1
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Wu CY, Hsiao YC, Chen Y, Lin KH, Lee TJ, Chi CC, Lin JT, Hsu LC, Tsai HJ, Gao JQ, Chang CW, Kao IT, Wu CY, Lu YR, Pao CW, Hung SF, Lu MY, Zhou S, Yang TH. A catalyst family of high-entropy alloy atomic layers with square atomic arrangements comprising iron- and platinum-group metals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl3693. [PMID: 39058768 PMCID: PMC11277269 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl3693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
We report a catalyst family of high-entropy alloy (HEA) atomic layers having three elements from iron-group metals (IGMs) and two elements from platinum-group metals (PGMs). Ten distinct quinary compositions of IGM-PGM-HEA with precisely controlled square atomic arrangements are used to explore their impact on hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). The PtRuFeCoNi atomic layers perform enhanced catalytic activity and durability toward HER and HOR when benchmarked against the other IGM-PGM-HEA and commercial Pt/C catalysts. Operando synchrotron x-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory simulations confirm the cocktail effect arising from the multielement composition. This effect optimizes hydrogen-adsorption free energy and contributes to the remarkable catalytic activity observed in PtRuFeCoNi. In situ electron microscopy captures the phase transformation of metastable PtRuFeCoNi during the annealing process. They transform from random atomic mixing (25°C), to ordered L10 (300°C) and L12 (400°C) intermetallic, and finally phase-separated states (500°C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chun Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Han Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ju Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Chi Chi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Tai Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ching Hsu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Jung Tsai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Qi Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Kao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Rui Lu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Fu Hung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Tung-Han Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- High Entropy Materials Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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2
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Veglak JM, Tsai A, Soliman SS, Dey GR, Schaak RE. Disentangling Competitive and Synergistic Chemical Reactivities During the Seeded Growth of High-Entropy Alloys on High-Entropy Metal Sulfide Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19521-19536. [PMID: 38970561 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The seeded growth of one type of nanoparticle on the surface of another is foundational to synthesizing many multifunctional nanostructures. High-entropy nanoparticles that randomly incorporate five or more elements offer enhanced properties due to synergistic interactions. Incorporating high-entropy nanoparticles into seeded growth platforms is essential for merging their unique properties with the functional enhancements that arise from particle-particle interactions. However, the complex compositions of high-entropy materials complicate the seeded growth process due to competing particle growth and chemical reactivity pathways. Here, we design and synthesize a 36-member nanoparticle library to identify and disentangle these competitive interactions, ultimately defining chemical characteristics that underpin the seeded growth of high-entropy alloys on high-entropy metal sulfide nanoparticles. As a model system, we focus on (Cu,Zn,Co,In,Ga)S-SnPdPtRhIr, which combines a high-entropy metal sulfide semiconductor with a high-entropy alloy catalyst. We study the seeded growth of all possible pairwise combinations of Sn, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir, and SnPdPtRhIr on the metal sulfides Cu1.8S, ZnS, Co9S8, CuInS2, CuGaS2, and (Cu,Zn,Co,In,Ga)S, which have comparable morphologies and sizes. Through these studies, we uncover unexpected chemical reactivities, including cation exchange, redox reactions, and diffusion. Reaction temperature, threshold reduction potentials, metal/sulfide chemical reactivity, and the relative strengths of the various bonds that could be formed during particle growth emerge as the primary factors that underpin seeded growth. Finally, we disentangle these competitive and synergistic chemical reactivities to generate a reactivity map that provides practical guidelines for achieving seeded growth in compositionally complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Veglak
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Aaron Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Samuel S Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Gaurav R Dey
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Raymond E Schaak
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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3
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Huang Y, Wang SH, Wang X, Omidvar N, Achenie LEK, Skrabalak SE, Xin H. Unraveling Reactivity Origin of Oxygen Reduction at High-Entropy Alloy Electrocatalysts with a Computational and Data-Driven Approach. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:11183-11189. [PMID: 39015415 PMCID: PMC11247481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs), characterized as compositionally complex solid solutions with five or more metal elements, have emerged as a novel class of catalytic materials with unique attributes. Because of the remarkable diversity of multielement sites or site ensembles stabilized by configurational entropy, human exploration of the multidimensional design space of HEAs presents a formidable challenge, necessitating an efficient, computational and data-driven strategy over traditional trial-and-error experimentation or physics-based modeling. Leveraging deep learning interatomic potentials for large-scale molecular simulations and pretrained machine learning models of surface reactivity, our approach effectively rationalizes the enhanced activity of a previously synthesized PdCuPtNiCo HEA nanoparticle system for electrochemical oxygen reduction, as corroborated by experimental observations. We contend that this framework deepens our fundamental understanding of the surface reactivity of high-entropy materials and fosters the accelerated development and synthesis of monodisperse HEA nanoparticles as a versatile material platform for catalyzing sustainable chemical and energy transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Huang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Shih-Han Wang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Xiangrui Wang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Noushin Omidvar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Luke E. K. Achenie
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Sara E. Skrabalak
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University - Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Hongliang Xin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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4
