1
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Okada D, Araoka F. Manipulation of Chiral Nonlinear Optical Effect by Light-Matter Strong Coupling. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38836611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Light-matter strong coupling (LMSC) is an intriguing state in which light and matter are hybridized inside a cavity. It is increasingly recognized as an excellent way to control material properties without any chemical modification. Here, we show that the LMSC is a powerful state for manipulating chiral nonlinear optical (NLO) effects through the investigation of second harmonic generation (SHG) circular dichroism. At the upper polariton band in LMSC, in addition to the enhancement of SHG by more than 1 order of magnitude, the responsivity to the handedness of circularly polarized light was largely modified, where sign inversion and increase of the dissymmetry factor were achieved. Quarter waveplate rotation analysis revealed that the LMSC clearly influenced the coefficients associated with chirality in the NLO process and also contributed to the enhancement of nonlinear magnetic dipole interactions. This study demonstrated that LMSC serves as a great platform for controlling chiral and magneto-optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Okada
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Fumito Araoka
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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2
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Kumar S, Biswas S, Rashid U, Mony KS, Chandrasekharan G, Mattiotti F, Vergauwe RMA, Hagenmuller D, Kaliginedi V, Thomas A. Extraordinary Electrical Conductance through Amorphous Nonconducting Polymers under Vibrational Strong Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38736166 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing the electrical conductance through amorphous nondoped polymers is challenging. Here, we show that vibrational strong coupling (VSC) of intrinsically nonconducting and amorphous polymers such as polystyrene, deuterated polystyrene, and poly(benzyl methacrylate) to the vacuum electromagnetic field of the cavity enhances the electrical conductivity by at least 6 orders of magnitude compared to the uncoupled polymers. Remarkably, the observed extraordinary conductance is vibrational mode selective and occurs only under the VSC of the aromatic C-H(D) out-of-plane bending modes of the polymers. The conductance is thermally activated at the onset of strong coupling and becomes temperature-independent as the collective strong coupling strength increases. The electrical characterizations are performed without external light excitation, demonstrating the role of vacuum electromagnetic field-matter strong coupling in enhancing long-range transport even in amorphous nonconducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560 012, India
| | - Subha Biswas
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560 012, India
| | - Umar Rashid
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560 012, India
| | - Kavya S Mony
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560 012, India
| | - Gokul Chandrasekharan
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560 012, India
| | - Francesco Mattiotti
- University of Strasbourg and CNRS, CESQ and ISIS (UMR 7006), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Robrecht M A Vergauwe
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - David Hagenmuller
- University of Strasbourg and CNRS, CESQ and ISIS (UMR 7006), 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Anoop Thomas
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560 012, India
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3
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Wang Y, Dou W. Electron Transfer at Molecule-Metal Interfaces under Floquet Engineering: Rate Constant and Floquet Marcus Theory. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2024; 4:160-166. [PMID: 38560755 PMCID: PMC10979498 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Electron transfer (ET) at molecule-metal or molecule-semiconductor interfaces is a fundamental reaction that underlies all electrochemical processes and substrate-mediated surface photochemistry. In this study, we show that ET rates near a metal surface can be significantly manipulated by periodic driving (e.g., Floquet engineering). We employ the Floquet surface hopping and Floquet electronic friction algorithms developed previously to calculate the ET rates near the metal surface as a function of driving amplitudes and driving frequencies. We find that ET rates have a turnover effect when the driving frequencies increase. A Floquet Marcus theory is further formulated to analyze such a turnover effect. We then benchmark the Floquet Marcus theory against Floquet surface hopping and Floquet electronic friction methods, indicating that the Floquet Marcus theory works in the strong nonadiabatic regimes but fails in the weak nonadiabatic regimes. We hope these theoretical tools will be useful to study ET rates in the plasmonic cavity and plasmon-assisted photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake
University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute
of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute
for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Wenjie Dou
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake
University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute
of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute
for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
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4
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Sun K, Ribeiro RF. Theoretical formulation of chemical equilibrium under vibrational strong coupling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2405. [PMID: 38493189 PMCID: PMC10944518 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Experiments have suggested that strong interactions between molecular ensembles and infrared microcavities can be employed to control chemical equilibria. Nevertheless, the primary mechanism and key features of the effect remain largely unexplored. In this work, we develop a theory of chemical equilibrium in optical microcavities, which allows us to relate the equilibrium composition of a mixture in different electromagnetic environments. Our theory shows that in planar microcavities under strong coupling with polyatomic molecules, hybrid modes formed between all dipole-active vibrations and cavity resonances contribute to polariton-assisted chemical equilibrium shifts. To illustrate key aspects of our formalism, we explore a model SN2 reaction within a single-mode infrared resonator. Our findings reveal that chemical equilibria can be shifted towards either direction of a chemical reaction, depending on the oscillator strength and frequencies of reactant and product normal modes. Polariton-induced zero-point energy changes provide the dominant contributions, though the effects in idealized single-mode cavities tend to diminish quickly as the temperature and number of molecules increase. Our approach is valid in generic electromagnetic environments and paves the way for understanding and controlling chemical equilibria with microcavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihong Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Raphael F Ribeiro
