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Purohit S, Rana R, Tyagi A, Bahuguna A, Oswal P, Anshika, Kumar A. Organosulphur and organoselenium compounds as ligands for catalytic systems in the Sonogashira coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 38873754 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00552j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Sonogashira coupling is a reaction of aryl/vinyl halides with terminal alkynes. It is used for the synthesis of conjugated enynes. Generally, copper (Cu) is required as a mediator for this reaction. It requires a long reaction time, high catalyst loading, or expensive ligands. Recently, homogeneous, heterogeneous, and nanocatalysts have been developed using organosulphur and organoselenium compounds as building blocks. Preformed complexes of metals with organosulphur and organoselenium ligands are used for homogeneous catalysis. Heterogeneous catalytic systems have also been developed using Cu, Pd, and Ni as metals. The nanocatalytic systems (synthesized using such ligands) include copper selenides and stabilized palladium(0) nanospecies. This article aims to cover the developments in the field of the processes and techniques used so far to generate catalytically relevant organic ligands having sulphur or selenium donor sites, the utility of such ligands in the syntheses of homogeneous, heterogeneous, and nanocatalytic systems, and critical analysis of their application in the catalysis of this coupling reaction. The results of catalysis are analyzed in terms of the effects of the S/Se donor, halogen atom of aryl halide, the effect of the presence/absence of electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups or substituents on the aromatic ring of haloarenes/substituted phenylacetylenes, as well as the position (ortho or para) of the substitution. Substrate scope is discussed for all the kinds of catalysis. The supremacy of heterogeneous and nanocatalytic systems indicates promising future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Purohit
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, India.
| | - Ramakshi Rana
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, India.
| | - Anupma Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, India.
| | - Anurag Bahuguna
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, India.
| | - Preeti Oswal
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Anshika
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, India.
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, India.
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2
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Zhang C, Liu Y, Tai Y, Terfort A, Zharnikov M. Location-Selective Work Function Engineering by Self-Assembled Monolayers. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4581-4586. [PMID: 38639537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Control over specific interfaces in devices represents a key challenge for modern organic electronics and photovoltaics. Such control is frequently gained by the use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), which, by selection of a proper anchoring group, are generally discriminative with respect to different materials but are not selective between different areas of the same material. In particular, selective tailoring of the work function may be useful for different functional devices in a circuit. Here we demonstrate an approach for solving this problem, opening a way to function-selective electrostatic engineering of chemically identical areas, such as source and drain electrodes in a specific type of organic transistor and, more importantly, the electrodes in different types of organic devices, such as p- and n-channel transistors, located on the same circuitry board. The approach is based on the ultraviolet-light-promoted exchange reaction of SAMs on gold, a standard electrode material in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Zhang
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yangbiao Liu
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yian Tai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Andreas Terfort
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Zhao D, Li Z, Zhu K, Lu A, Wang Y, Jiang J, Tang C, Shen XC, Ruan C. Highly dispersed amorphous nano-selenium functionalized carbon nanofiber aerogels for high-efficient uptake and immobilization of Hg(II) ions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133162. [PMID: 38086302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the strong Hg-Se interaction, Se-containing materials are promising for the uptake and immobilization of Hg(II) ions; compared with metal selenides or selenized compounds, elemental Se contains the highest ratio of Se. However, it remains a challenge to fully expose all the potential Se binding sites and achieve high utilization efficiency of elemental Se. Through rational design on the structure, dispersity, and size of materials, Se/CNF aerogels composed of abundant well-dispersed and amorphous nano-Se have been prepared and applied for the high-efficient uptake and immobilization of Hg(II) ions. The well-dispersion of nano-Se increases the exposure of Se sites, the amorphous structure benefits the easy cleavage of Se-Se bonds, the 3D porous networks of aerogels permit fast ions transport and easy operation. Benefiting from the combination effect of strong Hg-Se interaction and sufficient exposure of Se-enriched sites, the Se/CNF aerogels demonstrate strong binding ability (Kd = 3.8 ×105 mL·g-1), high capacity (943.4 mg·g-1), and preeminent selectivity (αMHg > 100) towards highly toxic Hg(II) ions. Notably, the utilization efficiency of Se in Se/CNF aerogels is as high as 99.5%. Moreover, the strong Hg-Se interaction and extraordinary stability of HgSe could minimize the environmental impact of the spent Se/CNF adsorbents after its disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaini Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Can Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changping Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Azzam W, Subaihi A, Rohwerder M, Bashir A, Terfort A, Zharnikov M. Odd-even effects in aryl-substituted alkanethiolate SAMs: nonsymmetrical attachment of aryl unit and its impact on the SAM structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7563-7572. [PMID: 38362712 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00311j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Aryl-substituted alkanethiolate (AT) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) exhibit typically so-called odd-even effects, viz. systematic variations in the film structure, packing density, and molecular inclination depending on the parity of the number of the methylene units in the alkyl linker, n. As an exception to this rule, ATs carrying an anthracen-2-yl group (Ant-n) as tail group were reported to have different behavior due the non-symmetric attachment of the anthracene unit to the AT linker, providing additional degree of freedom for the molecular organization and allowing for partial compensation of the odd-even effects. In this context, the structure of SAMs formed by adsorption of anthracene-substituted ATs (Ant-n; n = 1-6) at room temperature on Au(111) substrate was investigated by high-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). Most of these SAMs exhibit a coexistence of two different ordered phases, some of which are common for either n = odd or n = even while other vary over the series, showing a broad variety of different structures. The average packing density of the Ant-n SAMs, derived from the analysis of the STM data, varies by 7.5-10% depending on the parity of n, being, as expected, higher for n = odd. The respective extent of the odd-even effects is noticeably lower than that usually observed for other aryl-substituted monolayers (∼25%), which goes in line with the previous findings and emphasizes the impact of the non-symmetric attachment of the aromatic unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Azzam
- Department of Chemistry, Tafila Technical University, P.O. Box 179, Tafila-66110, Jordan.
