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Li F, Ouyang J, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Milon Essola J, Ali B, Wu X, Zhu M, Guo W, Liang XJ. Nanomedicine for T-Cell Mediated Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301770. [PMID: 36964936 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
T-cell immunotherapy offers outstanding advantages in the treatment of various diseases, and with the selection of appropriate targets, efficient disease treatment can be achieved. T-cell immunotherapy has made great progress, but clinical results show that only a small proportion of patients can benefit from T-cell immunotherapy. The extensive mechanistic work outlines a blueprint for using T cells as a new option for immunotherapy, but also presents new challenges, including the balance between different fractions of T cells, the inherent T-cell suppression patterns in the disease microenvironment, the acquired loss of targets, and the decline of T-cell viability. The diversity, flexibility, and intelligence of nanomedicines give them great potential for enhancing T-cell immunotherapy. Here, how T-cell immunotherapy strategies can be adapted with different nanomaterials to enhance therapeutic efficacy is discussed. For two different pathological states, immunosuppression and immune activation, recent advances in nanomedicines for T-cell immunotherapy in diseases such as cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, and diabetes are summarized. With a focus on T-cell immunotherapy, this review highlights the outstanding advantages of nanomedicines in disease treatment, and helps advance one's understanding of the use of nanotechnology to enhance T-cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Ouyang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Zuqin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ziran Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Julien Milon Essola
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Barkat Ali
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- Food Sciences Research Institute, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Xinyue Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mengliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Guo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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2
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Dong L, Liu M, Fang M, Lu Q, Li X, Ma Y, Zhao T. Nucleation-Inhibited Emulsion Interfacial Assembled Polydopamine Microvesicles as Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400714. [PMID: 38593314 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Albeit microemulsion systems have emerged as efficient platforms for fabricating tunable nano/microstructures, lack of understanding on the emulsion-interfacial assembly hindered the control of fabrication. Herein, a nucleation-inhibited microemulsion interfacial assembly method is proposed, which deviates from conventional interfacial nucleation approaches, for the synthesis of polydopamine microvesicles (PDA MVs). These PDA MVs exhibit an approximate diameter of 1 µm, showcasing a pliable structure reminiscent of cellular morphology. Through modifications of antibodies on the surface of PDA MVs, their capacity as artificial antigen presentation cells is evaluated. In comparison to solid nanoparticles, PDA MVs with cell-like structures show enhanced T-cell activation, resulting in a 1.5-fold increase in CD25 expression after 1 day and a threefold surge in PD-1 positivity after 7 days. In summary, the research elucidates the influence of nucleation and interfacial assembly in microemulsion polymerization systems, providing a direct synthesis method for MVs and substantiating their effectiveness as artificial antigen-presenting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingkai Dong
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Minchao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Meng Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Lu
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xingjin Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Ma
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Tiancong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (2011-iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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3
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Hou F, Guo Z, Ho MT, Hui Y, Zhao CX. Particle-Based Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cell Systems for T Cell Activation in Adoptive T Cell Therapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8571-8599. [PMID: 38483840 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
T cell-based adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has emerged as a promising treatment for various diseases, particularly cancers. Unlike other immunotherapy modalities, ACT involves directly transferring engineered T cells into patients to eradicate diseased cells; hence, it necessitates methods for effectively activating and expanding T cells in vitro. Artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) have been widely developed based on biomaterials, particularly micro- and nanoparticles, and functionalized with T cell stimulatory antibodies to closely mimic the natural T cell-APC interactions. Due to their vast clinical utility, aAPCs have been employed as an off-the-shelf technology for T cell activation in FDA-approved ACTs, and the development of aAPCs is constantly advancing with the emergence of aAPCs with more sophisticated designs and additional functionalities. Here, we review the recent advancements in particle-based aAPCs for T cell activation in ACTs. Following a brief introduction, we first describe the manufacturing processes of ACT products. Next, the design and synthetic strategies for micro- and nanoparticle-based aAPCs are discussed separately to emphasize their features, advantages, and limitations. Then, the impact of design parameters of aAPCs, such as size, shape, ligand density/mobility, and stiffness, on their functionality and biomedical performance is explored to provide deeper insights into the design concepts and principles for more efficient and safer aAPCs. The review concludes by discussing current challenges and proposing future perspectives for the development of more advanced aAPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Zichao Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Minh Trang Ho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Yue Hui
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Izosimova AV, Shabalkina AV, Myshkin MY, Shurganova EV, Myalik DS, Ryzhichenko EO, Samitova AF, Barsova EV, Shagina IA, Britanova OV, Yuzhakova DV, Sharonov GV. Local Enrichment with Convergence of Enriched T-Cell Clones Are Hallmarks of Effective Peptide Vaccination against B16 Melanoma. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:345. [PMID: 38675728 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some peptide anticancer vaccines elicit a strong T-cell memory response but fail to suppress tumor growth. To gain insight into tumor resistance, we compared two peptide vaccines, p20 and p30, against B16 melanoma, with both exhibiting good in vitro T-cell responses but different tumor suppression abilities. METHODS We compared activation markers and repertoires of T-lymphocytes from tumor-draining (dLN) and non-draining (ndLN) lymph nodes for the two peptide vaccines. RESULTS We showed that the p30 vaccine had better tumor control as opposed to p20. p20 vaccine induced better in vitro T-cell responsiveness but failed to suppress tumor growth. Efficient antitumor vaccination is associated with a higher clonality of cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) in dLNs compared with ndLNs and the convergence of most of the enriched clones. With the inefficient p20 vaccine, the most expanded and converged were clones of the bystander T-cells without an LN preference. CONCLUSIONS Here, we show that the clonality and convergence of the T-cell response are the hallmarks of efficient antitumor vaccination. The high individual and methodological dependencies of these parameters can be avoided by comparing dLNs and ndLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vyacheslavovna Izosimova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Alexandra Valerievna Shabalkina
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yurevich Myshkin
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Viktorovna Shurganova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Daria Sergeevna Myalik
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Pathoanatomical Department, Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Cancer Hospital, Nizhny Novgorod 603126, Russia
| | | | - Alina Faritovna Samitova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Vladimirovna Barsova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Irina Aleksandrovna Shagina
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Olga Vladimirovna Britanova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Diana Vladimirovna Yuzhakova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - George Vladimirovich Sharonov
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
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5
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Omotoso MO, Lanis MR, Schneck JP. Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cell Fabrication for Murine T Cell Expansion. Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e976. [PMID: 38400601 PMCID: PMC11062398 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells and macrophages, have a unique ability to survey the body and present information to T cells via peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complexes (signal 1). This presentation, along with a co-stimulatory signal (signal 2), leads to activation and subsequent expansion of T cells. This process can be harnessed and utilized for therapeutic applications, but the use of patient-derived APCs can be complex and inefficient. Alternatively, artificial APCs (aAPCs) provide a simplified method to achieve T cell activation by presenting the two necessary stimulatory signals. This protocol describes the utilization of magnetic nanoparticles and stimulatory proteins to create aAPCs that can be employed for activating and expanding antigen-specific T cells for both basic and translational immunology and immunotherapy studies. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Protein and particle modification for aAPC fabrication Basic Protocol 2: aAPC validation by immunolabeling of conjugated protein Support Protocol 1: Quantification of aAPC stock concentration Basic Protocol 3: Determination of aAPC usage for murine CD8+ T cell activation Support Protocol 2: Isolation of murine CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary O. Omotoso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mara R. Lanis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jonathan P. Schneck
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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6
