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Dai H, Zhang C, Hu H, Hu Z, Sun H, Liu K, Li T, Fu J, Zhao P, Yang H. Biomimetic Hydrodynamic Sensor with Whisker Array Architecture and Multidirectional Perception Ability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405276. [PMID: 39119873 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The rapid development of ocean exploration and underwater robot technology has put forward new requirements for underwater sensing methods, which can be used for hydrodynamic characteristics perception, underwater target tracking, and even underwater cluster communication. Here, inspired by the specialized undulated surface structure of the seal whisker and its ability to suppress vortex-induced vibration, a multidirectional hydrodynamic sensor based on biomimetic whisker array structure and magnetic 3D self-decoupling theory is introduced. The magnetic-based sensing method enables wireless connectivity between the magnetic functional structures and electronics, simplifying device design and endowing complete watertightness. The 3D self-decoupling capability enables the sensor, like a seal or other organisms, to perceive arbitrary whisker motions caused by the action of water flow without complex calibration and additional sensing units. The whisker sensor is capable of detecting a variety of hydrodynamic information, including the velocity (RMSE < 0.061 m s-1) and direction of the steady flow field, the frequency (error < 0.05 Hz) of the dynamic vortex wake, and the orientation (error < 7°) of the vortex wake source, demonstrating its extensive potential for underwater environmental perception and communication, especially in deep sea conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangzhe Dai
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chengqian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hao Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhezai Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Haonan Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Kan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tiefeng Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianzhong Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Huayong Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Fan W, Li H, Xing Y, Zhang D. Design and Evaluation of a Rapid Monolithic Manufacturing Technique for a Novel Vision-Based Tactile Sensor: C-Sight. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4603. [PMID: 39066001 PMCID: PMC11281092 DOI: 10.3390/s24144603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Tactile sensing has become indispensable for contact-rich dynamic robotic manipulation tasks. It provides robots with a better understanding of the physical environment, which is a vital supplement to robotic vision perception. Compared with other existing tactile sensors, vision-based tactile sensors (VBTSs) stand out for augmenting the tactile perception capabilities of robotic systems, owing to superior spatial resolution and cost-effectiveness. Despite their advantages, VBTS production faces challenges due to the lack of standardised manufacturing techniques and heavy reliance on manual labour. This limitation impedes scalability and widespread adoption. This paper introduces a rapid monolithic manufacturing technique and evaluates its performance quantitatively. We further develop and assess C-Sight, a novel VBTS sensor manufactured using this technique, focusing on its tactile reconstruction capabilities. Experimental results demonstrate that the monolithic manufacturing technique enhances VBTS production efficiency significantly. Also, the fabricated C-Sight sensor exhibits its reliable tactile perception and reconstruction capabilities, proofing the validity and feasibility of the monolithic manufacturing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Fan
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial-X Initiative, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Haoran Li
- Bristol Robotics Laboratory, School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK;
| | - Yifan Xing
- Visual Information Laboratory, School of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK;
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial-X Initiative, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
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Yang H, Li S, Wu Y, Bao X, Xiang Z, Xie Y, Pan L, Chen J, Liu Y, Li RW. Advances in Flexible Magnetosensitive Materials and Devices for Wearable Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311996. [PMID: 38776537 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Emerging fields, such as wearable electronics, digital healthcare, the Internet of Things, and humanoid robots, highlight the need for flexible devices capable of recording signals on curved surfaces and soft objects. In particular, flexible magnetosensitive devices garner significant attention owing to their ability to combine the advantages of flexible electronics and magnetoelectronic devices, such as reshaping capability, conformability, contactless sensing, and navigation capability. Several key challenges must be addressed to develop well-functional flexible magnetic devices. These include determining how to make magnetic materials flexible and even elastic, understanding how the physical properties of magnetic films change under external strain and stress, and designing and constructing flexible magnetosensitive devices. In recent years, significant progress is made in addressing these challenges. This study aims to provide a timely and comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in flexible magnetosensitive devices. This includes discussions on the fabrications and mechanical regulations of flexible magnetic materials, the principles and performances of flexible magnetic sensors, and their applications for wearable electronics. In addition, future development trends and challenges in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Shengbin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xilai Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ziyin Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yali Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Lili Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinxia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Fu Y, Wang S, Wang D, Tian Y, Ban X, Wang X, Zhao Z, Wan Z, Wei R. Flexible Multimodal Magnetoresistive Sensors Based on Alginate/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Foam with Stimulus Discriminability for Soft Electronics Using Machine Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38598680 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Flexible foam-based sensors have attracted substantial interest due to their high specific surface area, light weight, superior deformability, and ease of manufacture. However, it is still a challenge to integrate multimodal stimuli-responsiveness, high sensitivity, reliable stability, and good biocompatibility into a single foam sensor. To achieve this, a magnetoresistive foam sensor was fabricated by an in situ freezing-polymerization strategy based on the interpenetrating networks of sodium alginate, poly(vinyl alcohol) in conjunction with glycerol, and physical reinforcement of core-shell bidisperse magnetic particles. The assembled sensor exhibited preferable magnetic/strain-sensing capability (GF ≈ 0.41 T-1 for magnetic field, 4.305 for tension, -0.735 for bending, and -1.345 for pressing), quick response time, and reliable durability up to 6000 cycles under external stimuli. Importantly, a machine learning algorithm was developed to identify the encryption information, enabling high recognition accuracies of 99.22% and 99.34%. Moreover, they could be employed as health systems to detect human physiological motion and integrated as smart sensor arrays to perceive external pressure/magnetic field distributions. This work provides a simple and ecofriendly strategy to fabricate biocompatible foam-based multimodal sensors with potential applications in next-generation soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shuangkun Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xinxing Ban