| | - Abdu Subaihi
- Department of Chemistry, University College in Al-Qunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, 1109 Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Rohwerder
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Asif Bashir
- Thyssenkrupp Bilstein GmbH, Thyssenkrupp Allee 1, 45143 Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Terfort
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe-University, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Chen N, Li S, Zhao P, Liu R, Xie Y, Lin JL, Nijhuis CA, Xu B, Zhang L, Xu H, Li Y. Extreme long-lifetime self-assembled monolayer for air-stable molecular junctions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh3412. [PMID: 37851815 PMCID: PMC10584343 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh3412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The molecular electronic devices based on self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on metal surfaces demonstrate novel electronic functions for device minimization yet are unable to realize in practical applications, due to their instability against oxidation of the sulfur-metal bond. This paper describes an alternative to the thiolate anchoring group to form stable SAMs on gold by selenides anchoring group. Because of the formation of strong selenium-gold bonds, these stable SAMs allow us to incorporate them in molecular tunnel junctions to yield extremely stable junctions for over 200 days. A detailed structural characterization supported by spectroscopy and first-principles modeling shows that the oxidation process is much slower with the selenium-gold bond than the sulfur-gold bond, and the selenium-gold bond is strong enough to avoid bond breaking even when it is eventually oxidized. This proof of concept demonstrates that the extraordinarily stable SAMs derived from selenides are useful for long-lived molecular electronic devices and can possibly become important in many air-stable applications involving SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering and Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Center for Combustion Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Vehicle and Mobility, and State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering and Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering and Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Liang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering and Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Hybrid Materials for Opto-Electronics Group, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Centre and Centre for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Bingqian Xu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Center for Combustion Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Vehicle and Mobility, and State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huaping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering and Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering and Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Zhao Z, Das S, Zharnikov M. Rational Design of Porous Poly(ethylene glycol) Films as a Matrix for ssDNA Immobilization and Hybridization. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090414. [PMID: 36134960 PMCID: PMC9496007 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) films, fabricated by thermally induced crosslinking of amine- and epoxy-terminated four-arm STAR-PEG precursors, were used as porous and bioinert matrix for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) immobilization and hybridization. The immobilization relied on the reaction between the amine groups in the films and N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS) ester groups of the NHS-ester-decorated ssDNA. Whereas the amount of reactive amine groups in the films with the standard 1:1 composition of the precursors turned out to be too low for efficient immobilization, it could be increased noticeably using an excess (2:1) concentration of the amine-terminated precursor. The respective films retained the bioinertness of the 1:1 prototype and could be successfully decorated with probe ssDNA, resulting in porous, 3D PEG-ssDNA sensing assemblies. These assemblies exhibited high selectivity with respect to the target ssDNA strands, with a hybridization efficiency of 78–89% for the matching sequences and full inertness for non-complementary strands. The respective strategy can be applied to the fabrication of DNA microarrays and DNA sensors. As a suitable transduction technique, requiring no ssDNA labeling and showing high sensitivity in the PEG-ssDNA case, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is suggested.
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7
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Azzam W, Subaihi A, Rohwerder M, Zharnikov M, Bashir A. Polymorphism and Building-Block-Resolved STM Imaging of Self-Assembled Monolayers of 4-Fluorobenzenemethanethiol on Au(111). Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200347. [PMID: 35856831 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 4-fluorobenzenemethanethiol (p-FBMT) on Au(111), prepared by immersion procedure (1 mM ethanolic solution; 60 °C; 18 h), were characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The data suggest the formation of highly ordered monolayer with a commensurate structure, described by the 2 3 × 13 R 13 ∘ unit cell. The STM appearance of this cell occurs, however, in two different forms, with either well-localized individual spots or splitting of these spots in two components. These components are assigned to the tunneling through the entire molecule or sulfur docking group only. The respective spots correspond then to the terminal fluorine atom and sulfur docking group, manifesting, thus, building-block-resolving STM imaging. The accessibility of the docking group for direct tunneling is most likely related to a specific molecular organization for one of the two possible internal structures of the unit cell. The above results represent a showcase for potential of STM for imaging of upright-arranged and densely packed molecular assemblies, such as SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Azzam
- Department of Chemistry, Tafila Technical University, P.O. Box 179, Tafila, 66110, Jordan.,Department of Chemistry, University College in Al-Qunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, 1109, Makkah, Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdu Subaihi
- Department of Chemistry, University College in Al-Qunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, 1109, Makkah, Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Rohwerder
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asif Bashir
- Thyssenkrupp Bilstein GmbH, Herner Str. 299, 44809, Bochum, Germany
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8
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Berdiyorov G, Hamoudi H. Electronic transport properties of a single biphenyl molecule anchored on Au(111)with sulfur, selenium, and tellurium atoms. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:174701. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0076759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium and tellurium have recently been proposed as alternative to sulfur anchoring groups for self-assembly of organic molecules on noble-metal substrates. Here, we conduct quantum transport calculations for a single biphenyl molecule anchored on Au (111) electrodes with thiolate, selenolate and telluride terminal groups taking into account both dispersive interactions and spin-orbit coupling. The numerical results show that the current through the junction decreases with increasing the mass of the chalcogen atom due to nanoscale charge localization as revealed in transmission eigenstates analysis. The effect of spin-orbit coupling becomes more pronounced with increasing the mass of the chalcogen atom. Clear current rectification is obtained when the molecule is asymmetrically connected to the electrodes using different chalcogen atoms. These findings can be useful inexploring transport properties of organic molecules adsorbed on metallic surfaces using alternative to sulfur chalcogen atoms.