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Wang S, Hou Y. New Types of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Stimuli-Responsive Theranostic Nanoplatforms. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305459. [PMID: 37988692 PMCID: PMC10885654 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanomaterials have played a crucial role in promoting the application of nanotechnology in the biomedical field. Although conventional magnetic nanomaterials such as iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are used as biosensors, drug delivery vehicles, diagnostic and treatment agents for several diseases, the persistent pursuit of high-performance technologies has prompted researchers to continuously develop new types of magnetic nanomaterials such as iron carbide NPs. Considering their potential application in biomedicine, magnetic NPs responsive to exogenous or endogenous stimuli are developed, thereby enhancing their applicability in more complex versatile scenarios. In this review, the synthesis and surface modification of magnetic NPs are focused, particularly iron carbide NPs. Subsequently, exogenous and endogenous stimuli-responsive magnetic NP-based theranostic platforms are introduced, particularly focusing on nanozyme-based technologies and magnetic NP-mediated immunotherapy, which are emerging stimuli-responsive treatments. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of magnetic NPs to accelerate future research in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuren Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and DevicesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Yanglong Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and DevicesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
- School of MaterialsSun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhen518107China
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7
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Gurunathan S, Thangaraj P, Wang L, Cao Q, Kim JH. Nanovaccines: An effective therapeutic approach for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115992. [PMID: 38070247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines hold considerable promise for the immunotherapy of solid tumors. Nanomedicine offers several strategies for enhancing vaccine effectiveness. In particular, molecular or (sub) cellular vaccines can be delivered to the target lymphoid tissues and cells by nanocarriers and nanoplatforms to increase the potency and durability of antitumor immunity and minimize negative side effects. Nanovaccines use nanoparticles (NPs) as carriers and/or adjuvants, offering the advantages of optimal nanoscale size, high stability, ample antigen loading, high immunogenicity, tunable antigen presentation, increased retention in lymph nodes, and immunity promotion. To induce antitumor immunity, cancer vaccines rely on tumor antigens, which are administered in the form of entire cells, peptides, nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles (EVs), or cell membrane-encapsulated NPs. Ideal cancer vaccines stimulate both humoral and cellular immunity while overcoming tumor-induced immune suppression. Herein, we review the key properties of nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy and highlight the recent advances in their development based on the structure and composition of various (including synthetic and semi (biogenic) nanocarriers. Moreover, we discuss tumor cell-derived vaccines (including those based on whole-tumor-cell components, EVs, cell membrane-encapsulated NPs, and hybrid membrane-coated NPs), nanovaccine action mechanisms, and the challenges of immunocancer therapy and their translation to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Eachanari, Coimbatore 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Pratheep Thangaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Eachanari, Coimbatore 641 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lin Wang
- Research and Development Department, Qingdao Haier Biotech Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Qilong Cao
- Research and Development Department, Qingdao Haier Biotech Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Klebanoff CA, Chandran SS, Baker BM, Quezada SA, Ribas A. T cell receptor therapeutics: immunological targeting of the intracellular cancer proteome. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:996-1017. [PMID: 37891435 PMCID: PMC10947610 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The T cell receptor (TCR) complex is a naturally occurring antigen sensor that detects, amplifies and coordinates cellular immune responses to epitopes derived from cell surface and intracellular proteins. Thus, TCRs enable the targeting of proteins selectively expressed by cancer cells, including neoantigens, cancer germline antigens and viral oncoproteins. As such, TCRs have provided the basis for an emerging class of oncology therapeutics. Herein, we review the current cancer treatment landscape using TCRs and TCR-like molecules. This includes adoptive cell transfer of T cells expressing endogenous or engineered TCRs, TCR bispecific engagers and antibodies specific for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-bound peptides (TCR mimics). We discuss the unique complexities associated with the clinical development of these therapeutics, such as HLA restriction, TCR retrieval, potency assessment and the potential for cross-reactivity. In addition, we highlight emerging clinical data that establish the antitumour potential of TCR-based therapies, including tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, for the treatment of diverse human malignancies. Finally, we explore the future of TCR therapeutics, including emerging genome editing methods to safely enhance potency and strategies to streamline patient identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Klebanoff
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Smita S Chandran
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, NY, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian M Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, ID, USA
- The Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, ID, USA
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Achilles Therapeutics, London, UK
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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9
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Mahata D, Mukherjee D, Biswas D, Basak S, Basak AJ, Jamir I, Pandey N, Khatoon H, Samanta D, Basak A, Mukherjee G. Activation and differentiation of cognate T cells by a dextran-based antigen-presenting system for cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350528. [PMID: 37698527 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic modulation of antigen-specific T-cell responses instead of the whole repertoire helps avoid immune-related adverse events. We have developed an artificial antigen-presenting system (aAPS) where multiple copies of a multimeric peptide-MHC class I complex presenting a murine class I MHC restricted ovalbumin-derived peptide (signal 1), along with a costimulatory ligand (signal 2) are chemically conjugated to a dextran backbone. Cognate naive CD8+ T cells, when treated with this aAPS underwent significant expansion and showed an activated phenotype. Furthermore, elevated expression of effector cytokines led to the differentiation of these cells to cytotoxic T lymphocytes which resulted in target cell lysis, indicative of the functional efficacy of the aAPS. CD8+ T cells with decreased proliferative potential due to repeated antigenic stimulation could also be re-expanded by the developed aAPS. Thus, the developed aAPS warrants further engineering for future application as a rapidly customizable personalized immunotherapeutic agent, incorporating patient-specific MHC-restricted tumor antigens and different costimulatory signals to modulate both naive and antigen-experienced but exhausted tumor-specific T cells in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubajyoti Mahata
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Debangshu Mukherjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Debarati Biswas
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Shyam Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Aditya Jyoti Basak
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Imlilong Jamir
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Nidhi Pandey
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Huma Khatoon
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Dibyendu Samanta
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Amit Basak
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Gayatri Mukherjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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10
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Tvingsholm SA, Frej MS, Rafa VM, Hansen UK, Ormhøj M, Tyron A, Jensen AWP, Kadivar M, Bentzen AK, Munk KK, Aasbjerg GN, Ternander JSH, Heeke C, Tamhane T, Schmess C, Funt SA, Kjeldsen JW, Kverneland AH, Met Ö, Draghi A, Jakobsen SN, Donia M, Marie Svane I, Hadrup SR. TCR-engaging scaffolds selectively expand antigen-specific T-cells with a favorable phenotype for adoptive cell therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006847. [PMID: 37586765 PMCID: PMC10432666 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has shown promising results for the treatment of cancer and viral infections. Successful ACT relies on ex vivo expansion of large numbers of desired T-cells with strong cytotoxic capacity and in vivo persistence, which constitutes the greatest challenge to current ACT strategies. Here, in this study, we present a novel technology for ex vivo expansion of antigen-specific T-cells; artificial antigen-presenting scaffolds (Ag-scaffolds) consisting of a dextran-polysaccharide backbone, decorated with combinations of peptide-Major Histocompatibility Complex (pMHC), cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules, enabling coordinated stimulation of antigen-specific T-cells. METHODS The capacity of Ag-scaffolds to expand antigen-specific T-cells was explored in ex vivo cultures with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and patients with metastatic melanoma. The resulting T-cell products were assessed for phenotypic and functional characteristics. RESULTS We identified an optimal Ag-scaffold for expansion of T-cells for ACT, carrying pMHC and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-21, with which we efficiently expanded both virus-specific and tumor-specific CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood of healthy donors and patients, respectively. The resulting T-cell products were characterized by a high frequency of antigen-specific cells with high self-renewal capacity, low exhaustion, a multifunctional cytokine profile upon antigen-challenge and superior tumor killing capacity. This demonstrates that the coordinated stimuli provided by an optimized stoichiometry of TCR engaging (pMHC) and stimulatory (cytokine) moieties is essential to obtain desired T-cell characteristics. To generate an 'off-the-shelf' multitargeting Ag-scaffold product of relevance to patients with metastatic melanoma, we identified the 30 most frequently recognized shared HLA-A0201-restricted melanoma epitopes in a cohort of 87 patients. By combining these in an Ag-scaffold product, we were able to expand tumor-specific T-cells from 60-70% of patients with melanoma, yielding a multitargeted T-cell product with up to 25% specific and phenotypically and functionally improved T cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the Ag-scaffold represents a promising new technology for selective expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells directly from blood, yielding a highly specific and functionally enhanced T-cell product for ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vibeke Mindahl Rafa
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Maria Ormhøj
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexander Tyron
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Agnete W P Jensen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Kadivar
