-activity relationship studies using cellular reporter assays and functional studies on primary human immune cells. Further in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies identified an orally bioavailable lead compound 29, with IC50 values of 0.08 and 2.66 μM against TLR9 and TLR7, respectively. Isothermal titration calorimetry excluded direct TLR ligand-antagonist interactions. In vivo antagonism efficacy against mouse TLR9 and therapeutic efficacy in a preclinical murine model of psoriasis highlighted the potential of compound 29 as a therapeutic candidate in relevant autoimmune contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Kundu
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Deblina Raychaudhuri
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CN6, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayan Mukherjee
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Dipika Sarkar
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Purbita Bandopadhyay
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CN6, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sourav Pal
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nirmal Das
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Debdeep Dey
- Tata Medical Center, Newtown, Kolkata 700160, West Bengal, India
| | - Kantubhukta Ramarao
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Kasireddy Nagireddy
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipyaman Ganguly
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CN6, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arindam Talukdar
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gulati A, Yeung CS, Lapointe B, Kattar SD, Gunaydin H, Scott JD, Childers KK, Methot JL, Simov V, Kurukulasuriya R, Pio B, Morriello GJ, Liu P, Tang H, Neelamkavil S, Wood HB, Rada VL, Ardolino MJ, Yan XC, Palte R, Otte K, Faltus R, Woodhouse J, Hegde LG, Ciaccio P, Minnihan EC, DiMauro EF, Fell MJ, Fuller PH, Ellis JM. Optimization of brain-penetrant picolinamide derived leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1164-1173. [PMID: 34355182 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00097g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of potent, kinome selective, brain penetrant LRRK2 inhibitors is the focus of extensive research seeking new, disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD). Herein, we describe the discovery and evolution of a picolinamide-derived lead series. Our initial optimization efforts aimed at improving the potency and CLK2 off-target selectivity of compound 1 by modifying the heteroaryl C-H hinge and linker regions. This resulted in compound 12 which advanced deep into our research operating plan (ROP) before heteroaryl aniline metabolite 14 was characterized as Ames mutagenic, halting its progression. Strategic modifications to our ROP were made to enable early de-risking of putative aniline metabolites or hydrolysis products for mutagenicity in Ames. This led to the discovery of 3,5-diaminopyridine 15 and 4,6-diaminopyrimidine 16 as low risk for mutagenicity (defined by a 3-strain Ames negative result). Analysis of key matched molecular pairs 17 and 18 led to the prioritization of the 3,5-diaminopyridine sub-series for further optimization due to enhanced rodent brain penetration. These efforts culminated in the discovery of ethyl trifluoromethyl pyrazole 23 with excellent LRRK2 potency and expanded selectivity versus off-target CLK2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Gulati
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Charles S Yeung
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Blair Lapointe
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Solomon D Kattar
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Hakan Gunaydin
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Jack D Scott
- Merck & Co., Inc. 2015 Galloping Hill Road Kenilworth New Jersey 07033 USA
| | - Kaleen K Childers
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Joey L Methot
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Vladimir Simov
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Ravi Kurukulasuriya
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Barbara Pio
- Merck & Co., Inc. 2015 Galloping Hill Road Kenilworth New Jersey 07033 USA
| | - Greg J Morriello
- Merck & Co., Inc. 2015 Galloping Hill Road Kenilworth New Jersey 07033 USA
| | - Ping Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc. 2015 Galloping Hill Road Kenilworth New Jersey 07033 USA
| | - Haiqun Tang
- Merck & Co., Inc. 2015 Galloping Hill Road Kenilworth New Jersey 07033 USA
| | | | - Harold B Wood
- Merck & Co., Inc. 2015 Galloping Hill Road Kenilworth New Jersey 07033 USA
| | - Vanessa L Rada
- Merck & Co., Inc. 770 Sumneytown Pike West Point Pennsylvania 19486 USA
| | - Michael J Ardolino
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Xin Cindy Yan
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Rachel Palte
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Karin Otte
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Robert Faltus
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Janice Woodhouse
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Laxminarayan G Hegde
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Paul Ciaccio
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Ellen C Minnihan
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Erin F DiMauro
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Matthew J Fell
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - Peter H Fuller
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| | - J Michael Ellis
- Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA +1 617 992 2472 +1 617 992 3113
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hsu F, Chen YC, Broccatelli F. Evaluation of Tissue Binding in Three Tissues across Five Species and Prediction of Volume of Distribution from Plasma Protein and Tissue Binding with an Existing Model. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:330-336. [PMID: 33531412 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Volume of distribution (Vd) is a primary pharmacokinetic parameter used to calculate the half-life and plasma concentration-time profile of drugs. Numerous models have been relatively successful in predicting Vd, but the model developed by Korzekwa and Nagar is of particular interest because it utilizes plasma protein binding and microsomal binding data, both of which are readily available in vitro parameters. Here, Korzekwa and Nagar's model was validated and expanded upon using external and internal data sets. Tissue binding, plasma protein binding, Vd, physiochemical, and physiologic data sets were procured from literature and Genentech's internal data base. First, we investigated the hypothesis that tissue binding is primarily governed by passive processes that depend on the lipid composition of the tissue type. The fraction unbound in tissues (futissue) was very similar across human, rat, and mouse. In addition, we showed that dilution factors could be generated from nonlinear regression so that one futissue value could be used to estimate another one regardless of species. More importantly, results suggested that microsomes could serve as a surrogate for tissue binding. We applied the parameters from Korzekwa and Nagar's Vd model to two distinct liver microsomal data sets and found remarkably close statistical results. Brain and lung data sets also accurately predicted Vd, further validating the model. Vd prediction accuracy for compounds with log D7.4 > 1 significantly outperformed that of more hydrophilic compounds. Finally, human Vd predictions from Korzekwa and Nagar's model appear to be as accurate as rat allometry and slightly less accurate than dog and cynomolgus allometry. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study shows that tissue binding is comparable across five species and can be interconverted with a dilution factor. In addition, we applied internal and external data sets to the volume of distribution model developed by Korzekwa and Nagar and found comparable Vd prediction accuracy between the Vd model and single-species allometry. These findings could potentially accelerate the drug research and development process by reducing the amount of resources associated with in vitro binding and animal experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Hsu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Fabio Broccatelli
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Noh K, Pietrasiewicz A, Liu X, Wei C. Use of Intravenous Infusion Study Design to Simultaneously Determine Brain Penetration and Systemic Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 49:142-151. [PMID: 33262223 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In drug discovery, the extent of brain penetration as measured by free brain/plasma concentration ratio (Kp,uu) is normally determined from one experiment after constant intravenous infusion, and pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters, including clearance (CL), volume of distribution at steady state (Vss), and effective half-life (t 1/2 ,eff) are determined from another experiment after a single intravenous bolus injection. The objective of the present study was to develop and verify a method to simultaneously determine Kp,uu and PK parameters from a single intravenous infusion experiment. In this study, nine compounds (atenolol, loperamide, minoxidil, N-[3-(4'-fluorophenyl)-3-(4'-phenylphenoxy)propyl]sarcosine, sulpiride, and four proprietary compounds) were intravenously infused for 4 hours at 1 mg/kg or 24 hours at 1 or 6 mg/kg or bolus injected at 1 mg/kg. Plasma samples were serially collected, and brain and cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected at the end of infusion. The PK parameters were obtained using noncompartmental analysis (NCA) and compartmental analysis. The Kp,uu,brain values of those compounds increased up to 2.86-fold from 4 to 24 hours. The CL calculated from infusion rate over steady-state concentration from the 24-hour infusion studies was more consistent with the CL from the intravenous bolus studies than that from 4-hour infusion studies (CL avg. fold of difference 1.19-1.44 vs. 2.10). The compartmental analysis using one- and two-compartment models demonstrated better performance than NCA regardless of study design. In addition, volume of distribution at steady state and t 1/2,eff could be accurately obtained by one-compartment analysis within 2-fold difference. In conclusion, both unbound brain-to-plasma ratio and PK parameters can be successfully estimated from a 24-hour intravenous infusion study design. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We demonstrated that the extent of brain penetration and pharmacokinetic parameters (such as clearance, Vss, and effective t 1/2) can be determined from a single constant intravenous infusion study in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keumhan Noh
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Xingrong Liu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Cong Wei