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9
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Tian L, Martine E, Yu X, Hu W. Amine-Anchored Aromatic Self-Assembled Monolayer Junction: Structure and Electric Transport Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12223-12233. [PMID: 34606290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We studied the structure and transport properties of aromatic amine self-assembled monolayers (NH2-SAMs) on an Au surface. The oligophenylene and oligoacene amines with variable lengths can form a densely packed and uniform monolayer under proper assembly conditions. Molecular junctions incorporating an eutectic Ga-In (EGaIn) top electrode were used to characterize the charge transport properties of the amine monolayer. The current density J of the junction decreases exponentially with the molecular length (d), as J = J0 exp(-βd), which is a sign of tunneling transport, with indistinguishable values of J0 and β for NH2-SAMs of oligophenylene and oligoacene, indicating a similar molecule-electrode contact and tunneling barrier for two groups of molecules. Compared with the oligophenylene and oligoacene molecules with thiol (SH) as the anchor group, a similar β value (∼0.35 Å-1) of the aromatic NH2-SAM suggests a similar tunneling barrier, while a lower (by 2 orders of magnitude) injection current J0 is attributed to lower electronic coupling Γ of the amine group with the electrode. These observations are further supported by single-level tunneling model fitting. Our study here demonstrates the NH2-SAMs can work as an effective active layer for molecular junctions, and provide key physical parameters for the charge transport, paving the road for their applications in functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Esther Martine
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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10
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Zhang Z, Cao L, Chen X, Thompson D, Qi D, Nijhuis CA. Energy-Level Alignment and Orbital-Selective Femtosecond Charge Transfer Dynamics of Redox-Active Molecules on Au, Ag, and Pt Metal Surfaces. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:18474-18482. [PMID: 34476044 PMCID: PMC8404196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c04655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer (CT) dynamics across metal-molecule interfaces has important implications for performance and function of molecular electronic devices. CT times, on the order of femtoseconds, can be precisely measured using synchrotron-based core-hole clock (CHC) spectroscopy, but little is known about the impact on CT times of the metal work function and the bond dipole created by metals and the anchoring group. To address this, here we measure CT dynamics across self-assembled monolayers bound by thiolate anchoring groups to Ag, Au, and Pt. The molecules have a terminal ferrocene (Fc) group connected by varying numbers of methylene units to a diphenylacetylene (DPA) wire. CT times measured using CHC with resonant photoemission spectroscopy (RPES) show that conjugated DPA wires conduct electricity faster than aliphatic carbon wires of a similar length. Shorter methylene connectors exhibit increased conjugation between Fc and DPA, facilitating CT by providing greater orbital mixing. We find nearly 10-fold increase in the CT time on Pt compared to Ag due to a larger bond dipole generated by partial electron transfer from the metal-sulfur bond to the carbon-sulfur bond, which creates an electrostatic field that impedes CT from the molecules. By fitting the RPES signal, we distinguish electrons coming from the Fe center and from cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rings. The latter shows faster CT rates because of the delocalized Cp orbitals. Our study demonstrates the fine tuning of CT rates across junctions by careful engineering of several parts of the molecule and the molecule-metal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive, 117543, Singapore
| | - Liang Cao
- Anhui
Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions,
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Anhui
Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions,
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Damien Thompson
- Department
of Physics, Bernal Institute, University
of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Dongchen Qi
- Centre
for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive, 117543, Singapore
- Centre
for Advanced 2D Materials, National University
of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Hybrid Materials
for Opto-Electronics Group, Department of Molecules and Materials,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano
Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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11
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Seong S, Kwon S, Han S, Son YJ, Lee G, Yang T, Lee N, Noh J. Steric Effects on the Formation of
Self‐Assembled
Monolayers of Alicyclic Thiol Derivatives on Au(111). B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sicheon Seong
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University, Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 South Korea
| | - Seungwook Kwon
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University, Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 South Korea
| | - Seulki Han
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University, Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 South Korea
| | - Young Ji Son
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University, Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 South Korea
| | - Gaeun Lee
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University, Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 South Korea
| | - Taeho Yang
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University, Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 South Korea
| | - Nam‐Suk Lee
- National Institute for Nanomaterials Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 South Korea
| | - Jaegeun Noh
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University, Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 South Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology Hanyang University, Seongdong‐gu Seoul 04763 South Korea
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12
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Grimm OC, Somaratne RMDS, Wang Y, Kim S, Whitten JE. Thiol adsorption on metal oxide nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8309-8317. [PMID: 33875995 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00506e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of 2-naphthalenethiol (2-NPT) and methanethiol (MT) on 13 different metal oxide nanoparticles, of approximately 30 nm average primary particle size, has been investigated. In the case of 2-NPT, which is fluorescent, a screening method to assess adsorption was developed that consists of mixing the nanoparticles with a dilute ethanolic solution of 2-NPT and performing several cycles of centrifuging and rinsing with ethanol. Fluorescence measurements on the re-dispersed particle suspensions were then used to diagnose whether or not adsorption had occurred. Complementary experiments were performed by mounting powder samples of each of the metal oxide nanoparticles onto sample stubs and performing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) before and after in situ dosing with MT. In both cases, adsorption was observed only on ZnO, TiO2, and In2O3. Adsorption did not occur on Al2O3, CeO2, Fe2O3, Gd2O3, Ho2O3, NiO, SiOx, WO3, Y2O3, and ZrO2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed using small metal oxide clusters, assuming that dissociative adsorption occurs by replacement of a hydroxyl group attached to a metal site and the formation of water. The theoretical and experimental results generally agree, suggesting that this is indeed the adsorption mechanism for most of the nanoparticles. The agreement also suggests that the size and geometry of the nanoclusters play a minor role and that the relative strengths of the metal-sulfur and metal-hydroxyl bonds dictate thiol adsorption. This work has important implications related to the functionalization of metal oxide nanoparticles and surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen C Grimm
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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13
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Ahmad SN, Zaharim WN, Sulaiman S, Hasan Baseri DF, Mohd Rosli NA, Ang LS, Yahaya NZ, Watanabe I. Density Functional Theory Studies of the Electronic Structure and Muon Hyperfine Interaction in [Au 25(SR) 18] 0 and [Au 25(SeR) 18] 0 Nanoclusters. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:33253-33261. [PMID: 33403287 PMCID: PMC7774246 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory computational investigation was performed to study the electronic structures, muon sites, and the associated hyperfine interactions in [Au25(SR)18]0 and [Au25(SeR)18]0 where R is phenylethane. The calculated electronic structures show inhomogeneous spin density distribution and are also affected by different ligands. The two most stable muon sites near Au atoms in the thiolated system are MAu11 and MAu6. When the thiolate ligands were replaced by selenolate ligands, the lowest energy positions of muons moved to MAu6 and MAu5. Muons prefer to stop inside the Au12 icosahedral shell, away from the central Au and the staple motifs region. Muonium states at phenyl ring and S/Se atoms in the ligand were found to be stable and the Fermi contact fields are much larger as compared to the field experienced by muons near Au atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti N. Ahmad