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Amalie Kai Bentzen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kamilla K Munk
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gitte N Aasbjerg
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Christina Heeke
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tripti Tamhane
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Schmess
- NMI Natural and Medical Science Institute, University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Samuel A Funt
- Deptartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julie Westerlin Kjeldsen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anders Handrup Kverneland
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Özcan Met
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arianna Draghi
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Søren Nyboe Jakobsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sine Reker Hadrup
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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11
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Yang YL, Yang F, Huang ZQ, Li YY, Shi HY, Sun Q, Ma Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yang S, Zhao GR, Xu FH. T cells, NK cells, and tumor-associated macrophages in cancer immunotherapy and the current state of the art of drug delivery systems. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199173. [PMID: 37457707 PMCID: PMC10348220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system provides full protection for the body by specifically identifying 'self' and removing 'others'; thus protecting the body from diseases. The immune system includes innate immunity and adaptive immunity, which jointly coordinate the antitumor immune response. T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the main tumor-killing immune cells active in three antitumor immune cycle. Cancer immunotherapy focusses on activating and strengthening immune response or eliminating suppression from tumor cells in each step of the cancer-immunity cycle; thus, it strengthens the body's immunity against tumors. In this review, the antitumor immune cycles of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are discussed. Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules in the three activity cycles and the development of drugs and delivery systems targeting these molecules are emphasized, and the current state of the art of drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-long Yang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuan-qing Huang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-yuan Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-yuan Shi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Biotherapeutic, The First Medical Centre, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Chinese People’s Armed Police Force Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-ren Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-hua Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
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12
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Ben-Akiva E, Hickey JW, Meyer RA, Isser A, Shannon SR, Livingston NK, Rhodes KR, Kosmides AK, Warren TR, Tzeng SY, Schneck JP, Green JJ. Shape matters: Biodegradable anisotropic nanoparticle artificial antigen presenting cells for cancer immunotherapy. Acta Biomater 2023; 160:187-197. [PMID: 36812956 PMCID: PMC10335041 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Artificial antigen presenting cells are biomimetic particles that recapitulate the signals presented by natural antigen presenting cells in order to stimulate T cells in an antigen-specific manner using an acellular platform. We have engineered an enhanced nanoscale biodegradable artificial antigen presenting cell by modulating particle shape to achieve a nanoparticle geometry that allows for increased radius of curvature and surface area for T cell contact. The non-spherical nanoparticle artificial antigen presenting cells developed here have reduced nonspecific uptake and improved circulation time compared both to spherical nanoparticles and to traditional microparticle technologies. Additionally, the anisotropic nanoparticle artificial antigen presenting cells efficiently engage with and activate T cells, ultimately leading to a marked anti-tumor effect in a mouse melanoma model that their spherical counterparts were unable to achieve. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) can activate antigen-specific CD8+ T cells but have largely been limited to microparticle-based platforms and ex vivo T cell expansion. Although more amenable to in vivo use, nanoscale aAPC have traditionally been ineffective due to limited surface area available for T cell interaction. In this work, we engineered non-spherical biodegradable nanoscale aAPC to investigate the role of particle geometry and develop a translatable platform for T cell activation. The non-spherical aAPC developed here have increased surface area and a flatter surface for T cell engagement and, therefore, can more effectively stimulate antigen-specific T cells, resulting in anti-tumor efficacy in a mouse melanoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana Ben-Akiva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - John W Hickey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Randall A Meyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ariel Isser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Sydney R Shannon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Natalie K Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Kelly R Rhodes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Alyssa K Kosmides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Tiarra R Warren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Stephany Y Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jonathan P Schneck
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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13
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Ghafelehbashi R, Farshbafnadi M, Aghdam NS, Amiri S, Salehi M, Razi S. Nanoimmunoengineering strategies in cancer diagnosis and therapy. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:78-90. [PMID: 36076122 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy strategies in combination with engineered nanosystems have yielded beneficial results in the treatment of cancer and their application is increasing day by day. The pivotal role of stimuli-responsive nanosystems and nanomedicine-based cancer immunotherapy, as a subsidiary discipline in the field of immunology, cannot be ignored. Today, rapid advances in nanomedicine are used as a platform for exploring new therapeutic applications and modern smart healthcare management strategies. The progress of nanomedicine in cancer treatment has confirmed the findings of immunotherapy in the medical research phase. This study concentrates on approaches connected to the efficacy of nanoimmunoengineering strategies for cancer immunotherapies and their applications. By assessing improved approaches, different aspects of the nanoimmunoengineering strategies for cancer therapies are discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robabehbeygom Ghafelehbashi
- Department of Materials and Textile Engineering, College of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Melina Farshbafnadi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahin Amiri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Salehi
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran. .,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Nanoparticle-based modulation of CD4 + T cell effector and helper functions enhances adoptive immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6086. [PMID: 36241639 PMCID: PMC9568616 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helper (CD4+) T cells perform direct therapeutic functions and augment responses of cells such as cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells against a wide variety of diseases and pathogens. Nevertheless, inefficient synthetic technologies for expansion of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells hinders consistency and scalability of CD4+ T cell-based therapies, and complicates mechanistic studies. Here we describe a nanoparticle platform for ex vivo CD4+ T cell culture that mimics antigen presenting cells (APC) through display of major histocompatibility class II (MHC II) molecules. When combined with soluble co-stimulation signals, MHC II artificial APCs (aAPCs) expand cognate murine CD4+ T cells, including rare endogenous subsets, to induce potent effector functions in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, MHC II aAPCs provide help signals that enhance antitumor function of aAPC-activated CD8+ T cells in a mouse tumor model. Lastly, human leukocyte antigen class II-based aAPCs expand rare subsets of functional, antigen-specific human CD4+ T cells. Overall, MHC II aAPCs provide a promising approach for harnessing targeted CD4+ T cell responses.
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15
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Highly tailorable gellan gum nanoparticles as a platform for the development of T cell activator systems. Biomater Res 2022; 26:48. [PMID: 36180901 PMCID: PMC9523970 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cell priming has been shown to be a powerful immunotherapeutic approach for cancer treatment in terms of efficacy and relatively weak side effects. Systems that optimize the stimulation of T cells to improve therapeutic efficacy are therefore in constant demand. A way to achieve this is through artificial antigen presenting cells that are complexes between vehicles and key molecules that target relevant T cell subpopulations, eliciting antigen-specific T cell priming. In such T cell activator systems, the vehicles chosen to deliver and present the key molecules to the targeted cell populations are of extreme importance. In this work, a new platform for the creation of T cell activator systems based on highly tailorable nanoparticles made from the natural polymer gellan gum (GG) was developed and validated. Methods GG nanoparticles were produced by a water in oil emulsion procedure, and characterized by dynamic light scattering, high resolution scanning electronic microscopy and water uptake. Their biocompatibility with cultured cells was assessed by a metabolic activity assay. Surface functionalization was performed with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies via EDC/NHS or NeutrAvidin/Biotin linkage. Functionalized particles were tested for their capacity to stimulate CD4+ T cells and trigger T cell cytotoxic responses. Results Nanoparticles were approximately 150 nm in size, with a stable structure and no detectable cytotoxicity. Water uptake originated a weight gain of up to 3200%. The functional antibodies did efficiently bind to the nanoparticles, as confirmed by SDS-PAGE, which then targeted the desired CD4+ populations, as confirmed by confocal microscopy. The developed system presented a more sustained T cell activation over time when compared to commercial alternatives. Concurrently, the expression of higher levels of key cytotoxic pathway molecules granzyme B/perforin was induced, suggesting a greater cytotoxic potential for future application in adoptive cancer therapy. Conclusions Our results show that GG nanoparticles were successfully used as a highly tailorable T cell activator system platform capable of T cell expansion and re-education. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40824-022-00297-z.
