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Hu W, Liu Y, Li X, Lei L, Lin H, Yuan Q, Mao D, Luo Y. Nanobody-based strategy for rapid and accurate pathogen detection: A case of COVID-19 testing. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 263:116598. [PMID: 39094292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Antibody pairs-based immunoassay platforms served as essential and effective tools in the field of pathogen detection. However, the cumbersome preparation and limited detection sensitivity of antibody pairs challenge in establishment of a highly sensitive detection platform. In this study, using COVID-19 testing as a case, we utilized readily accessible nanobodies as detection antibodies and further proposed an accurate design concept with a more scientific and efficient screening strategy to obtain ultrasensitive antibody pairs. We employed nanobodies capable of binding different antigenic epitopes of the nucleocapsid (NP) or receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigens sandwich as substitutes for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) sandwich in fast detection formats and utilized time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) microspheres as the signal probe. Consequently, we developed a multi-epitope nanobody sandwich-based fluorescence lateral flow immunoassay (FLFA) strip. Our results suggest that the NP antigen had a detection limit of 12.01pg/mL, while the RBD antigen had a limit of 6.51 pg/mL using our FLFA strip. Based on double mAb sandwiches, the values presented herein demonstrated 4 to 32-fold enhancements in sensitivity, and 32 to 256-fold enhancements compared to commercially available antigen lateral flow assay kits. Furthermore, we demonstrated the excellent characteristics of the proposed test strip, including its specificity, stability, accuracy, and repeatability, which underscores its the prospective utility. Indeed, these findings indicate that our established screening strategy along with the multi-epitope nanobody sandwich mode provides an optimized strategy in the field of pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yichen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Liusheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Huai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Qingbin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Daqing Mao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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2
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Liu X, Yuan W, Xiao H. Recent progress on DNAzyme-based biosensors for pathogen detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:4917-4937. [PMID: 38984495 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00934g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Pathogens endanger food safety, agricultural productivity, and human health. Those pathogens are spread through direct/indirect contact, airborne transmission and food/waterborne transmission, and some cause severe health consequences. As the population grows and global connections intensify, the transmission of infectious diseases expands. Traditional detection methods for pathogens still have some shortcomings, such as time-consuming procedures and high operational costs. To fulfil the demands for simple and effective detection, numerous biosensors have been developed. DNAzyme, a unique DNA structure with catalytic activity, is gradually being applied in the field of pathogen detection owing to its ease of preparation and use. In this review, we concentrated on the two main types of DNAzyme, hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme (HGD) and RNA-cleaving DNAzyme (RCD), explaining their research progress in pathogen detection. Furthermore, we introduced two additional novel DNAzymes, CLICK 17 DNAzyme and Supernova DNAzyme, which showed promising potential in pathogen detection. Finally, we summarize the strengths and weaknesses of these four DNAzymes and offer feasible recommendations for the development of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Liu
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wenxu Yuan
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Heng Xiao
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P. R. China
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3
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Luo B, Zhou J, Zhan X, Ying B, Lan F, Wu Y. Smartphone-Based Free-to-Total Prostate Specific Antigen Ratio Detection System Using a Colorimetric Reaction Integrated with Proximity-Induced Bio-Barcode and CRISPR/Cas12a Assay. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310212. [PMID: 38342699 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The free-to-total prostate-specific antigen (f/t-PSA) ratio is of great significance in the accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer. Herein, a smartphone-based detection system is reported using a colorimetric reaction integrated with proximity-induced bio-barcode and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12a assay for f/t-PSA ratio detection. DNA/antibody recognition probes are designed to bind f-PSA or t-PSA and induce the release of the DNA bio-barcode. The CRISPR/Cas12a system is activated by the DNA bio-barcode to release Ag+ from the C-Ag+-C structure of the hairpin DNA. The released Ag+ is used to affect the tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)-H2O2-based colorimetric reaction catalyzed by Pt nanoparticles (NPs), as the peroxidase-like activity of the Pt NPs can be efficiently inhibited by Ag+. A smartphone with a self-developed app is used as an image reader and analyzer to analyze the colorimetric reaction and provide the results. A limit of detection of 0.06 and 0.04 ng mL-1 is achieved for t-PSA and f-PSA, respectively. The smartphone-based method showed a linear response between 0.1 and 100 ng mL-1 of t-PSA or f-PSA. In tests with clinical samples, the smartphone-based method successfully diagnosed prostate cancer patients from benign prostatic hyperplasia patients and healthy cases with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Luo
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Fang Lan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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Ali M, Nair P, Capretta A, Brennan JD. In-vitro Clinical Diagnostics using RNA-Cleaving DNAzymes. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400085. [PMID: 38574237 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, significant advancements have been made in the development of biosensors and bioassays that use RNA-cleaving DNAzymes (RCDs) as molecular recognition elements. While early examples of RCDs were primarily responsive to metal ions, the past decade has seen numerous RCDs reported for more clinically relevant targets such as bacteria, cancer cells, small metabolites, and protein biomarkers. Over the past 5 years several RCD-based biosensors have also been evaluated using either spiked biological matrixes or patient samples, including blood, serum, saliva, nasal mucus, sputum, urine, and faeces, which is a critical step toward regulatory approval and commercialization of such sensors. In this review, an overview of the methods used to generate RCDs and the properties of key RCDs that have been utilized for in vitro testing is first provided. Examples of RCD-based assays and sensors that have been used to test either spiked biological samples or patient samples are then presented, highlighting assay performance in different biological matrixes. A summary of current prospects and challenges for development of in vitro diagnostic tests incorporating RCDs and an overview of future directions of the field is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monsur Ali
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Parameswaran Nair
- Division of Respirology, McMaster University, and, Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health at St. Joseph's Health Care, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Alfredo Capretta
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - John D Brennan
- Biointerfaces Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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Li Z, Zhang S, Zhang J, Avery L, Banach D, Zhao H, Liu C. Palm-Sized Lab-In-A-Magnetofluidic Tube Platform for Rapid and Sensitive Virus Detection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2310066. [PMID: 38634211 PMCID: PMC11187901 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Simple, sensitive, and accurate molecular diagnostics are critical for preventing rapid spread of infection and initiating early treatment of diseases. However, current molecular detection methods typically rely on extensive nucleic acid sample preparation and expensive instrumentation. Here, a simple, fully integrated, lab-in-a-magnetofluidic tube (LIAMT) platform is presented for "sample-to-result" molecular detection of virus. By leveraging magnetofluidic transport of micro/nano magnetic beads, the LIAMT device integrates viral lysis, nucleic acid extraction, isothermal amplification, and CRISPR detection within a single engineered microcentrifuge tube. To enable point-of-care molecular diagnostics, a palm-sized processor is developed for magnetofluidic separation, nucleic acid amplification, and visual fluorescence detection. The LIAMT platform is applied to detect SARS-CoV-2 and HIV viruses, achieving a detection sensitivity of 73.4 and 63.9 copies µL-1, respectively. Its clinical utility is further demonstrated by detecting SARS-CoV-2 and HIV in clinical samples. This simple, affordable, and portable LIAMT platform holds promise for rapid and sensitive molecular diagnostics of infectious diseases at the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Li
