1
|
Randerson SA, Zotev PG, Hu X, Knight AJ, Wang Y, Nagarkar S, Hensman D, Wang Y, Tartakovskii AI. High Q Hybrid Mie-Plasmonic Resonances in van der Waals Nanoantennas on Gold Substrate. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16208-16221. [PMID: 38869002 PMCID: PMC11210342 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Dielectric nanoresonators have been shown to circumvent the heavy optical losses associated with plasmonic devices; however, they suffer from less confined resonances. By constructing a hybrid system of both dielectric and metallic materials, one can retain low losses, while achieving stronger mode confinement. Here, we use a high refractive index multilayer transition-metal dichalcogenide WS2 exfoliated on gold to fabricate and optically characterize a hybrid nanoantenna-on-gold system. We experimentally observe a hybridization of Mie resonances, Fabry-Perot modes, and surface plasmon-polaritons launched from the nanoantennas into the substrate. We measure the experimental quality factors of hybridized Mie-plasmonic (MP) modes to be up to 33 times that of standard Mie resonances in the nanoantennas on silica. We then tune the nanoantenna geometries to observe signatures of a supercavity mode with a further increased Q factor of over 260 in experiment. We show that this quasi-bound state in the continuum results from strong coupling between a Mie resonance and Fabry-Perot-plasmonic mode in the vicinity of the higher-order anapole condition. We further simulate WS2 nanoantennas on gold with a 5 nm thick hBN spacer in between. By placing a dipole within this spacer, we calculate the overall light extraction enhancement of over 107, resulting from the strong, subwavelength confinement of the incident light, a Purcell factor of over 700, and high directivity of the emitted light of up to 50%. We thus show that multilayer TMDs can be used to realize simple-to-fabricate, hybrid dielectric-on-metal nanophotonic devices granting access to high-Q, strongly confined, MP resonances, along with a large enhancement for emitters in the TMD-gold gap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam A. Randerson
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Panaiot G. Zotev
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Xuerong Hu
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Alexander J. Knight
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Sharada Nagarkar
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Dominic Hensman
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Yue Wang
- Department
of Physics, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nandi S, Cohen SZ, Singh D, Poplinger M, Nanikashvili P, Naveh D, Lewi T. Unveiling Local Optical Properties Using Nanoimaging Phase Mapping in High-Index Topological Insulator Bi 2Se 3 Resonant Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11501-11509. [PMID: 37890054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Topological insulators are materials characterized by an insulating bulk and high mobility topologically protected surface states, making them promising candidates for future optoelectronic and quantum devices. Although their electronic properties have been extensively studied, their mid-infrared (MIR) properties and prospective photonic capabilities have not been fully uncovered. Here, we use a combination of far-field and near-field nanoscale imaging and spectroscopy to study chemical vapor deposition-grown Bi2Se3 nanobeams (NBs). We extract the MIR optical constants of Bi2Se3, revealing refractive index values as high as n ∼ 6.4, and demonstrate that the NBs support Mie resonances across the MIR. Local near-field reflection phase mapping reveals domains of various phase shifts, providing information on the local optical properties of the NBs. We experimentally measure up to 2π phase-shift across the resonance, in excellent agreement with finite-difference time-domain simulations. This work highlights the potential of Bi2Se3 for quantum circuitry, nonlinear generation, high-Q metaphotonics, and photodetection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanta Nandi
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Shany Z Cohen
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Danveer Singh
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Michal Poplinger
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Pilkhaz Nanikashvili
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Doron Naveh
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tomer Lewi
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sortino L, Gülmüs M, Tilmann B, de S Menezes L, Maier SA. Radiative suppression of exciton-exciton annihilation in a two-dimensional semiconductor. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:202. [PMID: 37620298 PMCID: PMC10449935 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors possess strongly bound excitons, opening novel opportunities for engineering light-matter interaction at the nanoscale. However, their in-plane confinement leads to large non-radiative exciton-exciton annihilation (EEA) processes, setting a fundamental limit for their photonic applications. In this work, we demonstrate suppression of EEA via enhancement of light-matter interaction in hybrid 2D semiconductor-dielectric nanophotonic platforms, by coupling excitons in WS2 monolayers with optical Mie resonances in dielectric nanoantennas. The hybrid system reaches an intermediate light-matter coupling regime, with photoluminescence enhancement factors up to 102. Probing the exciton ultrafast dynamics reveal suppressed EEA for coupled excitons, even under high exciton densities >1012 cm-2. We extract EEA coefficients in the order of 10-3, compared to 10-2 for uncoupled monolayers, as well as a Purcell factor of 4.5. Our results highlight engineering the photonic environment as a route to achieve higher quantum efficiencies, for low-power hybrid devices, and larger exciton densities, towards strongly correlated excitonic phases in 2D semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Sortino
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany.
- Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany.
| | - Merve Gülmüs
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Tilmann
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
- Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonardo de S Menezes
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
- Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
- Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cortés E, Wendisch FJ, Sortino L, Mancini A, Ezendam S, Saris S, de S. Menezes L, Tittl A, Ren H, Maier SA. Optical Metasurfaces for Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15082-15176. [PMID: 35728004 PMCID: PMC9562288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured surfaces with designed optical functionalities, such as metasurfaces, allow efficient harvesting of light at the nanoscale, enhancing light-matter interactions for a wide variety of material combinations. Exploiting light-driven matter excitations in these artificial materials opens up a new dimension in the conversion and management of energy at the nanoscale. In this review, we outline the impact, opportunities, applications, and challenges of optical metasurfaces in converting the energy of incoming photons into frequency-shifted photons, phonons, and energetic charge carriers. A myriad of opportunities await for the utilization of the converted energy. Here we cover the most pertinent aspects from a fundamental nanoscopic viewpoint all the way to applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cortés
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,
| | - Fedja J. Wendisch
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Sortino
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Ezendam
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Seryio Saris
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Leonardo de S. Menezes
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal de
Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Haoran Ren
- MQ Photonics
Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Macquarie
Park, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,School
of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Department
of Phyiscs, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Munkhbat B, Wróbel P, Antosiewicz TJ, Shegai TO. Optical Constants of Several Multilayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Measured by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry in the 300-1700 nm Range: High Index, Anisotropy, and Hyperbolicity. ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:2398-2407. [PMID: 35880067 PMCID: PMC9306003 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) attract significant attention due to their remarkable optical and excitonic properties. It was understood already in the 1960s and recently rediscovered that many TMDs possess a high refractive index and optical anisotropy, which make them attractive for nanophotonic applications. However, accurate analysis and predictions of nanooptical phenomena require knowledge of dielectric constants along both in- and out-of-plane directions and over a broad spectral range, information that is often inaccessible or incomplete. Here, we present an experimental study of optical constants from several exfoliated TMD multilayers obtained using spectroscopic ellipsometry in the broad range of 300-1700 nm. The specific materials studied include semiconducting WS2, WSe2, MoS2, MoSe2, and MoTe2, as well as in-plane anisotropic ReS2 and WTe2 and metallic TaS2, TaSe2, and NbSe2. The extracted parameters demonstrate a high index (n up to ∼4.84 for MoTe2), significant anisotropy (n ∥ - n ⊥ ≈ 1.54 for MoTe2), and low absorption in the near-infrared region. Moreover, metallic TMDs show potential for combined plasmonic-dielectric behavior and hyperbolicity, as their plasma frequency occurs at around ∼1000-1300 nm depending on the material. The knowledge of optical constants of these materials opens new experimental and computational possibilities for further development of all-TMD nanophotonics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Battulga Munkhbat
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department
of Photonics Engineering, Technical University
of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Piotr Wróbel
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz J. Antosiewicz
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Timur O. Shegai
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Plasmonic and dielectric tweezers represent a common paradigm for an innovative and efficient optical trapping at the micro/nanoscale. Plasmonic configurations provide subwavelength mode confinement, resulting in very high optical forces, at the expense of a higher thermal effect, that could undermine the biological sample under test. On the contrary, dielectric configurations show limited optical forces values but overcome the thermal challenge. Achieving efficient optical trapping without affecting the sample temperature is still demanding. Here, we propose the design of a silicon (Si)-based dielectric nanobowtie dimer, made by two tip-to-tip triangle semiconductor elements. The combination of the conservation of the normal component of the electric displacement and the tangential component of the electric field, with a consequent large energy field confinement in the trapping site, ensures optical forces of about 27 fN with a power of 6 mW/µm2. The trapping of a virus with a diameter of 100 nm is demonstrated with numerical simulations, calculating a stability S = 1, and a stiffness k = 0.33 fN/nm, within a footprint of 0.96 µm2, preserving the temperature of the sample (temperature variation of 0.3 K).
Collapse
|