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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5
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Xiang B, Xiong W. Molecular Polaritons for Chemistry, Photonics and Quantum Technologies. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2512-2552. [PMID: 38416701 PMCID: PMC10941193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Molecular polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from the hybridization between molecular and photonic modes. These composite entities, bearing characteristics inherited from both constituents, exhibit modified energy levels and wave functions, thereby capturing the attention of chemists in the past decade. The potential to modify chemical reactions has spurred many investigations, alongside efforts to enhance and manipulate optical responses for photonic and quantum applications. This Review centers on the experimental advances in this burgeoning field. Commencing with an introduction of the fundamentals, including theoretical foundations and various cavity architectures, we discuss outcomes of polariton-modified chemical reactions. Furthermore, we navigate through the ongoing debates and uncertainties surrounding the underpinning mechanism of this innovative method of controlling chemistry. Emphasis is placed on gaining a comprehensive understanding of the energy dynamics of molecular polaritons, in particular, vibrational molecular polaritons─a pivotal facet in steering chemical reactions. Additionally, we discuss the unique capability of coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy to dissect polariton and dark mode dynamics, offering insights into the critical components within the cavity that alter chemical reactions. We further expand to the potential utility of molecular polaritons in quantum applications as well as precise manipulation of molecular and photonic polarizations, notably in the context of chiral phenomena. This discussion aspires to ignite deeper curiosity and engagement in revealing the physics underpinning polariton-modified molecular properties, and a broad fascination with harnessing photonic environments to control chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries
of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, California 92126, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, San Diego, California 92126, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San
Diego, California 92126, United States
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6
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Sokolovskii I, Groenhof G. Non-Hermitian molecular dynamics simulations of exciton-polaritons in lossy cavities. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:092501. [PMID: 38426514 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The observation that materials can change their properties when placed inside or near an optical resonator has sparked a fervid interest in understanding the effects of strong light-matter coupling on molecular dynamics, and several approaches have been proposed to extend the methods of computational chemistry into this regime. Whereas the majority of these approaches have focused on modeling a single molecule coupled to a single cavity mode, changes to chemistry have so far only been observed experimentally when very many molecules are coupled collectively to multiple modes with short lifetimes. While atomistic simulations of many molecules coupled to multiple cavity modes have been performed with semi-classical molecular dynamics, an explicit description of cavity losses has so far been restricted to simulations in which only a very few molecular degrees of freedom were considered. Here, we have implemented an effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian to explicitly treat cavity losses in large-scale semi-classical molecular dynamics simulations of organic polaritons and used it to perform both mean-field and surface hopping simulations of polariton relaxation, propagation, and energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Sokolovskii
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Gerrit Groenhof
- Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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7
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Kadyan A, Suresh MP, Johns B, George J. Understanding the Nature of Vibro-Polaritonic States in Water and Heavy Water. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300560. [PMID: 38117002 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Very recent experiments on vibrational strong coupling tend to modify chemical reactivity, energy transfer, and many other physical properties of the coupled system. This is achieved without external stimuli and is very sensitive to the vibrational envelope. Water is an excellent vibrational oscillator, which is being used for similar experiments. However, the inhomogeneously broad OH/OD stretching vibrational band make it complicated to characterize the vibro-polaritonic states spectroscopically. In this paper, we performed vibrational strong coupling and mapped the evolution of vibro-polaritonic branches from low to high concentration of H2 O and measured the on-set of strong coupling. The refractive index dispersion is correlated with the cavity tuning experiments. These results are further compared with transfer matrix simulations. Simulated data deviate as noted in the dispersion spectra as the system enters into ultra-strong coupling due to enhanced self-dipolar interactions. Hopfield coefficients calculation shows that even at ±400 cm-1 detuning, the vibro-polaritonic states still possess hybrid characteristics. We systematically varied the concentration of H2 O and mapped the weak, intermediate, and strong coupling regimes to understand the role of inhomogeneously broad OH/OD stretching vibrational band. Our finding may help to better understand the role of H2 O/D2 O strong coupling in the recent polaritonic chemistry experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila Kadyan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Monu P Suresh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Ben Johns
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Jino George
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
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8