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Wood CH, Schaak RE. Synthetic Roadmap to a Large Library of Colloidal High-Entropy Rare Earth Oxyhalide Nanoparticles Containing up to Thirteen Metals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18730-18742. [PMID: 38943684 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of high-entropy materials that incorporate five or more elements randomized on a crystalline lattice often exhibit synergistic properties that can be influenced by both the identity and number of elements combined. These considerations are especially important for structurally and compositionally complex materials such as multimetal multianion compounds, where cation and anion mixing can influence properties in competitive and contradictory ways. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of a large library of colloidal high-entropy rare earth oxyhalide (REOX) nanoparticles. We begin with the synthesis of (LaCePrNdSmEuGdDyHoErYbScY)OCl, which homogeneously incorporates 13 distinct rare earth elements. Through time point studies, we find that (LaNdSmGdDy)OCl, a 5-metal analogue, forms through in situ generation of compositionally segregated core@shell@shell intermediates that convert to homogeneously mixed products through apparent core-shell interdiffusion. Assuming that all possible combinations of 5 through 13 rare earth metals are synthetically accessible, we propose the existence of a 7099-member REOCl nanoparticle library, of which we synthesize and characterize 40 distinct members. We experimentally validate the incorporation of a large number of rare earth elements using energy dispersive X-ray spectra, despite closely spaced and overlapping X-ray energy lines, using several fingerprint matching strategies to uniquely correlate experimental and simulated spectra. We confirm homogeneous mixing by analyzing elemental distributions in high-entropy nanoparticles versus physical mixtures of their constituent compounds. Finally, we characterize the band gaps of the 5- and 13-metal REOCl nanoparticles and find a significantly narrowed band gap, relative to the constituent REOCl phases, in (LaCePrNdSmEuGdDyHoErYbScY)OCl but not in (LaNdSmGdDy)OCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Wood
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Raymond E Schaak
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Universtiy Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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5
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Li M, Lin F, Zhang S, Zhao R, Tao L, Li L, Li J, Zeng L, Luo M, Guo S. High-entropy alloy electrocatalysts go to (sub-)nanoscale. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn2877. [PMID: 38838156 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Alloying has proven power to upgrade metallic electrocatalysts, while the traditional alloys encounter limitation for optimizing electronic structures of surface metallic sites in a continuous manner. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) overcome this limitation by manageably tuning the adsorption/desorption energies of reaction intermediates. Recently, the marriage of nanotechnology and HEAs has made considerable progresses for renewable energy technologies, showing two important trends of size diminishment and multidimensionality. This review is dedicated to summarizing recent advances of HEAs that are rationally designed for energy electrocatalysis. We first explain the advantages of HEAs as electrocatalysts from three aspects: high entropy, nanometer, and multidimension. Then, several structural regulation methods are proposed to promote the electrocatalysis of HEAs, involving the thermodynamically nonequilibrium synthesis, regulating the (sub-)nanosize and anisotropic morphologies, as well as engineering the atomic ordering. The general relationship between the electronic structures and electrocatalytic properties of HEAs is further discussed. Finally, we outline remaining challenges of this field, aiming to inspire more sophisticated HEA-based nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menggang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fangxu Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shipeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Tao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junyi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lingyou Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mingchuan Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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6
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Wu Z, Yang G, Liu Z, Du S, Zhang Q, Peng F. Explosive Leidenfrost-Droplet-Mediated Synthesis of Monodispersed High-Entropy-Alloy Nanoparticles for Electrocatalysis. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38776264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
High-entropy-alloy nanoparticles (HEA NPs) exhibit promising potential in various catalytic applications, yet a robust synthesis strategy has been elusive. Here, we introduce a straightforward and universal method, involving the microexplosion of Leidenfrost droplets housing carbon black and metal salt precursors, to fabricate PtRhPdIrRu HEA NPs with a size of ∼2.3 nm. The accumulated pressure within the Leidenfrost droplet triggers an intense explosion within milliseconds, propelling the carbon support and metal salt rapidly into the hot solvent through explosive force. The exceptionally quick temperature rise ensures the coreduction of metal salts, and the dilute local concentration of metal ions limits the final size of the HEA NPs. Additionally, the explosion process can be fine-tuned by selecting different solvents, enabling the harvesting of diverse HEA NPs with superior electrocatalytic activity for alcohol electrooxidation and hydrogen electrocatalysis compared to commercial Pt (Pd) unitary catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiting Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjun Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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7
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Sun X, Sun Y. Synthesis of metallic high-entropy alloy nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4400-4433. [PMID: 38497773 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00954h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The theoretically infinite compositional space of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) and their novel properties and applications have attracted significant attention from a broader research community. The successful synthesis of high-quality single-phase HEA nanoparticles represents a crucial step in fully unlocking the potential of this new class of materials to drive innovations. This review analyzes the various methods reported in the literature to identify their commonalities and dissimilarities, which allows categorizing these methods into five general strategies. Physical minimization of HEA metals into HEA nanoparticles through cryo-milling represents the typical top-down strategy. The counter bottom-up strategy requires the simultaneous generation and precipitation of metal atoms of different elements on growing nanoparticles. Depending on the metal atom generation process, there are four synthesis strategies: vaporization of metals, burst reduction of metal precursors, thermal shock-induced reduction of metal precursors, and solvothermal reduction of metal precursors. Comparisons among the methods within each strategy, along with discussions, provide insights and guidance for achieving the robust synthesis of HEA nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Sun
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong, 253023, P. R. China
| | - Yugang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19122, USA.