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonConnecticut06030USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269USA
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonConnecticut06030USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269USA
| | - Jiongyu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonConnecticut06030USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut06269USA
| | - Lori Avery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonConnecticut06030USA
| | - David Banach
- Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonConnecticut06030USA
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of NevadaLas VegasNevada89154USA
| | - Changchun Liu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonConnecticut06030USA
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Shi Y, Tan Z, Wu D, Wu Y, Li G. Pyrococcus furiosus argonaute based Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestrsis detection in fruit juice. Food Microbiol 2024; 120:104475. [PMID: 38431321 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is the major threat to fruit juice for its off-odor producing characteristic. In this study, Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute (PfAgo), a novel endonuclease with precise DNA cleavage activity, was used for A. acidoterrestrisdetection, termed as PAD. The partially amplified 16 S rRNA gene of A. acidoterrestris can be cleaved by PfAgo activated by a short 5'-phosphorylated single strand DNA, producing a new guide DNA (gDNA). Then, PfAgo was activated by the new gDNA to cut a molecular beacon (MB) with fluorophore-quencher reporter, resulting in the recovery of fluorescence. The fluorescent intensity is positively related with the concentration of A. acidoterrestris. The PAD assay showed excellent specificity and sensitivity as low as 101 CFU/mL, which can be a powerful tool for on-site detection of A. acidoterrestris in fruit juice industry in the future, reducing the economic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Shi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zishan Tan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - Yongning Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
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Yu H, Han X, Wang W, Zhang Y, Xiang L, Bai D, Zhang L, Weng Z, Lv K, Song L, Luo W, Yin N, Zhang Y, Feng T, Wang L, Xie G. Modified Unit-Mediated Strand Displacement Reactions for Direct Detection of Single Nucleotide Variants in Active Double-Stranded DNA. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12401-12411. [PMID: 38701333 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Accurate identification of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in key driver genes holds a significant value for disease diagnosis and treatment. Fluorescent probes exhibit tremendous potential in specific, high-resolution, and rapid detection of SNVs. However, additional steps are required in most post-PCR assays to convert double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) products into single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), enabling them to possess hybridization activity to trigger subsequent reactions. This process not only prolongs the complexity of the experiment but also introduces the risk of losing target information. In this study, we proposed two strategies for enriching active double-stranded DNA, involving PCR based on obstructive groups and cleavable units. Building upon this, we explored the impact of modified units on the strand displacement reaction (SDR) and assessed their discriminatory efficacy for mutations. The results showed that detection of low variant allele frequencies (VAF) as low as 0.1% can be achieved. The proposed strategy allowed orthogonal identification of 45 clinical colorectal cancer tissue samples with 100% specificity, and the results were generally consistent with sequencing results. Compared to existing methods for enriching active targets, our approach offers a more diverse set of enrichment strategies, characterized by the advantage of being simple and fast and preserving original information to the maximum extent. The objective of this study is to offer an effective solution for the swift and facile acquisition of active double-stranded DNA. We anticipate that our work will facilitate the practical applications of SDR based on dsDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaole Han
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Weitao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yangli Zhang
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, Biobank Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Linguo Xiang
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, Biobank Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhi Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ke Lv
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lin Song
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Na Yin
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yaoyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Wang
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, Biobank Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guoming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Li P, Ye Y, Li Y, Xie Z, Ye L, Huang J. A MoS 2 nanosheet-based CRISPR/Cas12a biosensor for efficient miRNA quantification for acute myocardial infarction. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116129. [PMID: 38364329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) represents the leading cause of cardiovascular death worldwide, and it is thus pivotal to develop effective approaches for the timely detection of AMI markers, especially possessing the characteristics of antibody-free, signal amplification, and manipulation convenience. We herein construct a MoS2 nanosheet-powered CRISPR/Cas12a sensing strategy for sensitive determination of miR-499, a superior AMI biomarker to protein markers. The presence of miR-499 at a trace level is able to induce a significantly enhanced fluorescence signal in a DNA-based molecular engineering platform, which consists of CRISPR/Cas12a enzymatic reactions and MoS2 nanosheet-controllable signal reporting components. The MoS2 nanosheets were characterized by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The detection feasibility was verified by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis and fluorescence measurements. The detection limit is determined as 381.78 pM with the linear range from 0.1 ⅹ 10-9 to 13.33 ⅹ 10-9 M in a fast manner (about 30 min). Furthermore, miRNA detection in real human serum is also conducted with desirable recovery rates (89.5 %-97.6 %), which may find potential application for the clinic diagnosis. We describe herein the first example of MoS2 nanosheet-based signal amplified fluorescence sensor for effective detection of AMI-related miRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Yu Ye
- Department of Radiology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435099, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Zhuohao Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Lei Ye
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan, 430205, PR China; School of Integrated Circuit, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Jiahao Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
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Wang Y, Chen H, Lin K, Han Y, Gu Z, Wei H, Mu K, Wang D, Liu L, Jin R, Song R, Rong Z, Wang S. Ultrasensitive single-step CRISPR detection of monkeypox virus in minutes with a vest-pocket diagnostic device. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3279. [PMID: 38627378 PMCID: PMC11021474 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The emerging monkeypox virus (MPXV) has raised global health concern, thereby highlighting the need for rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-use diagnostics. Here, we develop a single-step CRISPR-based diagnostic platform, termed SCOPE (Streamlined CRISPR On Pod Evaluation platform), for field-deployable ultrasensitive detection of MPXV in resource-limited settings. The viral nucleic acids are rapidly released from the rash fluid swab, oral swab, saliva, and urine samples in 2 min via a streamlined viral lysis protocol, followed by a 10-min single-step recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-CRISPR/Cas13a reaction. A pod-shaped vest-pocket analysis device achieves the whole process for reaction execution, signal acquisition, and result interpretation. SCOPE can detect as low as 0.5 copies/µL (2.5 copies/reaction) of MPXV within 15 min from the sample input to the answer. We validate the developed assay on 102 clinical samples from male patients / volunteers, and the testing results are 100% concordant with the real-time PCR. SCOPE achieves a single-molecular level sensitivity in minutes with a simplified procedure performed on a miniaturized wireless device, which is expected to spur substantial progress to enable the practice application of CRISPR-based diagnostics techniques in a point-of-care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 100142, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Han
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixia Gu
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjuan Wei
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Mu
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Dongfeng Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Ronghua Jin
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015, Beijing, China.
| | - Rui Song
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100015, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhen Rong
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, 100850, Beijing, China.
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, 100850, Beijing, China.