- Computational
Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Wan N. Zaharim
- Computational
Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN
Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advance Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau
Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Shukri Sulaiman
- Computational
Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN
Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advance Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau
Pinang 11800, Malaysia
- Physics
Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti
Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Dang F. Hasan Baseri
- Computational
Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Nur A. Mohd Rosli
- Computational
Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Lee S. Ang
- Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi
MARA, Perlis Branch,
Arau Campus, Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia
| | - Nor Z. Yahaya
- Physics
Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti
Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Isao Watanabe
- Meson
Science Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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14
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Zharnikov M. Femtosecond Charge Transfer Dynamics in Monomolecular Films in the Context of Molecular Electronics. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2975-2984. [PMID: 33232123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A key issue of molecular electronics (ME) is the correlation between the molecular structure and the charge transport properties of the molecular framework. Accordingly, a variety of model and potentially useful molecular systems are designed, to prove a particular function or correlation or to build a prototype device. These studies usually involve the measurements of the static electric conductance properties of individual molecules and their assembles on solid supports. At the same time, information about the dynamics of the charge transport (CT) and transfer in such systems, complementary in the context of ME and of a scientific value on its own, is quite scarce. Among other means, this drawback can be resolved by resonant Auger electron spectroscopy (RAES) in combination with core hole clock (CHC) approach, as described in this Account. The RAES-CHC scheme was applied to a variety of aliphatic and aromatic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), adsorbed on Au(111) over the thiolate and selenolate docking groups. Electron transfer (ET) from a suitable terminal tail group to the substrate, across the molecular framework, was monitored, triggered by resonant excitation of this group (nitrile in most cases) by narrow-band X-ray radiation. This resulted in the quantitative data for the characteristic ET time, τET, in the femtosecond domain, with the time window ranging from ∼1 fs to ∼120 fs. The derived τET exhibit an exponential dependence on the molecular length, mimicking the behavior of the static conductance and suggesting a common physical basis behind the static CT and ET dynamics. The dynamic decay factors, βET, for the alkyl, oligophenyl, and acene molecular "wires" correlate well with the analogous parameters for the static CT. Both τET and βET values exhibit a distinct dependence on the character of the involved molecular orbital (MO), demonstrating that the efficiency and rate of the CT in molecular assemblies can be controlled by resonant injection of the charge carriers into specific MOs. This dependence as well as a lack of correlation between the molecular tilt and τET represent strong arguments in favor of the generally accepted model of CT across the molecular framework ("through-bond") in contrast to "through-space" tunneling. Comparison of the SAMs with thiolate and selenolate docking groups suggests that the use of selenolate instead of thiolate does not give any gain in terms of ET dynamics or molecular conductance. Whereas a certain difference in the efficiency of the electronic coupling of thiolate and selenolate to the substrate cannot be completely excluded, this difference is certainly too small to affect the performance of the entire molecule to a noticeable extent. The efficient electronic coupling of the thiolate docking group to the substrate was verified and the decoupling of the electronic subsystems of the substrate and π-conjugated segment by introduction of methylene group into the backbone was demonstrated. No correlation between the molecular dipole or fluorine substitution pattern (at the side positions) and the ET efficiency was recorded. Several representative examples for the resonantly addressable tail groups are given, and perspectives for future research in the context of ET dynamics in molecular assemblies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Han M, Seong S, Han S, Lee N, Noh J. Molecular
Self‐Assembly
of Phenylselenyl Chloride on a Au(111) Surface. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung‐Soo Han
- Department of Convergence Nanoscience Hanyang University Seongdong‐gu, Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Sicheon Seong
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University Seongdong‐gu, Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Seulki Han
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University Seongdong‐gu, Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Nam‐Suk Lee
- National Institute for Nanomaterials Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Jaegeun Noh
- Department of Chemistry Hanyang University Seongdong‐gu, Seoul 04763 Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology Hanyang University Seongdong‐gu, Seoul 04763 Korea
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16
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Werner P, Wächter T, Asyuda A, Wiesner A, Kind M, Bolte M, Weinhardt L, Terfort A, Zharnikov M. Electron Transfer Dynamics and Structural Effects in Benzonitrile Monolayers with Tuned Dipole Moments by Differently Positioned Fluorine Atoms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39859-39869. [PMID: 32805830 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To understand the influence of the molecular dipole moment on the electron transfer (ET) dynamics across the molecular framework, two series of differently fluorinated, benzonitrile-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) bound to Au(111) by either thiolate or selenolate anchoring groups were investigated. Within each series, the molecular structures were the same with the exception of the positions of two fluorine atoms affecting the dipole moment of the SAM-forming molecules. The SAMs exhibited a homogeneous anchoring to the substrate, nearly upright molecular orientations, and the outer interface comprised of the terminal nitrile groups. The ET dynamics was studied by resonant Auger electron spectroscopy in the framework of the core-hole clock method. Resonance excitation of the nitrile group unequivocally ensured an ET pathway from the tail group to the substrate. As only one of the π* orbitals of this group is hybridized with the π* system of the adjacent phenyl ring, two different ET times could be determined depending on the primary excited orbital being either localized at the nitrile group or delocalized over the entire benzonitrile moiety. The latter pathway turned out to be much more efficient, with the characteristic ET times being a factor 2.5-3 shorter than those for the localized orbital. The dynamic ET properties of the analogous thiolate- and selenolate-based adsorbates were found to be nearly identical. Finally and most importantly, these properties were found to be unaffected by the different patterns of the fluorine substitution used in the present study, thus showing no influence of the molecular dipole moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Werner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Wächter
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andika Asyuda
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Wiesner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Kind
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lothar Weinhardt
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-v.-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18/20, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, United States
| | - Andreas Terfort