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Bhuyan R, Mony J, Kotov O, Castellanos GW, Gómez Rivas J, Shegai TO, Börjesson K. The Rise and Current Status of Polaritonic Photochemistry and Photophysics. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10877-10919. [PMID: 37683254 PMCID: PMC10540218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between molecular electronic transitions and electromagnetic fields can be enlarged to the point where distinct hybrid light-matter states, polaritons, emerge. The photonic contribution to these states results in increased complexity as well as an opening to modify the photophysics and photochemistry beyond what normally can be seen in organic molecules. It is today evident that polaritons offer opportunities for molecular photochemistry and photophysics, which has caused an ever-rising interest in the field. Focusing on the experimental landmarks, this review takes its reader from the advent of the field of polaritonic chemistry, over the split into polariton chemistry and photochemistry, to present day status within polaritonic photochemistry and photophysics. To introduce the field, the review starts with a general description of light-matter interactions, how to enhance these, and what characterizes the coupling strength. Then the photochemistry and photophysics of strongly coupled systems using Fabry-Perot and plasmonic cavities are described. This is followed by a description of room-temperature Bose-Einstein condensation/polariton lasing in polaritonic systems. The review ends with a discussion on the benefits, limitations, and future developments of strong exciton-photon coupling using organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhuyan
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Mony
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Oleg Kotov
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gabriel W. Castellanos
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir
Institute and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaime Gómez Rivas
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir
Institute and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timur O. Shegai
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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9
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Di Virgilio L, Geuchies JJ, Kim H, Krewer K, Wang H, Grechko M, Bonn M. Controlling the electro-optic response of a semiconducting perovskite coupled to a phonon-resonant cavity. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:183. [PMID: 37491336 PMCID: PMC10368682 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Optical cavities, resonant with vibrational or electronic transitions of material within the cavity, enable control of light-matter interaction. Previous studies have reported cavity-induced modifications of chemical reactivity, fluorescence, phase behavior, and charge transport. Here, we explore the effect of resonant cavity-phonon coupling on the transient photoconductivity in a hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite. To this end, we measure the ultrafast photoconductivity response of perovskite in a tunable Fabry-Pérot terahertz cavity, designed to be transparent for optical excitation. The terahertz-cavity field-phonon interaction causes apparent Rabi splitting between the perovskite phonon mode and the cavity mode. We explore whether the cavity-phonon interaction affects the material's electron-phonon interaction by determining the charge-carrier mobility through photoconductivity. Despite the apparent hybridization of cavity and phonon modes, we show that the perovskite properties in both ground (phonon response) and excited (photoconductive response) states remain unaffected by the tunable light-matter interaction. Yet the response of the integral perovskite-terahertz optical cavity system depends critically on the interaction strength of the cavity with the phonon: the transient terahertz response to optical excitation can be increased up to threefold by tuning the cavity-perovskite interaction strength. These results enable tunable switches and frequency-controlled induced transparency devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Di Virgilio
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jaco J Geuchies
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heejae Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, 37673, Pohang, Korea
| | - Keno Krewer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maksim Grechko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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10
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Lieberherr AZ, Furniss STE, Lawrence JE, Manolopoulos DE. Vibrational strong coupling in liquid water from cavity molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:234106. [PMID: 37326163 DOI: 10.1063/5.0156808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We assess the cavity molecular dynamics method for the calculation of vibrational polariton spectra using liquid water as a specific example. We begin by disputing a recent suggestion that nuclear quantum effects may lead to a broadening of polariton bands, finding instead that they merely result in anharmonic red shifts in the polariton frequencies. We go on to show that our simulated cavity spectra can be reproduced to graphical accuracy with a harmonic model that uses just the cavity-free spectrum and the geometry of the cavity as input. We end by showing that this harmonic model can be combined with the experimental cavity-free spectrum to give results in good agreement with optical cavity measurements. Since the input to our harmonic model is equivalent to the input to the transfer matrix method of applied optics, we conclude that cavity molecular dynamics cannot provide any more insight into the effect of vibrational strong coupling on the absorption spectrum than this transfer matrix method, which is already widely used by experimentalists to corroborate their cavity results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Z Lieberherr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Seth T E Furniss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph E Lawrence
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David E Manolopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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11
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Aroeira GJR, Kairys KT, Ribeiro RF. Theoretical Analysis of Exciton Wave Packet Dynamics in Polaritonic Wires. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:5681-5691. [PMID: 37314883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive study of the exciton wave packet evolution in disordered lossless polaritonic wires. Our simulations reveal signatures of ballistic, diffusive, and subdiffusive exciton dynamics under strong light-matter coupling and identify the typical time scales associated with the transitions between these qualitatively distinct transport phenomena. We determine optimal truncations of the matter and radiation subsystems required for generating reliable time-dependent data from computational simulations at an affordable cost. The time evolution of the photonic part of the wave function reveals that many cavity modes contribute to the dynamics in a nontrivial fashion. Hence, a sizable number of photon modes is needed to describe exciton propagation with a reasonable accuracy. We find and discuss an intriguingly common lack of dominance of the photon mode on resonance with matter in both the presence and absence of disorder. We discuss the implications of our investigations for the development of theoretical models and analysis of experiments where coherent intermolecular energy transport and static disorder play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo J R Aroeira