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16
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Wauters A, Scheerstra JF, Vermeijlen IG, Hammink R, Schluck M, Woythe L, Wu H, Albertazzi L, Figdor CG, Tel J, Abdelmohsen LKEA, van Hest JCM. Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cell Topology Dictates T Cell Activation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15072-15085. [PMID: 35969506 PMCID: PMC9527792 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs), synthetic immune cell mimics that aim to activate T cells ex or in vivo, offer an effective alternative to cellular immunotherapies. However, comprehensive studies that delineate the effect of nano-aAPC topology, including nanoparticle morphology and ligand density, are lacking. Here, we systematically studied the topological effects of polymersome-based aAPCs on T cell activation. We employed an aAPC library created from biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(d,l-lactide) (PEG-PDLLA) polymersomes with spherical or tubular shape and variable sizes, which were functionalized with αCD3 and αCD28 antibodies at controlled densities. Our results indicate that high ligand density leads to enhancement in T cell activation, which can be further augmented by employing polymersomes with larger size. At low ligand density, the effect of both polymersome shape and size was more pronounced, showing that large elongated polymersomes better activate T cells compared to their spherical or smaller counterparts. This study demonstrates the capacity of polymersomes as aAPCs and highlights the role of topology for their rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies
C. Wauters
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division
of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud
University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jari F. Scheerstra
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Irma G. Vermeijlen
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Hammink
- Department
of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division
of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud
University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Schluck
- Department
of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division
of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud
University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Woythe
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems
(ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hanglong Wu
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems
(ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Carl G. Figdor
- Department
of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division
of Immunotherapy, Oncode Institute, Radboud
University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Tel
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems
(ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Loai K. E. A. Abdelmohsen
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. M. van Hest
- Bio-Organic
Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Ma X, Li SJ, Liu Y, Zhang T, Xue P, Kang Y, Sun ZJ, Xu Z. Bioengineered nanogels for cancer immunotherapy. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5136-5174. [PMID: 35666131 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00247g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed increasingly rapid advances in nanocarrier-based biomedicine aimed at improving treatment paradigms for cancer. Nanogels serve as multipurpose and constructed vectors formed via intramolecular cross-linking to generate drug delivery systems, which is attributed predominantly to their satisfactory biocompatibility, bio-responsiveness, high stability, and low toxicity. Recently, immunotherapy has experienced unprecedented growth and has become the preferred strategy for cancer treatment, and mainly involves the mobilisation of the immune system and an enhanced anti-tumour immunity of the tumour microenvironment. Despite the inspiring success, immunotherapeutic strategies are limited due to the low response rates and immune-related adverse events. Like other nanomedicines, nanogels are comparably limited by lower focal enrichment rates upon introduction into the organism via injection. Because nanogels are three-dimensional cross-linked aqueous materials that exhibit similar properties to natural tissues and are structurally stable, they can comfortably cope with shear forces and serum proteins in the bloodstream, and the longer circulation life increases the chance of nanogel accumulation in the tumour, conferring deep tumour penetration. The large specific surface area can reduce or eliminate off-target effects by introducing stimuli-responsive functional groups, allowing multiple physical and chemical modifications for specific purposes to improve targeting to specific immune cell subpopulations or immune organs, increasing the bioavailability of the drug, and conferring a low immune-related adverse events on nanogel therapies. The slow release upon reaching the tumour site facilitates long-term awakening of the host's immune system, ultimately achieving enhanced therapeutic effects. As an effective candidate for cancer immunotherapy, nanogel-based immunotherapy has been widely used. In this review, we mainly summarize the recent advances of nanogel-based immunotherapy to deliver immunomodulatory small molecule drugs, antibodies, genes and cytokines, to target antigen presenting cells, form cancer vaccines, and enable chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. Future challenges as well as expected and feasible prospects for clinical treatment are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Shu-Jin Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yuantong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Peng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yuejun Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Zhigang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Li SR, Huo FY, Wang HQ, Wang J, Xu C, Liu B, Bu LL. Recent advances in porous nanomaterials-based drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:277. [PMID: 35701847 PMCID: PMC9195345 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a novel therapeutic regimen because of the specificity and durability of immune modulations to treat cancers. Current cancer immunotherapy is limited by some barriers such as poor response rate, low tumor specificity and systemic toxicities. Porous nanomaterials (PNMs) possess high loading capacity and tunable porosity, receiving intense attention in cancer immunotherapy. Recently, novel PNMs based drug delivery systems have been employed in antitumor immunotherapy to enhance tissue or organ targeting and reduce immune-related adverse events. Herein, we summarize the recent progress of PNMs including inorganic, organic, and organic–inorganic hybrid ones for cancer immunotherapy. The design of PNMs and their performance in cancer immunotherapy are discussed in detail, with a focus on how those designs can address the challenges in current conventional immunotherapy. Lastly, we present future directions of PNMs for cancer immunotherapy including the challenges and research gaps, providing new insights about the design of PNMs for efficient cancer immunotherapy with better performance as powerful weapons against tumors. Finally, we discussed the relevant challenges that urgently need to be addressed in clinical practice, coupled with corresponding solutions to these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ran Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fang-Yi Huo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Han-Qi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Bing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China. .,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China. .,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
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Nadukkandy AS, Ganjoo E, Singh A, Dinesh Kumar L. Tracing New Landscapes in the Arena of Nanoparticle-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.911063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, unique and comprehensive cancer treatment has ushered new hope in the holistic management of the disease. Cancer immunotherapy, which harnesses the immune system of the patient to attack the cancer cells in a targeted manner, scores over others by being less debilitating compared to the existing treatment strategies. Significant advancements in the knowledge of immune surveillance in the last few decades have led to the development of several types of immune therapy like monoclonal antibodies, cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, T-cell transfer therapy or adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and immune system modulators. Intensive research has established cancer immunotherapy to be a safe and effective method for improving survival and the quality of a patient’s life. However, numerous issues with respect to site-specific delivery, resistance to immunotherapy, and escape of cancer cells from immune responses, need to be addressed for expanding and utilizing this therapy as a regular mode in the clinical treatment. Development in the field of nanotechnology has augmented the therapeutic efficiency of treatment modalities of immunotherapy. Nanocarriers could be used as vehicles because of their advantages such as increased surface areas, targeted delivery, controlled surface and release chemistry, enhanced permeation and retention effect, etc. They could enhance the function of immune cells by incorporating immunomodulatory agents that influence the tumor microenvironment, thus enabling antitumor immunity. Robust validation of the combined effect of nanotechnology and immunotherapy techniques in the clinics has paved the way for a better treatment option for cancer than the already existing procedures such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this review, we discuss the current applications of nanoparticles in the development of ‘smart’ cancer immunotherapeutic agents like ACT, cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, their site-specific delivery, and modulation of other endogenous immune cells. We also highlight the immense possibilities of using nanotechnology to accomplish leveraging the coordinated and adaptive immune system of a patient to tackle the complexity of treating unique disease conditions and provide future prospects in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
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20
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Sun L, Shen F, Xiong Z, Yang H, Dong Z, Xiang J, Gu Q, Ji Q, Fan C, Liu Z. DNA Engineered Lymphocyte-Based Homologous Targeting Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells for Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7634-7645. [PMID: 35438987 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) constructed by integrating T cell activation ligands on biocompatible materials hold great potential in tumor immunotherapy. However, it remains challenging to develop aAPCs, which could mimic the characteristics of natural APCs, thereby realizing antigen-specific T cells activation in vivo. Here, we report the first effort to construct natural lymphocyte-based homologous targeting aAPCs (LC-aAPCs) with lipid-DNA-mediated noninvasive live cell surface engineering. Through a predesigned bottom-up self-assembly path, we achieved natural-APC-mimicking distribution of T cell activation ligands on LC-aAPCs, which would enable the optimized T cell activation. Moreover, the lipid-DNA-mediated self-assembly occurring on lipid bilayers would not affect the functions of homing receptors expressed on lymphocyte. Therefore, such LC-aAPCs could actively migrate to peripheral lymphatic organs and then effectively activate antigen-specific T cells. Combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, such LC-aAPCs could effectively inhibit the growth of different tumor models. Thus, our work provides a new design of aAPCs for in vivo applications in tumor immunotherapy, and the lipid-DNA-mediated noninvasive live cell surface engineering would be a powerful tool for designing cell-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengyun Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zijian Xiong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - He Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziliang Dong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Xiang
- WuXi AppTec (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., 1336 Wuzhong Avenue, Wuzhong District, Suzhou 215104, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyang Gu
- WuXi AppTec (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., 1336 Wuzhong Avenue, Wuzhong District, Suzhou 215104, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qunsheng Ji
- WuXi AppTec (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., 1336 Wuzhong Avenue, Wuzhong District, Suzhou 215104, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Natl Ctr Translat Med, Frontiers Sci Ctr Transformat Mol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Bulte JWM, Shakeri-Zadeh A. In Vivo MRI Tracking of Tumor Vaccination and Antigen Presentation by Dendritic Cells. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:198-207. [PMID: 34581954 PMCID: PMC8477715 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccination using tumor antigen-primed dendritic cells (DCs) was introduced in the clinic some 25 years ago, but the overall outcome has not lived up to initial expectations. In addition to the complexity of the immune response, there are many factors that determine the efficacy of DC therapy. These include accurate administration of DCs in the target tissue site without unwanted cell dispersion/backflow, sufficient numbers of tumor antigen-primed DCs homing to lymph nodes (LNs), and proper timing of immunoadjuvant administration. To address these uncertainties, proton (1H) and fluorine (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tracking of ex vivo pre-labeled DCs can now be used to non-invasively determine the accuracy of therapeutic DC injection, initial DC dispersion, systemic DC distribution, and DC migration to and within LNs. Magnetovaccination is an alternative approach that tracks in vivo labeled DCs that simultaneously capture tumor antigen and MR contrast agent in situ, enabling an accurate quantification of antigen presentation to T cells in LNs. The ultimate clinical premise of MRI DC tracking would be to use changes in LN MRI signal as an early imaging biomarker to predict the efficacy of tumor vaccination and anti-tumor response long before treatment outcome becomes apparent, which may aid clinicians with interim treatment management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff W M Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MRB 659, 733 N. Broadway, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA.