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10
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Zhang L, Parvin R, Lin S, Chen M, Zheng R, Fan Q, Ye F. Peptide Nucleic Acid Clamp-Assisted Photothermal Multiplexed Digital PCR for Identifying SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306088. [PMID: 38243642 PMCID: PMC10987151 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The unprecedented demand for variants diagnosis in response to the COVID-19 epidemic has brought the spotlight onto rapid and accurate detection assays for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at multiple locations. However, it is still challenging to ensure simplicity, affordability, and compatibility with multiplexing. Here, a novel technique is presented that combines peptide nucleic acid (PNA) clamps and near-infrared (NIR)-driven digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) to identify the Omicron and Delta variants. This is achieved by simultaneously identifying highly conserved mutated signatures at codons 19, 614, and 655 of the spike protein gene. By microfluidically introducing graphene-oxide-nanocomposite into the assembled gelatin microcarriers, they achieved a rapid temperature ramping-up rate and switchable gel-to-sol phase transformation synchronized with PCR activation under NIR irradiation. Two sets of duplex PCR reactions, each classifying respective PNA probes, are emulsified in parallel and illuminated together using a homemade vacuum-based droplet generation device and a programmable NIR control module. This allowed for selective amplification of mutant sequences due to single-base-pair mismatch with PNA blockers. Sequence-recognized bioreactions and fluorescent-color scoring enabled quick identification of variants. This technique achieved a detection limit of 5,100 copies and a 5-fold quantitative resolution, which is promising to unfold minor differences and dynamic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexiang Zhang
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325035China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health); Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhou325000China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Provincethe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325027China
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health); Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhou325000China
| | - Siyue Lin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Mingshuo Chen
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health); Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhou325000China
| | - Ruixuan Zheng
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325035China
| | - Qihui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina100190
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325035China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health); Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhou325000China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina100190
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11
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Shi C, Yang D, Ma X, Pan L, Shao Y, Arya G, Ke Y, Zhang C, Wang F, Zuo X, Li M, Wang P. A Programmable DNAzyme for the Sensitive Detection of Nucleic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320179. [PMID: 38288561 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acids in biofluids are emerging biomarkers for the molecular diagnostics of diseases, but their clinical use has been hindered by the lack of sensitive detection assays. Herein, we report the development of a sensitive nucleic acid detection assay named SPOT (sensitive loop-initiated DNAzyme biosensor for nucleic acid detection) by rationally designing a catalytic DNAzyme of endonuclease capability into a unified one-stranded allosteric biosensor. SPOT is activated once a nucleic acid target of a specific sequence binds to its allosteric module to enable continuous cleavage of molecular reporters. SPOT provides a highly robust platform for sensitive, convenient and cost-effective detection of low-abundance nucleic acids. For clinical validation, we demonstrated that SPOT could detect serum miRNAs for the diagnostics of breast cancer, gastric cancer and prostate cancer. Furthermore, SPOT exhibits potent detection performance over SARS-CoV-2 RNA from clinical swabs with high sensitivity and specificity. Finally, SPOT is compatible with point-of-care testing modalities such as lateral flow assays. Hence, we envision that SPOT may serve as a robust assay for the sensitive detection of a variety of nucleic acid targets enabling molecular diagnostics in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhi Shi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Center for DNA Information Storage, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Donglei Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Center for DNA Information Storage, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Center for DNA Information Storage, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Li Pan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Center for DNA Information Storage, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yuanchuan Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Gaurav Arya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Yonggang Ke
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Center for DNA Information Storage, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Center for DNA Information Storage, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Center for DNA Information Storage, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
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12
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Lee NE, Kim KH, Cho Y, Kim J, Kwak S, Lee D, Yoon DS, Lee JH. Enhancing Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification through Nonpowered Nanoelectric Preconcentration. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3844-3852. [PMID: 38393745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The global threat posed by the COVID-19 pandemic has catalyzed the development of point-of-care (POC) molecular diagnostics. While loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) stands out as a promising technique among FDA-approved methods, it is occasionally susceptible to a high risk of false positives due to nonspecific amplification of a primer dimer. In this work, we report an enhancing LAMP technique in terms of assay sensitivity and reliability through streamlined integration with a nonpowered nanoelectric preconcentration (NPP). The NPP, serving as a sample preparation tool, enriched the virus concentration in samples prior to the subsequent LAMP assay. This enrichment enabled not only to achieve more sensitive assay but also to shorten the assay time for all tested clinical samples by ∼10 min compared to the conventional LAMP. The shortened assay time suppresses the occurrence of nonspecific amplification by not providing the necessary incubation time, effectively suppressing misidentification by false positives. Utilizing this technique, we also developed a prototype of the POC NPP-LAMP kit. This kit offers a streamlined diagnostic process for nontrained individuals, from the sample enrichment, transfer of the enriched sample to LAMP assays, which facilitates on-site/on-demand diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. This development holds the potential to contribute toward preventing not only the current outbreak but also future occurrences of pandemic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Eun Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hyeon Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyu Cho
- Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Seoul 06756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwan Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Kwak
- Micro-Nano Fabrication Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Dohwan Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 791 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Dae Sung Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Astrion Inc, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- CALTH Inc., Changeop-ro 54, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13449, Republic of Korea
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13
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Han G, Deng W, Lyu Q, Ma Q, Qiao L. Multiplexed discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 variants via duplex-specific nuclease combined MALDI-TOF MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1833-1842. [PMID: 38367041 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The frequent mutations in SARS-CoV-2 significantly increase the virus's pathogenicity and transmissibility while also diminishing the effectiveness of vaccines. Consequently, assays capable of rapidly and simultaneously identifying multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants are essential for large-scale applications that aim to monitor the evolution of the virus. In this work, we propose a method combining duplex-specific nuclease (DSN)-assisted cyclic amplification with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) detection, enabling the simultaneous identification of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants at high-throughput. Due to the high specificity of DSN, single-base mutations can be resolved by the method. With ultra-sensitive detection by MALDI-TOF MS, a limit of detection of 100 pM viral RNA fragment was demonstrated. The assay was used for simultaneous identification and typing of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants. The whole assay can be accomplished within 3 h, and the amplification is performed under constant temperature, making the technique simple in operation and efficient. It is also feasible to extend the technique to the detection of many other variants of the virus. We expect that the method can add value to the rapid screening of viral variants and can play an important role in pandemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Han
- Department of Chemistry, and Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenchan Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Lyu
- Bioyong Technologics Inc, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Qingwei Ma
- Bioyong Technologics Inc, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, and Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China.
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14
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Yin Y, Wen J, Wen M, Fu X, Ke G, Zhang XB. The design strategies for CRISPR-based biosensing: Target recognition, signal conversion, and signal amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115839. [PMID: 38042054 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive and selective biosensing is highly important for analyzing biological targets and dynamic physiological processes in cells and living organisms. As an emerging tool, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system is featured with excellent complementary-dependent cleavage and efficient trans-cleavage ability. These merits enable CRISPR system to improve the specificity, sensitivity, and speed for molecular detection. Herein, the structures and functions of several CRISPR proteins for biosensing are summarized in depth. Moreover, the strategies of target recognition, signal conversion, and signal amplification for CRISPR-based biosensing were highlighted from the perspective of biosensor design principles. The state-of-art applications and recent advances of CRISPR system are then outlined, with emphasis on their fluorescent, electrochemical, colorimetric, and applications in POCT technology. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of this frontier research area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jialin Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Mei Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Fu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.