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kyle T Kairys
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Raphael F Ribeiro
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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12
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Wang Y, Dou W. Nonadiabatic dynamics near metal surface with periodic drivings: A Floquet surface hopping algorithm. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2895265. [PMID: 37290089 DOI: 10.1063/5.0148418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We develop a Floquet surface hopping approach to deal with nonadiabatic dynamics of molecules near metal surfaces subjected to time-periodic drivings from strong light-matter interactions. The method is based on a Floquet classical master equation (FCME) derived from a Floquet quantum master equation (FQME), followed by a Wigner transformation to treat nuclear motion classically. We then propose different trajectory surface hopping algorithms to solve the FCME. We find that a Floquet averaged surface hopping with electron density (FaSH-density) algorithm works the best as benchmarked with the FQME, capturing both the fast oscillations due to the driving and the correct steady-state observables. This method will be very useful to study strong light-matter interactions with a manifold of electronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjie Dou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Bhatt P, Dutta J, Kaur K, George J. Long-Range Energy Transfer in Strongly Coupled Donor-Acceptor Phototransistors. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37235844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Strong light-matter coupling offers a way to tailor the optoelectronic properties of materials. Energy transfer between strongly coupled donor-acceptor pairs shows remarkable efficiency beyond the Förster distance via coupling through a confined photon. This long-range energy transfer is facilitated through the collective nature of polaritonic states. Here, the cooperative, strong coupling of a donor (MoS2 monolayer) and an acceptor (BRK) generates mixed polaritonic states. The photocurrent spectrum of the MoS2 monolayer is measured in a field effect transistor while coupling the two oscillators to the confined cavity mode. The strongly coupled system shows efficient energy transfer, which is observed through the photoresponsivity even the donor and acceptor are physically separated by 500 Å. These studies are further correlated with the Hopfield coefficients and the overlap integral of the lower polaritonic and uncoupled/dark states. Cavity detuning and distance-dependent studies support the above evidence. These observations open new avenues for using long-range interaction of polaritonic states in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Bhatt
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Jhuma Dutta
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Kuljeet Kaur
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Jino George
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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14
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Bai J, Wang Z, Zhong C, Hou S, Lian J, Si Q, Gao F, Zhang F. Vibrational coupling with O-H stretching increases catalytic efficiency of sucrase in Fabry-Pérot microcavity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 652:31-34. [PMID: 36809702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational strong coupling (VSC) has been reported as a polariton-based method for modulating the rate of biochemical reactions. Herein, we studied how VSC modulates the sucrose hydrolysis. By monitoring the refractive index-induced shift of Fabry-Pérot microcavity, in which the catalytic efficiency of sucrose hydrolysis can be increased at least two times, as VSC was tuned to resonate with the stretching vibration of O-H bonds. This research provides new evidence for applying VSC in life sciences, which holds great promise to improving enzymatic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Bai
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Chengjian Zhong
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Shaojie Hou
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jiaqi Lian
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Qiankang Si
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China; Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China.
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15
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Balasubrahmaniyam M, Simkhovich A, Golombek A, Sandik G, Ankonina G, Schwartz T. From enhanced diffusion to ultrafast ballistic motion of hybrid light-matter excitations. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:338-344. [PMID: 36646793 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transport of excitons and charge carriers in molecular systems can be enhanced by coherent coupling to photons, giving rise to the formation of hybrid excitations known as polaritons. Such enhancement has far-reaching technological implications; however, the enhancement mechanism and the transport nature of these hybrid excitations remain elusive. Here we map the ultrafast spatiotemporal dynamics of polaritons formed by mixing surface-bound optical waves with Frenkel excitons in a self-assembled molecular layer, resolving polariton dynamics in energy/momentum space. We find that the interplay between the molecular disorder and long-range correlations induced by coherent mixing with light leads to a mobility transition between diffusive and ballistic transport, which can be controlled by varying the light-matter composition of the polaritons. Furthermore, we show that coupling to light enhances the diffusion coefficient of molecular excitons by six orders of magnitude and even leads to ballistic flow at two-thirds the speed of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukundakumar Balasubrahmaniyam
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arie Simkhovich
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adina Golombek
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gal Sandik
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Ankonina
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tal Schwartz
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and Tel Aviv University Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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16
