1
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Zhu Y, Shi Z, Zhao Y, Bu S, Hu Z, Liao J, Lu Q, Zhou C, Guo B, Shang M, Li F, Xu Z, Zhang J, Xie Q, Li C, Sun P, Mao B, Zhang X, Liu Z, Lin L. Recent trends in the transfer of graphene films. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7862-7873. [PMID: 38568087 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05626k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed advances in chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene films on metal foils with fine scalability and thickness controllability. However, challenges for obtaining wrinkle-free, defect-free and large-area uniformity remain to be tackled. In addition, the real commercial applications of graphene films still require industrially compatible transfer techniques with reliable performance of transferred graphene, excellent production capacity, and suitable cost. Transferred graphene films, particularly with a large area, still suffer from the presence of transfer-related cracks, wrinkles and contaminants, which would strongly deteriorate the quality and uniformity of transferred graphene films. Potential applications of graphene films include moisture barrier films, transparent conductive films, electromagnetic shielding films, and optical communications; such applications call different requirements for the performance of transferred graphene, which, in turn, determine the suitable transfer techniques. Besides the reliable transfer process, automatic machines should be well developed for the future batch transfer of graphene films, ensuring the repeatability and scalability. This mini-review provides a summary of recent advances in the transfer of graphene films and offers a perspective for future directions of transfer techniques that are compatible for industrial batch transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuofeng Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
| | - Yixuan Zhao
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Saiyu Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaoning Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
| | - Junhao Liao
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Chaofan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
| | - Bingbing Guo
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
| | - Mingpeng Shang
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhiying Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Qin Xie
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chunhu Li
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Pengzhan Sun
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials, Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, P.R. China
| | - Boyang Mao
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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2
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Kim M, Ma KY, Kim H, Lee Y, Park JH, Shin HS. 2D Materials in the Display Industry: Status and Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2205520. [PMID: 36539122 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With advances in flexible electronics, innovative foldable, rollable, and stretchable displays have been developed to maintain their performance under various deformations. These flexible devices can develop more innovative designs than conventional devices due to their light weight, high space efficiency, and practical convenience. However, developing flexible devices requires material innovation because the devices must be flexible and exhibit desirable electrical insulating/semiconducting/metallic properties. Recently, emerging 2D materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted considerable research attention because of their outstanding electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, which are ideal for flexible electronics. The recent progress and challenges of 2D material growth and display applications are reviewed and perspectives for exploring 2D materials for display applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Kyung Yeol Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Hyeongjoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yeonju Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | | | - Hyeon Suk Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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3
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Lu Q, Zhong H, Sun X, Shang M, Liu W, Zhou C, Hu Z, Shi Z, Zhu Y, Liu X, Zhao Y, Liao J, Zhang X, Lian Z, Song Y, Sun L, Jia K, Yin J, Zhang X, Xie Q, Yin WJ, Lin L, Liu Z. High Moisture-Barrier Performance of Double-Layer Graphene Enabled by Conformal and Clean Transfer. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7716-7724. [PMID: 37539976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphene films that can theoretically block almost all molecules have emerged as promising candidate materials for moisture barrier films in the applications of organic photonic devices and gas storage. However, the current barrier performance of graphene films does not reach the ideal value. Here, we reveal that the interlayer distance of the large-area stacked multilayer graphene is the key factor that suppresses water permeation. We show that by minimizing the gap between the two monolayers, the water vapor transmission rate of double-layer graphene can be as low as 5 × 10-3 g/(m2 d) over an A4-sized region. The high barrier performance was achieved by the absence of interfacial contamination and conformal contact between graphene layers during layer-by-layer transfer. Our work reveals the moisture permeation mechanism through graphene layers, and with this approach, we can tailor the interlayer coupling of manually stacked two-dimensional materials for new physics and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, People's Republic of China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haotian Zhong
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiucai Sun
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingpeng Shang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlin Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaofan Zhou
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoning Hu
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuofeng Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Zhao
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhao Liao
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Lian
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Song
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
| | - Luzhao Sun
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaicheng Jia
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Yin
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Xie
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Jian Yin
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, Beijing 102249, People's Republic of China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
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4
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Kim YJ, Kim YH, Ahn S. Selective Blocking of Graphene Defects Using Polyvinyl Alcohol through Hydrophilicity Difference. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2001. [PMID: 36903122 PMCID: PMC10004167 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Defects on graphene over a micrometer in size were selectively blocked using polyvinyl alcohol through the formation of hydrogen bonding with defects. Because this hydrophilic PVA does not prefer to be located on the hydrophobic graphene surface, PVA selectively filled hydrophilic defects on graphene after the process of deposition through the solution. The mechanism of the selective deposition via hydrophilic-hydrophilic interactions was also supported by scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy analysis of selective deposition of hydrophobic alkanes on hydrophobic graphene surface and observation of PVA initial growth at defect edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-jeong Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hui Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhoon Ahn
