1
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Sousa FB, Nadas R, Martins R, Barboza APM, Soares JS, Neves BRA, Silvestre I, Jorio A, Malard LM. Disentangling doping and strain effects at defects of grown MoS 2 monolayers with nano-optical spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12923-12933. [PMID: 38805074 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00837e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The role of defects in two-dimensional semiconductors and how they affect the intrinsic properties of these materials have been a widely researched topic over the past few decades. Optical characterization techniques such as photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopies are important tools to probe the physical properties of semiconductors and the impact of defects. However, confocal optical techniques present a spatial resolution limitation lying in a μm-scale, which can be overcome by the use of near-field optical measurements. Here, we use tip-enhanced photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopies to unveil the nanoscale optical properties of grown MoS2 monolayers, revealing that the impact of doping and strain can be disentangled by the combination of both techniques. A noticeable enhancement of the exciton peak intensity corresponding to trion emission quenching is observed at narrow regions down to a width of 47 nm at grain boundaries related to doping effects. Besides, localized strain fields inside the sample lead to non-uniformities in the intensity and energy position of photoluminescence peaks. Finally, two distinct MoS2 samples present different nano-optical responses at their edges associated with opposite strains. The edge of the first sample shows a photoluminescence intensity enhancement and energy blueshift corresponding to a frequency blueshift for E2g and 2LA Raman modes. In contrast, the other sample displays a photoluminescence energy redshift and frequency red shifts for E2g and 2LA Raman modes at their edges. Our work highlights the potential of combining tip-enhanced photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopies to probe localized strain fields and doping effects related to defects in two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico B Sousa
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Nadas
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil.
- FabNS, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Rafael Martins
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Ana P M Barboza
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S Soares
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Bernardo R A Neves
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil.
| | - Ive Silvestre
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Ado Jorio
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil.
| | - Leandro M Malard
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil.
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2
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Liu H, Zhang T, Wu P, Lee HW, Liu Z, Tang TW, Tang SY, Kang T, Park JH, Wang J, Zhang K, Zheng X, Peng YR, Chueh YL, Liu Y, Palacios T, Kong J, Luo Z. Boosting Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Growth by Hydrogen-Free Ramping during Chemical Vapor Deposition. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:8277-8286. [PMID: 38949123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The controlled vapor-phase synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is essential for functional applications. While chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques have been successful for transition metal sulfides, extending these methods to selenides and tellurides often faces challenges due to uncertain roles of hydrogen (H2) in their synthesis. Using CVD growth of MoSe2 as an example, this study illustrates the role of a H2-free environment during temperature ramping in suppressing the reduction of MoO3, which promotes effective vaporization and selenization of the Mo precursor to form MoSe2 monolayers with excellent crystal quality. As-synthesized MoSe2 monolayer-based field-effect transistors show excellent carrier mobility of up to 20.9 cm2/(V·s) with an on-off ratio of 7 × 107. This approach can be extended to other TMDs, such as WSe2, MoTe2, and MoSe2/WSe2 in-plane heterostructures. Our work provides a rational and facile approach to reproducibly synthesize high-quality TMD monolayers, facilitating their translation from laboratory to manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hae Won Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhenjing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tsz Wing Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Shin-Yi Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ting Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Hoon Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Kenan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xudong Zheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yu-Ren Peng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Lun Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tomás Palacios
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhengtang Luo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
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3
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Mooshammer F, Xu X, Trovatello C, Peng ZH, Yang B, Amontree J, Zhang S, Hone J, Dean CR, Schuck PJ, Basov DN. Enabling Waveguide Optics in Rhombohedral-Stacked Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Laser-Patterned Grating Couplers. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4118-4130. [PMID: 38261768 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Waveguides play a key role in the implementation of on-chip optical elements and, therefore, lie at the heart of integrated photonics. To add the functionalities of layered materials to existing technologies, dedicated fabrication protocols are required. Here, we build on laser writing to pattern grating structures into bulk noncentrosymmetric transition metal dichalcogenides with grooves as sharp as 250 nm. Using thin flakes of 3R-MoS2 that act as waveguides for near-infrared light, we demonstrate the functionality of the grating couplers with two complementary experiments: first, nano-optical imaging is used to visualize transverse electric and magnetic modes, whose directional outcoupling is captured by finite element simulations. Second, waveguide second-harmonic generation is demonstrated by grating-coupling femtosecond pulses into the slabs in which the radiation partially undergoes frequency doubling throughout the propagation. Our work provides a straightforward strategy for laser patterning of van der Waals crystals, demonstrates the feasibility of compact frequency converters, and examines the tuning knobs that enable optimized coupling into layered waveguides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Mooshammer
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Chiara Trovatello
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Zhi Hao Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Birui Yang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jacob Amontree
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - P James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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4