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MRB 659, 733 N. Broadway, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA.
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Ali Shakeri-Zadeh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MRB 659, 733 N. Broadway, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MRB 659, 733 N. Broadway, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA
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22
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Xue Y, Che J, Ji X, Li Y, Xie J, Chen X. Recent advances in biomaterial-boosted adoptive cell therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1766-1794. [PMID: 35170589 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00786f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapies based on the transfer of functional immune cells hold great promise in treating a wide range of malignant diseases, especially cancers, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. However, manufacturing issues and biological barriers lead to the insufficient population of target-selective effector cells at diseased sites after adoptive transfer, hindering effective clinical translation. The convergence of immunology, cellular biology, and materials science lays a foundation for developing biomaterial-based engineering platforms to overcome these challenges. Biomaterials can be rationally designed to improve ex vivo immune cell expansion, expedite functional engineering, facilitate protective delivery of immune cells in situ, and navigate the infused cells in vivo. Herein, this review presents a comprehensive summary of the latest progress in biomaterial-based strategies to enhance the efficacy of adoptive cell therapy, focusing on function-specific biomaterial design, and also discusses the challenges and prospects of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonger Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China. .,Center for BioDelivery Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.,Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Junyi Che
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xuemei Ji
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yunuo Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Jinbing Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China. .,Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore. .,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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23
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Sahoo A, Mukherjee D, Mahata D, Mukherjee G. Peptide–MHC complexes: dressing up to manipulate T cells against autoimmunity and cancer. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:337-350. [PMID: 35152723 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specificity of T cells provides important clues to the pathogenesis of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases and immune-evasion strategies of tumors. Identification of T cell clones involved in autoimmunity or cancer is achieved with soluble peptide–MHC (pMHC) complex multimers. Importantly, these complexes can also be used to manipulate disease-relevant T cells to restore homeostasis of T cell-mediated immune response. While auto-antigen-specific T cells can be deleted or anergized by T cell receptor engagement with cognate pMHC complexes in the absence of costimulation, integration of these complexes in artificial antigen-presenting systems can activate tumor antigen-specific T cells. Here the authors discuss the advancements in pMHC-complex-mediated immunotherapeutic strategies in autoimmunity and cancer and identify the lacunae in these strategies that need to be addressed to facilitate clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Sahoo
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Debangshu Mukherjee
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Dhrubajyoti Mahata
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Gayatri Mukherjee
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
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24
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Han B, Song Y, Park J, Doh J. Nanomaterials to improve cancer immunotherapy based on ex vivo engineered T cells and NK cells. J Control Release 2022; 343:379-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Wang S, Xu J, Li W, Sun S, Gao S, Hou Y. Magnetic Nanostructures: Rational Design and Fabrication Strategies toward Diverse Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5411-5475. [PMID: 35014799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the continuous development of magnetic nanostructures (MNSs) has tremendously promoted both fundamental scientific research and technological applications. Different from the bulk magnet, the systematic engineering on MNSs has brought a great breakthrough in some emerging fields such as the construction of MNSs, the magnetism exploration of multidimensional MNSs, and their potential translational applications. In this review, we give a detailed description of the synthetic strategies of MNSs based on the fundamental features and application potential of MNSs and discuss the recent progress of MNSs in the fields of nanomedicines, advanced nanobiotechnology, catalysis, and electromagnetic wave adsorption (EMWA), aiming to provide guidance for fabrication strategies of MNSs toward diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuren Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Institute of Spin-X Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Yanglong Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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26
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Wu S, Xia Y, Hu Y, Ma G. Bio-mimic particles for the enhanced vaccinations: Lessons learnt from the natural traits and pathogenic invasion. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113871. [PMID: 34311014 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the combat against pathogens, the immune systems were evolved with the immune recognitions against the various danger signals, which responded vigorously upon the pathogen invasions and elicited potent antibodies or T cell engagement against the re-infections. Envisage with the prevailing pandemics and increasing demands for cancer vaccines, bio-mimic particles were developed to imitate the natural traits of the pathogens, which conferred the optimal strategies to stimulate the immune engagement and let to the increased vaccine efficacy. Here, the recent development in bio-mimic particles, as well as the natural cues from the pathogens were discussed. As such, the designing principles that adapted from the physiochemical properties of the pathogens were unfolded as the surface characteristics (hydrophobic, nano-pattern, antigen display, charge), properties (size, shape, softness) and the delivered components (peptide, protein, nuclear acids, toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist, antibody). Additionally, the strategies for the efficient delivery, regarding the biodistribution, internalization and presentation of the antigens were also illustrated. Through reviewing the state-of-art in biomimetic particles, the lesson learnt from the natural traits and pathogenic invasion may shed light on the rational design for the enhanced vaccinations.
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27
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Est-Witte SE, Livingston NK, Omotoso MO, Green JJ, Schneck JP. Nanoparticles for generating antigen-specific T cells for immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 2021; 56:101541. [PMID: 34922816 PMCID: PMC8900015 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
T cell therapy shows promise as an immunotherapy in both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive applications. However, the forms of T cell-based therapy that are currently in the clinic, such as adoptive cell transfer and vaccines, are limited by cost, time-to-treatment, and patient variability. Nanoparticles offer a modular, universal platform to improve the efficacy of various T cell therapies as nanoparticle properties can be easily modified for enhanced cell targeting, organ targeting, and cell internalization. Nanoparticles can enhance or even replace endogenous cells during each step of generating an antigen-specific T cell response - from antigen presentation and T cell activation to T cell maintenance. In this review, we discuss the unique applications of nanoparticles for antigen-specific T cell therapy, focusing on nanoparticles as vaccines (to activate endogenous antigen presenting cells (APCs)), as artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (aAPCs, to directly activate T cells), and as drug delivery vehicles (to support activated T cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah E Est-Witte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Natalie K Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mary O Omotoso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology, Oncology, Neurosurgery, Materials Science & Engineering, and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, and The Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Jonathan P Schneck
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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28
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Dahotre SN, Romanov AM, Su FY, Kwong GA. Synthetic Antigen-Presenting Cells for Adoptive T Cell Therapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4:2100034. [PMID: 34541300 PMCID: PMC8447293 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapies are transforming the treatment of solid and liquid tumors, yet their widespread adoption is limited in part by the challenge of generating functional cells. T cell activation and expansion using conventional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is unreliable due to the variable quality of donor-derived APCs. As a result, engineered approaches using nanomaterials presenting T cell activation signals are a promising alternative due to their ability to be robustly manufactured with precise control over stimulation cues. In this work, we design synthetic APCs that consist of liposomes surface-functionalized with peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC). Synthetic APCs selectively target and activate antigen-specific T cell populations to levels similar to conventional protocols using non-specific αCD3 and αCD28 antibodies without the need for costimulation signals. T cells treated with synthetic APCs produce effector cytokines and demonstrate cytotoxic activity when co-cultured with tumor cells presenting target antigen in vitro. Following adoptive transfer into tumor-bearing mice, activated cells control tumor growth and improve overall survival compared to untreated mice. Synthetic APCs could potentially be used in the future to improve the accessibility of adoptive T cell therapies by removing the need for conventional APCs during manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas N Dahotre
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Anna M Romanov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Fang-Yi Su
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Gabriel A Kwong
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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29
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Overview of Cellular Immunotherapies within Transfusion Medicine for the Treatment of Malignant Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105120. [PMID: 34066067 PMCID: PMC8151282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, transfusion medicine has developed into a broad, multidisciplinary field that covers different clinical patient services such as apheresis technology and the development of stem cell transplantation. Recently, the discipline has found a niche in development and production of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) for immunotherapy and regenerative medicine purposes. In clinical trials, cell-based immunotherapies have shown encouraging results in the treatment of multiple cancers and autoimmune diseases. However, there are many parameters such as safety, a high level of specificity, and long-lasting efficacy that still need to be optimized to maximize the potential of cell-based immunotherapies. Thus, only a few have gained FDA approval, while the majority of them are studied in the context of investigator-initiated trials (IITs), where modern, academically oriented transfusion centers can play an important role. In this review, we summarize existing and contemporary cellular immunotherapies, which are already a part of modern transfusion medicine or are likely to become so in the future.