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
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5
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Lu CH, Shang KM, Lee SR, Leu CM, Tai YC, Yeh NC. Low-Temperature Direct Growth of Nanocrystalline Multilayer Graphene on Silver with Long-Term Surface Passivation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:9883-9891. [PMID: 36752517 PMCID: PMC9951176 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of transition metals, including copper and gold, have been successfully used as substrates for graphene growth. On the other hand, it has been challenging to grow graphene on silver, so realistic applications by combining graphene and silver for improved electrode stability and enhanced surface plasmon resonance in organic light-emitting diodes and biosensing have not been realized to date. Here, we demonstrate the surface passivation of silver through the single-step rapid growth of nanocrystalline multilayer graphene on silver via low-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The effect of the growth time on the graphene quality and the underlying silver characteristics is investigated by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cross-sectional annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM). These results reveal nanocrystalline graphene structures with turbostratic layer stacking. Based on the XPS and ADF-STEM results, a PECVD growth mechanism of graphene on silver is proposed. The multilayer graphene also provides excellent long-term protection of the underlying silver surface from oxidation after 5 months of air exposure. This development thus paves the way toward realizing technological applications based on graphene-protected silver surfaces and electrodes as well as hybrid graphene-silver plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsuan Lu
- Department
of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kuang-Ming Shang
- Department
of Medical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Shi-Ri Lee
- Department
of Electron Microscopy Development and Application, Division of Platform
Technology for Advanced Materials, Material and Chemical Research
Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research
Institute, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Ming Leu
- Material
and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial
Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chong Tai
- Department
of Medical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Nai-Chang Yeh
- Department
of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Department
of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei
City 106, Taiwan
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6
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Jeon Y, Lee H, Kim H, Kwon JH. A Review of Various Attempts on Multi-Functional Encapsulation Technologies for the Reliability of OLEDs. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1478. [PMID: 36144102 PMCID: PMC9502182 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As the demand for flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) grows beyond that for rigid OLEDs, various elements of OLEDs, such as thin-film transistors, electrodes, thin-film encapsulations (TFEs), and touch screen panels, have been developed to overcome OLEDs' physical and chemical limitations through material and structural design. In particular, TFEs, which protect OLEDs from the external environment, including reactive gases, heat, sunlight, dust, and particles, have technical difficulties to be solved. This review covers various encapsulation technologies that have been developed with the advent of atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology for highly reliable OLEDs, in which solutions to existing technical difficulties in flexible encapsulations are proposed. However, as the conventional encapsulation technologies did not show technological differentiation because researchers have focused only on improving their barrier performance by increasing their thickness and the number of pairs, OLEDs are inevitably vulnerable to environmental degradation induced by ultraviolet (UV) light, heat, and barrier film corrosion. Therefore, research on multi-functional encapsulation technology customized for display applications has been conducted. Many research groups have created functional TFEs by applying nanolaminates, optical Bragg mirrors, and interfacial engineering between layers. As transparent, wearable, and stretchable OLEDs will be actively commercialized beyond flexible OLEDs in the future, customized encapsulation considering the characteristics of the display will be a key technology that guarantees the reliability of the display and accelerates the realization of advanced displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea
| | - Hyeongjun Lee
- Department of Display and Semiconductor Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea
| | - Hyeunwoo Kim
- Department of Display and Semiconductor Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Display and Semiconductor Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea
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7
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Baldanza A, Pastore Carbone MG, Brondi C, Manikas AC, Mensitieri G, Pavlou C, Scherillo G, Galiotis C. Chemical Vapour Deposition Graphene-PMMA Nanolaminates for Flexible Gas Barrier. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060611. [PMID: 35736318 PMCID: PMC9230733 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Successful ways of fully exploiting the excellent structural and multifunctional performance of graphene and related materials are of great scientific and technological interest. New opportunities are provided by the fabrication of a novel class of nanocomposites with a nanolaminate architecture. In this work, by using the iterative lift-off/float-on process combined with wet depositions, we incorporated cm-size graphene monolayers produced via Chemical Vapour Deposition into a poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix with a controlled, alternate-layered structure. The produced nanolaminate shows a significant improvement in mechanical properties, with enhanced stiffness, strength and toughness, with the addition of only 0.06 vol% of graphene. Furthermore, oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability measurements performed at different relative humidity levels, reveal that the addition of graphene leads to significant reduction of permeability, compared to neat PMMA. Overall, we demonstrate that the produced graphene-PMMA nanolaminate surpasses, in terms of gas barrier properties, the traditional discontinuous graphene-particle composites with a similar filler content. Moreover, we found that the gas permeability through the nanocomposites departs from a monotonic decrease as a function of relative humidity, which is instead evident in the case of the pure PMMA nanolaminate. This work suggests the possible use of Chemical Vapour Deposition graphene-polymer nanolaminates as a flexible gas barrier, thus enlarging the spectrum of applications for this novel material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Baldanza
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (C.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Pastore Carbone
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.G.P.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Cosimo Brondi
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (C.B.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Giuseppe Mensitieri
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (C.B.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Christos Pavlou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.G.P.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Scherillo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (C.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Costas Galiotis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.G.P.C.); (C.P.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (C.G.)