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8
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Li Y, Yao Z, Gao W, Shang W, Deng T, Wu J. Nanoscale Design for High Entropy Alloy Electrocatalysts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310006. [PMID: 38088529 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to their distinctive physical and chemical characteristics, high entropy alloys (HEAs), a class of alloys comprising multiple elements, have garnered a lot of attention. It is demonstrated recently that HEA electrocatalysts increase the activity and stability of several processes. In this paper, the most recent developments in HEA electrocatalysts research are reviewed, and the performance of HEAs in catalyzing key reactions in water electrolysis and fuel cells is summarized. In addition, the design strategies for HEA electrocatalysts optimization is introduced, which include component selection, size optimization, morphology control, structural engineering, crystal phase regulation, and theoretical prediction, which can guide component selection and structural design of HEA electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhenpeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Future Material Innovation Center, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenpei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Future Material Innovation Center, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Future Material Innovation Center, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Materials Genome Initiative Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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9
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Ni C, O'Connor KM, Butler C, Veinot JGC. Synthesis of high-entropy germanides and investigation of their formation process. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:580-588. [PMID: 38446210 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys and compounds have emerged as an attractive research area in part because of their distinctive solid-solution structure and multi-element compositions that provide near-limitless tailorability. A diverse array of reports describing high-entropy compounds, including carbides, nitrides, sulfides, oxides, fluorides, silicides, and borides, has resulted. Strikingly, exploration of high-entropy germanides (HEGs) has remained relatively limited. In this study, we present a detailed investigation into the synthesis of HEGs, specifically AuAgCuPdPtGe and FeCoNiCrVGe, via a rapid thermal annealing. The structural, compositional, and morphological characteristics of the synthesized HEGs were assessed using laboratory X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Complementing these post-synthesis analyses, we interrogated the formation and growth mechanisms using in situ heating XRD and TEM and determined that HEG formation involved initial decomposition of germanane (GeNSs) during the annealing, followed by gradual grain growth via atom diffusion at temperatures below 600 °C, and finally a rapid grain growth process at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Ni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Kevin M O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Cole Butler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
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Li F, Wu H, Lv S, Ma Y, Wang B, Ren Y, Wang C, Shi Y, Ji H, Gu J, Tang S, Meng X. Two Birds with One Stone: Contemporaneously Enhancing OER Catalytic Activity and Stability for Dual-Phase Medium-Entropy Metal Sulfides. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309025. [PMID: 37890449 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-based sulfides exhibit remarkable potential as electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to the unique intrinsic structure and physicochemical characteristics. Nevertheless, currently available sulfide catalysts based on transition metals face a bottleneck in large-scale commercial applications owing to their unsatisfactory stability. Here, the first fabrication of (FeCoNiMn2 )S2 dual-phase medium-entropy metal sulfide (dp-MEMS) is successfully achieved, which demonstrated the expected optimization of stability in the OER process. Benefiting from the "cell wall" -like structure and the synergistic effect in medium-entropy systems, (FeCoNiMn2 )S2 dp-MEMS delivers an exceptionally low overpotential of 169 and 232 mV at current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm-2 , respectively. The enhancement mechanism of catalytic activity and stability is further validated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Additionally, the rechargeable Zn-air batteries integrated with FeCoNiMn2 )S2 dp-MEMS exhibit remarkable performance outperforming the commercial catalyst (Pt/C+RuO2 ). This work demonstrates that the dual-phase medium-entropy metal sulfide-based catalysts have the potential to provide a greater application value for OER and related energy conversion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Shaochen Lv
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Ma
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Information, Jiangsu Shipping College, Nantong, 226010, P. R. China
| | - Biao Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yilun Ren
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Hurong Ji
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jian Gu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Shaochun Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiangkang Meng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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11
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Coviello V, Forrer D, Canton P, Amendola V. Physical and chemical parameters determining the formation of gold-sp metal (Al, Ga, In, and Pb) nanoalloys. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:4745-4759. [PMID: 38303678 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04750d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Alloying is a key step towards the fabrication of advanced and unique nanomaterials demanded by the next generation of nanotechnology solutions. In particular, the alloys of Au with the sp-metals are expected to have several appealing plasmonic and electronic properties for a wide range of applications in optics, catalysis, nanomedicine, sensing and quantum devices. However, little is known about the thermodynamic and synthetic factors leading to the successful alloying of Au and sp-metals at the nanoscale. In this work, Au-M nanoalloys, with M = Al, Ga, In, or Pb, have been synthesized by a green and single step laser ablation in liquid (LAL) approach in two environments (pure ethanol and anhydrous acetone). To delve deeper into the key parameters leading to successful alloying under the typical operating conditions of LAL, a multiparametric analysis was performed considering the mixing enthalpy from DFT calculations and other alloying descriptors such as the Hume-Rothery parameters. The results showed that the dominant factors for alloying change dramatically with the oxidative ability of the synthesis environment. In this way, the tendency of the four sp metals to alloy with gold was accurately predicted (R2 > 0.99) using only two and three parameters in anhydrous and non-anhydrous environments, respectively. These results are important to produce nanoalloys using LAL and other physical methods because they contribute to the understanding of factors leading to element mixing at the nanoscale under real synthetic conditions, which is crucial for guiding the realization of next-generation multifunctional metallic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Coviello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniel Forrer