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30
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Zheng C, Zhang J, Chan HF, Hu H, Lv S, Na N, Tao Y, Li M. Engineering Nano-Therapeutics to Boost Adoptive Cell Therapy for Cancer Treatment. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001191. [PMID: 34928094 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although adoptive transfer of therapeutic cells to cancer patients is demonstrated with great success and fortunately approved for the treatment of leukemia and B-cell lymphoma, potential issues, including the unclear mechanism, complicated procedures, unfavorable therapeutic efficacy for solid tumors, and side effects, still hinder its extensive applications. The explosion of nanotechnology recently has led to advanced development of novel strategies to address these challenges, facilitating the design of nano-therapeutics to improve adoptive cell therapy (ACT) for cancer treatment. In this review, the emerging nano-enabled approaches, that design multiscale artificial antigen-presenting cells for cell proliferation and stimulation in vitro, promote the transducing efficiency of tumor-targeting domains, engineer therapeutic cells for in vivo imaging, tumor infiltration, and in vivo functional sustainability, as well as generate tumoricidal T cells in vivo, are summarized. Meanwhile, the current challenges and future perspectives of the nanostrategy-based ACT for cancer treatment are also discussed in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiong Zheng
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hon Fai Chan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hanze Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Shixian Lv
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ning Na
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, Guangzhou, 510630, China
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Campbell EA, Ramirez K, Holegadde M, Yeshlur N, Khaja A, Sulchek TA. Tuning Antibody Presentation to Enhance T-Cell Activation for Downstream Cytotoxicity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4783-4792. [PMID: 33848167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic effector cells are an integral component of the immune response against pathogens and diseases such as cancer and thus of great interest to researchers who wish to enhance the native immune response. Although researchers routinely use particles to stimulate cytotoxic T cells, few studies have comprehensively investigated: (1) beyond initial activation responses (i.e., proliferation and CD25/CD69 expression) to downstream cancer-killing effects and (2) how to drive cytotoxic T-cell responses by adjusting biomolecular and physical properties of particles. In this study, we designed particles displaying an anti-CD3 antibody to activate cytotoxic T cells and study their downstream cytotoxic effects. We evaluated the effect of antibody immobilization, particle size, molecular surface density of an anti-CD3 antibody, and the inclusion of an anti-CD28 antibody on cytolytic granule release by T cells. We found that immobilizing the anti-CD3 antibody onto smaller nanoparticles elicited increased T-cell activation products for an equivalent delivery of the anti-CD3 antibody. We further established that the mechanism behind increased cancer cell death was associated with the proximity of T cells to cancer cells. Functionalizing particles additionally with the anti-CD28 antibody at an optimized antibody density caused increased T-cell proliferation and T-cell binding but we observed no effective increase in cytotoxicity. Meaningfully, our results are discussed within the context of commercially available and widely used anti-CD3/28 Dynabeads. These results showed that T-cell activation and cytotoxicity can be optimized with a molecular presentation on smaller particles and thus, offer exciting new possibilities to engineer T-cell activation responses for effective outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Campbell
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Katily Ramirez
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Meghana Holegadde
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Nayana Yeshlur
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Akram Khaja
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Todd A Sulchek
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30313, United States
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32
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Jahromi LP, Shahbazi M, Maleki A, Azadi A, Santos HA. Chemically Engineered Immune Cell-Derived Microrobots and Biomimetic Nanoparticles: Emerging Biodiagnostic and Therapeutic Tools. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002499. [PMID: 33898169 PMCID: PMC8061401 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, considerable attention has been dedicated to the exploitation of diverse immune cells as therapeutic and/or diagnostic cell-based microrobots for hard-to-treat disorders. To date, a plethora of therapeutics based on alive immune cells, surface-engineered immune cells, immunocytes' cell membranes, leukocyte-derived extracellular vesicles or exosomes, and artificial immune cells have been investigated and a few have been introduced into the market. These systems take advantage of the unique characteristics and functions of immune cells, including their presence in circulating blood and various tissues, complex crosstalk properties, high affinity to different self and foreign markers, unique potential of their on-demand navigation and activity, production of a variety of chemokines/cytokines, as well as being cytotoxic in particular conditions. Here, the latest progress in the development of engineered therapeutics and diagnostics inspired by immune cells to ameliorate cancer, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular complications, and infectious diseases is reviewed, and finally, the perspective for their clinical application is delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Pourtalebi Jahromi
- Drug Research ProgramDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFI‐00014Finland
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz71468‐64685Iran
- Present address:
Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research SaarlandHelmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBiogenic Nanotherapeutics GroupCampus E8.1Saarbrücken66123Germany
| | - Mohammad‐Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research ProgramDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFI‐00014Finland
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC)Zanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjan45139‐56184Iran
| | - Aziz Maleki
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC)Zanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjan45139‐56184Iran
| | - Amir Azadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz71468‐64685Iran
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyShiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz71468‐64685Iran
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Drug Research ProgramDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFI‐00014Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFI‐00014Finland
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Balakrishnan PB, Sweeney EE. Nanoparticles for Enhanced Adoptive T Cell Therapies and Future Perspectives for CNS Tumors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:600659. [PMID: 33833751 PMCID: PMC8021848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.600659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy has emerged as a revolutionary immunotherapy for treating cancer. Despite immense promise and clinical success in some hematologic malignancies, limitations remain that thwart its efficacy in solid tumors. Particularly in tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), T cell therapy is often restricted by the difficulty in intratumoral delivery across anatomical niches, suboptimal T cell specificity or activation, and intratumoral T cell dysfunction due to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Nanoparticles may offer several advantages to overcome these limitations of T cell therapy, as they can be designed to robustly and specifically activate T cells ex vivo prior to adoptive transfer, to encapsulate T cell stimulating agents for co-localized stimulation, and to be conjugated onto T cells for added functionality. This perspective highlights recent preclinical advances in using nanoparticles to enhance T cell therapy, and discusses the potential applicability and constraints of nanoparticle-enhanced T cells as a new platform for treating CNS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Bala Balakrishnan
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Elizabeth E Sweeney
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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Andraos C, Gulumian M. Intracellular and extracellular targets as mechanisms of cancer therapy by nanomaterials in relation to their physicochemical properties. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1680. [PMID: 33111484 PMCID: PMC7988657 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer nanomedicine has evolved in recent years and is only expected to increase due to the ease with which nanomaterials (NMs) may be manipulated to the advantage of the cancer patient. The success of nanomedicine is dependent on the cell death mechanism, which in turn is dependent on the organelle initially targeted. The success of cancer nanomedicine is also dependent on other cellular mechanisms such as the induction of autophagy dysfunction, manipulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and secretome or induction of host immune responses. Current cancer phototherapies for example, photothermal- or photodynamic therapies as well as radio enhancement also form a major part of cancer nanomedicine. In general, cancer nanomedicine may be grouped into those NMs exhibiting inherent anti-cancer properties that is, self-therapeutic NMs (Group 1), NMs leading to localization of phototherapies or radio-enhancement (Group 2), and NMs as nanocarriers in the absence or presence of external radiation (Group 3). The recent advances of these three groups, together with their advantages and disadvantages as well as their cellular mechanisms and ultimate outcomes are summarized in this review. By exploiting these different intracellular mechanisms involved in initiating cell death pathways, it is possible to synthesize NMs that may have the desirable characteristics to maximize their efficacy in cancer therapy. Therefore, a summary of these important physicochemical characteristics is also presented that need to be considered for optimal cancer cell targeting and initiation of mechanisms that will lead to cancerous cell death. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Andraos
- Toxicology DepartmentNational Institute for Occupational HealthJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Mary Gulumian
- Toxicology DepartmentNational Institute for Occupational HealthJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine DepartmentUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
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35