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Miranda-Rojas S, Mendizabal F. Exploration of the Interaction Strength at the Interface of Anionic Chalcogen Anchors and Gold (111)-Based Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:nano10061237. [PMID: 32630576 PMCID: PMC7353086 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of sulfur-based ligands to modify gold-based materials has become a common trend. Here, we present a theoretical exploration of the modulation of the chalcogenides-gold interaction strength, using sulfur, selenium, and tellurium as anchor atoms. To characterize the chalcogenide-gold interaction, we designed a nanocluster of 42 gold atoms (Au42) to model a gold surface (111) and a series of 60 functionalized phenyl-chalcogenolate ligands to determine the ability of electron-donor and -withdrawing groups to modulate the interaction. The analysis of the interaction was performed by using energy decomposition analysis (EDA), non-covalent interactions index (NCI), and natural population analysis (NPA) to describe the charge transfer processes and to determine data correlation analyses. The results revealed that the magnitudes of the interaction energies increase following the order S < Se < Te, where this interaction strength can be augmented by electron-donor groups, under the donor-acceptor character the chalcogen-gold interaction. We also found that the functionalization in meta position leads to better control of the interaction strength than the ortho substitution due to the steric and inductive effects involved when functionalized in this position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Miranda-Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 275, Santiago PO 8370146, Chile
| | - Fernando Mendizabal
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago PO 7800003, Chile
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18
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Krzykawska A, Wróbel M, Kozieł K, Cyganik P. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes for the Self-Assembly of Thin and Highly Insulating Monolayers with High Quality and Stability. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6043-6057. [PMID: 32343123 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As an organic nanostructure, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) play a central role in many aspects of nanotechnology, including molecular electronics. In this work, we show that SAMs based on N-heterocyclic carbenes on a Au(111) substrate offer a high level of crystallinity and also exhibit the highest possible packing density. As a result of this structural optimization, defect concentrations were reduced by 2-3 orders of magnitude and thermal stability was ∼100 K higher than those of any other SAMs on Au. The conductivity of these SAMs is ∼4 orders of magnitude lower than that of standard alkanethiols of comparable length, which together with very low defect concentration and high thermal stability makes them a highly interesting material for potential application in organic thin film transistors. The self-assembly of such dense, highly crystalline, and notably stable structures is associated with strong C-Au bonding and the rational design of assembled molecules, resulting in the high mobility of both adsorbate and substrate atoms, as confirmed by the size of the molecular domains and the adsorbate-driven modification of the Au(111) substrate, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krzykawska
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wróbel
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kozieł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Cyganik
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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19
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Zhan R, Guo W, Gao X, Liu X, Xu K, Tang B. Reconstruction of nano-flares based on Au–Se bonds for high-fidelity detection of RNA in living cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5178-5181. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01213k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have, for the first time, developed a Au–Se–DNA nanoprobe by upgrading the conventional Au–S bonds of nano-flares to more stable Au–Se bonds for high-fidelity imaging of target RNAs in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhui Zhan
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Wenfei Guo
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Xiaonan Gao
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Kehua Xu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
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20
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Kang X, Zhu M. Metal Nanoclusters Stabilized by Selenol Ligands. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902703. [PMID: 31482648 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed great advances in controllable synthesis, structure determination, and property investigation of metal nanoclusters. Selenolated nanoclusters, a special branch in the nanocluster family, have attracted great interest in these years. The electronegativity and atomic radius of selenium is different from sulfur, and thus the selenolated nanoclusters are anticipated to display different electronic/geometric structures and distinct chemical/physical properties relative to their thiolated analogues. This review covers the syntheses, structures, and properties of selenolated nanoclusters (including Au, Ag, Cu, and alloy nanoclusters). Ligand effects (between SeR and SR) on nanocluster properties, including optical absorption, stability, and electrochemical properties, are disclosed as well. At the end of the review, a scope for improvements and future perspectives of selenolated nanoclusters is highlighted. The review hopefully opens up new horizons for cluster scientists to synthesize more selenolated nanoclusters with novel structures and properties. This review is based on publications available up to May 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
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21
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Krishnadas KR, Natarajan G, Baksi A, Ghosh A, Khatun E, Pradeep T. Metal-Ligand Interface in the Chemical Reactions of Ligand-Protected Noble Metal Clusters. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:11243-11254. [PMID: 30521344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the role of the metal-ligand (M-L) interfaces in the chemistry of ligand-protected, atomically precise noble metal clusters, a new and expanding family of nanosystems, in solution as well as in the gas phase. A few possible mechanisms by which the structure and dynamics of M-L interfaces could trigger intercluster exchange reactions are presented first. How interparticle chemistry can be a potential mechanism of Ostwald ripening, a well-known particle coarsening process, is also discussed. The reaction of Ag59(2,5-DCBT)32 (DCBT = dichlorobenzenethiol) with 2,4-DCBT leading to the formation of Ag44(2,4-DCBT)30 is presented, demonstrating the influence of the ligand structure in ligand-induced chemical transformations of clusters. We also discuss the structural isomerism of clusters such as Ag44(SR)30 (-SR = alkyl/aryl thiolate) in the gas phase wherein the occurrence of isomerism is attributed to the structural rearrangements in the M-L bonding network. Interfacial bonding between Au25(SR)18 clusters leading to the formation of cluster dimers and trimers is also discussed. Finally, we show that the desorption of phosphine and hydride ligands on a silver cluster, [Ag18(TPP)10H16]2+ (TPP = triphenylphosphine) in the gas phase, leads to the formation of a naked silver cluster of precise nuclearity, such as Ag17+. We demonstrate that the nature of the M-L interfaces, i.e., the oxidation state of metal atoms, structure of the ligand, M-L bonding network, and so forth, plays a key role in the chemical reactivity of clusters. The structure, dynamics, and chemical reactivity of nanosystems in general are to be explored together to obtain new insights into their emerging science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaranchira Ramankutty Krishnadas
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036 , India
| | - Ganapati Natarajan
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036 , India
| | - Ananya Baksi
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036 , India
| | - Atanu Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036 , India
| | - Esma Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036 , India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry, DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE) , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036 , India
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22
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Wróbel M, Ossowski J, Krawiec M, Kozieł K, Dąbczyński P, Cyganik P. Oscillation in the stability of consecutive chemical bonds at the molecule-metal interface - the case of ionic bonding. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13411-13414. [PMID: 31210208 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02061f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion-induced desorption was successfully applied for the analysis of the stability of chemical bonds at the molecule-metal interface in the case of ionic bonding. The obtained experimental data combined with the results of the DFT calculations reveal the effect of positional oscillations in the stability of consecutive chemical bonds, which has general character in chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Wróbel
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jakub Ossowski
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Krawiec
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kozieł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Dąbczyński
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Piotr Cyganik
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland.