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- CNR - ICMATE, Padova, I-35131, Italy
| | - Patrizia Canton
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Amendola
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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12
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Dey G, Soliman SS, McCormick CR, Wood CH, Katzbaer RR, Schaak RE. Colloidal Nanoparticles of High Entropy Materials: Capabilities, Challenges, and Opportunities in Synthesis and Characterization. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2024; 4:3-20. [PMID: 38406312 PMCID: PMC10885327 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.3c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Materials referred to as "high entropy" contain a large number of elements randomly distributed on the lattice sites of a crystalline solid, such that a high configurational entropy is presumed to contribute significantly to their formation and stability. High temperatures are typically required to achieve entropy stabilization, which can make it challenging to synthesize colloidal nanoparticles of high entropy materials. Nonetheless, strategies are emerging for the synthesis of colloidal high entropy nanoparticles, which are of interest for their synergistic properties and unique catalytic functions that arise from the large number of constituent elements and their interactions. In this Perspective, we highlight the classes of materials that have been made as colloidal high entropy nanoparticles as well as insights into the synthetic methods and the pathways by which they form. We then discuss the concept of "high entropy" within the context of colloidal materials synthesized at much lower temperatures than are typically required for entropy to drive their formation. Next, we identify and address challenges and opportunities in the field of high entropy nanoparticle synthesis. We emphasize aspects of materials characterization that are especially important to consider for nanoparticles of high entropy materials, including powder X-ray diffraction and elemental mapping with scanning transmission electron microscopy, which are among the most commonly used techniques in laboratory settings. Finally, we share perspectives on emerging opportunities and future directions involving colloidal nanoparticles of high entropy materials, with an emphasis on synthesis, characterization, and fundamental knowledge that is needed for anticipated advances in key application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav
R. Dey
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering,
and Materials Research
Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Samuel S. Soliman
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering,
and Materials Research
Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Connor R. McCormick
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering,
and Materials Research
Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Charles H. Wood
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering,
and Materials Research
Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Rowan R. Katzbaer
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering,
and Materials Research
Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Raymond E. Schaak
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering,
and Materials Research
Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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13
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Zhu S, Liu Y, Gong Y, Sun Y, Chen K, Liu Y, Liu W, Xia T, Zheng Q, Gao H, Guo H, Wang R. Boosting Bifunctional Catalysis by Integrating Active Faceted Intermetallic Nanocrystals and Strained Pt-Ir Functional Shells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305062. [PMID: 37803476 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
PtIr-based nanostructures are fascinating materials for application in bifunctional oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis. However, the fabrication of PtIr nanocatalysts with clear geometric features and structural configurations, which are crucial for enhancing the bifunctionality, remains challenging. Herein, PtCo@PtIr nanoparticles are precisely designed and fabricated with a quasi-octahedral PtCo nanocrystal as a highly atomically ordered core and an ultrathin PtIr atomic layer as a compressively strained shell. Owing to their geometric and core-shell features, the PtCo@PtIr nanoparticles deliver approximately six and eight times higher mass and specific activities, respectively, as an ORR catalyst than a commercial Pt/C catalyst. The half-wave potential of PtCo@PtIr exhibits a negligible decrease by 9 mV after 10 000 cycles, indicating extraordinary ORR durability because of the ordered arrangement of Pt and Co atoms. When evaluated using the ORR-OER dual reaction upon the introduction of Ir, PtCo@PtIr exhibits a small ORR-OER overpotential gap of 679 mV, demonstrating its great potential as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for fabricating fuel cells. The findings pave the way for designing precise intermetallic core-shell nanocrystals as highly functional catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yue Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Weidi Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, ST Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Tianyu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Haizhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Rongming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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14