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Yu J, Wu S, Zhao X, Li Z, Yang X, Shen Q, Lu M, Xie X, Zhan D, Yan J. Progress on Two-Dimensional Transitional Metal Dichalcogenides Alloy Materials: Growth, Characterisation, and Optoelectronic Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2843. [PMID: 37947689 PMCID: PMC10649960 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have garnered remarkable attention in electronics, optoelectronics, and hydrogen precipitation catalysis due to their exceptional physicochemical properties. Their utilisation in optoelectronic devices is especially notable for overcoming graphene's zero-band gap limitation. Moreover, TMDs offer advantages such as direct band gap transitions, high carrier mobility, and efficient switching ratios. Achieving precise adjustments to the electronic properties and band gap of 2D semiconductor materials is crucial for enhancing their capabilities. Researchers have explored the creation of 2D alloy phases through heteroatom doping, a strategy employed to fine-tune the band structure of these materials. Current research on 2D alloy materials encompasses diverse aspects like synthesis methods, catalytic reactions, energy band modulation, high-voltage phase transitions, and potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics. This paper comprehensively analyses 2D TMD alloy materials, covering their growth, preparation, optoelectronic properties, and various applications including hydrogen evolution reaction catalysis, field-effect transistors, lithium-sulphur battery catalysts, and lasers. The growth process and characterisation techniques are introduced, followed by a summary of the optoelectronic properties of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shiru Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhipu Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Min Lu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaoji Xie
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Da Zhan
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics & Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaxu Yan
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics & Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Chen X, Xu S, Shabani S, Zhao Y, Fu M, Millis AJ, Fogler MM, Pasupathy AN, Liu M, Basov DN. Machine Learning for Optical Scanning Probe Nanoscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2109171. [PMID: 36333118 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to perform nanometer-scale optical imaging and spectroscopy is key to deciphering the low-energy effects in quantum materials, as well as vibrational fingerprints in planetary and extraterrestrial particles, catalytic substances, and aqueous biological samples. These tasks can be accomplished by the scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) technique that has recently spread to many research fields and enabled notable discoveries. Herein, it is shown that the s-SNOM, together with scanning probe research in general, can benefit in many ways from artificial-intelligence (AI) and machine-learning (ML) algorithms. Augmented with AI- and ML-enhanced data acquisition and analysis, scanning probe optical nanoscopy is poised to become more efficient, accurate, and intelligent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Suheng Xu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Sara Shabani
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Yueqi Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0319, USA
| | - Matthew Fu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Michael M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0319, USA
| | - Abhay N Pasupathy
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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6
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Kato R, Moriyama T, Umakoshi T, Yano TA, Verma P. Ultrastable tip-enhanced hyperspectral optical nanoimaging for defect analysis of large-sized WS 2 layers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4021. [PMID: 35857514 PMCID: PMC9286508 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Optical nanoimaging techniques, such as tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), are nowadays indispensable for chemical and optical characterization in the entire field of nanotechnology and have been extensively used for various applications, such as visualization of nanoscale defects in two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, it is still challenging to investigate micrometer-sized sample with nanoscale spatial resolution because of severe limitation of measurement time due to drift of the experimental system. Here, we achieved long-duration TERS imaging of a micrometer-sized WS2 sample for 6 hours in a reproducible manner. Our ultrastable TERS system enabled to reveal the defect density on the surface of tungsten disulfide layers in large area equivalent to the device scale. It also helped us to detect rare defect-related optical signals from the sample. The present study paves ways to evaluate nanoscale defects of 2D materials in large area and to unveil remarkable optical and chemical properties of large-sized nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kato
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Toki Moriyama
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Umakoshi
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Taka-aki Yano
- Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Prabhat Verma
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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7
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Zhao G, Xu X. Cocatalysts from types, preparation to applications in the field of photocatalysis. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10649-10667. [PMID: 34105577 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02464g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of society, the burden of energy and the environment is becoming more and more serious. Photocatalytic hydrogen production, the photosynthesis of organic fuel, and the photodegradation of pollutants are three effective ways to reduce these burdens using semiconductor photocatalysts. To improve the reaction efficiency of photocatalysts, a small amount of cocatalyst is often added when photocatalysts participate in the synthesis or decomposition reaction. The addition of this small amount of cocatalyst is like a finishing touch, significantly increasing the activity of the photocatalysts. However, in our common study of photocatalysis, we often pay attention to the study of photocatalysts but ignore the study of cocatalysts. Herein, we summarize the recent application research on cocatalysts in the field of photocatalysis, starting from the types, preparation methods, and reaction mechanisms among others, to remind researchers of the matters needing attention when using cocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Micro-nano Material and Device, School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Functional Micro-nano Material and Device, School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China.
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Bunje H, Li Y, Liz-Marzán LM, Millstone JE, Nie G, Shmakov SN, Weiss PS. Putting the World Back Together and Announcing the 2021 ACS Nano Award Lecture Laureates. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7837-7839. [PMID: 34034424 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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