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23
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Rechmann J, Krzywiecki M, Erbe A. Carbon-Sulfur Bond Cleavage During Adsorption of Octadecane Thiol to Copper in Ethanol. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6888-6897. [PMID: 31050896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the solvent on the formation of thiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on oxide-covered, reactive metals is more involved than in the well-studied gold-thiol system. In this work, copper covered with a native oxide was modified with 1-octadecanethiol (ODT) in either tetrahydrofuran or ethanol. Infrared spectroscopy indicated the formation of crystalline chain packing of alkyl chains from both solvents. Surface coverage was approximately equal in both systems, with differences in tilt angles of the chains. A detailed analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the formation of Cu2S and copper-bound carbon when the adsorption was carried out in ethanol. This observation can be explained by the cleavage of the C-S bond in ODT during adsorption. Based on the analogy of preparations, we reason that the solvation of ODT in ethanol must be such that it weakens the C-S bond in ODT, thus enabling the cleavage of this bond. Based on the evidence presented here, it is not possible to distinguish between surface solvation and bulk solvation. Electrochemical linear sweep voltammetry shows that SAMs from both solvents have an enhancing protective effect compared to the native oxide layer. The results from this work show interesting possibilities for the preparation of adsorbed monolayers with chemical interaction to reactive metals, with some similarities to carbene-based SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Rechmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH , Max-Planck-Str. 1 , 40237 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Maciej Krzywiecki
- Institute of Physics-CSE , Silesian University of Technology , Konarskiego 22B , 44-100 Gliwice , Poland
| | - Andreas Erbe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH , Max-Planck-Str. 1 , 40237 Düsseldorf , Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , 7491 Trondheim , Norway
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24
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Xiang W, Li Z, Xu C, Li J, Zhang W, Xu H. Quantifying the Bonding Strength of Gold‐Chalcogen Bonds in Block Copolymer Systems. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1481-1486. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentian Xiang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular EngineeringDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhandong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
| | - Cong‐Qiao Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular EngineeringDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular EngineeringDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Wenke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin University 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China
| | - Huaping Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular EngineeringDepartment of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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25
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Fernandes J, Hu X, Ryan Smith M, Go YM, Jones DP. Selenium at the redox interface of the genome, metabolome and exposome. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 127:215-227. [PMID: 29883789 PMCID: PMC6168380 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a redox-active environmental mineral that is converted to only a small number of metabolites and required for a relatively small number of mammalian enzymes. Despite this, dietary and environmental Se has extensive impact on every layer of omics space. This highlights a need for global network response structures to provide reference for targeted, hypothesis-driven Se research. In this review, we survey the Se research literature from the perspective of the responsive physical and chemical barrier between an organism (functional genome) and its environment (exposome), which we have previously termed the redox interface. Recent advances in metabolomics allow molecular phenotyping of the integrated genome-metabolome-exposome structure. Use of metabolomics with transcriptomics to map functional network responses to supplemental Se in mice revealed complex network responses linked to dyslipidemia and weight gain. Central metabolic hubs in the network structure in liver were not directly linked to transcripts for selenoproteins but were, instead, linked to transcripts for glucose transport and fatty acid β-oxidation. The experimental results confirm the survey of research literature in showing that Se interacts with the functional genome through a complex network response structure. The results imply that systematic application of data-driven integrated omics methods to models with controlled Se exposure could disentangle health benefits and risks from Se exposures and also serve more broadly as an experimental paradigm for exposome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolyn Fernandes
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - M Ryan Smith
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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26
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Trang B, Yeung M, Popple DC, Schriber EA, Brady MA, Kuykendall TR, Hohman JN. Tarnishing Silver Metal into Mithrene. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13892-13903. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Trang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew Yeung
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Derek C. Popple
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Elyse A. Schriber
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael A. Brady
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tevye R. Kuykendall
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - J. Nathan Hohman
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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27
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Sprague-Klein EA, Negru B, Madison LR, Coste SC, Rugg BK, Felts AM, McAnally MO, Banik M, Apkarian VA, Wasielewski MR, Ratner MA, Seideman T, Schatz GC, Van Duyne RP. Photoinduced Plasmon-Driven Chemistry in trans-1,2-Bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene Gold Nanosphere Oligomers. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10583-10592. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alanna M. Felts
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | | | - Mayukh Banik
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Vartkess A. Apkarian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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28
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Prucker V, Bockstedte M, Thoss M, Coto PB. Dynamical simulation of electron transfer processes in self-assembled monolayers at metal surfaces using a density matrix approach. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:124705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Prucker
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Bockstedte
- Department Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Universität Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Thoss
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - P. B. Coto
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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29
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Krzykawska A, Ossowski J, Żaba T, Cyganik P. Binding groups for highly ordered SAM formation: carboxylic versus thiol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:5748-5751. [PMID: 28492691 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01939d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The structure of analogous SAMs chemisorbed on an Ag substrate via a -SH or -COOH binding group is reported. Our observations indicate that COOH binding groups can be considered as a promising alternative for the current standard based on the sulfur binding groups, particularly when 2D ordering, SAM fabrication time and stability under ambient conditions are of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krzykawska
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland.