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Wang S, Sun Z, Hou Y. Engineering Nanoparticles toward the Modulation of Emerging Cancer Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2000845. [PMID: 32790039 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a new therapeutic strategy to fight cancer by activating the patients' own immune system. At present, immunotherapy approaches such as cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), adoptive cell transfer (ACT), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) therapy, and cytokines therapy have therapeutic potential in preclinical and clinical applications. However, the intrinsic limitations of conventional immunotherapy are difficulty of precise dosage control, insufficient enrichment in tumor tissues, partial immune response silencing or hyperactivity, and high cost. Engineering nanoparticles (NPs) have been emerging as a promising multifunctional platform to enhance conventional immunotherapy due to their intrinsic immunogenicity, convenient delivery function, controlled surface chemistry activity, multifunctional modifying potential, and intelligent targeting. This review presents the recent progress reflected by engineering NPs, including the diversified selection of functionalized NPs, the superiority of engineering NPs for enhancing conventional immunotherapy, and NP-mediated multiscale strategies for synergistic therapy consisting of compositions and their mechanism. Finally, the perspective on multifunctional NP-based cancer immunotherapy for boosting immunomodulation is discussed, which reveals the expanding landscape of engineering NPs in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuren Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- College of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yanglong Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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36
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Rhodes KR, Isser A, Hickey JW, Ben-Akiva E, Meyer RA, Kosmides AK, Livingston NK, Tzeng SY, Schneck JP, Green JJ. Biodegradable Cationic Polymer Blends for Fabrication of Enhanced Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells to Treat Melanoma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7913-7923. [PMID: 33573372 PMCID: PMC8034558 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic biomaterials are being actively explored in the context of cancer immunotherapy because of their ability to directly engage the immune system to generate antitumor responses. Unlike cellular therapies, biomaterial-based immunotherapies can be precisely engineered to exhibit defined characteristics including biodegradability, physical size, and tuned surface presentation of immunomodulatory signals. In particular, modulating the interface between the biomaterial surface and the target biological cell is key to enabling biological functions. Synthetic artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) are promising as a cancer immunotherapy but are limited in clinical translation by the requirement of ex vivo cell manipulation and adoptive transfer of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. To move toward acellular aAPC technology for in vivo use, we combine poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and cationic poly(beta-amino-ester) (PBAE) to form a biodegradable blend based on the hypothesis that therapeutic aAPCs fabricated from a cationic blend may have improved functions. PLGA/PBAE aAPCs demonstrate enhanced surface interactions with antigen-specific CD8+ T cells that increase T cell activation and expansion ex vivo, associated with significantly increased conjugation efficiency of T cell stimulatory signals to the aAPCs. Critically, these PLGA/PBAE aAPCs also expand antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in vivo without the need of adoptive transfer. Treatment with PLGA/PBAE aAPCs in combination with checkpoint therapy decreases tumor growth and extends survival in a B16-F10 melanoma mouse model. These results demonstrate the potential of PLGA/PBAE aAPCs as a biocompatible, directly injectable acellular therapy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R. Rhodes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Ariel Isser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - John W. Hickey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Elana Ben-Akiva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Randall A. Meyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Alyssa K. Kosmides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Natalie K. Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Stephany Y. Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Schneck
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: (J.P. Schneck) and (J.J. Green)
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: (J.P. Schneck) and (J.J. Green)
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37
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Nanomaterials for Protein Delivery in Anticancer Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020155. [PMID: 33503889 PMCID: PMC7910976 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology platforms, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, and micelles have been studied extensively for various drug deliveries, to treat or prevent diseases by modulating physiological or pathological processes. The delivery drug molecules range from traditional small molecules to recently developed biologics, such as proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids. Among them, proteins have shown a series of advantages and potential in various therapeutic applications, such as introducing therapeutic proteins due to genetic defects, or used as nanocarriers for anticancer agents to decelerate tumor growth or control metastasis. This review discusses the existing nanoparticle delivery systems, introducing design strategies, advantages of using each system, and possible limitations. Moreover, we will examine the intracellular delivery of different protein therapeutics, such as antibodies, antigens, and gene editing proteins into the host cells to achieve anticancer effects and cancer vaccines. Finally, we explore the current applications of protein delivery in anticancer treatments.
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38
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Suarez L, Wang R, Carmer S, Bednarik D, Myint H, Jones K, Oelke M. AIM Platform: A Novel Nano Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cell-Based Clinical System Designed to Consistently Produce Multi-Antigen-Specific T-Cell Products with Potent and Durable Anti-Tumor Properties. Transfus Med Hemother 2021; 47:464-471. [PMID: 33442341 DOI: 10.1159/000512788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, tremendous progress has been made in the field of adoptive cell therapy. The two prevailing modalities include endogenous non-engineered approaches and genetically engineered T-cell approaches. Endogenous non-engineered approaches include dendritic cell-based systems and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) that are used to produce multi-antigen-specific T-cell products. Genetically engineered approaches, such as T-cell receptor engineered cells and chimeric antigen receptor T cells are used to produce single antigen-specific T-cell products. It is noted by the authors that there are alternative methods to sort for antigen-specific T cells such as peptide multimer sorting or cytokine secretion assay-based sorting, both of which are potentially challenging for broad development and commercialization. In this review, we are focusing on a novel nanoparticle technology that generates a non-engineered product from the endogenous T-cell repertoire. The most common approaches for ex vivo activation and expansion of endogenous, non-genetically engineered cell therapy products rely on dendritic cell-based systems or IL-2 expanded TIL. Hurdles remain in developing efficient, consistent, controlled processes; thus, these processes still have limited access to broad patient populations. Here, we describe a novel approach to produce cellular therapies at clinical scale, using proprietary nanoparticles combined with a proprietary manufacturing process to enrich and expand antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell products with consistent purity, identity, and composition required for effective and durable anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Han Myint
- NexImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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39
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Cancer Immunotherapy Strategies: Basic Principles. Bioanalysis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78338-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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40
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Cheng H, Tsao H, Chiang C, Chen S. Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticle-Mediated Cancer Immune-Theranostics. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001451. [PMID: 33135398 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a cutting-edge strategy that eliminates cancer cells by amplifying the host's immune system. However, the low response rate and risks of inducing systemic toxicity have raised uncertainty in the treatment. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a versatile theranostic tool can be used to target delivery of multiple immunotherapeutics and monitor cell/tissue responses. These capabilities enable the real-time characterization of the factors that contribute to immunoactivity so that future treatments can be optimized. The magnetic properties of MNPs further allow the implementation of magnetic navigation and magnetic hyperthermia for boosting the efficacy of immunotherapy. The multimodal approach opens an avenue to induce robust immune responses, minimize safety issues, and monitor immune activities simultaneously. Thus, the object of this review is to provide an overview of the burgeoning fields and to highlight novel technologies for next-generation immunotherapy. The review further correlates the properties of MNPs with the latest treatment strategies to explore the crosstalk between magnetic nanomaterials and the immune system. This comprehensive review of MNP-derived immunotherapy covers the obstacles and opportunities for future development and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung‐Wei Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Yi Tsao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Sheng Chiang
- Cell Therapy Center China Medical University Hospital Taichung 40421 Taiwan
| | - San‐Yuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
- Frontier Research Centre on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
- School of Dentistry College of Dental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807378 Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science China Medical University Taichung 40421 Taiwan
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41
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Isser A, Livingston NK, Schneck JP. Biomaterials to enhance antigen-specific T cell expansion for cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2021; 268:120584. [PMID: 33338931 PMCID: PMC7856270 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
T cells are often referred to as the 'guided missiles' of our immune system because of their capacity to traffic to and accumulate at sites of infection or disease, destroy infected or mutated cells with high specificity and sensitivity, initiate systemic immune responses, sterilize infections, and produce long-lasting memory. As a result, they are a common target for a range of cancer immunotherapies. However, the myriad of challenges of expanding large numbers of T cells specific to each patient's unique tumor antigens has led researchers to develop alternative, more scalable approaches. Biomaterial platforms for expansion of antigen-specific T cells offer a path forward towards broadscale translation of personalized immunotherapies by providing "off-the-shelf", yet modular approaches to customize the phenotype, function, and specificity of T cell responses. In this review, we discuss design considerations and progress made in the development of ex vivo and in vivo technologies for activating antigen-specific T cells, including artificial antigen presenting cells, T cell stimulating scaffolds, biomaterials-based vaccines, and artificial lymphoid organs. Ultimate translation of these platforms as a part of cancer immunotherapy regimens hinges on an in-depth understanding of T cell biology and cell-material interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Isser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Natalie K Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, USA