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Fiedler J, Berland K, Borchert JW, Corkery RW, Eisfeld A, Gelbwaser-Klimovsky D, Greve MM, Holst B, Jacobs K, Krüger M, Parsons DF, Persson C, Presselt M, Reisinger T, Scheel S, Stienkemeier F, Tømterud M, Walter M, Weitz RT, Zalieckas J. Perspectives on weak interactions in complex materials at different length scales. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2671-2705. [PMID: 36637007 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03349f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite materials consist of nanometer-sized quantum objects such as atoms, molecules, voids or nanoparticles embedded in a host material. These quantum objects can be exploited as a super-structure, which can be designed to create material properties targeted for specific applications. For electromagnetism, such targeted properties include field enhancements around the bandgap of a semiconductor used for solar cells, directional decay in topological insulators, high kinetic inductance in superconducting circuits, and many more. Despite very different application areas, all of these properties are united by the common aim of exploiting collective interaction effects between quantum objects. The literature on the topic spreads over very many different disciplines and scientific communities. In this review, we present a cross-disciplinary overview of different approaches for the creation, analysis and theoretical description of nanocomposites with applications related to electromagnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fiedler
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - K Berland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Ås Universitetstunet 3, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - J W Borchert
- 1st Institute of Physics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R W Corkery
- Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Eisfeld
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Gelbwaser-Klimovsky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Helen Diller Quantum Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - M M Greve
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - B Holst
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - K Jacobs
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Center for Biophysics, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Max Planck School Matter to Life, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Krüger
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - D F Parsons
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - C Persson
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Presselt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - T Reisinger
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - S Scheel
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Tømterud
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - M Walter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R T Weitz
- 1st Institute of Physics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Zalieckas
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
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17
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Wu W, Sifain AE, Delpo CA, Scholes GD. Polariton enhanced free charge carrier generation in donor-acceptor cavity systems by a second-hybridization mechanism. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:161102. [PMID: 36319424 DOI: 10.1063/5.0122497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cavity quantum electrodynamics has been studied as a potential approach to modify free charge carrier generation in donor-acceptor heterojunctions because of the delocalization and controllable energy level properties of hybridized light-matter states known as polaritons. However, in many experimental systems, cavity coupling decreases charge separation. Here, we theoretically study the quantum dynamics of a coherent and dissipative donor-acceptor cavity system, to investigate the dynamical mechanism and further discover the conditions under which polaritons may enhance free charge carrier generation. We use open quantum system methods based on single-pulse pumping to find that polaritons have the potential to connect excitonic states and charge separated states, further enhancing free charge generation on an ultrafast timescale of several hundred femtoseconds. The mechanism involves polaritons with optimal energy levels that allow the exciton to overcome the high Coulomb barrier induced by electron-hole attraction. Moreover, we propose that a second-hybridization between a polariton state and dark states with similar energy enables the formation of the hybrid charge separated states that are optically active. These two mechanisms lead to a maximum of 50% enhancement of free charge carrier generation on a short timescale. However, our simulation reveals that on the longer timescale of picoseconds, internal conversion and cavity loss dominate and suppress free charge carrier generation, reproducing the experimental results. Thus, our work shows that polaritons can affect the charge separation mechanism and promote free charge carrier generation efficiency, but predominantly on a short timescale after photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Andrew E Sifain
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Courtney A Delpo
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
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18
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Fukushima T, Yoshimitsu S, Murakoshi K. Inherent Promotion of Ionic Conductivity via Collective Vibrational Strong Coupling of Water with the Vacuum Electromagnetic Field. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12177-12183. [PMID: 35737737 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonding interactions among water molecules play a critical role in chemical reactivity, dynamic proton mobility, static dielectric behavior, and the thermodynamic properties of water. In this study, we demonstrate the modification of ionic conductivity of water through hybridization with a vacuum electromagnetic field by strongly coupling the O─H stretching mode of H2O to a Fabry-Perot cavity mode. The hybridization generates collective vibro-polaritonic states, thereby enhancing the proton conductivity by an order of magnitude at resonance. In addition, the dielectric constants increase at resonance in the coupled state. The findings presented herein reveal how a vacuum electromagnetic environment can be engineered to control the ground-state properties of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Fukushima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Soushi Yoshimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kei Murakoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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19
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Pandya R, Ashoka A, Georgiou K, Sung J, Jayaprakash R, Renken S, Gai L, Shen Z, Rao A, Musser AJ. Tuning the Coherent Propagation of Organic Exciton-Polaritons through Dark State Delocalization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105569. [PMID: 35474309 PMCID: PMC9218652 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While there have been numerous reports of long-range polariton transport at room-temperature in organic cavities, the spatiotemporal evolution of the propagation is scarcely reported, particularly in the initial coherent sub-ps regime, where photon and exciton wavefunctions are inextricably mixed. Hence the detailed process of coherent organic exciton-polariton transport and, in particular, the role of dark states has remained poorly understood. Here, femtosecond transient absorption microscopy is used to directly image coherent polariton motion in microcavities of varying quality factor. The transport is found to be well-described by a model of band-like propagation of an initially Gaussian distribution of exciton-polaritons in real space. The velocity of the polaritons reaches values of ≈ 0.65 × 106 m s-1 , substantially lower than expected from the polariton dispersion. Further, it is found that the velocity is proportional to the quality factor of the microcavity. This unexpected link between the quality-factor and polariton velocity is suggested to be a result of varying admixing between delocalized dark and polariton states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pandya
- Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJ.J. Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
- Laboratoire Kastler BrosselÉcole Normale Superiéure‐Université PSLCNRSSorbonne UniversitéCollege de FranceParis75005France
| | - Arjun Ashoka
- Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJ.J. Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Kyriacos Georgiou
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7RHUK
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of CyprusP. O. Box 20537Nicosia1678Cyprus
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJ.J. Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Rahul Jayaprakash
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7RHUK
| | - Scott Renken
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Lizhi Gai
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material TechnologyMinistry of EducationHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou311121China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination and ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210046China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination and ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210046China
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeJ.J. Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Andrew J. Musser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
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20
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Jarc G, Mathengattil SY, Giusti F, Barnaba M, Singh A, Montanaro A, Glerean F, Rigoni EM, Zilio SD, Winnerl S, Fausti D. Tunable cryogenic terahertz cavity for strong light-matter coupling in complex materials. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:033102. [PMID: 35365020 DOI: 10.1063/5.0080045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report here the realization and commissioning of an experiment dedicated to the study of the optical properties of light-matter hybrids constituted of crystalline samples embedded in an optical cavity. The experimental assembly developed offers the unique opportunity to study the weak and strong coupling regimes between a tunable optical cavity in cryogenic environment and low energy degrees of freedom, such as phonons, magnons, or charge fluctuations. We describe here the setup developed that allows for the positioning of crystalline samples in an optical cavity of different quality factors, the tuning of the cavity length at cryogenic temperatures, and its optical characterization with a broadband time domain THz spectrometer (0.2-6 THz). We demonstrate the versatility of the setup by studying the vibrational strong coupling in CuGeO3 single crystal at cryogenic temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Jarc
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Giusti
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Barnaba
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34127 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Montanaro
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Glerean
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Enrico Maria Rigoni
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Stephan Winnerl
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniele Fausti
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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21
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Sandeep K, Joseph K, Gautier J, Nagarajan K, Sujith M, Thomas KG, Ebbesen TW. Manipulating the Self-Assembly of Phenyleneethynylenes under Vibrational Strong Coupling. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1209-1214. [PMID: 35089035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The chemical and physical properties of molecules and materials are known to be modified significantly under vibrational strong coupling (VSC). To gain insight into the effects of VSC on π-π interactions involved in molecular self-assembly, themselves sensitive to vacuum electromagnetic field fluctuations, the aggregation of two structural isomers (linear and V-shaped) of phenyleneethynylene under cooperative coupling was investigated. By coupling the aromatic C═C stretching band, the assembly of one of the molecules results in the formation of spheres as opposed to flakes under normal conditions. As a consequence, the electronic absorption and emission spectra of the self-assembled structures are also modified significantly. The VSC-induced changes depend not only on the type of vibration that is coupled but also on the symmetry of the phenyleneethynylene isomer. These results confirm that VSC can be used to drive molecular assemblies to new structural minima and thereby provide a new tool for supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulangara Sandeep
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kripa Joseph
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérôme Gautier
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kalaivanan Nagarajan
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Meleppatt Sujith
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Vithura 695 551, India
| | - K George Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Vithura 695 551, India
| | - Thomas W Ebbesen
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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22
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Chen M, Guo J, Mo F, Meng H, Yu W, Fu Y. Self-enhanced photoelectrochemical sensor based on a Schottky heterostructure organic electron donor matrix. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:455-458. [PMID: 34907405 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04500h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A self-enhanced photoelectrochemical copper ions sensor was constructed using an organic electron donor matrix with a Schottky heterostructure prepared from dopamine and single walled carbon nanohorns. The determination of Cu2+ with no additional electron donor solution, with high sensitivity and low background, provides new inspiration for the development of photoelectric sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Jiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Fangjing Mo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Wangqing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Yingzi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China.