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30
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Besharat Z, Ghadami Yazdi M, Wakeham D, Johnson M, Rutland MW, Göthelid M, Grönbeck H. Se-C Cleavage of Hexane Selenol at Steps on Au(111). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2630-2636. [PMID: 29405715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenols are considered as an alternative to thiols in self-assembled monolayers, but the Se-C bond is one limiting factor for their usefulness. In this study, we address the stability of the Se-C bond by a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of gas-phase-deposited hexane selenol (CH3(CH2)5SeH) on Au(111) using photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory (DFT). Experimentally, we find that initial adsorption leaves atomic Se on the surface without any carbon left on the surface, whereas further adsorption generates a saturated selenolate layer. The Se 3d component from atomic Se appears at 0.85 eV lower binding energy than the selenolate-related component. DFT calculations show that the most stable structure of selenols on Au(111) is in the form of RSe-Au-SeR complexes adsorbed on the unreconstructed Au(111) surface. This is similar to thiols on Au(111). Calculated Se 3d core-level shifts between elemental Se and selenolate in this structure nicely reproduce the experimentally recorded shifts. Dissociation of RSeH and subsequent formation of RH are found to proceed with high barriers on defect-free Au(111) terraces, with the highest barrier for scissoring R-Se. However, at steps, these barriers are considerably lower, allowing for Se-C bond breaking and hexane desorption, leaving elemental Se at the surface. Hexane is formed by replacing the Se-C bond with a H-C bond by using the hydrogen liberated from the selenol to selenolate transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Besharat
- Material Physics, MNF, SCI, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm SE-164 40, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Milad Ghadami Yazdi
- Material Physics, MNF, SCI, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm SE-164 40, Sweden
| | - Deborah Wakeham
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Magnus Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Mark W Rutland
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
- Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden , Box 5607, Stockholm SE-114 86, Sweden
| | - Mats Göthelid
- Material Physics, MNF, SCI, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm SE-164 40, Sweden
| | - Henrik Grönbeck
- Department of Physics and Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology , Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
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31
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Schneider S, Füser M, Bolte M, Terfort A. Self-assembled monolayers of aromatic pyrrole derivatives: Electropolymerization and electrocopolymerization with pyrrole. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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32
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Higaki T, Liu C, Zhou M, Luo TY, Rosi NL, Jin R. Tailoring the Structure of 58-Electron Gold Nanoclusters: Au103S2(S-Nap)41 and Its Implications. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9994-10001. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Higaki
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chong Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tian-Yi Luo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Nathaniel L. Rosi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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33
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Abreu DS, Sousa TP, Castro CB, Sousa MN, Silva TT, Almeida-Neto FW, Queiros MV, Rodrigues BS, Oliveira MC, Paulo TF, Cavada BS, Nascimento KS, Temperini ML, Diógenes IC. SAM of Gliotoxin on Gold: A Natural Product Platform for Sugar Recognition based on the Immobilization of Canavalia brasiliensis lectin (ConBr). Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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34
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Qiao L, Swihart MT. Solution-phase synthesis of transition metal oxide nanocrystals: Morphologies, formulae, and mechanisms. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 244:199-266. [PMID: 27246718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we provide a broad overview of solution-phase synthesis of transition metal oxide nanocrystals (NCs), including a substantial catalog of published methods, and a unifying classification and discussion. Prevalent subcategories of solution-phase synthesis are delineated and general features are summarized. The diverse morphologies achievable by solution-phase synthesis are defined and exemplified. This is followed by sequential consideration of the solution-phase synthesis of first-row transition metal oxides. The common oxides of Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn are introduced; major crystal lattices are presented and illustrated; representative examples are explained; and numerous synthesis formulae are tabulated. Following this presentation of experimental studies, we present an introduction to theories of NC nucleation and growth. Various models of NC nucleation and growth are addressed, and important concepts determining the growth and structure of colloidal NCs are explained. Overall, this review provides an entry into systematic understanding of solution-phase synthesis of nanocrystals, with a reasonably comprehensive survey of results for the important category of transition metal oxide NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qiao
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Mark T Swihart
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA.
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35
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Liu J, Kind M, Schüpbach B, Käfer D, Winkler S, Zhang W, Terfort A, Wöll C. Triptycene-terminated thiolate and selenolate monolayers on Au(111). BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:892-905. [PMID: 28503400 PMCID: PMC5405688 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To study the implications of highly space-demanding organic moieties on the properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), triptycyl thiolates and selenolates with and without methylene spacers on Au(111) surfaces were comprehensively studied using ultra-high vacuum infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and thermal desorption spectroscopy. Due to packing effects, the molecules in all monolayers are substantially tilted. In the presence of a methylene spacer the tilt is slightly less pronounced. The selenolate monolayers exhibit smaller defect densities and therefore are more densely packed than their thiolate analogues. The Se-Au binding energy in the investigated SAMs was found to be higher than the S-Au binding energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxuan Liu
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Martin Kind
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Björn Schüpbach
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Käfer
- Physikalische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefanie Winkler
- Physikalische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Andreas Terfort
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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36
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Guttentag AI, Barr KK, Song TB, Bui KV, Fauman JN, Torres LF, Kes DD, Ciomaga A, Gilles J, Sullivan NF, Yang Y, Allara DL, Zharnikov M, Weiss PS. Hexagons to Ribbons: Flipping Cyanide on Au{111}. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15580-15586. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I. Guttentag
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kristopher K. Barr
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tze-Bin Song
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kevin V. Bui
- Department
of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jacob N. Fauman
- Department
of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Leticia F. Torres
- Department
of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Mathematics, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94117, United States
| | - David D. Kes
- Department
of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Adina Ciomaga
- Department
of Mathematics, Laboratoire Jacques Louis Lions, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Rue Thomas Mann, Paris 75013, France
| | - Jérôme Gilles
- Department
of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Nichole F. Sullivan
- Department
of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David L. Allara
- Department
of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied
Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
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37
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Partes C, Yildirim C, Schuster S, Kind M, Bats JW, Zharnikov M, Terfort A. Self-Assembled Monolayers of Pseudo-C 2v-Symmetric, Low-Band-Gap Areneoxazolethiolates on Gold Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:11474-11484. [PMID: 27728975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of three homologous arene[2,3-d]-oxazole-2-thiols (benzoxazole-2-thiol (BOxSH), naphthaleneoxazole-2-thiol (NOxSH), and anthraceneoxazole-2-thiol (AOxSH)) were deposited onto Au(111) to obtain surfaces suitable as injection layers for organic electronics. The guiding idea was that the increasingly extended conjugated system would lower the band gap of the films while the introduction of the annulated heteroaromatic ring would provide the opportunity for pseudosymmetric attachment of the sulfur anchor, what should lower the conformational freedom of the system. In fact, the annulation of the oxazole ring lowers the optical band gaps of the parent compounds to 3.1-4.0 eV, depending on the number of benzene rings. To characterize the respective monolayers, a variety of spectroscopic techniques such as ellipsometry, infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy have been utilized. The monolayers of BOxS exhibit a lower film quality than those of NOxS and AOxS, with enhanced molecular density and more upright molecular orientation with increasing molecular length. Infrared spectroscopy suggests that the nitrogen atoms of the oxazole rings are located more closely to the Au(111) surface than the oxygen atoms, although no hints for an electronic interaction between the N atoms and the gold surface could be found. This preferred orientation could be tentatively traced to packing effects, solving a conundrum of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Partes
