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Zhang W, Ma T, Hazra BK, Meyerheim H, Rigvedi P, Yin Z, Srivastava AK, Wang Z, Gu K, Zhou S, Wang S, Yang SH, Guan Y, Parkin SSP. Current-induced domain wall motion in a van der Waals ferromagnet Fe 3GeTe 2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4851. [PMID: 38844818 PMCID: PMC11156869 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The manipulation of spin textures by spin currents is of fundamental and technological interest. A particularly interesting system is the 2D van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2, in which Néel-type skyrmions have recently been observed. The origin of these chiral spin textures is of considerable interest. Recently, it was proposed that these derive from defects in the structure that lower the symmetry and allow for a bulk vector Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction. Here, we demonstrate current-induced domain wall motion in Fe3GeTe2 flakes, in which the maximum domain wall velocity is an order of magnitude higher than those reported in previous studies. In heterostructures with Pt or W layers on top of the Fe3GeTe2 flakes, domain walls can be moved via a combination of spin transfer and spin-orbit torques. The competition between these torques leads to a change in the direction of domain wall motion with increasing magnitude of the injected current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Tianping Ma
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany.
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Binoy Krishna Hazra
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Holger Meyerheim
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Prajwal Rigvedi
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Zihan Yin
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | | | - Zhong Wang
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Ke Gu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Shiming Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shouguo Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - See-Hun Yang
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Yicheng Guan
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Stuart S P Parkin
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany.
- Institute of Physics, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany.
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2
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Yang C, Huang Y, Pei K, Long X, Yang L, Luo Y, Lai Y, Zhang J, Cao G, Che R. Current-Controllable and Reversible Multi-Resistance-State Based on Domain Wall Number Transition in 2D Ferromagnet Fe 3GeTe 2. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311831. [PMID: 38253422 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the multi-state switching is significantly essential for the extensive utilization of 2D ferromagnet in magnetic racetrack memories, topological devices, and neuromorphic computing devices. The development of all-electric functional nanodevices with multi-state switching and a rapid reset remains challenging. Herein, to imitate the potentiation and depression process of biological synapses, a full-current strategy is unprecedently established by the controllable resistance-state switching originating from the spin configuration rearrangement by domain wall number modulation in Fe3GeTe2. In particular, a strong correlation is uncovered in the reduction of domain wall number with the corresponding resistance decreasing by in-situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. Interestingly, the magnetic state is reversed instantly to the multi-domain wall state under a single pulse current with a higher amplitude, attributed to the rapid thermal demagnetization by simulation. Based on the neuromorphic computing system with full-current-driven artificial Fe3GeTe2 synapses with multi-state switching, a high accuracy of ≈91% is achieved in the handwriting image recognition pattern. The results identify 2D ferromagnet as an intriguing candidate for future advanced neuromorphic spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chendi Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yalei Huang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ke Pei
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiumin Long
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Liting Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yuxiang Lai
- Pico Electron Microscopy Center, Innovation Institute for Ocean Materials Characterization, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | | | - Guixin Cao
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Renchao Che
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, China
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3
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Wang QH, Bedoya-Pinto A, Blei M, Dismukes AH, Hamo A, Jenkins S, Koperski M, Liu Y, Sun QC, Telford EJ, Kim HH, Augustin M, Vool U, Yin JX, Li LH, Falin A, Dean CR, Casanova F, Evans RFL, Chshiev M, Mishchenko A, Petrovic C, He R, Zhao L, Tsen AW, Gerardot BD, Brotons-Gisbert M, Guguchia Z, Roy X, Tongay S, Wang Z, Hasan MZ, Wrachtrup J, Yacoby A, Fert A, Parkin S, Novoselov KS, Dai P, Balicas L, Santos EJG. The Magnetic Genome of Two-Dimensional van der Waals Materials. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6960-7079. [PMID: 35442017 PMCID: PMC9134533 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials has recently emerged as one of the most promising areas in condensed matter research, with many exciting emerging properties and significant potential for applications ranging from topological magnonics to low-power spintronics, quantum computing, and optical communications. In the brief time after their discovery, 2D magnets have blossomed into a rich area for investigation, where fundamental concepts in magnetism are challenged by the behavior of spins that can develop at the single layer limit. However, much effort is still needed in multiple fronts before 2D magnets can be routinely used for practical implementations. In this comprehensive review, prominent authors with expertise in complementary fields of 2D magnetism (i.e., synthesis, device engineering, magneto-optics, imaging, transport, mechanics, spin excitations, and theory and simulations) have joined together to provide a genome of current knowledge and a guideline for future developments in 2D magnetic materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hua Wang
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Amilcar Bedoya-Pinto
- NISE
Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure
Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat
de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Mark Blei
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Avalon H. Dismukes
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Assaf Hamo
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Sarah Jenkins
- Twist
Group,
Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Duisburg, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Koperski
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Qi-Chao Sun
- Physikalisches
Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Evan J. Telford
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering
Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of
Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Mathias Augustin
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Uri Vool
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John Harvard
Distinguished Science Fellows Program, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jia-Xin Yin
- Laboratory
for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lu Hua Li
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Alexey Falin
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Cory R. Dean
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Fèlix Casanova
- CIC nanoGUNE
BRTA, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Basque
Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Richard F. L. Evans
- Department
of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Mairbek Chshiev
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Artem Mishchenko
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Cedomir Petrovic
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Rui He
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, 910 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United
States
| | - Liuyan Zhao
- Department
of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Adam W. Tsen
- Institute
for Quantum Computing and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Brian D. Gerardot
- SUPA, Institute
of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Brotons-Gisbert
- SUPA, Institute
of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Zurab Guguchia
- Laboratory
for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer
Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M. Zahid Hasan
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Princeton
Institute for Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Joerg Wrachtrup
- Physikalisches
Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amir Yacoby
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John A.
Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Albert Fert
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Unité
Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
- Department
of Materials Physics UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Stuart Parkin
- NISE
Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure
Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Pengcheng Dai
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Luis Balicas
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department
of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Elton J. G. Santos
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Higgs Centre
for Theoretical Physics, The University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
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4
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Wu Z, Cheng HW, Jin C, Yang B, Xu C, Pei K, Zhang H, Yang Z, Che R. Dimensional Design and Core-Shell Engineering of Nanomaterials for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107538. [PMID: 34755916 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption materials possess exceptionally high EM energy loss efficiency. With vigorous developments in nanotechnology, such materials have exhibited numerous advanced EM functions, including radiation prevention and antiradar stealth. To achieve improved EM performance and multifunctionality, the elaborate control of microstructures has become an attractive research direction. By designing them as core-shell structures with different dimensions, the combined effects, such as interfacial polarization, conduction networks, magnetic coupling, and magnetic-dielectric synergy, can significantly enhance the EM wave absorption performance. Herein, the advances in low-dimensional core-shell EM wave absorption materials are outlined and a selection of the most remarkable examples is discussed. The derived key information regarding dimensional design, structural engineering, performance, and structure-function relationship are comprehensively summarized. Moreover, the investigation of the cutting-edge mechanisms is given particular attention. Additional applications, such as oxidation resistance and self-cleaning functions, are also introduced. Finally, insight into what may be expected from this rapidly expanding field and future challenges are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchen Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Han-Wen Cheng
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Chen Jin
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Bintong Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Xu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Ke Pei
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Renchao Che
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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5
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Liu KL, Luo MB, Zhou X, Lin Q. Cationic complex directed thiostannate layers with excellent proton conduction and photocatalysis properties. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three isostructural thiostannates SnS-M (M = Fe, Mn and Zn) have been fabricated using metal-amine complex cations as structure-directing agents. These thiostannates are composed of typical two-dimensional lamellar [Sn3S7]n2n- anionic...
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6
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Pei K, Liu S, Yang L, Zhang E, Zhang R, Yang C, Ai L, Li Z, Xiu F, Che R. Controllable Domain Walls in Two-Dimensional Ferromagnetic Material Fe 3GeTe 2 Based on the Spin-Transfer Torque Effect. ACS NANO 2021; 15:19513-19521. [PMID: 34894654 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, two-dimensional magnetic material has attracted attention worldwide due to its potential application in magnetic memory devices. The previous concept of domain walls driven by current pulses is a disordered motion. Further investigation of the mechanism is urgently lacking. Here, Fe3GeTe2, a typical high-Curie temperature (TC) two-dimensional magnetic material, is chosen to explore the magnetic domain dynamics by in situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy experiments. It has been found that the stripe domain could be driven, compressed, and expanded by the pulses with a critical current density. Revealed by micromagnetic simulations, all the domain walls cannot move synchronously due to the competition between demagnetization energy and spin-transfer torque effect. In consideration of the reflection of high-frequency pulses, the disordered motion could be well explained together. The multiple stable states of the magnetic structure due to the weak exchange interaction in a two-dimensional magnet provides complex dynamic processes. Based on plenty of experiments, a cluster of domain walls could be more steady and move more synchronously under the drive of pulse current. The complication of domain wall motions presents a challenge in race track memory devices and two-dimensional magnetic material will be a better choice for application research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Pei
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liting Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Enze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruixuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chendi Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Linfeng Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Faxian Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Renchao Che
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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