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Subhash B, Unocic RR, Lie WH, Gallington LC, Wright J, Cheong S, Tilley RD, Bedford NM. Resolving Atomic-Scale Structure and Chemical Coordination in High-Entropy Alloy Electrocatalysts for Structure-Function Relationship Elucidation. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22299-22312. [PMID: 37944052 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent breakthrough in confining five or more atomic species in nanocatalysts, referred to as high-entropy alloy nanocatalysts (HEAs), has revealed the possibilities of multielemental interactions that can surpass the limitations of binary and ternary electrocatalysts. The wide range of potential surface configurations in HEAs, however, presents a significant challenge in resolving active structural motifs, preventing the establishment of structure-function relationships for rational catalyst design and optimization. We present a methodology for creating sub-5 nm HEAs using an aqueous-based peptide-directed route. Using a combination of pair distribution function and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, HEA structure models are constructed from reverse Monte Carlo modeling of experimental data sets and showcase a clear peptide-induced influence on atomic-structure and chemical miscibility. Coordination analysis of our structure models facilitated the construction of structure-function correlations applied to electrochemical methanol oxidation reactions, revealing the complex interplay between multiple metals that leads to improved catalytic properties. Our results showcase a viable strategy for elucidating structure-function relationships in HEAs, prospectively providing a pathway for future materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijil Subhash
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Raymond R Unocic
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - William Hadinata Lie
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Leighanne C Gallington
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Joshua Wright
- Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Soshan Cheong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Bedford
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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15
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Zeng X, Jing Y, Gao S, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Liu H, Liang C, Ji C, Rao Y, Wu J, Wang B, Yao Y, Yang S. Hydrogenated borophene enabled synthesis of multielement intermetallic catalysts. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7414. [PMID: 37973849 PMCID: PMC10654666 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Supported metal catalysts often suffer from rapid degradation under harsh conditions due to material failure and weak metal-support interaction. Here we propose using reductive hydrogenated borophene to in-situ synthesize Pt/B/C catalysts with small sizes (~2.5 nm), high-density dispersion (up to 80 wt%Pt), and promising stability, originating from forming Pt-B bond which are theoretically ~5× stronger than Pt-C. Based on the Pt/B/C module, a series (~18 kinds) of carbon supported binary, ternary, quaternary, and quinary Pt intermetallic compound nanocatalysts with sub-4 nm size are synthesized. Thanks to the stable intermetallics and strong metal-support interaction, annealing at 1000 °C does not cause those nanoparticles sintering. They also show much improved activity and stability in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction. Therefore, by introducing the boron chemistry, the hydrogenated borophene derived multielement catalysts enable the synergy of small size, high loading, stable anchoring, and flexible compositions, thus demonstrating high versatility toward efficient and durable catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Yudan Jing
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
- Shaanxi Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710100, PR China
| | - Saisai Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
- Shaanxi Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710100, PR China
| | - Wencong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
- Hydrogen Science Research Center, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Hanwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Chao Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Chenchen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, PR China
| | - Yi Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
- Hydrogen Science Research Center, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
| | - Yonggang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Shengchun Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
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16
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Hu Y, Xu Z, Guo X, Xiong P, Xu C, Chen C, Zhang Q, Wang S, Wu TS, Soo YL, Li MMJ, Wang D, Zhu Y. Hollow-Carbon Confinement Annealing: A New Synthetic Approach to Make High-Entropy Solid-Solution and Intermetallic Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37963268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles (NPs) have been emerging with superior compositional tunability and multielemental synergy, presenting a unique platform for material discovery and performance optimization. Here we report a synthetic approach utilizing hollow-carbon confinement in the ordinary furnace annealing to achieve the nonequilibrium HEA-NPs such as Pt0.45Fe0.18Co0.12Ni0.15Mn0.10 with uniform size ∼5.9 nm. The facile temperature control allows us not only to reveal the detailed reaction pathway through ex situ characterization but also to tailor the HEA-NP structure from the crystalline solid solution to intermetallic. The preconfinement of metal precursors is the key to ensure the uniform distribution of metal nanoparticles with confined volume, which is essential to prevent the thermodynamically favored phase separation even during the ordinary furnace annealing. Besides, the synthesized HEA-NPs exhibit remarkable activity and stability in oxygen reduction catalysis. The demonstrated synthetic approach may significantly expand the scope of HEA-NPs with uncharted composition and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezhou Hu
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhihang Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xuyun Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Pei Xiong
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tai-Sing Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Liang Soo
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Molly Meng-Jung Li
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Deli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
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17
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Chen C, Guo J, Liu J, Li W, Wei Y, Wang H, Zhao X, Wei L. Quinary RuRhPdPtAu high-entropy alloy as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12863-12866. [PMID: 37815878 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04162j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Quinary RuRhPdPtAu high-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) were prepared for the first time from a deep eutectic solvent by an electrochemical method. Owing to the benefits of high entropy and abundant surface active sites, the RuRhPdPtAu HEA-NPs exhibit outstanding electrocatalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Jiayin Guo
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Jianhong Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Weiwei Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Yongsheng Wei
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Honghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Estuarine Ecological Security and Environmental Health, Fujian Province University, Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College, Zhangzhou 363105, China.