| | - Jonathan P Schneck
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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42
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Engineering advanced dynamic biomaterials to optimize adoptive T-cell immunotherapy. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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43
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Nanoparticle Systems Applied for Immunotherapy in Various Treatment Modalities. Bioanalysis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78338-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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44
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Li W, Peng A, Wu H, Quan Y, Li Y, Lu L, Cui M. Anti-Cancer Nanomedicines: A Revolution of Tumor Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:601497. [PMID: 33408716 PMCID: PMC7779686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.601497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have been accelerating the development of anti-cancer clinical treatment, but its low objective responses and severe off-target immune-related adverse events (irAEs) limit the range of application. Strategies to remove these obstacles primarily focus on the combination of different therapies and the exploitation of new immunotherapeutic agents. Nanomedicine potentiates the effects of activating immune cells selectively and reversing tumor induced immune deficiency microenvironment through multiple mechanisms. In the last decade, a variety of nano-enabled tumor immunotherapies was under clinical investigation. As time goes by, the advantages of nanomedicine are increasingly prominent. With the continuous development of nanotechnology, nanomedicine will offer more distinctive perspectives in imaging diagnosis and treatment of tumors. In this Review, we wish to provide an overview of tumor immunotherapy and the mechanisms of nanomaterials that aim to enhance the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy under development or in clinic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Anghui Peng
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Huajun Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yingyao Quan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yong Li
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
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Sui X, Jin T, Liu T, Wu S, Wu Y, Tang Z, Ren Y, Ni D, Yao Z, Zhang H. Tumor Immune Microenvironments (TIMEs): Responsive Nanoplatforms for Antitumor Immunotherapy. Front Chem 2020; 8:804. [PMID: 33094098 PMCID: PMC7508192 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in cancer immunotherapy has rapidly risen since it offers many advantages over traditional approaches, such as high efficiency and prevention of metastasis. Efforts have primarily focused on two major strategies for regulating the body's antitumor immune response mechanisms: “enhanced immunotherapy” that aims to amplify the immune activation, and “normalized immunotherapy” that corrects the defective immune mechanism in the tumor immune microenvironments (TIMEs), which returns to the normal immune trajectory. However, due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the TIMEs, and lack of visualization research on the immunotherapy process, cancer immunotherapy has not been widely used in clinical setting. Recently, through the design and modification of nanomaterials, intelligent TIME-responsive nanoplatforms were developed from which encouraging results in many aspects of immunotherapy have been achieved. In this mini review, the status of designed nanomaterials for nanoplatform-based immune regulation of TIMEs has been emphasized, particularly with respect to the aforementioned approaches. It is envisaged that future prospects will focus on a combination of multiple immunotherapies for more efficient cancer inhibition and elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Sui
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Teng Jin
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tonghui Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiman Wu
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongmin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dalong Ni
- Departments of Radiology, Medical Physics, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Zhenwei Yao
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Abstract
Personalized cancer vaccines (PCVs) are reinvigorating vaccine strategies in cancer immunotherapy. In contrast to adoptive T-cell therapy and checkpoint blockade, the PCV strategy modulates the innate and adaptive immune systems with broader activation to redeploy antitumor immunity with individualized tumor-specific antigens (neoantigens). Following a sequential scheme of tumor biopsy, mutation analysis, and epitope prediction, the administration of neoantigens with synthetic long peptide (SLP) or mRNA formulations dramatically improves the population and activity of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Despite the promising prospect of PCVs, there is still great potential for optimizing prevaccination procedures and vaccine potency. In particular, the arduous development of tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-based vaccines provides valuable experience and rational principles for augmenting vaccine potency which is expected to advance PCV through the design of adjuvants, delivery systems, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) reversion since current personalized vaccination simply admixes antigens with adjuvants. Considering the broader application of TAA-based vaccine design, these two strategies complement each other and can lead to both personalized and universal therapeutic methods. Chemical strategies provide vast opportunities for (1) exploring novel adjuvants, including synthetic molecules and materials with optimizable activity, (2) constructing efficient and precise delivery systems to avoid systemic diffusion, improve biosafety, target secondary lymphoid organs, and enhance antigen presentation, and (3) combining bioengineering methods to innovate improvements in conventional vaccination, "smartly" re-educate the TME, and modulate antitumor immunity. As chemical strategies have proven versatility, reliability, and universality in the design of T cell- and B cell-based antitumor vaccines, the union of such numerous chemical methods in vaccine construction is expected to provide new vigor and vitality in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 100069 Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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Hickey JW, Isser A, Salathe SF, Gee KM, Hsiao MH, Shaikh W, Uzoukwu NC, Bieler JG, Mao HQ, Schneck JP. Adaptive Nanoparticle Platforms for High Throughput Expansion and Detection of Antigen-Specific T cells. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6289-6298. [PMID: 32594746 PMCID: PMC8008984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
T cells are critical players in disease; yet, their antigen-specificity has been difficult to identify, as current techniques are limited in terms of sensitivity, throughput, or ease of use. To address these challenges, we increased the throughput and translatability of magnetic nanoparticle-based artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) to enrich and expand (E+E) murine or human antigen-specific T cells. We streamlined enrichment, expansion, and aAPC production processes by enriching CD8+ T cells directly from unpurified immune cells, increasing parallel processing capacity of aAPCs in a 96-well plate format, and designing an adaptive aAPC that enables multiplexed aAPC construction for E+E and detection. We applied these adaptive platforms to process and detect CD8+ T cells specific for rare cancer neoantigens, commensal bacterial cross-reactive epitopes, and human viral and melanoma antigens. These innovations dramatically increase the multiplexing ability and decrease the barrier to adopt for investigating antigen-specific T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Hickey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ariel Isser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sebastian F. Salathe
- Department of Biology, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kayla M. Gee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meng-Hsuan Hsiao
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wasamah Shaikh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nkechi C. Uzoukwu
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joanie Glick Bieler
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Schneck
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sun L, Shen F, Xu J, Han X, Fan C, Liu Z. DNA‐Edited Ligand Positioning on Red Blood Cells to Enable Optimized T Cell Activation for Adoptive Immunotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lele Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Fengyun Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiao Han
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 201240 China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices Soochow University Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu China
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Acebes-Fernández V, Landeira-Viñuela A, Juanes-Velasco P, Hernández AP, Otazo-Perez A, Manzano-Román R, Gongora R, Fuentes M. Nanomedicine and Onco-Immunotherapy: From the Bench to Bedside to Biomarkers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1274. [PMID: 32610601 PMCID: PMC7407304 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The broad relationship between the immune system and cancer is opening a new hallmark to explore for nanomedicine. Here, all the common and synergy points between both areas are reviewed and described, and the recent approaches which show the progress from the bench to the beside to biomarkers developed in nanomedicine and onco-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Acebes-Fernández
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
| | - Alicia Landeira-Viñuela
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
| | - Pablo Juanes-Velasco
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
| | - Angela-Patricia Hernández
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
| | - Andrea Otazo-Perez
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
| | - Raúl Manzano-Román
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Rafael Gongora
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Department of Medicine and Cytometry General Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (V.A.-F.); (A.L.-V.); (P.J.-V.); (A.-P.H.); (A.O.-P.); (R.G.)
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
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DNA‐Edited Ligand Positioning on Red Blood Cells to Enable Optimized T Cell Activation for Adoptive Immunotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14842-14853. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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