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cobb DA, Smith NA, Edagwa BJ, McMillan JM. Long-acting approaches for delivery of antiretroviral drugs for prevention and treatment of HIV: a review of recent research. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1227-1238. [PMID: 32552187 PMCID: PMC7442675 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1783233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite significant advances in treatment and prevention of HIV-1 infection, poor adherence to daily combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens remains a major obstacle toward achieving sustained viral suppression and prevention. Adherence to ART could also be compromised by adverse drug reactions and societal factors that limit access to therapy. Therefore, medicines that aim to improve adherence by limiting ART side effects, frequency of dosing and socially acceptable regimens are becoming more attractive. AREAS COVERED This review highlights recent advances and challenges in the development of long-acting drug delivery strategies for HIV prevention and treatment. Approaches for extended oral and transdermal deliveries, microbicides, broadly neutralizing antibodies, and long-acting implantable and injectable deliveries are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Emerging approaches on long-acting antiretroviral therapies and broadly neutralizing antibody technologies are currently at various stages of development. Such efforts, if successful and become broadly accepted by clinicians and users, will provide newer and simpler options for prevention and treatment of HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise A. Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nathan A. Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benson J. Edagwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JoEllyn M. McMillan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang C, Xie J, Dong X, Mei L, Zhao M, Leng Z, Hu H, Li L, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Clinically Approved Carbon Nanoparticles with Oral Administration for Intestinal Radioprotection via Protecting the Small Intestinal Crypt Stem Cells and Maintaining the Balance of Intestinal Flora. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906915. [PMID: 32187855 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of an old drug for new biomedical applications has an absolute predominance in shortening the clinical conversion time of drugs for clinical application. In this work, carbon nanoparticles suspension injection (CNSI), the first clinically approved carbon nanoparticles in China, is explored as a new nano-radioprotective agent for potent intestinal radioprotection. CNSI shows powerful radioprotective performance in the intestine under oral administration, including efficient free radical scavenging ability, good biosafety, high chemical stability, and relatively long retention time. For example, CNSI shows high reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities, which effectively alleviates the mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA double-strand breaks to protect the cells against radiation-induced damage. Most importantly, this efficient ROS scavenging ability greatly helps restrain the apoptosis of the small intestinal epithelial and crypt stem cells, which decreases the damage of the mechanical barrier and thus relieves radiation enteritis. Moreover, CNSI helps remove the free radicals in the intestinal microenvironment and thus maintain the balance of intestinal flora so as to mitigate the radiation enteritis. The finding suggests a new application of clinically approved carbon nanoparticles, which not only promotes the development of new intestinal radioprotector, but also has a great potential for clinical transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and IHEP-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiani Xie
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xinghua Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and IHEP-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linqiang Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and IHEP-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Maoru Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and IHEP-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhengwei Leng
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
| | - Houxiang Hu
- Academician Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and IHEP-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Galeterone and The Next Generation Galeterone Analogs, VNPP414 and VNPP433-3β Exert Potent Therapeutic Effects in Castration-/Drug-Resistant Prostate Cancer Preclinical Models In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111637. [PMID: 31653008 PMCID: PMC6895912 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
These studies compared the efficacies of our clinical agent galeterone (Gal) and the FDA-approved prostate cancer drug, enzalutamide (ENZ) with two lead next generation galeterone analogs (NGGAs), VNPP414 and VNPP433-3β, using prostate cancer (PC) in vitro and in vivo models. Antitumor activities of orally administered agents were also assessed in CWR22Rv1 tumor-bearing mice. We demonstrated that Gal and NGGAs degraded AR/AR-V7 and Mnk1/2; blocked cell cycle progression and proliferation of human PC cells; induced apoptosis; inhibited cell migration, invasion, and putative stem cell markers; and reversed the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, Gal/NGGAs (alone or in combination) also inhibited the growth of ENZ-, docetaxel-, and mitoxantrone-resistant human PC cell lines. The NGGAs exhibited improved pharmacokinetic profiles over Gal in mice. Importantly, in vivo testing showed that VNPP433-3β (at 7.53-fold lower equimolar dose