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8
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Kafle P, Huang S, Park KS, Zhang F, Yu H, Kasprzak CE, Kim H, Schroeder CM, van der Zande AM, Diao Y. Role of Interfacial Interactions in the Graphene-Directed Assembly of Monolayer Conjugated Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6984-6995. [PMID: 35613042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Development of graphene-organic hybrid electronics is one of the most promising directions for next-generation electronic materials. However, it remains challenging to understand the graphene-organic semiconductor interactions right at the interface, which is key to designing hybrid electronics. Herein, we study the influence of graphene on the multiscale morphology of solution-processed monolayers of conjugated polymers (PII-2T, DPP-BTz, DPP2T-TT, and DPP-T-TMS). The strong interaction between graphene and PII-2T was manifested in the high fiber density and high film coverage of monolayer films deposited on graphene compared to plasma SiO2 substrates. The monolayer films on graphene also exhibited a higher relative degree of crystallinity and dichroic ratio or polymer alignment, i.e., higher degree of order. Raman spectroscopy revealed the increased backbone planarity of the conjugated polymers upon deposition on graphene as well as the existence of electronic interaction across the interface. This speculation was further substantiated by the results of photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS) of PII-2T, which showed a decrease in binding energy of several atomic energy levels, movement of the Fermi level toward HOMO, and an increase in work function, all of which indicate p-doping of the polymer. Our results provide a new level of understanding on graphene-polymer interactions at nanoscopic interfaces and the consequent impact on multiscale morphology, which will aid in the design of efficient graphene-organic hybrid electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapti Kafle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kyung Sun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Caroline E Kasprzak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hyunchul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Charles M Schroeder
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Arend M van der Zande
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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9
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Kim YJ, Seo TH, Kim YH, Suh EK, Bae S, Hwang JY, Kim J, Kang Y, Kim MJ, Ahn S. Two-Dimensional Stacked Composites of Self-Assembled Alkane Layers and Graphene for Transparent Gas Barrier Films with Low Permeability. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:286-293. [PMID: 34978186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled alkane layers are introduced between graphene layers to physically block nanometer size defects in graphene and lateral gas pathways between graphene layers. A well-defined hexatriacontane (HTC) monolayer on graphene could cover nanometer-size defects because of the flexible nature and strong intermolecular van der Waals interactions of alkane, despite the roughness of graphene. In addition, HTC multilayers between graphene layers greatly improve their adhesion. This indicates that HTC multilayers between graphene layers can effectively block the lateral pathway between graphene layers by filling open space with close-packed self-assembled alkanes. By these mechanisms, alternately stacked composites of graphene and self-assembled alkane layers greatly increase the gas-barrier property to a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) as low as 1.2 × 10-3 g/(m2 day), whereas stacked graphene layers generally show a WVTR < 0.5 g/(m2 day). Furthermore, the self-assembled alkane layers have superior crystallinity and wide bandgap, so they have little effect on the transmittance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jeong Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Seo
- Green Energy & Nano Technology R&D group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gwangju 61012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hui Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sukang Bae
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Hwang
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoo Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhoon Ahn
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
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10
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Zhou J, Tian X, Wang B, Zhang S, Liu Z, Chen W. Application of Low Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition Packaging Technology in OLED and Its Implications for Organic and Perovskite Solar Cell Packaging. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a21110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Chang W, Peng B, Egab K, Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Li X, Ma X, Li C. Few-layer graphene on nickel enabled sustainable dropwise condensation. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1877-1884. [PMID: 36654397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Condensation is critical for a wide range of applications such as electrical power generation, distillation, natural gas processing, dehumidification and water harvest, and thermal management. Compared with "filmwise" mode of condensation (FWC) prevailing in industrial-scale systems, dropwise condensation (DWC) can provide an order of magnitude higher heat transfer rate owing to drastically reduced thermal resistance from the formation of discrete and mobile droplets. In the past, promoting DWC by controlling surface wetting has attracted wide attention, but DWC highly relies on non-wetting surfaces and only lasts days under practical conditions due to the poor reliability of coatings. Here, we developed nanostructured graphene coatings on nickel (Ni) substrates that we can control and enhance the nucleation of water droplets on graphene grain boundaries. Surprisingly, this enables DWC even under normal "wetting" conditions. This is contradictory to the widely accepted DWC mechanism. Moreover, the Ni-graphene surface enables exceptional long-term condensation from days to more than 3 years under practical or even more aggressive testing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Benli Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Karim Egab
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Yunya Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Yaqi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization of Chemical Resources, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Xuehu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization of Chemical Resources, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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12
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Kotsidi M, Gorgolis G, Pastore Carbone MG, Anagnostopoulos G, Paterakis G, Poggi G, Manikas A, Trakakis G, Baglioni P, Galiotis C. Preventing colour fading in artworks with graphene veils. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1004-1010. [PMID: 34211165 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Modern and contemporary art materials are generally prone to irreversible colour changes upon exposure to light and oxidizing agents. Graphene can be produced in thin large sheets, blocks ultraviolet light, and is impermeable to oxygen, moisture and corrosive agents; therefore, it has the potential to be used as a transparent layer for the protection of art objects in museums, during storage and transportation. Here we show that a single-layer or multilayer graphene veil, produced by chemical vapour deposition, can be deposited over artworks to protect them efficiently against colour fading, with a protection factor of up to 70%. We also show that this process is reversible since the graphene protective layer can be removed using a soft rubber eraser without causing any damage to the artwork. We have also explored a complementary contactless graphene-based route for colour protection that is based on the deposition of graphene on picture framing glass for use when the direct application of graphene is not feasible due to surface roughness or artwork fragility. Overall, the present results are a proof of concept of the potential use of graphene as an effective and removable protective advanced material to prevent colour fading in artworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kotsidi
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - G Gorgolis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - M G Pastore Carbone
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - G Anagnostopoulos
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - G Paterakis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - G Poggi