| | - Guoliang Ke
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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15
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Liu J, Zhang B, Wang L, Peng J, Wu K, Liu T. The development of droplet-based microfluidic virus detection technology for human infectious diseases. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:971-978. [PMID: 38299435 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01795h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Virus-based human infectious diseases have a significant negative impact on people's health and social development. The need for quick, accurate, and early viral infection detection in preventive medicine is expanding. A microfluidic control is particularly suitable for point-of-care-testing virus diagnosis due to its advantages of low sample consumption, quick detection speed, simple operation, multi-functional integration, small size, and easy portability. It is also thought to have significant development potential and a wide range of application prospects in the research on virus detection technology. In an effort to aid researchers in creating novel microfluidic tools for virus detection, this review highlights recent developments of droplet-based microfluidics in virus detection research and also discusses the challenges and opportunities for rapid virus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Bingyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Jingjie Peng
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Kun Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Tiancai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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16
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Xia X, Chen Q, Zuo T, Liang Z, Xu G, Wei F, Yang J, Hu Q, Zhao Z, Tang BZ, Cen Y. DNA Robots for CRISPR/Cas12a Activity Management and Universal Platforms for Biosensing. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2620-2627. [PMID: 38217497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas12a system is a revolutionary genome editing technique that is widely employed in biosensing and molecular diagnostics. However, there are few reports on precisely managing the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a by simple modification since the traditional methods to manage Cas12a often require difficult and rigorous regulation of core components. Hence, we developed a novel CRISPR/Cas12a regulatory mechanism, named DNA Robots for Enzyme Activity Management (DREAM), by introducing two simple DNA robots, apurinic/apyrimidinic site (AP site) or nick on target activator. First, we revealed the mechanism of how the DREAM strategy precisely regulated Cas12a through different binding affinities. Second, the DREAM strategy was found to improve the selectivity of Cas12a for identifying base mismatch. Third, a modular biosensor for base excision repair enzymes based on the DREAM strategy was developed by utilizing diversified generation ways of DNA robots, and a multi-signal output platform such as fluorescence, colorimetry, and visual lateral flow strip was constructed. Furthermore, we extended logic sensing circuits to overcome the barrier that Cas12a could not detect simultaneously in a single tube. Overall, the DREAM strategy not only provided new prospects for programmable Cas12a biosensing systems but also enabled portable, specific, and humanized detection with great potential for molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Qiutong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Tongshan Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Zhigang Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Guanhong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Fangdi Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Qin Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Clinical Translational Research Center of Aggregation-Induced Emission, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Clinical Translational Research Center of Aggregation-Induced Emission, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Yao Cen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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17
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Ngoc LTN, Lee YC. Current Trends in RNA Virus Detection via Nucleic Acid Isothermal Amplification-Based Platforms. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:97. [PMID: 38392016 PMCID: PMC10886876 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses are one of the major classes of pathogens that cause human diseases. The conventional method to detect RNA viruses is real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), but it has some limitations. It is expensive and time-consuming, with infrastructure and trained personnel requirements. Its high throughput requires sophisticated automation and large-scale infrastructure. Isothermal amplification methods have been explored as an alternative to address these challenges. These methods are rapid, user-friendly, low-cost, can be performed in less specialized settings, and are highly accurate for detecting RNA viruses. Microfluidic technology provides an ideal platform for performing virus diagnostic tests, including sample preparation, immunoassays, and nucleic acid-based assays. Among these techniques, nucleic acid isothermal amplification methods have been widely integrated with microfluidic platforms for RNA virus detection owing to their simplicity, sensitivity, selectivity, and short analysis time. This review summarizes some common isothermal amplification methods for RNA viruses. It also describes commercialized devices and kits that use isothermal amplification techniques for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Furthermore, the most recent applications of isothermal amplification-based microfluidic platforms for RNA virus detection are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Nhu Ngoc
- Department of Nano Science and Technology Convergence, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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18
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Li B, Zhai G, Dong Y, Wang L, Ma P. Recent progress on the CRISPR/Cas system in optical biosensors. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:798-816. [PMID: 38259224 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02147e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein systems are adaptive immune systems unique to archaea and bacteria, with the characteristics of targeted recognition and gene editing to resist the invasion of foreign nucleic acids. Biosensors combined with the CRISPR/Cas system and optical detection technology have attracted much attention in medical diagnoses, food safety, agricultural progress, and environmental monitoring owing to their good sensitivity, high selectivity, and fast detection efficiency. In this review, we introduce the mechanism of CRISPR/Cas systems and developments in this area, followed by summarizing recent progress on CRISPR/Cas system-based optical biosensors combined with colorimetric, fluorescence, electrochemiluminescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering optical techniques in various fields. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives of CRISPR/Cas systems in optical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Li
- School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Guangyu Zhai
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yaru Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Peng Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
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19
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Roy R, Singh G, Dahiya UR, Pandey M, Xess I, Kalyanasundaram D. Rapid detection of Mucorales in human blood and urine samples by functionalized Heusler magnetic nanoparticle assisted customized loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myae007. [PMID: 38327232 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis is a rare disease with scarce diagnostic methods for early intervention. Available strategies employing direct microscopy using calcofluor white-KOH, culture, radiologic, and histopathologic testing often are time-intensive and demand intricate protocols. Nucleic Acid Amplification Test holds promise due to its high sensitivity combined with rapid detection. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based detection offers an ultrasensitive technique that does not require complicated thermocyclers like in polymerase chain reaction, offering a straightforward means for improving diagnoses as a near-point-of-care test. The study introduces a novel magnetic nanoparticle-based LAMP assay for carryover contaminant capture to reduce false positives. Solving the main drawback of LAMP-based diagnosis techniques. The assay targets the cotH gene, which is invariably specific to Mucorales. The assay was tested with various species of Mucorales, and the limit of detections for Rhizopus microsporus, Lichtheimia corymbifera, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhizopus homothallicus, and Cunninghamella bertholletiae were 1 fg, 1 fg, 0.1 pg, 0.1 pg, and 0.01 ng, respectively. This was followed by a clinical blindfolded study using whole blood and urine samples from 30 patients diagnosed with Mucormycosis. The assay has a high degree of repeatability and had an overall sensitivity of > 83%. Early Mucormycosis detection is crucial, as current lab tests from blood and urine lack sensitivity and take days for confirmation despite rapid progression and severe complications. Our developed technique enables the confirmation of Mucormycosis infection in < 45 min, focusing specifically on the RT-LAMP process. Consequently, this research offers a viable technique for quickly identifying Mucormycosis from isolated DNA of blood and urine samples instead of invasive tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Roy
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ujjwal Ranjan Dahiya
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Mragnayani Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Immaculata Xess
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Dinesh Kalyanasundaram
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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20
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Yu Y, Li Q, Shi W, Yang Y, He H, Dai J, Mao G, Ma Y. Programmable Aptasensor for Regulating CRISPR/Cas12a Activity. ACS Sens 2024; 9:244-250. [PMID: 38085648 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
CRISPR-mediated aptasensors have gained prevalence for detecting non-nucleic acid targets. However, there is an urgent need to develop an easily customizable design to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, enhance universality, and expand the detection range. In this article, we report a CRISPR-mediated programmable aptasensor (CPAS) platform. The platform includes single-stranded DNA comprising the aptamer sequence, locker DNA, and a crRNA recognition region, forming a hairpin structure through complementary hybridization. With T4 DNA polymerase, the crRNA recognition region was transformed into a complete double-stranded DNA through stem-loop extension, thereby activating the trans-cleavage activity of Cas 12a and generating fluorescence signals. The specific binding between the target molecule and aptamer disrupted the formation of the hairpin structure, altering the fluorescence signals. Notably, the CPAS platform allows for easy customization by simply changing the aptamer sequence and locker DNA, without entailing adjustments to the crRNA. The optimal number of bases in the locker DNA was determined to be seven nucleotides for the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and four nucleotides for ATP. The CPAS platform exhibited high sensitivity for S protein and ATP detection. Integration with a lateral flow assay enabled sensitive detection within 1 h, revealing its excellent potential for portable analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qiaoyu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wen Shi
