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Qian H, Xu G, Yang S, Ang EH, Chen Q, Lin C, Liao J, Shen J. Advancing Lithium-Magnesium Separation: Pioneering Swelling-Embedded Cation Exchange Membranes Based on Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18019-18029. [PMID: 38546167 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
With the continuous advancement of electrodialysis (ED) technology, there arises a demand for improved monovalent cation exchange membranes (CEMs). However, limitations in membrane materials and structures have resulted in the low selectivity of monovalent CEMs, posing challenges in the separation of Li+ and Mg2+. In this investigation, a designed CEM with a swelling-embedded structure was created by integrating a polyelectrolyte containing N-oxide Zwitterion into a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membrane, leveraging the notable solubility characteristic of SPEEK. The membranes were prepared by using N-oxide zwitterionic polyethylenimine (ZPEI) and 1,3,5-benzenetrlcarbonyl trichloride (TMC). The as-prepared membranes underwent systematic characterization and testing, evaluating their structural, physicochemical, electrochemical, and selective ED properties. During ED, the modified membranes demonstrated notable permeability selectivity for Li+ ions in binary (Li+/Mg2+) systems. Notably, at a constant current density of 2.5 mA cm-2, the modified membrane PEI-TMC/SPEEK exhibited significant permeability selectivity ( P Mg 2 + Li + = 5.63 ) in the Li+/Mg2+ system, while ZPEI-TMC/SPEEK outperformed, displaying remarkable permeability selectivity ( P Mg 2 + Li + = 12.43 ) in the Li+/Mg2+ system, surpassing commercial monovalent cation-selective membrane commercial monovalent cation-selective membrane (CIMS). Furthermore, in the Li+/Mg2+ binary system, Li+ flux reached 9.78 × 10-9 mol cm-2 s-1 for ZPEI-TMC/SPEEK, while its Mg2+ flux only reached 2.7 × 10-9 mol cm-2 s-1, showing potential for lithium-magnesium separation. In addition, ZPEI-TMC/SPEEK was tested for performance and stability at high current densities. This work offers a straightforward preparation process and an innovative structural approach, presenting methodological insights for the advancement of lithium and magnesium separation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Geting Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Shijiazhuang Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Edison Huixiang Ang
- Nature Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Quan Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chenfei Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Junbin Liao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiangnan Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Zhao S, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Zha Z, Tong T, Wang R, Wang Z. Polyamide Membranes with Tunable Surface Charge Induced by Dipole-Dipole Interaction for Selective Ion Separation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:5174-5185. [PMID: 38451543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Nanofiltration (NF) has the potential to achieve precise ion-ion separation at the subnanometer scale, which is necessary for resource recovery and a circular water economy. Fabricating NF membranes for selective ion separation is highly desirable but represents a substantial technical challenge. Dipole-dipole interaction is a mechanism of intermolecular attractions between polar molecules with a dipole moment due to uneven charge distribution, but such an interaction has not been leveraged to tune membrane structure and selectivity. Herein, we propose a novel strategy to achieve tunable surface charge of polyamide membrane by introducing polar solvent with a large dipole moment during interfacial polymerization, in which the dipole-dipole interaction with acyl chloride groups of trimesoyl chloride (TMC) can successfully intervene in the amidation reaction to alter the density of surface carboxyl groups in the polyamide selective layer. As a result, the prepared positively charged (PEI-TMC)-NH2 and negatively charged (PEI-TMC)-COOH composite membranes, which show similarly high water permeance, demonstrate highly selective separations of cations and anions in engineering applications, respectively. Our findings, for the first time, confirm that solvent-induced dipole-dipole interactions are able to alter the charge type and density of polyamide membranes and achieve tunable surface charge for selective and efficient ion separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyi Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xinzhu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zha
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Tiezheng Tong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Membrane Technology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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Tan K, Ma H, Mu X, Wang Z, Wang Q, Wang H, Zhang XD. Application of gold nanoclusters in fluorescence sensing and biological detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05220-0. [PMID: 38436693 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) exhibit broad fluorescent spectra from visible to near-infrared regions and good enzyme-mimicking catalytic activities. Combined with excellent stability and exceptional biocompatibility, the Au NCs have been widely exploited in biomedicine such as biocatalysis and bioimaging. Especially, the long fluorescence lifetime and large Stokes shift attribute Au NCs to good probes for fluorescence sensing and biological detection. In this review, we systematically summarized the molecular structure and fluorescence properties of Au NCs and highlighted the advances in fluorescence sensing and biological detection. The Au NCs display high sensitivity and specificity in detecting iodine ions, metal ions, and reactive oxygen species, as well as certain diseases based on the fluorescence activities of Au NCs. We also proposed several points to improve the practicability and accelerate the clinical translation of the Au NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huizhen Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyu Mu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiobiology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Xu J, Mu J, Yao Y, Xu Y, Liao J, Ruan H, Shen J. Ion Resource Recovery via Electrodialysis Fabricated with Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone)-Based Anion Exchange Membrane in Organic Solvent System. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306313. [PMID: 37948422 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Ion resource recovery from organic wastewater is beneficial for achieving emission peaks and carbon neutrality targets. Advanced organic solvent-resistant anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for treating organic wastewater via electrodialysis (ED) are of significant interest. Herein, a kind of 3D network AEM based on poly(arylene ether sulfone) cross-linked with a flexible cross-linker (DBH) for ion resource recovery via ED in organic solvent system is reported. Investigations demonstrate that the as-prepared AEMs show excellent dimensional stability in 60% DMSO (aq.), 60% ethanol (aq.), and 60% acetone (aq.), respectively. For example, the optimized AEM shows very low swelling ratios of 1.04-1.10% in the organic solvents. ED desalination ratio can reach 99.1% after exposure of the AEM to organic solvents for 30 days, and remain > 99% in a mixture solution containing organic solvents and 0.5 m NaCl. Additionally, at a current density of 2.5 mA cm-2, the optimized AEM soaked in organic solvents for 30 days shows a high perm-selectivity (Cl-/SO4 2-) of 133.09 (vs 13.11, Neosepta ACS). The superior ED performance is attributed to the stable continuous sub-nanochannels within AEM confirmed by SAXS, rotational energy barriers, etc. This work shows the potential application of cross-linked AEMs for resource recovery in organic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Junjie Mu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuyang Yao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yanqing Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Junbin Liao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Huimin Ruan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jiangnan Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Kim N, Oh W, Knust KN, Zazyki Galetto F, Su X. Molecularly Selective Polymer Interfaces for Electrochemical Separations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16685-16700. [PMID: 37955994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecular design of polymer interfaces has been key for advancing electrochemical separation processes. Precise control of molecular interactions at electrochemical interfaces has enabled the removal or recovery of charged species with enhanced selectivity, capacity, and stability. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of recent developments in polymer interfaces applied to liquid-phase electrochemical separations, with a focus on their role as electrosorbents as well as membranes in electrodialysis systems. In particular, we delve into both the single-site and macromolecular design of redox polymers and their use in heterogeneous electrochemical separation platforms. We highlight the significance of incorporating both redox-active and non-redox-active moieties to tune binding toward ever more challenging separations, including structurally similar species and even isomers. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in the development of selective ion-exchange membranes for electrodialysis and the critical need to control the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Finally, we share perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in electrochemical separations, ranging from the need for a comprehensive understanding of binding mechanisms to the continued innovation of electrochemical architectures for polymer electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wangsuk Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kyle N Knust
- Department of Chemistry, Millikin University, 1184 W. Main Street, Decatur, Illinois 62522, United States
| | - Fábio Zazyki Galetto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Chen H, Bang KT, Tian Y, Hu C, Tao R, Yuan Y, Wang R, Shin DM, Shao M, Lee YM, Kim Y. Poly(Ethylene Piperidinium)s for Anion Exchange Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307690. [PMID: 37524652 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The lack of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) that possess both high hydroxide conductivity and stable mechanical and chemical properties poses a major challenge to the development of high-performance fuel cells. Improving one side of the balance between conductivity and stability usually means sacrificing the other. Herein, we used facile, high-yield chemical reactions to design and synthesize a piperidinium polymer with a polyethylene backbone for AEM fuel cell applications. To improve the performance, we introduced ionic crosslinking into high-cationic-ratio AEMs to suppress high water uptake and swelling while further improving the hydroxide conductivity. Remarkably, PEP80-20PS achieved a hydroxide conductivity of 354.3 mS cm-1 at 80 °C while remaining mechanically stable. Compared with the base polymer PEP80, the water uptake of PEP80-20PS decreased by 69 % from 813 % to 350 %, and the swelling decreased substantially by 85 % from 350.0 % to 50.2 % at 80 °C. PEP80-20PS also showed excellent alkaline stability, 84.7 % remained after 35 days of treatment with an aqueous KOH solution. The chemical design in this study represents a significant advancement toward the development of simultaneously highly stable and conductive AEMs for fuel cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong, University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ki-Taek Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong, University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong, University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuan Hu