| | - Xinsheng Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Lu Wei
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
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18
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Young HL, Gomez ED, Schaak RE. Thermally Induced Domain Migration and Interfacial Restructuring in Cation Exchanged ZnS-Cu 1.8S Heterostructured Nanorods. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23321-23333. [PMID: 37818621 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Partial cation exchange reactions can be used to rationally design and synthesize heterostructured nanoparticles that are useful targets for applications in photocatalysis, nanophotonics, thermoelectrics, and medicine. Such reactions introduce intraparticle frameworks that define the spatial arrangements of different materials within a heterostructured nanoparticle, as well as the orientations and locations of their interfaces. Here, we show that upon heating to temperatures relevant to their synthesis and applications, the ZnS regions and Cu1.8S/ZnS interfaces of heterostructured ZnS-Cu1.8S nanorods migrate and restructure. We first use partial cation exchange reactions to synthesize a library of seven distinct samples containing various patches, bands, and tips of ZnS embedded within Cu1.8S nanorods. Upon annealing in solution or in air, ex situ TEM analysis shows evidence that the ZnS domains migrate in different ways, depending upon their sizes and locations. Using differential scanning calorimetry, we correlate the threshold temperature for ZnS migration to the superionic transition temperature of Cu1.8S, which facilitates rapid diffusion throughout the nanorods. We then use in situ thermal TEM to study the evolution of individual ZnS-Cu1.8S nanorods upon heating. We find that ZnS domain migration occurs through a ripening process that minimizes small patches with higher-energy interfaces in favor of larger bands and tips having lower-energy interfaces, as well as through restructuring of higher-energy Cu1.8S/ZnS interfaces. Notably, Cu1.8S nanorods containing multiple patches of ZnS thermally transform into ZnS-Cu1.8S heterostructured nanorods having ZnS tips and/or central bands, which provides mechanistic insights into how these commonly observed products form during synthesis.
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19
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Buckingham MA, Skelton JM, Lewis DJ. Synthetic Strategies toward High Entropy Materials: Atoms-to-Lattices for Maximum Disorder. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:6998-7009. [PMID: 37808901 PMCID: PMC10557048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy materials are a nascent class of materials that exploit a high configurational entropy to stabilize multiple elements in a single crystal lattice and to yield unique physical properties for applications in energy storage, catalysis, and thermoelectric energy conversion. Initially, the synthesis of these materials was conducted by approaches requiring high temperatures and long synthetic time scales. However, successful homogeneous mixing of elements at the atomic level within the lattice remains challenging, especially for the synthesis of nanomaterials. The use of atom-up synthetic approaches to build crystal lattices atom by atom, rather than the top-down alteration of extant crystalline lattices, could lead to faster, lower-temperature, and more sustainable approaches to obtaining high entropy materials. In this Perspective, we discuss some of these state-of-the-art atom-up synthetic approaches to high entropy materials and contrast them with more traditional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Buckingham
- Department
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M. Skelton
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - David J. Lewis
- Department
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
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20
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Soliman SS, Dey GR, McCormick CR, Schaak RE. Temporal Evolution of Morphology, Composition, and Structure in the Formation of Colloidal High-Entropy Intermetallic Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16147-16159. [PMID: 37549244 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Morphology-controlled nanoparticles of high entropy intermetallic compounds are quickly becoming high-value targets for catalysis. Their ordered structures with multiple distinct crystallographic sites, coupled with the "cocktail effect" that emerges from randomly mixing a large number of elements, yield catalytic active sites capable of achieving advanced catalytic functions. Despite this growing interest, little is known about the pathways by which high entropy intermetallic nanoparticles form and grow in solution. As a result, controlling their morphology remains challenging. Here, we use the high entropy intermetallic compound (Pd,Rh,Ir,Pt)Sn, which adopts a NiAs-related crystal structure, as a model system for understanding how nanoparticle morphology, composition, and structure evolve during synthesis in solution using a slow-injection reaction. By performing a time-point study, we establish the initial formation of palladium-rich cube-like Pd-Sn seeds onto which the other metals deposit over time, concomitant with continued incorporation of tin. For (Pd,Rh,Ir,Pt)Sn, growth occurs on the corners, resulting in a sample having a mixture of flower-like and cube-like morphologies. We then synthesize and characterize a library of 14 distinct intermetallic nanoparticle systems that comprise all possible binary, ternary, and quaternary constituents of (Pd,Rh,Ir,Pt)Sn. From these studies, we correlated compositions, morphologies, and growth pathways with the constituent elements and their competitive reactivities, ultimately mapping out a framework that rationalizes the key features of the high entropy (Pd,Rh,Ir,Pt)Sn intermetallic nanoparticles based on those of their simpler constituents. We then validated these design guidelines by applying them to the synthesis of a morphologically pure variant of flowerlike (Pd,Rh,Ir,Pt)Sn particles as well as a series of (Pd,Rh,Ir,Pt)Sn particles with tunable morphologies based on control of composition.