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhenshuai Wan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Superhard Abrasives and Grinding Equipment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ronghan Wei
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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5
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Kwon H, Yang Y, Kim G, Gim D, Ha M. Anisotropy in magnetic materials for sensors and actuators in soft robotic systems. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:6778-6819. [PMID: 38502047 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05737b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The field of soft intelligent robots has rapidly developed, revealing extensive potential of these robots for real-world applications. By mimicking the dexterities of organisms, robots can handle delicate objects, access remote areas, and provide valuable feedback on their interactions with different environments. For autonomous manipulation of soft robots, which exhibit nonlinear behaviors and infinite degrees of freedom in transformation, innovative control systems integrating flexible and highly compliant sensors should be developed. Accordingly, sensor-actuator feedback systems are a key strategy for precisely controlling robotic motions. The introduction of material magnetism into soft robotics offers significant advantages in the remote manipulation of robotic operations, including touch or touchless detection of dynamically changing shapes and positions resulting from the actuations of robots. Notably, the anisotropies in the magnetic nanomaterials facilitate the perception and response with highly selective, directional, and efficient ways used for both sensors and actuators. Accordingly, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the origins of magnetic anisotropy from both intrinsic and extrinsic factors and summarizes diverse magnetic materials with enhanced anisotropy. Recent developments in the design of flexible sensors and soft actuators based on the principle of magnetic anisotropy are outlined, specifically focusing on their applicabilities in soft robotic systems. Finally, this review addresses current challenges in the integration of sensors and actuators into soft robots and offers promising solutions that will enable the advancement of intelligent soft robots capable of efficiently executing complex tasks relevant to our daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeokju Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeonhee Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geonsu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongyeong Gim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minjeong Ha
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JH, Cho K, Kim JK. Age of Flexible Electronics: Emerging Trends in Soft Multifunctional Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310505. [PMID: 38258951 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
With the commercialization of first-generation flexible mobiles and displays in the late 2010s, humanity has stepped into the age of flexible electronics. Inevitably, soft multifunctional sensors, as essential components of next-generation flexible electronics, have attracted tremendous research interest like never before. This review is dedicated to offering an overview of the latest emerging trends in soft multifunctional sensors and their accordant future research and development (R&D) directions for the coming decade. First, key characteristics and the predominant target stimuli for soft multifunctional sensors are highlighted. Second, important selection criteria for soft multifunctional sensors are introduced. Next, emerging materials/structures and trends for soft multifunctional sensors are identified. Specifically, the future R&D directions of these sensors are envisaged based on their emerging trends, namely i) decoupling of multiple stimuli, ii) data processing, iii) skin conformability, and iv) energy sources. Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities for these sensors in future are discussed, offering new insights into prospects in the fast-emerging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jang-Kyo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, P. O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Man J, Jin Z, Chen J. Magnetic Tactile Sensor with Bionic Hair Array for Sliding Sensing and Object Recognition. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306832. [PMID: 38236170 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Due to the high application value in intelligent robots, tactile sensors with large sensing area and multi-dimensional sensing ability have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. Inspired by bionics of hairs on human skin, a flexible tactile sensor based on magnetic cilia array is developed, showing extremely high sensitivity and stability. The upper layers of the sensor are multiple magnetic cilia containing magnetic particles, while the lower layer is a serpentine flexible circuit board with a magnetic sensor array. When magnetic cilia are bent under force, the magnetic sensor array can detect changes in the magnetic field, thereby the magnitude and direction of external force can be obtained. The proposed sensor has a resolution of 0.2 mN with a working range of 0-19.5 mN and can distinguish the direction of external force. The large sensing area and short response time make this sensor suitable for sliding tactile detection, and experiments show that the sensor can be also applied in object recognition with a success accuracy of 97%. In addition to the shape of objects, the sensor can identify whether there is magnetism inside objects, making it of significant value in intelligent robots and modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Man
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Wang J, Chen R, Ji D, Xu W, Zhang W, Zhang C, Zhou W, Luo T. Integrating In-Plane Thermoelectricity and Out-Plane Piezoresistivity for Fully Decoupled Temperature-Pressure Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307800. [PMID: 37948417 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