than Gal) markedly suppressed (84% vs. Gal, 47%; p < 0.01) the growth of castration-resistant PC (CRPC) CWR22Rv1 xenograft tumors, with no apparent host toxicity. ENZ was ineffective in this CRPC xenograft model. In summary, our findings show that targeting AR/AR-V7 and Mnk1/2 for degradation represents an effective therapeutic strategy for PC/CRPC treatment and supports further development of VNPP433-3β towards clinical investigation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Pérez de Vega MJ, Fernandez-Mendivil C, de la Torre Martínez R, González-Rodríguez S, Mullet J, Sala F, Sala S, Criado M, Moreno-Fernández S, Miguel M, Fernández-Carvajal A, Ferrer-Montiel A, López MG, González-Muñiz R. 1-(2',5'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanone (RGM079): A Positive Allosteric Modulator of α7 Nicotinic Receptors with Analgesic and Neuroprotective Activity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3900-3909. [PMID: 31322853 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine α7 nicotinic receptors are widely expressed in the brain, where they are involved in the central processing of pain as well as in neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory processes. Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) show the advantage of allowing the selective regulation of different subtypes of acetylcholine receptors without directly interacting with the agonist binding site. Here, we report the preparation and biological activity of a fluoro-containing compound, 1-(2',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanone (8, RGM079), that behaves as a potent PAM of the α7 receptors and has a balanced pharmacokinetic profile and antioxidant properties comparable or even higher than well-known natural polyphenols. In addition, compound RGM079 shows neuroprotective properties in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-toxicity related models. Thus, it causes a concentration-dependent neuroprotective effect against the toxicity induced by okadaic acid (OA) in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Similarly, in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons, RGM079 is able to restore the cellular viability after exposure to OA and amyloid peptide Aβ1-42, with cell death almost completely prevented at 10 and 30 μM, respectively. Finally, compound RGM079 shows in vivo analgesic activity in the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced paw inflammation model after intraperitoneal administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Fernandez-Mendivil
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Roberto de la Torre Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, Alicante 03202, Spain
| | - Sara González-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, Alicante 03202, Spain
| | - José Mullet
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Alicante 03500, Spain
| | - Francisco Sala
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Alicante 03500, Spain
| | - Salvador Sala
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Alicante 03500, Spain
| | - Manuel Criado
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Alicante 03500, Spain
| | - Silvia Moreno-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Marta Miguel
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Asia Fernández-Carvajal
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, Alicante 03202, Spain
| | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, Elche, Alicante 03202, Spain
| | - Manuela G. López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ghiazza C, Billard T, Dickson C, Tlili A, Gampe CM. Chalcogen OCF
3
Isosteres Modulate Drug Properties without Introducing Inherent Liabilities. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1586-1589. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Ghiazza
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246)Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Thierry Billard
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246)Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
- CERMEP—In vivo ImagingGroupement Hospitalier Est 59 Boulevard Pinel 69003 Lyon France
| | - Callum Dickson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research 181 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Anis Tlili
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246)Université Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Christian M. Gampe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research 181 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Brooks CA, Barton LS, Behm DJ, Eidam HS, Fox RM, Hammond M, Hoang TH, Holt DA, Hilfiker MA, Lawhorn BG, Patterson JR, Stoy P, Roethke TJ, Ye G, Zhao S, Thorneloe KS, Goodman KB, Cheung M. Discovery of GSK2798745: A Clinical Candidate for Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1228-1233. [PMID: 31413810 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GSK2798745, a clinical candidate, was identified as an inhibitor of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel for the treatment of pulmonary edema associated with congestive heart failure. We discuss the lead optimization of this novel spirocarbamate series and specifically focus on our strategies and solutions for achieving desirable potency, rat pharmacokinetics, and physicochemical properties. We highlight the use of conformational bias to deliver potency and optimization of volume of distribution and unbound clearance to enable desirable in vivo mean residence times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl A. Brooks
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Linda S. Barton