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongpeng He
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Junbiao Dai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Guobin Mao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yingxin Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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21
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Shi Y, Tan Z, Li W, Wu D, Li L, Wu Y, Li G. Enzyme-Assisted Endogenous Guide DNA Generation-Mediated Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute for Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris Detection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1354-1360. [PMID: 38174972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Pyrococcus furiosusArgonaute (PfAgo) emerged as a novel endonuclease for the nucleic acid test recently. However, the input of exogenous guide DNA (gDNA) to activate PfAgo has reduced its flexibility. In this work, an enzyme-assisted endogenous gDNA generation-mediated PfAgo for the target detection strategy, termed EGG-PAD, was proposed. With the aid of EcoR Ι, the target double-strand DNA was cut, producing a phosphate group at the 5' end, functioning as gDNA to activate PfAgo for nucleic acid detection. The applicability of this assay was tested in the detection ofAlicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, a bacterium causing the spoilage of fruit juice, showing excellent sensitivity and specificity, ascribed to the "duplex amplification and triple insurance" mechanism. Moreover, EGG-PAD exhibited superior versatility in the identification of common foodborne pathogens. This powerful platform could also be an on-site test tool for detecting nucleic acid-containing organisms such as tumor cell, pathogen, and virus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Shi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zishan Tan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wenrui Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Li
- Animal-Derived Food Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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22
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Li J, Zhang K, Lin G, Li J. CRISPR-Cas system: A promising tool for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29356. [PMID: 38180237 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, remains a global health crisis. The emergence of multiple variants with enhanced characteristics necessitates their detection and monitoring. Genome sequencing, the gold standard, faces implementation challenges due to complexity, cost, and limited throughput. The CRISPR-Cas system offers promising potential for rapid variant detection, with advantages such as speed, sensitivity, specificity, and programmability. This review provides an in-depth examination of the applications of CRISPR-Cas in mutation detection specifically for SARS-CoV-2. It begins by introducing SARS-CoV-2 and existing variant detection platforms. The principles of the CRISPR-Cas system are then clarified, followed by an exploration of three CRISPR-Cas-based mutation detection platforms, which are evaluated from different perspectives. The review discusses strategies for mutation site selection and the utilization of CRISPR-Cas, offering valuable insights for the development of mutation detection methods. Furthermore, a critical analysis of the clinical applications, advantages, disadvantages, challenges, and prospects of the CRISPR-Cas system is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guigao Lin
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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23
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Arabi-Jeshvaghani F, Javadi-Zarnaghi F, Löchel HF, Martin R, Heider D. LAMPPrimerBank, a manually curated database of experimentally validated loop-mediated isothermal amplification primers for detection of respiratory pathogens. Infection 2023; 51:1809-1818. [PMID: 37828369 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND METHODS The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has once again affirmed the significant threat of respiratory infections to global public health and the utmost importance of prompt diagnosis in managing and mitigating any pandemic. The nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) is the primary detection method for most pathogens. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a rapid, simple, sensitive, and specific epitome of isothermal NAAT performed using a set of four to six primers. Primer design is a fundamental step in LAMP assays, with several complexities and experimental screening requirements. To address this challenge, an online database is presented here. Its workflow comprises three steps: literature aggregation, data curation, and database and website implementation. RESULTS LAMPPrimerBank ( https://lampprimerbank.mathematik.uni-marburg.de ) is a manually curated database dedicated to experimentally validated LAMP primers, their peculiarities of assays, and accompanying literature, with a primary emphasis on respiratory pathogens. LAMPPrimerBank, with its user-friendly web interface and an open application programming interface, enables the accelerated and facile exploration, comparison, and exportation of LAMP primer sequences and their respective information from the massively scattered literature. LAMPPrimerBank currently comprises LAMP primers for diagnosing viral, bacterial, and fungal respiratory pathogens. Additionally, to address the challenge of false-positive results generated by nonspecific amplifications, LAMPPrimerBank computationally predicted and visualized the sizes of LAMP products for recorded primer sets in the database. CONCLUSION LAMPPrimerBank, as a pioneering database in the rapidly expanding field of isothermal NAAT, endeavors to confront the two challenges of the LAMP: primer design and discrimination of false-positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Arabi-Jeshvaghani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Javadi-Zarnaghi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hannah Franziska Löchel
- Department of Data Science in Biomedicine, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roman Martin
- Department of Data Science in Biomedicine, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Heider
- Department of Data Science in Biomedicine, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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24
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Romero Deza AA, Schaumburg F, Berli CLA. Valveless On-Chip Aliquoting for Molecular Diagnosis. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1425. [PMID: 37512736 PMCID: PMC10386703 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The detection of nucleic acids as specific markers of infectious diseases is commonly implemented in molecular biology laboratories. The translation of these benchtop assays to a lab-on-a-chip format demands huge efforts of integration and automation. The present work is motivated by a strong requirement often posed by molecular assays that combine isothermal amplification and CRISPR/Cas-based detection: after amplification, a 2-8 microliter aliquot of the reaction products must be taken for the subsequent reaction. In order to fulfill this technical problem, we have designed and prototyped a microfluidic device that is able to meter and aliquot in the required range during the stepped assay. The operation is achieved by integrating a porous material that retains the desired amount of liquid after removing the excess reaction products, an innovative solution that avoids valving and external actuation. The prototypes were calibrated and experimentally tested to demonstrate the overall performance (general fluidics, metering, aliquoting, mixing and reaction). The proposed aliquoting method is fully compatible with additional functions, such as sample concentration or reagent storage, and could be further employed in alternative applications beyond molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Schaumburg
- Predio CCT CONICET Santa Fe, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET), RN 168, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Claudio L A Berli
- Predio CCT CONICET Santa Fe, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET), RN 168, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
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25
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Schaumburg F, Pujato N, Peverengo LM, Marcipar IS, Berli CLA. Coupling ELISA to smartphones for POCT of chronic and congenital Chagas disease. Talanta 2023; 256:124246. [PMID: 36657239 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) affects about 7 million people worldwide, presents a large prevalence in Latin America, and is growing in the rest of the world, where congenital CD is the main mode of transmission. Point-of-care testing (POCT) methods are increasingly required to ease early diagnostics and increase treatment success. This work presents the development and validation of a smartphone-integrated ELISA-based POCT system for the detection of both chronic and congenital CD. Expensive and bulky equipment used for ELISA in conventional laboratories was replaced as follows. A miniaturized device was fabricated for incubation of commercial ELISA plates, achieving ∼±1 °C uniformity and stability. The ELISA plate reader was replaced by smartphone camera and image processing, comprising algorithms to account for variability sources and spatial light non-uniformity; thus, additional hardware like a dark-box is not required. The agreement between samples classified with this novel reading method vs. ELISA plate reader was found to be 99.7% and 95.4% for chronic and congenital CD, respectively. Furthermore, a smartphone application was designed and implemented to guide the user during the assay, provide connectivity, and access databases, facilitating patient monitoring and health-policy making. The whole system is aimed to be used as a practical diagnostic tool in primary health care settings, as well as to facilitate patients' follow-up to provide better treatment. Concerning the technology itself, the proposed POCT platform is versatile enough to be readily adapted for the detection of other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Schaumburg
- INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET), Predio CCT CONICET-Santa Fe, RN 168, Santa Fe, S3000GLN, Argentina.
| | - Nazarena Pujato
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica (FBCB, Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Ciudad Universitaria, RN 168, Santa Fe, S3000GLN, Argentina.
| | - Luz María Peverengo
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica (FBCB, Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Ciudad Universitaria, RN 168, Santa Fe, S3000GLN, Argentina.
| | - Iván Sergio Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica (FBCB, Universidad Nacional del Litoral), Ciudad Universitaria, RN 168, Santa Fe, S3000GLN, Argentina.
| | - Claudio Luis Alberto Berli
- INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET), Predio CCT CONICET-Santa Fe, RN 168, Santa Fe, S3000GLN, Argentina.