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21
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Ni C, O'Connor KM, Trach J, Butler C, Rieger B, Veinot JGC. Facile synthesis of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles on germanane, Ge nanoparticles and wafers. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1217-1225. [PMID: 37401813 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00178d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The unique solid-solution structure and multi-element compositions of high-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA NPs) have garnered substantial attention. Various methods have been developed to prepare a diverse array of HEA NPs using different substrates for support and stabilization. In this study, we present a facile surface-mediated reduction method to prepare HEA NPs (AuAgCuPdPt) decorated germanane (HEA NPs@GeNSs), and employ X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to characterize their structure, composition, and morphology. Subsequently, we demonstrate that the HEA NPs can be liberated from the surfaces of GeNSs as freestanding systems via straightforward exposure to UV light. We also explore germanium nanoparticles (GeNPs) as an alternative substrate for HEA NP formation/production, given their similarity to germanane and their Ge-H surface. Finally, we extend our investigation to bulk Ge wafers and demonstrate successful deposition of HEA NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyi Ni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Kevin M O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Trach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Cole Butler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonathan G C Veinot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
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22
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Li M, Huang C, Yang H, Wang Y, Song X, Cheng T, Jiang J, Lu Y, Liu M, Yuan Q, Ye Z, Hu Z, Huang H. Programmable Synthesis of High-Entropy Nanoalloys for Efficient Ethanol Oxidation Reaction. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37418375 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Controllable synthesis of nanoscale high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with specific morphologies and tunable compositions is crucial for exploring advanced catalysts. The present strategies either have great difficulties to tailor the morphology of nanoscale HEAs or suffer from narrow elemental distributions and insufficient generality. To overcome the limitations of these strategies, here we report a robust template-directed synthesis to programmatically fabricate nanoscale HEAs with controllable compositions and structures via independently controlling the morphology and composition of HEA. As a proof of concept, 12 kinds of nanoscale HEAs with controllable morphologies of zero-dimension (0D) nanoparticles, 1D nanowires, 2D ultrathin nanorings (UNRs), 3D nanodendrites, and vast elemental compositions combining five or more of Pd/Pt/Ag/Cu/Fe/Co/Ni/Pb/Bi/Sn/Sb/Ge are synthesized. Moreover, the as-prepared HEA-PdPtCuPbBiUNRs/C demonstrates the state-of-the-art electrocatalytic performance for the ethanol oxidation reaction, with 25.6- and 16.3-fold improvements in mass activity, relative to commercial Pd/C and Pt/C catalysts, respectively, as well as greatly enhanced durability. This work provides a myriad of nanoscale HEAs and a general synthetic strategy, which are expected to have broad impacts for the fields of catalysis, sensing, biomedicine, and even beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenming Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangcong Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jietao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Lab for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangfan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Maochang Liu
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, National Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Lab for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwen Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
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23
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Googasian JS, Skrabalak SE. Practical Considerations for Simulating the Plasmonic Properties of Metal Nanoparticles. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2023; 3:252-262. [PMID: 37249938 PMCID: PMC10214510 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Simulating the plasmonic properties of colloidally derived metal nanoparticles with accuracy to their experimentally observed measurements is challenging due to the many structural and compositional parameters that influence their scattering and absorption properties. Correlation between single nanoparticle scattering measurements and simulated spectra emphasize these strong structural and compositional relationships, providing insight into the design of plasmonic nanoparticles. This Perspective builds from this history to highlight how the structural features of models used in simulation methods such as those based on the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method and Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) are of critical consideration for correlation with experiment and ultimately prediction of new nanoparticle properties. High-level characterizations such as electron tomography are discussed as ways to advance the accuracy of models used in such simulations, allowing the plasmonic properties of structurally complex nanoparticles to be better understood. However, we also note that the field is far from bringing experiment and simulation into agreement for plasmonic nanoparticles with complex compositions, reflecting analytical challenges that inhibit accurate model generation. Potential directions for addressing these challenges are also presented.