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - David J. Behm
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Hilary S. Eidam
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Ryan M. Fox
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Marlys Hammond
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Tram H. Hoang
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Dennis A. Holt
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Mark A. Hilfiker
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Brian G. Lawhorn
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Jaclyn R. Patterson
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Patrick Stoy
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Theresa J. Roethke
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Guosen Ye
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Steve Zhao
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Kevin S. Thorneloe
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Krista B. Goodman
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Mui Cheung
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Broccatelli F, E.C.A Hop C, Wright M. Strategies to optimize drug half-life in lead candidate identification. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:221-230. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1569625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Broccatelli
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cornelis E.C.A Hop
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Wright
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Welin ER, Ngamnithiporn A, Klatte M, Lapointe G, Pototschnig GM, McDermott MSJ, Conklin D, Gilmore CD, Tadross PM, Haley CK, Negoro K, Glibstrup E, Grünanger CU, Allan KM, Virgil SC, Slamon DJ, Stoltz BM. Concise total syntheses of (-)-jorunnamycin A and (-)-jorumycin enabled by asymmetric catalysis. Science 2019; 363:270-275. [PMID: 30573544 PMCID: PMC7017906 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The bis-tetrahydroisoquinoline (bis-THIQ) natural products have been studied intensively over the past four decades for their exceptionally potent anticancer activity, in addition to strong Gram-positive and Gram-negative antibiotic character. Synthetic strategies toward these complex polycyclic compounds have relied heavily on electrophilic aromatic chemistry, such as the Pictet-Spengler reaction, that mimics their biosynthetic pathways. Herein, we report an approach to two bis-THIQ natural products, jorunnamycin A and jorumycin, that instead harnesses the power of modern transition-metal catalysis for the three major bond-forming events and proceeds with high efficiency (15 and 16 steps, respectively). By breaking from biomimicry, this strategy allows for the preparation of a more diverse set of nonnatural analogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Welin
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Aurapat Ngamnithiporn
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Max Klatte
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Guillaume Lapointe
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Gerit M Pototschnig
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Martina S J McDermott
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dylan Conklin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher D Gilmore
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Pamela M Tadross
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Christopher K Haley
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kenji Negoro
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Emil Glibstrup
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Christian U Grünanger
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kevin M Allan
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Scott C Virgil
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Dennis J Slamon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Smith PW, Zuccotto F, Bates RH, Martinez-Martinez MS, Read KD, Peet C, Epemolu O. Pharmacokinetics of β-Lactam Antibiotics: Clues from the Past To Help Discover Long-Acting Oral Drugs in the Future. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1439-1447. [PMID: 30141902 PMCID: PMC6189874 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactams represent perhaps the most important class of antibiotics yet discovered. However, despite many years of active research, none of the currently approved drugs in this class combine oral activity with long duration of action. Recent developments suggest that new β-lactam antibiotics with such a profile would have utility in the treatment of tuberculosis. Consequently, the historical β-lactam pharmacokinetic data have been compiled and analyzed to identify possible directions and drug discovery strategies aimed toward new β-lactam antibiotics with this profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Zuccotto
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School
of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee. DDI 5EH, U.K.
| | - Robert H. Bates
- Global
Health R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Kevin D. Read
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School
of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee. DDI 5EH, U.K.
| | - Caroline Peet
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School
of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee. DDI 5EH, U.K.
| | - Ola Epemolu
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School
of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee. DDI 5EH, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|