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26
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Salahandish R, Hyun JE, Haghayegh F, Tabrizi HO, Moossavi S, Khetani S, Ayala-Charca G, Berenger BM, Niu YD, Ghafar-Zadeh E, Nezhad AS. CoVSense: Ultrasensitive Nucleocapsid Antigen Immunosensor for Rapid Clinical Detection of Wildtype and Variant SARS-CoV-2. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206615. [PMID: 36995043 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The widespread accessibility of commercial/clinically-viable electrochemical diagnostic systems for rapid quantification of viral proteins demands translational/preclinical investigations. Here, Covid-Sense (CoVSense) antigen testing platform; an all-in-one electrochemical nano-immunosensor for sample-to-result, self-validated, and accurate quantification of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N)-proteins in clinical examinations is developed. The platform's sensing strips benefit from a highly-sensitive, nanostructured surface, created through the incorporation of carboxyl-functionalized graphene nanosheets, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) conductive polymers, enhancing the overall conductivity of the system. The nanoengineered surface chemistry allows for compatible direct assembly of bioreceptor molecules. CoVSense offers an inexpensive (<$2 kit) and fast/digital response (<10 min), measured using a customized hand-held reader (<$25), enabling data-driven outbreak management. The sensor shows 95% clinical sensitivity and 100% specificity (Ct<25), and overall sensitivity of 91% for combined symptomatic/asymptomatic cohort with wildtype SARS-CoV-2 or B.1.1.7 variant (N = 105, nasal/throat samples). The sensor correlates the N-protein levels to viral load, detecting high Ct values of ≈35, with no sample preparation steps, while outperforming the commercial rapid antigen tests. The current translational technology fills the gap in the workflow of rapid, point-of-care, and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Salahandish
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnologies for Health Assessments (LAB-HA), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jae Eun Hyun
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Haghayegh
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hamed Osouli Tabrizi
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators (BioSA), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Shirin Moossavi
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sultan Khetani
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Giancarlo Ayala-Charca
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators (BioSA), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Byron M Berenger
- Alberta Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4W4, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yan Dong Niu
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh
- Biologically Inspired Sensors and Actuators (BioSA), Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Amir Sanati Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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27
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Li P, Xie Z, Zhuang L, Deng L, Huang J. DNA-templated copper nanocluster: A robust and universal fluorescence switch for bleomycin assay. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123756. [PMID: 36812975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM) is widely utilized for cancer treatment due to the outstanding antitumor activity, but BLM with imprecisely controlled dosage may lead to lethal consequences. It is thus a profound task to accurately monitor the BLM levels in clinical settings. Herein, we propose a straightforward, convenient, and sensitive sensing method for BLM assay. Poly-T DNA-templated copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) are fabricated with strong fluorescence emission and uniform size distribution and served as fluorescence indicators for BLM. The high binding affinity of BLM for Cu2+makes it able to inhibit fluorescence signals generated from CuNCs. This is the underlying mechanism rarely explored and can be utilized for effective BLM detection. A detection limit of 0.27 μM (according to 3σ/s rule) is achieved in this work. And the precision, producibility, and practical useability are also confirmed with satisfactory results. Furthermore, the accuracy of the method is verified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To sum up, the established strategy in this work exhibits the advantages of convenience, rapidness, low cost, and high precision. The construction of BLM biosensors is important to achieve the best therapeutic effect with minimal toxicity, which opens a new avenue for monitoring antitumor drugs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, PR China
| | - Zhuohao Xie
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, PR China
| | - Liuyan Zhuang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Liehua Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, PR China.
| | - Jiahao Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, PR China.
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28
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Zhao Y, Wu W, Tang X, Zhang Q, Mao J, Yu L, Li P, Zhang Z. A universal CRISPR/Cas12a-powered intelligent point-of-care testing platform for multiple small molecules in the healthcare, environment, and food. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 225:115102. [PMID: 36724657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Growing studies focusing on nuclear acid detection via the emerging CRISPR technique demonstrate its promising application. However, limited works solve the identification of non-nucleic acid targets, especially multiple small molecules. To address challenges for point-of-care testing (POCT) in complex matrices for healthcare, environment, and food safety, we developed CRISPR Cas12a-powered highly sensitive, high throughput, intelligent POCT (iPOCT) for multiple small molecules based on a smartphone-controlled reader. As a proof of concept, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and capsaicin (CAP) were chosen as multiple targets. First, three antigens were preloaded in independent microwells. Then, the antibody/antigen-induced fluorescent signals were consecutively transferred from the biotin-streptavidin to CRISPR/Cas12a system. Third, the fluorescent signals were recorded by a smartphone-controlled handheld dark-box readout. Under optimization, detection limits in AFB1, BaP, and CAP were 0.00257, 4.971, and 794.6 fg/mL with wide linear ranges up to four orders of magnitude. Using urine, water, soybean oil, wheat, and peanuts as the complex matrix, we recorded high selectivity, considerable recovery, repeatability, and high consistency comparison to HPLC-MS/MS methods. This work promises a practical intelligent POCT platform for multiple targets in lipid-soluble and water-soluble matrices and could be extensively applied for healthcare, environment, and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Wenqin Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Wuhan, 430062, PR China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jin Mao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Wuhan, 430062, PR China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Li Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Wuhan, 430062, PR China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Wuhan, 430062, PR China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; Zhejiang Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, PR China
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Wuhan, 430062, PR China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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29
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Xiao H, Hu J, Huang C, Feng W, Liu Y, Kumblathan T, Tao J, Xu J, Le XC, Zhang H. CRISPR techniques and potential for the detection and discrimination of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 161:117000. [PMID: 36937152 PMCID: PMC9977466 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The continuing evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the emergence of many variants, including variants of concern (VOCs). CRISPR-Cas systems have been used to develop techniques for the detection of variants. These techniques have focused on the detection of variant-specific mutations in the spike protein gene of SARS-CoV-2. These sequences mostly carry single-nucleotide mutations and are difficult to differentiate using a single CRISPR-based assay. Here we discuss the specificity of the Cas9, Cas12, and Cas13 systems, important considerations of mutation sites, design of guide RNA, and recent progress in CRISPR-based assays for SARS-CoV-2 variants. Strategies for discriminating single-nucleotide mutations include optimizing the position of mismatches, modifying nucleotides in the guide RNA, and using two guide RNAs to recognize the specific mutation sequence and a conservative sequence. Further research is needed to confront challenges in the detection and differentiation of variants and sublineages of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical diagnostic and point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyan Xiao
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Jianyu Hu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Camille Huang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Wei Feng
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Yanming Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Teresa Kumblathan
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Tao
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Jingyang Xu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - X Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
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30
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Suliman Maashi M. CRISPR/Cas-based Aptasensor as an Innovative Sensing Approaches for Food Safety Analysis: Recent Progresses and New Horizons. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-19. [PMID: 36940173 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2188955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Food safety is one of the greatest public problems occurring around the world. Chemical, physical, and microbiological hazards could lead to food safety problems, which might occur at all stages of the supply chain. To tackle food safety problems and protect consumer health, specific, accurate, and rapid diagnosis techniques meeting various requirements are the imperative measures to ensure food safety. CRISPR-Cas system, a novel emerging technology, is effectively repurposed in (bio)sensing and has shown a tremendous capability to develop on-site and portable diagnostic methods with high specificity and sensitivity. Among numerous existing CRISPR/Cas systems, CRISPR/Cas13a and CRISPR/Cas12a are extensively employed in the design of biosensors, owing to their ability to cleave both non-target and target sequences. However, the specificity limitation in CRISPR/Cas has hindered its progress. Nowadays, nucleic acid aptamers recognized for their specificity and high-affinity characteristics for their analytes are incorporated into CRISPR/Cas systems. With the benefits of reproducibility, high durability, portability, facile operation, and cost-effectiveness, CRISPR/Cas-based aptasensing approaches are an ideal choice for fabricating highly specific point-of-need analytical tools with enhanced response signals. In the current study, we explore some of the most recent progress in the CRISPR/Cas-mediated aptasensors for detecting food risk factors including veterinary drugs, pesticide residues, pathogens, mycotoxins, heavy metals, illegal additives, food additives, and other contaminants. The nanomaterial engineering support with CRISPR/Cas aptasensors is also signified to achieve a hopeful perspective to provide new straightforward test kits toward trace amounts of different contaminants encountered in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Suliman Maashi