- CSGI & Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - A Manikas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - G Trakakis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - P Baglioni
- CSGI & Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C Galiotis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH/ ICE-HT), Patras, Greece.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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Seo YM, Jang W, Gu T, Seok HJ, Han S, Choi BL, Kim HK, Chae H, Kang J, Whang D. Defect-Free Mechanical Graphene Transfer Using n-Doping Adhesive Gel Buffer. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11276-11284. [PMID: 34184867 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of uniform low-defect graphene on a catalytic metal substrate is getting closer to the industrial level. However, its practical application is still challenging due to the lack of an appropriate method for its scalable damage-free transfer to a device substrate. Here, an efficient approach for a defect-free, etchant-free, wrinkle-free, and large-area graphene transfer is demonstrated by exploiting a multifunctional viscoelastic polymer gel as a simultaneous shock-free adhesive and dopant layer. Initially, an amine-rich polymer solution in its liquid form allows for conformal coating on a graphene layer grown on a Cu substrate. The subsequent thermally cured soft gel enables the shock-free and wrinkle-free direct mechanical exfoliation of graphene from a substrate due to its strong charge-transfer interaction with graphene and excellent shock absorption. The adhesive gel with a high optical transparency works as an electron doping layer toward graphene, which exhibits significantly reduced sheet resistances without optical transmittance loss. Lastly, the transferred graphene layer shows high mechanical and chemical stabilities under the repeated bending test and exposure to various solvents. This gel-assisted mechanical transfer method can be a solution to connect the missing part between large-scale graphene synthesis and next-generation electronics and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Seo
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Jang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejun Gu
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jun Seok
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Lyong Choi
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyeop Chae
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmok Whang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea
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14
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Choi SE, Kim SS, Choi E, Kim JH, Choi Y, Kang J, Kwon O, Kim DW. Diamine vapor treatment of viscoelastic graphene oxide liquid crystal for gas barrier coating. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9518. [PMID: 33947901 PMCID: PMC8096969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A layered graphene oxide/ethylenediamine (GO/EDA) composite film was developed by exposing aqueous GO liquid crystal (GOLC) coating to EDA vapor and its effects on the gas barrier performance of GO film were systematically investigated. When a GO/EDA coating with a thickness of approximately 1 μm was applied to a neat polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, the resultant film was highly impermeable to gas molecules, particularly reducing the gas permeance up to 99.6% for He and 98.5% for H2 in comparison to the neat PET film. The gas barrier properties can be attributed to the long diffusion length through stacked GO nanosheets. The EDA can crosslink oxygen-containing groups of GO, enhancing the mechanical properties of the GO/EDA coating with hardness and elastic modulus values up to 1.14 and 28.7 GPa, respectively. By the synergistic effect of the viscoelastic properties of GOLC and the volatility of EDA, this coating method can be applied to complex geometries and EDA intercalation can be spontaneously achieved through the scaffold of the GOLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Eun Choi
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- grid.35541.360000000121053345Carbon Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55324 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Choi
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Yunkyu Choi
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeok Kang
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Ohchan Kwon
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
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15
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Raja G, Selvaraj V, Suk M, Suk KT, Kim TJ. Metabolic phenotyping analysis of graphene oxide nanosheets exposures in breast cancer cells: Metabolomics profiling techniques. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Kwon SJ, Ahn S, Heo JM, Kim DJ, Park J, Lee HR, Kim S, Zhou H, Park MH, Kim YH, Lee W, Sun JY, Hong BH, Lee TW. Chemically Robust Indium Tin Oxide/Graphene Anode for Efficient Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9074-9080. [PMID: 33491445 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is an optimal material to be employed as an ionic diffusion barrier because of its outstanding impermeability and chemical robustness. Indium tin oxide (ITO) is often used in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), and it can release indium easily upon exposure to the acidic hole-injection layer so that luminescence can be quenched significantly. Here, we exploit the outstanding impermeability of graphene and use it as a chemical barrier to block the etching that can occur in ITO exposed to an acidic hole-injection layer in PeLEDs. This barrier reduced the luminescence quenching that these metallic species can cause, so the photoluminescence lifetime of perovskite film was substantially higher in devices with ITO and graphene layer (87.9 ns) than in devices that had only an ITO anode (22.1 ns). Luminous current efficiency was also higher in PeLEDs with a graphene barrier (16.4 cd/A) than in those without graphene (9.02 cd/A). Our work demonstrates that graphene can be used as a barrier to reduce the degradation of transparent electrodes by chemical etching in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Joo Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeong Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Kim
- Program in Nano Science and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Ryung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Huanyu Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanhee Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yun Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Graphene Research Center Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Nano Systems Institute (NSI), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Zhao Z, Hou T, Wu N, Jiao S, Zhou K, Yin J, Suk JW, Cui X, Zhang M, Li S, Qu Y, Xie W, Li XB, Zhao C, Fu Y, Hong RD, Guo S, Lin D, Cai W, Mai W, Luo Z, Tian Y, Lai Y, Liu Y, Colombo L, Hao Y. Polycrystalline Few-Layer Graphene as a Durable Anticorrosion Film for Copper. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1161-1168. [PMID: 33411539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Corrosion of metals in atmospheric environments is a worldwide problem in industry and daily life. Traditional anticorrosion methods including sacrificial anodes or protective coatings have performance limitations. Here, we report atomically thin, polycrystalline few-layer graphene (FLG) grown by chemical vapor deposition as a long-term protective coating film for copper (Cu). A six-year old, FLG-protected Cu is visually shiny and detailed material characterizations capture no sign of oxidation. The success of the durable anticorrosion film depends on the misalignment of grain boundaries between adjacent graphene layers. Theoretical calculations further found that corrosive molecules always encounter extremely high energy barrier when diffusing through the FLG layers. Therefore, the FLG is able to prevent the corrosive molecules from reaching the underlying Cu surface. This work highlights the interesting structures of polycrystalline FLG and sheds insight into the atomically thin coatings for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Zhao
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Tianyu Hou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Nannan Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuping Jiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics, and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Ji Won Suk
- School of Mechanical Engineering and SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Xu Cui
- AutoX Technologies Inc., San Jose, California 95131, United States
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaopeng Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Qu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- The Sixth Element Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Weiguang Xie