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Frankfurt University , Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Can Yildirim
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Swen Schuster
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Kind
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Frankfurt University , Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan W Bats
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Frankfurt University , Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Terfort
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Frankfurt University , Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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38
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Andrews AM, Liao WS, Weiss PS. Double-Sided Opportunities Using Chemical Lift-Off Lithography. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1449-57. [PMID: 27064348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the origins, motivation, invention, development, applications, and future of chemical lift-off lithography, in which a specified pattern of a self-assembled monolayer is removed, i.e., lifted off, using a reactive, patterned stamp that is brought into contact with the monolayer. For Au substrates, this process produces a supported, patterned monolayer of Au on the stamp in addition to the negative pattern in the original molecular monolayer. Both the patterned molecular monolayer on the original substrate and the patterned supported metal monolayer on the stamp are useful as materials and for further applications in sensing and other areas. Chemical lift-off lithography effectively lowers the barriers to and costs of high-resolution, large-area nanopatterning. On the patterned monolayer side, features in the single-nanometer range can be produced across large (square millimeter or larger) areas. Patterns smaller than the original stamp feature sizes can be produced by controlling the degree of contact between the stamp and the lifted-off monolayer. We note that this process is different than conventional lift-off processes in lithography in that chemical lift-off lithography removes material, whereas conventional lift-off is a positive-tone patterning method. Chemical lift-off lithography is in some ways similar to microtransfer printing. Chemical lift-off lithography has critical advantages in the preparation of biocapture surfaces because the molecules left behind are exploited to space and to orient functional(ized) molecules. On the supported metal monolayer side, a new two-dimensional material has been produced. The useful important chemical properties of Au (vis-à-vis functionalization with thiols) are retained, but the electronic and optical properties of bulk Au or even Au nanoparticles are not. These metal monolayers do not quench excitation and may be useful in optical measurements, particularly in combination with selective binding due to attached molecular recognition elements. In contrast to materials such as graphene that have bonding confined to two dimensions, these metal monolayers can be straightforwardly patterned-by patterning the stamp, the initial monolayer, or the initial substrate. Well-developed thiol-Au and related chemistries can be used on the supported monolayers. As there is little quenching and photoabsorption, spectroscopic imaging methods can be used on these functionalized materials. We anticipate that the properties of the metal monolayers can be tuned by varying the chemical, physical, and electronic connections made by and to the supporting molecular layers. That is, the amount of charge in the layer can be determined by controlling the density of S-Au (or other) connections and the molecular backbone and functionality, which determine the strength with which the chemical contact withdraws charge from the metal. This process should work for other coinage-metal substrates and additional systems where the binding of the outermost layers to the substrate is weaker than the molecule-substrate attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Andrews
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, and Semel Institute
for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wei-Ssu Liao
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
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39
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Zhang Z, Wächter T, Kind M, Schuster S, Bats JW, Nefedov A, Zharnikov M, Terfort A. Self-Assembled Monolayers of Perfluoroanthracenylaminoalkane Thiolates on Gold as Potential Electron Injection Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:7308-7319. [PMID: 26926185 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As a material with relatively small band gap and low lying valence orbitals, perfluoroanthracene (PFA) is of interest for the modification of electrode surfaces, for example, as charge injection layers for n-type organic semiconductors. To covalently attach PFA in the form of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), we developed a synthesis of derivatives with a sulfur termination, linked to the 2-position of the PFA moieties by an -NH- group and a short alkane chain with two and three methylene groups, respectively. Spectroscopic characterization of the SAMs reveals that the molecules adopt an almost upright orientation on the gold surface, with the packing density mostly determined by the steric demands of the PFA units. The number of the methylene groups in the -NH-alkyl linker has only a minor impact on the SAM structure because of the nonsymmetric attachment of the PFA units, which permits the compensation of the orientational constraints imposed by the bending potential. The investigated SAMs alter the work function of gold by +(0.59-0.64) eV, suggesting comparably strong depolarization effects, affecting the extent of the work function modification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Wächter
- Applied Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Swen Schuster
- Applied Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Alexei Nefedov
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Tong Y, Jiang T, Bendounan A, Harish MNK, Giglia A, Kubsky S, Sirotti F, Pasquali L, Sampath S, Esaulov VA. Case studies on the formation of chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:263-277. [PMID: 26977383 PMCID: PMC4778531 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This report examines the assembly of chalcogenide organic molecules on various surfaces, focusing on cases when chemisorption is accompanied by carbon-chalcogen atom-bond scission. In the case of alkane and benzyl chalcogenides, this induces formation of a chalcogenized interface layer. This process can occur during the initial stages of adsorption and then, after passivation of the surface, molecular adsorption can proceed. The characteristics of the chalcogenized interface layer can be significantly different from the metal layer and can affect various properties such as electron conduction. For chalcogenophenes, the carbon-chalcogen atom-bond breaking can lead to opening of the ring and adsorption of an alkene chalcogenide. Such a disruption of the π-electron system affects charge transport along the chains. Awareness about these effects is of importance from the point of view of molecular electronics. We discuss some recent studies based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that shed light on these aspects for a series of such organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Tong
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR 8214 CNRS-Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Synchrotron Soleil, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Tingming Jiang
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR 8214 CNRS-Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Synchrotron Soleil, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria ‘E. Ferrari’, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Vignolese 905, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Azzedine Bendounan
- Synchrotron Soleil, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - Angelo Giglia
- CNR-IOM, s.s.14, km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefan Kubsky
- Synchrotron Soleil, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Fausto Sirotti
- Synchrotron Soleil, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Luca Pasquali
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria ‘E. Ferrari’, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Vignolese 905, 41125 Modena, Italy
- CNR-IOM, s.s.14, km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34012 Trieste, Italy
- Physics Department, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Srinivasan Sampath
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Vladimir A Esaulov
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR 8214 CNRS-Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
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Zhuang JL, Terfort A, Wöll C. Formation of oriented and patterned films of metal–organic frameworks by liquid phase epitaxy: A review. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Miranda-Rojas S, Salazar-Molina R, Kästner J, Arratia-Pérez R, Mendizábal F. Theoretical exploration of seleno and tellurophenols as promising alternatives to sulfur ligands for anchoring to gold (111) materials. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21964g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium and tellurium ligands are proposed as improved alternatives to sulfur ligands as a new strategy to anchor functional molecules to gold based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Miranda-Rojas
- Chemical Processes and Catalysis (CPC)
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
| | | | - Johannes Kästner
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Ramiro Arratia-Pérez
- CENAP
- Centro de Nanociencias Aplicadas
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular
- Relativistic Molecular Physics (ReMoPh) Group
- Universidad Andres Bello
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