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Regenerative Medicine Unit at King Fahad Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Wang Y, Chen H, Gao H, Wei H, Wang Y, Mu K, Liu L, Dai E, Rong Z, Wang S. CESSAT: A chemical additive-enhanced single-step accurate CRISPR/Cas13 testing system for field-deployable ultrasensitive detection and genotyping of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 229:115238. [PMID: 36958206 PMCID: PMC10027308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
The continued emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has raised great challenges for epidemic prevention and control. A rapid, sensitive, and on-site SARS-CoV-2 genotyping technique is urgently needed for individual diagnosis and routine surveillance. Here, a field-deployable ultrasensitive CRISPR-based diagnostics system, called Chemical additive-Enhanced Single-Step Accurate CRISPR/Cas13 Testing system (CESSAT), for simultaneous screening of SARS-CoV-2 and its five VOCs (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron) within 40 min was reported. In this system, a single-step reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification-CRISPR/Cas13a assay was incorporated with optimized extraction-free viral lysis and reagent lyophilization, which could eliminate complicated sample processing steps and rigorous reagent storage conditions. Remarkably, 10% glycine as a chemical additive could improve the assay sensitivity by 10 times, making the limit of detection as low as 1 copy/μL (5 copies/reaction). A compact optic fiber-integrated smartphone-based device was developed for sample lysis, assay incubation, fluorescence imaging, and result interpretation. CESSAT could specifically differentiate the synthetic pseudovirus of SARS-CoV-2 and its five VOCs. The genotyping results for 40 clinical samples were in 100% concordance with standard method. We believe this simple but efficient enhancement strategy can be widely incorporated with existing Cas13a-based assays, thus leading a substantial progress in the development and application of rapid, ultrasensitive, and accurate nucleic acid analysis technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Huixia Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050021, PR China
| | - Hongjuan Wei
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050021, PR China
| | - Kai Mu
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Erhei Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050021, PR China.
| | - Zhen Rong
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
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32
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Liu FX, Cui JQ, Wu Z, Yao S. Recent progress in nucleic acid detection with CRISPR. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1467-1492. [PMID: 36723235 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00928e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in CRISPR-based biotechnologies have greatly expanded our capabilities to repurpose CRISPR for the development of molecular diagnostic systems. The key attribute that allows CRISPR to be widely utilized is its programmable and highly specific nature. In this review, we first illustrate the principle of the class 2 CRISPR nucleases for molecular diagnostics which originates from their immunologic defence systems. Next, we present the CRISPR-based schemes in the application of diagnostics with amplification-assisted or amplification-free strategies. By highlighting some of the recent advances we interpret how general bioengineering methodologies can be integrated with CRISPR. Finally, we discuss the challenges and exciting prospects for future CRISPR-based biosensing development. We hope that this review will guide the reader to systematically learn the start-of-the-art development of CRISPR-mediated nucleic acid detection and understand how to apply the CRISPR nucleases with different design concepts to more general applications in diagnostics and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank X Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Johnson Q Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Zhihao Wu
- IIP-Advanced Materials, Interdisciplinary Program Office (IPO), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shuhuai Yao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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33
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Yuan K, Huang R, Gong K, Xiao Z, Chen J, Cai S, Shen J, Xiong Z, Lin Z. Smartphone-based hand-held polarized light microscope for on-site pharmaceutical crystallinity characterization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04582-1. [PMID: 36786836 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Polarized light microscopy (PLM) is a common but critical method for pharmaceutical crystallinity characterization, which has been widely introduced for research purposes or drug testing and is recommended by many pharmacopeias around the world. To date, crystallinity characterization of pharmaceutical solids is restricted to laboratories due to the relatively bulky design of the conventional PLM system, while little attention has been paid to on-site, portable, and low-cost applications. Herein, we developed a smartphone-based polarized microscope with an ultra-miniaturization design ("hand-held" scale) for these purposes. The compact system consists of an optical lens, two polarizers, and a tailor-made platform to hold the smartphone. Analytical performance parameters including resolution, imaging quality of interference color, and imaging reproducibility were measured. In a first approach, we illustrated the suitability of the device for pharmaceutical crystallinity characterization and obtained high-quality birefringence images comparable to a conventional PLM system, and we also showed the great promise of the device for on-site characterization with high flexibility. In a second approach, we employed the device as a proof of concept for a wider application ranging from liquid crystal to environmental pollutants or tissues from plants. As such, this smartphone-based hand-held polarized light microscope shows great potential in helping pharmacists both for research purposes and on-site drug testing, not to mention its broad application prospects in many other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisong Yuan
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - Rui Huang
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Kaishuo Gong
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Ziyi Xiao
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Siyao Cai
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jiayi Shen
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Zuer Xiong
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Zhexuan Lin
- Bio-Analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China.
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34
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Hu O, Li Z, Wu J, Tan Y, Chen Z, Tong Y. A Multicomponent Nucleic Acid Enzyme-Cleavable Quantum Dot Nanobeacon for Highly Sensitive Diagnosis of Tuberculosis with the Naked Eye. ACS Sens 2023; 8:254-262. [PMID: 36579361 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Clinical tuberculosis (TB) screening and diagnosis are crucial for controlling the spread of this life-threatening infectious disease. In this work, a novel, rapid, and simple colorimetric detection platform for TB was developed based on a quantum dot-based nanobeacon (QD-NB) and multicomponent nucleic acid enzyme (MNAzyme). In the presence of target DNA (IS1081 gene fragment), the recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was performed and the amplicons were chemically DNA-denatured and then subjected to MNAzyme reaction. RNA-cleaving MNAzyme assembly included the recognition of target DNA and hybridization with a QD-NB fluorescence probe. Under the addition of Mg2+, the RNA-containing QD-NB as a cleavable substrate could be broken into two DNA fragments, leading to green fluorescence release due to their departure from a black hole quencher (BHQ2). The TB detection could be achieved with the naked eye under a portable and inexpensive UV flashlight. Our results demonstrated that QD-NB-based MNAzyme colorimetric assays improved the detection sensitivity by 1 order of magnitude compared with the detection using RPA. The limit of detection (LOD) of the visual reading was as low as 2 copies/μL (3.3 amol/L). Excellent specificity and reproducibility could also be achieved. Furthermore, the practical application of the colorimetric method for TB diagnosis was verified by 36 clinical TB patients and 20 healthy individuals. The developed QD-NB-based MNAzyme colorimetric assays provided a rapid, convenient, sensitive, and accurate alternative for clinical TB screening and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jinghao Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yaoju Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510095, P. R. China
| | - Zuanguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Tong
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510317, P. R. China
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35
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Li Z, Xu X, Wang D, Jiang X. Recent advancements in nucleic acid detection with microfluidic chip for molecular diagnostics. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 158:116871. [PMID: 36506265 PMCID: PMC9721164 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has extensively promoted the application of nucleic acid testing technology in the field of clinical testing. The most widely used polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based nucleic acid testing technology has problems such as complex operation, high requirements of personnel and laboratories, and contamination. The highly miniaturized microfluidic chip provides an essential tool for integrating the complex nucleic acid detection process. Various microfluidic chips have been developed for the rapid detection of nucleic acid, such as amplification-free microfluidics in combination with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). In this review, we first summarized the routine process of nucleic acid testing, including sample processing and nucleic acid detection. Then the typical microfluidic chip technologies and new research advances are summarized. We also discuss the main problems of nucleic acid detection and the future developing trend of the microfluidic chip.