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xi-Bo Li
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Chuanxi Zhao
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Rong-Dun Hong
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Shengshi Guo
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Dingqu Lin
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wenjie Mai
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Zhengtang Luo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yongtao Tian
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yun Lai
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuanyue Liu
- Texas Materials Institute and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Luigi Colombo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Yufeng Hao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Haian Institute of New Technology, Nanjing University, Haian, 226600, China
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20
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Tsou CH, Zhao L, Gao C, Duan H, Lin X, Wen Y, Du J, Lin SM, Suen MC, Yu Y, Liu X, De Guzman MR. Characterization of network bonding created by intercalated functionalized graphene and polyvinyl alcohol in nanocomposite films for reinforced mechanical properties and barrier performance. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:385703. [PMID: 32464605 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab9786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene that consists of less than 10 layers is expensive; moreover, it tends to agglomerate. These disadvantages restrict its utility. In this regard, the present study aimed to reduce the number of layers of a functionalized graphene (FG) with 10-30 layers to less than 10 layers by using an ultrasonic processor. We prepared nanocomposite films of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) incorporated with FG by a simple hydrothermal method and ultrasonic dispersion. Oxygen transmission rate and water vapor permeability were considerably increased on account of modifying PVA with FG. Furthermore, the mechanical properties, thermostability, and barrier properties were improved. The barrier efficiency of the nanocomposites at different temperatures remained high for long periods of operation because of the network bonding. A simple procedure involving relatively low-cost nanomaterials could unlock the potential of nanocomposite FG/PVA films in the fields of coating, packaging, and semiconductor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hui Tsou
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China. Sichuan Yibin Plastic Packaging Materials Co., Ltd, Yibin 644007, People's Republic of China. Sichuan Golden-Elephant Sincerity Chemical Co., Ltd, Meishan 620010, People's Republic of China. Sichuan Zhixiangyi Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610051, People's Republic of China. Sichuan Zhirenfa Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China. Department of Materials Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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You J, Oh B, Yun YS, Jin HJ. Improvement in Barrier Properties Using a Large Lateral Size of Exfoliated Graphene Oxide. Macromol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-020-8089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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23
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Ricciardi MR, Cristiano F, Bertocchi F, Martone A, Giordano M. Manufacturing and properties of biomimetic graphite nanoplatelets foils. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. Ricciardi
- CNR‐IPCB Institute for Composites, Polymers and BiomaterialsNational Research Council P.le E. Fermi, 1 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | | | | | - Alfonso Martone
- CNR‐IPCB Institute for Composites, Polymers and BiomaterialsNational Research Council P.le E. Fermi, 1 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Michele Giordano
- CNR‐IPCB Institute for Composites, Polymers and BiomaterialsNational Research Council P.le E. Fermi, 1 80055 Portici, NA Italy
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24
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Graphene Oxide/Polystyrene Bilayer Gate Dielectrics for Low-Voltage Organic Field-Effect Transistors. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report on the use of a graphene oxide (GO)/polystyrene (PS) bilayer as a gate dielectric for low-voltage organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The hydrophilic functional groups of GO cause surface trapping and high gate leakage, which can be overcome by introducing a layer of PS—a hydrophobic polymer—onto the top surface of GO. The GO/PS gate dielectric shows reduced surface roughness and gate leakage while maintaining a high capacitance of 37.8 nF cm−2. The resulting OFETs show high-performance operation with a high mobility of 1.05 cm2 V−1 s−1 within a low operating voltage of −5 V.
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25
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Kwon JH, Jeon Y, Choi KC. Robust Transparent and Conductive Gas Diffusion Multibarrier Based on Mg- and Al-Doped ZnO as Indium Tin Oxide-Free Electrodes for Organic Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:32387-32396. [PMID: 30141612 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thin-film encapsulation is strictly required to protect transparent, flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on plastic substrates with poor moisture barrier performances against water vapor and oxygen. However, additional encapsulation process makes OLED fabrication complex and expensive, resulting in lower yield and higher costs for the manufacture of OLEDs. Therefore, to develop simple, transparent conductive gas diffusion barrier (TCGDB) technologies by providing barrier performances to electrodes can be alternatives. Furthermore, TCGDB based on dielectric/metal/dielectric structures exhibit not only excellent barrier performances to protect metallic and organic layers against the ambient environment but also mechanical flexibility overcoming the brittleness of oxides. In this work, to improve the moisture-resistant, electrical, and optical properties of ZnO film, periodical dopant layers were inserted during the deposition of atomic layer deposition ZnO film. These dopant layers make the intrinsic ZnO film more optically and electrically functional. The dopant of MgO with a wide band gap enables blue-shifted optical transmittance, and the dopant of Al atoms makes doped ZnO more electrically conductive. In addition, these dopant layers in the ZnO film interrupt the film crystallization, making the film less crystalline with fewer channels and grain boundaries. This effect results in significant improvement of its GDB properties. With a functional and material design that takes full advantage of the synergetic combination of highly flexible conductive Ag and a moisture-resistant MAZO layer, the MAZO/Ag/MAZO (MAM) multilayer with a thickness of approximately 110 nm achieves a sheet resistance of 5.60 Ω/sq, an average transmittance of 89.72% in the visible range, and a water vapor transmission rate on the order of 10-5 g/m2/day. In addition, OLEDs with the MAM electrode demonstrated a great potential of indium tin oxide- and encapsulation-free organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyun Kwon
- School of Electrical Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
- Advanced Nano-Surface Department , Korea Institute of Materials Science , Changwon , Gyeongnam 51508 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Jeon
- School of Electrical Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Cheol Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
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26
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Won S, Van Lam D, Lee JY, Jung HJ, Hur M, Kim KS, Lee HJ, Kim JH. Graphene-based stretchable and transparent moisture barrier. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:125705. [PMID: 29345246 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaa8b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose an alumina-deposited double-layer graphene (2LG) as a transparent, scalable, and stretchable barrier against moisture; this barrier is indispensable for foldable or stretchable organic displays and electronics. Both the barrier property and stretchability were significantly enhanced through the introduction of 2LG between alumina and a polymeric substrate. 2LG with negligible polymeric residues was coated on the polymeric substrate via a scalable dry transfer method in a roll-to-roll manner; an alumina layer was deposited on the graphene via atomic layer deposition. The effect of the graphene layer on crack generation in the alumina layer was systematically studied under external strain using an in situ micro-tensile tester, and correlations between the deformation-induced defects and water vapor transmission rate were quantitatively analyzed. The enhanced stretchability of alumina-deposited 2LG originated from the interlayer sliding between the graphene layers, which resulted in the crack density of the alumina layer being reduced under external strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejeong Won