A flexible sensor that simultaneously senses temperature and pressure is crucial in various fields, such as human-machine interaction, artificial intelligence, and biomedical applications. Previous research has mainly focused on single-function flexible sensors for e-skins or smart devices, and integrated bimodal sensing of temperature and pressure without complex crosstalk decoupling algorithms remains challenging. In this work, a flexible bimodal sensor is proposed that utilizes spatial orthogonality between in-plane thermoelectricity and out-plane piezoresistivity, which enables fully decoupled temperature-pressure sensing. The proposed bimodal sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 281.46 µV K-1 for temperature sensing and 2.181 kPa-1 for pressure sensing. In the bimodal sensing mode, the sensor exhibits negligible mutual interference, providing a measurement error of ± 7% and ± 8% for temperature and pressure, respectively, within a 120 kPa pressure range and a 40 K temperature variation. Additionally, simultaneous spatial mapping of temperature and pressure with a bimodal sensor array enables contact shape identification with enhanced accuracy beyond the limit imposed by the number of sensing units. The proposed integrated bimodal sensing strategy does not require complex crosstalk decoupling algorithms, which represents a significant advancement in flexible sensors for applications that necessitate simultaneous sensing of temperature and pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Wang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
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Dai H, Zhang C, Pan C, Hu H, Ji K, Sun H, Lyu C, Tang D, Li T, Fu J, Zhao P. Split-Type Magnetic Soft Tactile Sensor with 3D Force Decoupling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310145. [PMID: 38016424 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Tactile sensory organs for sensing 3D force, such as human skin and fish lateral lines, are indispensable for organisms. With their sensory properties enhanced by layered structures, typical sensory organs can achieve excellent perception as well as protection under frequent mechanical contact. Here, inspired by these layered structures, a split-type magnetic soft tactile sensor with wireless 3D force sensing and a high accuracy (1.33%) fabricated by developing a centripetal magnetization arrangement and theoretical decoupling model is introduced. The 3D force decoupling capability enables it to achieve a perception close to that of human skin in multiple dimensions without complex calibration. Benefiting from the 3D force decoupling capability and split design with a long effective distance (>20 mm), several sensors are assembled in air and water to achieve delicate robotic operation and water flow-based navigation with an offset <1.03%, illustrating the extensive potential of magnetic tactile sensors in flexible electronics, human-machine interactions, and bionic robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangzhe Dai
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chengqian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chengfeng Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hao Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Kaipeng Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Haonan Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chenxin Lyu
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Daofan Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tiefeng Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianzhong Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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10
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Wang C, Du Y, Zhao Y, He Z, Wang S, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Du Y, Wu J, Jiang Z, Liu M. Solar-Powered Switch of Antiferromagnetism/Ferromagnetism in Flexible Spintronics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3158. [PMID: 38133055 PMCID: PMC10745959 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The flexible electronics have application prospects in many fields, including as wearable devices and in structural detection. Spintronics possess the merits of a fast response and high integration density, opening up possibilities for various applications. However, the integration of miniaturization on flexible substrates is impeded inevitably due to the high Joule heat from high current density (1012 A/m2). In this study, a prototype flexible spintronic with device antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic heterojunctions is proposed. The interlayer coupling strength can be obviously altered by sunlight soaking via direct photo-induced electron doping. With the assistance of a small magnetic field (±125 Oe), the almost 180° flip of magnetization is realized. Furthermore, the magnetoresistance changes (15~29%) of flexible spintronics on fingers receiving light illumination are achieved successfully, exhibiting the wearable application potential. Our findings develop flexible spintronic sensors, expanding the vision for the novel generation of photovoltaic/spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Yujing Du
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.D.); (Z.H.); (Y.J.); (Y.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Yifan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.D.); (Z.H.); (Y.J.); (Y.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Zhexi He
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.D.); (Z.H.); (Y.J.); (Y.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Yuxuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.D.); (Z.H.); (Y.J.); (Y.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Yongjun Du
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.D.); (Z.H.); (Y.J.); (Y.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Jingen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.D.); (Z.H.); (Y.J.); (Y.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (S.W.); (Y.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.D.); (Z.H.); (Y.J.); (Y.D.); (J.W.)
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11
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Guo WT, Tang XG, Tang Z, Sun QJ. Recent Advances in Polymer Composites for Flexible Pressure Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092176. [PMID: 37177322 PMCID: PMC10180924 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure sensors show significant potential applications in health monitoring, bio-sensing, electronic skin, and tactile perception. Consequently, tremendous research interest has been devoted to the development of high-performance pressure sensors. In this paper, recent progress on the polymer composite-based flexible pressure sensor is reviewed. The parameters of pressure sensors, including sensitivity, linear response range, detection limit, response speed, and reliability, are first introduced. Secondly, representative types of pressure sensors and relevant working principles are introduced and discussed. After that, the applications in human physiology monitoring, health monitoring, artificial skin, and self-powered smart system are listed and discussed in detail. Finally, the remaining challenges and outlook of polymer composite-based flexible sensors are summarized at the end of this review paper. This work should have some impact on the development of high-performance flexible pressure sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Guo
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin-Gui Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi-Jun Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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