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong, University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yufei Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong, University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong, University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dong-Myeong Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Minhua Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong, University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Young Moo Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonseob Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong, University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Manin A, Golubenko D, Novikova S, Yaroslavtsev A. Composite Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Quaternary Ammonium-Functionalized Polystyrene and Cerium(IV) Phosphate with Improved Monovalent-Ion Selectivity and Antifouling Properties. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:624. [PMID: 37504990 PMCID: PMC10386577 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of targeted change of the properties of ion exchange membranes by incorporation of various nanoparticles into the membranes is attracting the attention of many research groups. Here we studied for the first time the influence of cerium phosphate nanoparticles on the physicochemical and transport properties of commercial anion exchange membranes based on quaternary ammonium-functionalized polystyrenes, such as heterogeneous Ralex® AM and pseudo-homogeneous Neosepta® AMX. The incorporation of cerium phosphate on one side of the membrane was performed by precipitation from absorbed cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) anionic complex with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or phosphoric acid. The structures of the obtained hybrid membranes and separately synthesized cerium phosphate were investigated using FTIR, P31 MAS NMR, EDX mapping, and scanning electron microscopy. The modification increased the membrane selectivity to monovalent ions in the ED desalination of an equimolar mixture of NaCl and Na2SO4. The highest selectivities of Ralex® AM and Neosepta® AMX-based hybrid membranes were 4.9 and 7.7, respectively. In addition, the modification of Neosepta® membranes also increased the resistance to a typical anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Manin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, Leninskii Prospekt 31, Moscow 119071, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Vavilova str., 7, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Daniel Golubenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, Leninskii Prospekt 31, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Svetlana Novikova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, Leninskii Prospekt 31, Moscow 119071, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Vavilova str., 7, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Andrey Yaroslavtsev
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, Leninskii Prospekt 31, Moscow 119071, Russia
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Synergistically enhancing the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of anion exchange membrane by chemically assembling gentamicin and N-chloramine layers. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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Kozmai A, Porozhnyy M, Ruleva V, Gorobchenko A, Pismenskaya N, Nikonenko V. Is It Possible to Prepare a "Super" Anion-Exchange Membrane by a Polypyrrole-Based Modification? MEMBRANES 2023; 13:103. [PMID: 36676909 PMCID: PMC9865286 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In spite of wide variety of commercial ion-exchange membranes, their characteristics, in particular, electrical conductivity and counterion permselectivity, are unsatisfactory for some applications, such as electrolyte solution concentration. This study is aimed at obtaining an anion-exchange membrane (AEM) of high performance in concentrated solutions. An AEM is prepared with a polypyrrole (PPy)-based modification of a heterogeneous AEM with quaternary ammonium functional groups. Concentration dependences of the conductivity, diffusion permeability and Cl− transport number in NaCl solutions are measured and simulated using a new version of the microheterogeneous model. The model describes changes in membrane swelling with increasing concentration and the effect of these changes on the transport characteristics. It is assumed that PPy occupies macro- and mesopores of the host membrane where it replaces non-selective electroneutral solution. Increasing conductivity and selectivity are explained by the presence of positively charged PPy groups. It is found that the conductivity of a freshly prepared membrane reaches 20 mS/cm and the chloride transport number > 0.99 in 4 M NaCl. A choice of input parameters allows quantitative agreement between the experimental and simulation results. However, PPy has shown itself to be an unstable material. This article discusses what parameters a membrane can have to show such exceptional characteristics.
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Enhanced monovalent anion selectivity of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)-based amphoteric ion exchange membranes having rough surface. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Salmeron-Sanchez I, Asenjo-Pascual J, Avilés-Moreno JR, Ocón P. Microstructural description of ion exchange membranes: The effect of PPy-based modification. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Wang Y, Ren L, Wang J, Zhao J, Chen QB. In-situ growth of anionic covalent organic frameworks efficaciously enhanced the monovalent selectivity of anion exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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