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23
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Fassioli F, Park KH, Bard SE, Scholes GD. Femtosecond Photophysics of Molecular Polaritons. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11444-11459. [PMID: 34792371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Molecular polaritons are hybrid states of photonic and molecular character that form when molecules strongly interact with light. Strong coupling tunes energy levels and, importantly, can modify molecular properties (e.g., photoreaction rates), opening an avenue for novel polariton chemistry. In this Perspective, we focus on the collective aspects of strongly coupled molecular systems and how this pertains to the dynamical response of such systems, which, though of key importance for attaining modified function under polariton formation, is still not well-understood. We discuss how the ultrafast time and spectral resolution make pump-probe spectroscopy an ideal tool to reveal the energy-transfer pathways from polariton states to other molecular states of functional interest. Finally, we illustrate how analyzing the free (rather than electronic) energy structure in molecular polariton systems may provide new clues into how energy flows and thus how strong coupling may be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fassioli
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- SISSA - Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste 34136, Italy
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Sarah E Bard
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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24
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Nagarajan K, Thomas A, Ebbesen TW. Chemistry under Vibrational Strong Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16877-16889. [PMID: 34609858 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the possibility of manipulating chemistry and material properties using hybrid light-matter states has stimulated considerable interest. Hybrid light-matter states can be generated by placing molecules in an optical cavity that is resonant with a molecular transition. Importantly, the hybridization occurs even in the dark because the coupling process involves the zero-point fluctuations of the optical mode (a.k.a. vacuum field) and the molecular transition. In other words, unlike photochemistry, no real photon is required to induce this strong coupling phenomenon. Strong coupling in general, but vibrational strong coupling (VSC) in particular, offers exciting possibilities for molecular and, more generally, material science. Not only is it a new tool to control chemical reactivity, but it also gives insight into which vibrations are involved in a reaction. This Perspective gives the underlying fundamentals of light-matter strong coupling, including a mini-tutorial on the practical issues to achieve VSC. Recent advancements in "vibro-polaritonic chemistry" and related topics are presented along with the challenges for this exciting new field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaivanan Nagarajan
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anoop Thomas
- Department of Inorganic & Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Thomas W Ebbesen
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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25
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DelPo CA, Khan SUZ, Park KH, Kudisch B, Rand BP, Scholes GD. Polariton Decay in Donor-Acceptor Cavity Systems. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9774-9782. [PMID: 34595929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced delocalization is beneficial for absorbing molecules in organic solar cells, and in particular bilayer devices, where excitons face small diffusion lengths as a barrier to reaching the charge-generating donor-acceptor interface. As hybrid light-matter states, polaritons offer exceptional delocalization which could be used to improve the efficiency of bilayer organic photovoltaics. Polariton delocalization can aid in delivering excitons to the donor-acceptor interface, but the subsequent charge transfer event must compete with the fast decay of the polariton. To evaluate the viability of polaritons as tools to improve bilayer organic solar cells, we studied the decay of the lower polariton in three cavity systems: a donor only, a donor-acceptor bilayer, and a donor-acceptor blend. Using several spectroscopic techniques, we identified an additional decay pathway through charge transfer for the polariton in the bilayer cavity, demonstrating charge transfer from the polariton is fast enough to outcompete the decay to the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A DelPo
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Saeed-Uz-Zaman Khan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Bryan Kudisch
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Barry P Rand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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26
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Joseph K, Kushida S, Smarsly E, Ihiawakrim D, Thomas A, Paravicini‐Bagliani GL, Nagarajan K, Vergauwe R, Devaux E, Ersen O, Bunz UHF, Ebbesen TW. Supramolecular Assembly of Conjugated Polymers under Vibrational Strong Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kripa Joseph
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Soh Kushida
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba 305-8577 Japan
| | - Emanuel Smarsly
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg INF 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Dris Ihiawakrim
- University of Strasbourg CNRS, IPCMS 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg France
| | - Anoop Thomas
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
- Present address: Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 Bengaluru India
| | | | - Kalaivanan Nagarajan
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Robrecht Vergauwe
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Eloise Devaux
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- University of Strasbourg CNRS, IPCMS 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg France
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg INF 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Thomas W. Ebbesen
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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27
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Bhatt P, Kaur K, George J. Enhanced Charge Transport in Two-Dimensional Materials through Light-Matter Strong Coupling. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13616-13622. [PMID: 34347448 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strong light-matter interaction of functional materials is emerging as a promising area of research. Recent experiments suggest that material properties like charge transport can be controlled by coupling to a vacuum electromagnetic field. Here, we explored the design of a Fabry-Perot cavity in a field-effect transistor configuration and studied the charge transport in two-dimensional materials. The optical and electrical measurements of strongly coupled WS2 suggest an enhancement of electron transport at room temperature. Electron mobility is enhanced more than 50 times at ON resonance conditions. Similarly, Ion/Ioff ratio of the device increased by 2 orders of magnitude without chemical modification of the active layer. Cavity tuning and coupling strength-dependent studies support the evidence of modifying the electronic properties of the coupled system. A clear correlation in the effective mass of the polaritonic state and Schottky barrier height indicates a collective nature of light-matter interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Bhatt
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Kuljeet Kaur