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36
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Li D, Sun C, Mei X, Yang L. Achieving broad availability of SARS-CoV-2 detections via smartphone-based analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 158:116878. [PMID: 36506266 PMCID: PMC9728015 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the development of COVID-19, widely available tests are in great demand. Naked-eye SARS-CoV-2 test kits have recently been developed as home tests, but their sensitivity and accuracy are sometimes limited. Smartphones can convert various signals into digital information, potentially improving the sensitivity and accuracy of these home tests. Herein, we summarize smartphone-based detections for SARS-CoV-2. Optical detections of non-nucleic acids using various sensors and portable imaging systems, as well as nucleic acid analyses based on LAMP, CRISP, CATCH, and biosensors are discussed. Furthermore, different electrochemical detections were compared. We show results obtained using relatively complex equipment, complicated programming procedures, or custom smartphone apps, and describe methods for obtaining information with only simple setups and free software on smartphones. Then, the combined costs of typical smartphone-based detections are evaluated. Finally, the prospect of improving smartphone-based strategies to achieve broad availability of SARS-CoV-2 detection is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Cai Sun
- AECC Shenyang Liming Aero-Engine Co, Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China,Corresponding author
| | - Liqun Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics (China Medical University), Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning (The Affiliated Reproductive Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang, China,Corresponding author
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37
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Guk K, Yi S, Kim H, Bae Y, Yong D, Kim S, Lee KS, Lim EK, Kang T, Jung J. Hybrid CRISPR/Cas protein for one-pot detection of DNA and RNA. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114819. [PMID: 36327561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based diagnostics have emerged as next-generation molecular diagnostics. In CRISPR-based diagnostics, Cas12 and Cas13 proteins have been widely employed to detect DNA and RNA, respectively. Herein, we developed a novel hybrid Cas protein capable of detecting universal nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). The CRISPR/hybrid Cas system simultaneously recognizes both DNA and RNA, enabling the dual detection of pathogenic viruses in a single tube. Using wild-type (WT) and N501Y mutant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as detection models, we successfully detected both virus strains with a detection limit of 10 viral copies per reaction without cross-reactivity. Furthermore, it is demonstrated the detection of WT SARS-CoV-2 and N501Y mutant variants in clinical samples by using the CRISPR/hybrid Cas system. The hybrid Cas protein is expected to be utilized in a molecular diagnostic method for infectious diseases, tissue and liquid biopsies, and other nucleic acid biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeonghye Guk
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Yi
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Bae
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongeun Yong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjoo Kim
- Republic of Korea Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sun Lee
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Lim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoon Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juyeon Jung
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, UST, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Guo W, Tao Y, Mao K, Liu W, Xue R, Ge Z, Ren Y. Portable general microfluidic device with complex electric field regulation functions for electrokinetic experiments. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 23:157-167. [PMID: 36484422 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01053d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic sample manipulation is a key step for many kinds of microfluidic chips to achieve various functions, such as particle focusing and separation, fluid pumping and material synthesis. But these microfluidic experiments usually rely on large-scale signal generators for power supply, microscopes for imaging and other instruments for analysis, which hampers the portable process of microfluidic technology. Inspired by this situation, we herein designed a portable general microfluidic device (PGMD) with complex electric field regulation functions, which can accurately regulate static or continuous fluid samples. Through the graphical user interface (GUI) and modular design, the PGMD can generate multiple different electrical signals, and the micro-flow of fluid can be pumped through the built-in micropump, which can meet the requirements of most microfluidic experiments. Photos or videos of the microfluidic chip captured by the built-in microscope are received and displayed by a smartphone. We carried out a variety of microfluidic experiments such as induced-charge electroosmosis (ICEO), particle beam exit switching, thermal buoyancy flow and dielectrophoresis (DEP) on the PGMD. In addition, the PGMD can perform rapid microalgae concentration estimation in an outdoor environment, which can be used to guide microalgae cultivation, further demonstrating the development potential of this device in the field of microbial applications. Numerous results show that the PGMD has a high degree of integration and strong reliability, which expands the application of microfluidic electrokinetic experiments and provides technical support for the integration and portability of microfluidic experimental devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaihao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiyu Liu
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle-Section of Nan'er Huan Road, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Rui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenyou Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yukun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
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39
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Akarapipad P, Bertelson E, Pessell A, Wang TH, Hsieh K. Emerging Multiplex Nucleic Acid Diagnostic Tests for Combating COVID-19. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12110978. [PMID: 36354487 PMCID: PMC9688249 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has drawn attention to the need for fast and accurate diagnostic testing. Concerns from emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and other circulating respiratory viral pathogens further underscore the importance of expanding diagnostic testing to multiplex detection, as single-plex diagnostic testing may fail to detect emerging variants and other viruses, while sequencing can be too slow and too expensive as a diagnostic tool. As a result, there have been significant advances in multiplex nucleic-acid-based virus diagnostic testing, creating a need for a timely review. This review first introduces frequent nucleic acid targets for multiplex virus diagnostic tests, then proceeds to a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of multiplex assays that incorporate various detection reactions and readout modalities. The performances, advantages, and disadvantages of these assays are discussed, followed by highlights of platforms that are amenable for point-of-care use. Finally, this review points out the remaining technical challenges and shares perspectives on future research and development. By examining the state of the art and synthesizing existing development in multiplex nucleic acid diagnostic tests, this review can provide a useful resource for facilitating future research and ultimately combating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patarajarin Akarapipad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bertelson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alexander Pessell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kuangwen Hsieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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40
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Recent advances on CRISPR/Cas system-enabled portable detection devices for on-site agri-food safety assay. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Park JW. Principles and Applications of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification to Point-of-Care Tests. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100857. [PMID: 36290994 PMCID: PMC9599884 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
For the identification of nucleic acids, which are important biomarkers of pathogen-mediated diseases and viruses, the gold standard for NA-based diagnostic applications is polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, the requirements of PCR limit its application as a rapid point-of-care diagnostic technique. To address the challenges associated with regular PCR, many isothermal amplification methods have been developed to accurately detect NAs. Isothermal amplification methods enable NA amplification without changes in temperature with simple devices, as well as faster amplification times compared with regular PCR. Of the isothermal amplifications, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is the most studied because it amplifies NAs rapidly and specifically. This review describes the principles of LAMP, the methods used to monitor the process of LAMP, and examples of biosensors that detect the amplicons of LAMP. In addition, current trends in the application of LAMP to smartphones and self-diagnosis systems for point-of-care tests are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Woong Park
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Korea
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