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
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Sarno M, Rossi G, Cirillo C, Incarnato L. Cold Wall Chemical Vapor Deposition Graphene-Based Conductive Tunable Film Barrier. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sarno
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- NANO_MATES Research Centre, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Gabriella Rossi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Claudia Cirillo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- NANO_MATES Research Centre, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Loredana Incarnato
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- NANO_MATES Research Centre, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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28
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Chen PY, Zhang M, Liu M, Wong IY, Hurt RH. Ultrastretchable Graphene-Based Molecular Barriers for Chemical Protection, Detection, and Actuation. ACS NANO 2018; 12:234-244. [PMID: 29165991 PMCID: PMC5780244 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of technologies requires barrier films to impede molecular transport between the external environment and a desired internal microclimate. Adding stretchability to barrier films would enable the applications in packaging, textiles, and flexible devices, but classical barrier materials utilize dense, ordered molecular architectures that easily fracture under small tensile strain. Here, we show that textured graphene-based coatings can serve as ultrastretchable molecular barriers expandable to 1500% areal strain through programmed unfolding that mimics the elasticity of polymers. These coatings retain barrier function under large deformation and can be conformally applied to planar or curved surfaces, where they are washfast and mechanically robust to cycling. These graphene-polymer bilayer structures also function as sensors or actuators by transducing chemical stimuli into mechanical deformation and electrical resistance change through asymmetric polymer swelling. These results may enable multifunctional fabrics that integrate chemical protection, sensing, and actuation, with further applications as selective barriers, membranes, stretchable electronics, or soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yen Chen
- Deparment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119077
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Abstract
With potential benefits to the 71 million contact lens users worldwide, contact lenses are being reinvented in the form of smart wearable electronics. In this issue of ACS Nano, Lee et al. report on the fascinating functions of a graphene-based smart contact lens that is able to protect eyes from electromagnetic waves and dehydration. Graphene and two-dimensional materials can be exploited in many opportunities in the development of smart contact lenses. Here, we briefly review and describe prospects for the future of smart contact lenses that incorporate graphene in their platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungjun Choi
- Nanoscience for Energy Technology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich , Tannenstrasse 3, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Hyung Gyu Park
- Nanoscience for Energy Technology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich , Tannenstrasse 3, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
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30
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Lee S, Jo I, Kang S, Jang B, Moon J, Park JB, Lee S, Rho S, Kim Y, Hong BH. Smart Contact Lenses with Graphene Coating for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Dehydration Protection. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5318-5324. [PMID: 28199121 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, smart contact lenses with electronic circuits have been proposed for various sensor and display applications where the use of flexible and biologically stable electrode materials is essential. Graphene is an atomically thin carbon material with a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice that shows outstanding electrical and mechanical properties as well as excellent biocompatibility. In addition, graphene is capable of protecting eyes from electromagnectic (EM) waves that may cause eye diseases such as cataracts. Here, we report a graphene-based highly conducting contact lens platform that reduces the exposure to EM waves and dehydration. The sheet resistance of the graphene on the contact lens is as low as 593 Ω/sq (±9.3%), which persists in an wet environment. The EM wave shielding function of the graphene-coated contact lens was tested on egg whites exposed to strong EM waves inside a microwave oven. The results show that the EM energy is absorbed by graphene and dissipated in the form of thermal radiation so that the damage on the egg whites can be minimized. We also demonstrated the enhanced dehydration protection effect of the graphene-coated lens by monitoring the change in water evaporation rate from the vial capped with the contact lens. Thus, we believe that the graphene-coated contact lens would provide a healthcare and bionic platform for wearable technologies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangkyu Lee
- Graphene Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology & Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Gwanakro-1, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Materials & Production Engineering Research Institute, LG Electronics , LGro-222, Pyeongtaek 451-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Jo
- Graphene Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology & Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Gwanakro-1, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Kang
- Graphene Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology & Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Gwanakro-1, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongchul Jang
- Materials & Production Engineering Research Institute, LG Electronics , LGro-222, Pyeongtaek 451-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhee Moon
- Advanced Nano-Surface Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute , 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bo Park
- Graphene Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology & Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Gwanakro-1, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochang Lee
- Interojo, Inc., 28 & 25 Sandan-ro 15, Pyeongtaek 17744, Republic of Korea
| | - Sichul Rho
- Interojo, Inc., 28 & 25 Sandan-ro 15, Pyeongtaek 17744, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Graphene Square, Inc., Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, 1 Gwanak-ro, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Hong
- Graphene Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology & Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Gwanakro-1, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Kidambi PR, Terry RA, Wang L, Boutilier MSH, Jang D, Kong J, Karnik R. Assessment and control of the impermeability of graphene for atomically thin membranes and barriers. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:8496-8507. [PMID: 28604878 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials such as graphene offer fundamentally transformative opportunities in membrane separations and as impermeable barriers, but the lack of facile methods to assess and control its 'impermeability' critically limits progress. Here we show that a simple etch of the growth catalyst (Cu) through defects in monolayer graphene synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can be used to effectively assess graphene quality for membrane/barrier applications. Using feedback from the method to tune synthesis, we realize graphene with nearly no nanometer-scale defects as assessed by diffusion measurements, in contrast to commercially available graphene that is largely optimized for electronic applications. Interestingly, we observe clear evidence of leakage through larger defects associated with wrinkles in graphene, which are selectively sealed to realize centimeter-scale atomically thin barriers exhibiting <2% mass transport compared to the graphene support. Our work provides a facile method to assess and control the 'impermeability' of graphene and shows that future work should be directed towards the control of leakage associated with wrinkles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piran R Kidambi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Bartali R, Otyepka M, Pykal M, Lazar P, Micheli V, Gottardi G, Laidani N. Interaction of the Helium, Hydrogen, Air, Argon, and Nitrogen Bubbles with Graphite Surface in Water. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:17517-17525. [PMID: 28474883 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of the confined gas with solid surface immersed in water is a common theme of many important fields such as self-cleaning surface, gas storage, and sensing. For that reason, we investigated the gas-graphite interaction in the water medium. The graphite surface was prepared by mechanical exfoliation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The surface chemistry and morphology were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, profilometry, and atomic force microscopy. The surface energy of HOPG was estimated by contact angle measurements using the Owens-Wendt method. The interaction of gases (Ar, He, H2, N2, and air) with graphite was studied by a captive bubble method, in which the gas bubble was in contact with the exfoliated graphite surface in water media. The experimental data were corroborated by molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations. The surface energy of HOPG equaled to 52.8 mJ/m2 and more of 95% of the surface energy was attributed to dispersion interactions. The results on gas-surface interaction indicated that HOPG surface had gasphilic behavior for helium and hydrogen, while gasphobic behavior for argon and nitrogen. The results showed that the variation of the gas contact angle was related to the balance between the gas-surface and gas-gas interaction potentials. For helium and hydrogen the gas-surface interaction was particularly high compared to gas-gas interaction and this promoted the favorable interaction with graphite surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Bartali
- Department of Physics, University of Trento , Via Sommarive 14 Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler , Center of Materials and Microsystems, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc , tř. 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pykal
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc , tř. 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Lazar
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University Olomouc , tř. 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Victor Micheli
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler , Center of Materials and Microsystems, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Gloria Gottardi
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler , Center of Materials and Microsystems, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Nadhira Laidani
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler , Center of Materials and Microsystems, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy
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Lei J, Hu Y, Liu Z, Cheng GJ, Zhao K. Defects Mediated Corrosion in Graphene Coating Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:11902-11908. [PMID: 28318224 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mixed results were reported on the anticorrosion of graphene-coated metal surfaces-while graphene serves as an effective short-term barrier against corrosion and oxidation due to its low permeability to gases, the galvanic cell between graphene and the metal substrate facilitates extensive corrosion in the long run. Defects in the graphene layer provide pathways for the permeation of oxidizing species. We study the role of defects in graphene in the anticorrosion using first-principles theoretical modeling. Experiments in the highly reactive environment indicate that the oxidized products primarily distribute along the grain boundaries of graphene. We analyze the thermodynamics of the absorption of S and O on the grain boundaries of graphene on the basis of density functional theory. The insertion of S and O at the vacancy sites is energetically favorable. The interstitial impurities facilitate structural transformation of graphene and significantly decrease the mechanical strength of the graphene layer. Furthermore, the presence of the interstitial S and O reduces the chemical stability of graphene by enhancing the formation of vacancies and promoting dispersive growth of corrosive reactants along the grain boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Lei
- International Center for Applied Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
| | | | - Zishun Liu
- International Center for Applied Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, China
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Joung D, Nemilentsau A, Agarwal K, Dai C, Liu C, Su Q, Li J, Low T, Koester SJ, Cho JH. Self-Assembled Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons Inducing Volumetric Light Confinement. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:1987-1994. [PMID: 28147479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b05412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to transform two-dimensional (2D) materials into a three-dimensional (3D) structure while preserving their unique inherent properties might offer great enticing opportunities in the development of diverse applications for next generation micro/nanodevices. Here, a self-assembly process is introduced for building free-standing 3D, micro/nanoscale, hollow, polyhedral structures configured with a few layers of graphene-based materials: graphene and graphene oxide. The 3D structures have been further modified with surface patterning, realized through the inclusion of metal patterns on their 3D surfaces. The 3D geometry leads to a nontrivial spatial distribution of strong electric fields (volumetric light confinement) induced by 3D plasmon hybridization on the surface of the graphene forming the 3D structures. Due to coupling in all directions, resulting in 3D plasmon hybridization, the 3D closed box graphene generates a highly confined electric field within as well as outside of the cubes. Moreover, since the uniform coupling reduces the decay of the field enhancement away from the surface, the confined electric field inside of the 3D structure shows two orders of magnitude higher than that of 2D graphene before transformation into the 3D structure. Therefore, these structures might be used for detection of target substances (not limited to only the graphene surfaces, but using the entire volume formed by the 3D graphene-based structure) in sensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeha Joung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Andrei Nemilentsau
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kriti Agarwal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Chunhui Dai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Qun Su
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Tony Low
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Steven J Koester
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jeong-Hyun Cho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Kim CK, Jeong EG, Kim E, Song JG, Kim Y, Woo WJ, Lee MK, Bae H, Jeon SB, Kim H, Choi KC, Choi YK. Highly stable 2D material (2DM) field-effect transistors (FETs) with wafer-scale multidyad encapsulation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:055203. [PMID: 28029109 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa5235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Field-effect transistors (FETs) composed of 2D materials (2DMs) such as transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials show unstable electrical characteristics in ambient air due to the high sensitivity of 2DMs to water adsorbates. In this work, in order to demonstrate the long-term retention of electrical characteristics of a TMD FET, a multidyad encapsulation method was applied to a MoS2 FET and thereby its durability was warranted for one month. It was well known that the multidyad encapsulation method was effective to mitigate high sensitivity to ambient air in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) composed of organic materials. However, there was no attempt to check the feasibility of such a multidyad encapsulation method for 2DM FETs. It is timely to investigate the water vapor transmission ratio (WVTR) required for long-term stability of 2DM FETs. The 2DM FETs were fabricated with MoS2 flakes by both an exfoliation method, that is desirable to attain high quality film, and a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, that is applicable to fabrication for a large-sized substrate. In order to eliminate other unwanted variables, the MoS2 FETs composed of exfoliated flakes were primarily investigated to assure the effectiveness of the encapsulation method. The encapsulation method uses multiple dyads comprised of a polymer layer by spin coating and an Al2O3 layer deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The proposed method shows wafer-scale uniformity, high transparency, and protective barrier properties against adsorbates (WVTR of 8 × 10-6 g m-2 day-1) over one month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Ki Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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36