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Jino George
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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28
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Joseph K, Kushida S, Smarsly E, Ihiawakrim D, Thomas A, Paravicini-Bagliani GL, Nagarajan K, Vergauwe R, Devaux E, Ersen O, Bunz UHF, Ebbesen TW. Supramolecular Assembly of Conjugated Polymers under Vibrational Strong Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19665-19670. [PMID: 34255910 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling plays a significant role in influencing chemical reactions and tuning material properties by modifying the energy landscapes of the systems. Here we study the effect of vibrational strong coupling (VSC) on supramolecular organization. For this purpose, a rigid-rod conjugated polymer known to form gels was strongly coupled together with its solvent in a microfluidic IR Fabry-Perot cavity. Absorption and fluorescence studies indicate a large modification of the self-assembly under such cooperative VSC. Electron microscopy confirms that in this case, the supramolecular morphology is totally different from that observed in the absence of strong coupling. In addition, the self-assembly kinetics are altered and depend on the solvent vibration under VSC. The results are compared to kinetic isotope effects on the self-assembly to help clarify the role of different parameters under strong coupling. These findings indicate that VSC is a valuable new tool for controlling supramolecular assemblies with broad implications for the molecular and material sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kripa Joseph
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Soh Kushida
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Emanuel Smarsly
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, INF 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dris Ihiawakrim
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anoop Thomas
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Present address: Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Kalaivanan Nagarajan
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Robrecht Vergauwe
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eloise Devaux
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS, 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, INF 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas W Ebbesen
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS & icFRC, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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29
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Garcia-Vidal FJ, Ciuti C, Ebbesen TW. Manipulating matter by strong coupling to vacuum fields. Science 2021; 373:373/6551/eabd0336. [PMID: 34244383 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a surge of interest in the ability of hybrid light-matter states to control the properties of matter and chemical reactivity. Such hybrid states can be generated by simply placing a material in the spatially confined electromagnetic field of an optical resonator, such as that provided by two parallel mirrors. This occurs even in the dark because it is electromagnetic fluctuations of the cavity (the vacuum field) that strongly couple with the material. Experimental and theoretical studies have shown that the mere presence of these hybrid states can enhance properties such as transport, magnetism, and superconductivity and modify (bio)chemical reactivity. This emerging field is highly multidisciplinary, and much of its potential has yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Garcia-Vidal
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain. .,Donostia International Physics Center, E-20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Cristiano Ciuti
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS-UMR7162, 75013 Paris, France.
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30
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Thomas A, Devaux E, Nagarajan K, Rogez G, Seidel M, Richard F, Genet C, Drillon M, Ebbesen TW. Large Enhancement of Ferromagnetism under a Collective Strong Coupling of YBCO Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4365-4370. [PMID: 33945283 PMCID: PMC8161414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Light-Matter strong coupling in the vacuum limit has been shown, over the past decade, to enhance material properties. Oxide nanoparticles are known to exhibit weak ferromagnetism due to vacancies in the lattice. Here we report the 700-fold enhancement of the ferromagnetism of YBa2Cu3O7-x nanoparticles under a cooperative strong coupling at room temperature. The magnetic moment reaches 0.90 μB/mol, and with such a high value, it competes with YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductivity at low temperatures. This strong ferromagnetism at room temperature suggest that strong coupling is a new tool for the development of next-generation magnetic and spintronic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Thomas
- University
of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée G. Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eloise Devaux
- University
of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée G. Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kalaivanan Nagarajan
- University
of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée G. Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Rogez
- University
of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marcus Seidel
- University
of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée G. Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fanny Richard
- University
of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée G. Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyriaque Genet
- University
of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée G. Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marc Drillon
- University
of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas W. Ebbesen
- University
of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée G. Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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31
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Large optical nonlinearity enhancement under electronic strong coupling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1486. [PMID: 33674577 PMCID: PMC7935967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical responses provide a powerful way to understand the microscopic interactions between laser fields and matter. They are critical for plenty of applications, such as in lasers, integrated photonic circuits, biosensing and medical tools. However, most materials exhibit weak optical nonlinearities or long response times when they interact with intense optical fields. Here, we strongly couple the exciton of cyanine dye J-aggregates to an optical mode of a Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity, and achieve an enhancement of the complex nonlinear refractive index by two orders of magnitude compared with that of the uncoupled condition. Moreover, the coupled system shows an ultrafast response of ~120 fs that we extract from optical cross-correlation measurements. The ultrafast and large enhancement of the optical nonlinar coefficients in this work paves the way for exploring strong coupling effects on various third-order nonlinear optical phenomena and for technological applications. Nonlinear optical response of the material plays a crucial role in light-matter interactions and is important for practical applications. Here, the authors report enhancement of optical nonlinearity of J-aggregate cyanine molecules due to strong coupling between the molecules and an optical cavity.
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