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24
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Abdelhafiz A, Tanvir ANM, Zeng M, Wang B, Ren Z, Harutyunyan AR, Zhang Y, Li J. Pulsed Light Synthesis of High Entropy Nanocatalysts with Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Prolonged Stability for Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300426. [PMID: 37088797 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability to synthesize compositionally complex nanostructures rapidly is a key to high-throughput functional materials discovery. In addition to being time-consuming, a majority of conventional materials synthesis processes closely follow thermodynamics equilibria, which limit the discovery of new classes of metastable phases such as high entropy oxides (HEO). Herein, a photonic flash synthesis of HEO nanoparticles at timescales of milliseconds is demonstrated. By leveraging the abrupt heating and cooling cycles induced by a high-power-density xenon pulsed light, mixed transition metal salt precursors undergo rapid chemical transformations. Hence, nanoparticles form within milliseconds with a strong affinity to bind to the carbon substrate. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity measurements of the synthesized nanoparticles demonstrate two orders of magnitude prolonged stability at high current densities, without noticeable decay in performance, compared to commercial IrO2 catalyst. This superior catalytic activity originates from the synergistic effect of different alloying elements mixed at a high entropic state. It is found that Cr addition influences surface activity the most by promoting higher oxidation states, favoring optimal interaction with OER intermediates. The proposed high-throughput method opens new pathways toward developing next-generation functional materials for various electronics, sensing, and environmental applications, in addition to renewable energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abdelhafiz
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - A N M Tanvir
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Minxiang Zeng
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409, USA
| | - Baoming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zhichu Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Avetik R Harutyunyan
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Honda Research Institute, USA, Inc. , San Jose, CA, 95134, USA
| | - Yanliang Zhang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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25
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Dey GR, McCormick CR, Soliman SS, Darling AJ, Schaak RE. Chemical Insights into the Formation of Colloidal High Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5943-5955. [PMID: 36892599 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of high entropy alloys (HEAs) have distinct properties that result from their high surface-to-volume ratios coupled with synergistic interactions among their five or more constituent elements, which are randomly distributed throughout a crystalline lattice. Methods to synthesize HEA nanoparticles are emerging, including solution approaches that yield colloidal products. However, the complex multielement compositions of HEA nanoparticles make it challenging to identify and understand their reaction chemistry and the pathways by which they form, which hinders their rational synthesis. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis and elucidate the reaction pathways of seven colloidal HEA nanoparticle systems that contain various combinations of noble metals (Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir), 3d transition metals (Ni, Fe, Co), and a p-block element (Sn). The nanoparticles were synthesized by slowly injecting a solution containing all five constituent metal salts into oleylamine and octadecene at 275 °C. Using NiPdPtRhIr as a lead system, we confirmed the homogeneous colocalization of all five elements and achieved tunable compositions by varying their ratios. We also observed heterogeneities, including Pd-rich regions, in a subpopulation of the NiPdPtRhIr sample. Halting the reaction at early time points and characterizing the isolated products revealed a time-dependent composition evolution from Pd-rich NiPd seeds to the final NiPdPtRhIr HEA. Similar reactions applied to FePdPtRhIr, CoPdPtRhIr, NiFePdPtIr, and NiFeCoPdPt, with modified conditions to most efficiently incorporate all five elements into each HEA, also revealed similar Pd-rich seeds with system-dependent differences in the rates and sequences of element uptake into the nanoparticles. When moving to SnPdPtRhIr and NiSnPdPtIr, the time-dependent formation pathway was more consistent with simultaneous coreduction rather than through formation of reactive seeds. These studies reveal important similarities and differences among the pathways by which different colloidal HEA nanoparticles form using the same synthetic method, as well as establish generality. The results provide guidelines for incorporating a range of different elements into HEA nanoparticles, ultimately providing fundamental knowledge about how to define and optimize synthetic protocols, expand into different HEA nanoparticle systems, and achieve high phase purity.
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26
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Wang C, Huang Z, Ding Y, Xie M, Chi M, Xia Y. Facet-Controlled Synthesis of Platinum-Group-Metal Quaternary Alloys: The Case of Nanocubes and {100} Facets. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2553-2560. [PMID: 36576951 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a robust method for the facet-controlled synthesis of nanocrystals with an ultrathin shell made of a nearly equimolar RuRhPdPt quaternary alloy. Our strategy involves the use of well-defined Rh cubic seeds, halide-free precursors, and a method for precisely controlling the reaction kinetics of different precursors. In the setting of dropwise addition, the precursors with different reactivities can be reduced at about the same pace for the generation of an alloy with a uniform and well-controlled composition. The core-shell nanocubes show greatly enhanced activity toward ethanol oxidation when benchmarked against Pd and Pt counterparts. Combining in situ and ex situ electron microscopy studies, we also demonstrate that the core-shell nanocubes possess good thermal and electrochemical stability in terms of both geometrical shape and elemental composition, with their cubic shape and alloy composition retained when annealing at 500 °C or after long-term electrochemical cycling. It is expected that the synthetic approach can be further extended to fabricate multimetallic catalysts with enhanced activities toward a variety of thermal and electrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Zhennan Huang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yong Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Minghao Xie
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Younan Xia
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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27
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Xu H, Jin Z, Zhang Y, Lin X, Xie G, Liu X, Qiu HJ. Designing strategies and enhancing mechanism for multicomponent high-entropy catalysts. Chem Sci 2023; 14:771-790. [PMID: 36755717 PMCID: PMC9890551 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06403k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High-entropy materials (HEMs) are new-fashioned functional materials in the field of catalysis owing to their large designing space, tunable electronic structure, interesting "cocktail effect", and entropy stabilization effect. Many effective strategies have been developed to design advanced catalysts for various important reactions. Herein, we firstly review effective strategies developed so far for optimizing HEM-based catalysts and the underlying mechanism revealed by both theoretical simulations and experimental aspects. In light of this overview, we subsequently present some perspectives about the development of HEM-based catalysts and provide some serviceable guidelines and/or inspiration for further studying multicomponent catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China
| | - Zeyu Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yinghe Zhang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518055China
| | - Xi Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Guoqiang Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xingjun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Hua-Jun Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
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