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Seethamraju S, Kumar S, B KB, Madras G, Raghavan S, Ramamurthy PC. Million-Fold Decrease in Polymer Moisture Permeability by a Graphene Monolayer. ACS NANO 2016; 10:6501-6509. [PMID: 27314156 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Flexible, transparent, and moisture-impermeable materials are critical for packaging applications in electronic, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Here, we report that a single graphene layer embedded in a flexible polymer reduces its water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) by up to a million-fold. Large-area, transparent, graphene-embedded polymers (GEPs) with a WVTR as low as 10(-6) g m(-2) day(-1) are demonstrated. Monolayered graphene, synthesized by chemical vapor deposition, has been transferred onto the polymer substrate directly by a very simple and scalable melt casting process to fabricate the GEPs. The performances of the encapsulated organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices do not vary even after subjecting the GEPs to cyclic bending for 1000 cycles. Accelerated aging studies of working OPV devices encapsulated in the GEPs show a 50% lifetime of equivalent to 1 000 000 min, which satisfies the requirements of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Seethamraju
- Centre for Nanoscience and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Shishir Kumar
- Centre for Nanoscience and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Krishna Bharadwaj B
- Centre for Nanoscience and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Giridhar Madras
- Centre for Nanoscience and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Srinivasan Raghavan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Praveen Chandrashekarapura Ramamurthy
- Centre for Nanoscience and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
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37
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Seo HK, Park MH, Kim YH, Kwon SJ, Jeong SH, Lee TW. Laminated Graphene Films for Flexible Transparent Thin Film Encapsulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:14725-31. [PMID: 27253603 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a simple, inexpensive, and large-area flexible transparent lamination encapsulation method that uses graphene films with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) buffer on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The number of stacked graphene layers (nG) was increased from 2 to 6, and 6-layered graphene-encapsulation showed high impermeability to moisture and air. The graphene-encapsulated polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) had stable operating characteristics, and the operational lifetime of encapsulated PLEDs increased as nG increased. Calcium oxidation test data confirmed the improved impermeability of graphene-encapsulation with increased nG. As a practical application, we demonstrated large-area flexible organic light emitting diodes (FOLEDs) and transparent FOLEDs that were encapsulated by our polymer/graphene encapsulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Kyu Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hun Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Ha H, Park J, Ha K, Freeman BD, Ellison CJ. Synthesis and gas permeability of highly elastic poly(dimethylsiloxane)/graphene oxide composite elastomers using telechelic polymers. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Bae YJ, Cho ES, Qiu F, Sun DT, Williams TE, Urban JJ, Queen WL. Transparent Metal-Organic Framework/Polymer Mixed Matrix Membranes as Water Vapor Barriers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10098-10103. [PMID: 27071544 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Preventing the permeation of reactive molecules into electronic devices or photovoltaic modules is of great importance to ensure their life span and reliability. This work is focused on the formation of highly functioning barrier films based on nanocrystals (NCs) of a water-scavenging metal-organic framework (MOF) and a hydrophobic cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) to overcome the current limitations. Water vapor transmission rates (WVTR) of the films reveal a 10-fold enhancement in the WVTR compared to the substrate while maintaining outstanding transparency over most of the visible and solar spectrum, a necessary condition for integration with optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Jue Bae
- The Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eun Seon Cho
- The Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Fen Qiu
- The Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel T Sun
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH 1051 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Teresa E Williams
- The Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Urban
- The Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wendy L Queen
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH 1051 Sion, Switzerland
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40
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Tailored CVD graphene coating as a transparent and flexible gas barrier. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24143. [PMID: 27063180 PMCID: PMC4827024 DOI: 10.1038/srep24143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to obtain tailored graphene as a transparent and flexible gas barrier has been developed. By separating nucleation step from growth, we could reduce early graphene nucleation density and thus induce better stitching between domain boundaries in the second growth step. Furthermore, two step growth in conjunction with electrochemical polishing of Cu foils achieved large graphene domains and improved graphene quality with minimized defects. The performance of resulting graphene as a gas barrier was superior to the graphene obtained by one-step growth on polished or unpolished Cu foils. The CVD graphene reported here could open up the possibility for exploring graphene-based gas barrier due to the minimized density of defect area.
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41
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Wu ML, Wang D. Microdomain orientation control of PS-b-PMMA films enabled by wettability relay of graphene. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24953h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A substrate-independent method to control the orientation of PS-b-PMMA film is presented by utilizing monolayer graphene coated PS-r-PMMA copolymer layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
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Weatherup RS, D’Arsié L, Cabrero-Vilatela A, Caneva S, Blume R, Robertson J, Schloegl R, Hofmann S. Long-Term Passivation of Strongly Interacting Metals with Single-Layer Graphene. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14358-66. [PMID: 26499041 PMCID: PMC4682849 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The long-term (>18 months) protection of Ni surfaces against oxidation under atmospheric conditions is demonstrated by coverage with single-layer graphene, formed by chemical vapor deposition. In situ, depth-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of various graphene-coated transition metals reveals that a strong graphene-metal interaction is of key importance in achieving this long-term protection. This strong interaction prevents the rapid intercalation of oxidizing species at the graphene-metal interface and thus suppresses oxidation of the substrate surface. Furthermore, the ability of the substrate to locally form a passivating oxide close to defects or damaged regions in the graphene overlayer is critical in plugging these defects and preventing oxidation from proceeding through the bulk of the substrate. We thus provide a clear rationale for understanding the extent to which two-dimensional materials can protect different substrates and highlight the key implications for applications of these materials as barrier layers to prevent oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Weatherup
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lorenzo D’Arsié
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sabina Caneva
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Raoul Blume
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien
und Energie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - John Robertson
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
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