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Chen M, Zou F, Wang P, Hu W, Shen P, Wu X, Xu H, Rui Y, Wang X, Wang Y. Dual-Barb Microneedle with JAK/STAT Inhibitor-Loaded Nanovesicles Encapsulation for Tendinopathy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401512. [PMID: 39030889 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) are crucial for tendon repair, regeneration, and homeostasis. Dysfunction of TSPCs, due to aberrant activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, contributes to tendinopathy. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of conventional subcutaneous injection targeting at suppressing JAK/STAT signaling pathway is limited due to the passive diffusion of drugs away from the injury site. Herein, a novel poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) dual-barb microneedle (MN) path loaded with TSPCs-derived nanovesicles (NVs) containing JAK/STAT inhibitor WP1066 (MN-WP1066-NVs) for tendinopathy treatment is designed. The dual-barb design of the MN ensures firm adhesion to the skin, allowing for sustained and prolonged release of WP1066-NVs, facilitating enhanced TSPCs self-renewal, migration, and stemness in tendinopathy. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the degradation of γ-PGA patch tips facilitates the gradual release of WP1066-NVs at the lesion site. This release alleviates inflammation, suppresses extracellular matrix degradation, and restores normal tendon histological structure by inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway. These findings suggest that the multifunctional dual-barb MN patch offers a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for tendinopathy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Fengkai Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Wenbo Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xinyuan Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yunfeng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiansong Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
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2
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Poh QH, Rai A, Cross J, Greening DW. HB-EGF-loaded nanovesicles enhance trophectodermal spheroid attachment and invasion. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2200145. [PMID: 38214697 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The ability of trophectodermal cells (outer layer of the embryo) to attach to the endometrial cells and subsequently invade the underlying matrix are critical stages of embryo implantation during successful pregnancy establishment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in embryo-maternal crosstalk, capable of reprogramming endometrial cells towards a pro-implantation signature and phenotype. However, challenges associated with EV yield and direct loading of biomolecules limit their therapeutic potential. We have previously established generation of cell-derived nanovesicles (NVs) from human trophectodermal cells (hTSCs) and their capacity to reprogram endometrial cells to enhance adhesion and blastocyst outgrowth. Here, we employed a rapid NV loading strategy to encapsulate potent implantation molecules such as HB-EGF (NVHBEGF). We show these loaded NVs elicit EGFR-mediated effects in recipient endometrial cells, activating kinase phosphorylation sites that modulate their activity (AKT S124/129, MAPK1 T185/Y187), and downstream signalling pathways and processes (AKT signal transduction, GTPase activity). Importantly, they enhanced target cell attachment and invasion. The phosphoproteomics and proteomics approach highlight NVHBEGF-mediated short-term signalling patterns and long-term reprogramming capabilities on endometrial cells which functionally enhance trophectodermal-endometrial interactions. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates feasibility in enhancing the functional potency of NVs in the context of embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hui Poh
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathon Cross
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Frederiksen HR, Glantz A, Vøls KK, Skov S, Tveden-Nyborg P, Freude K, Doehn U. CRISPR-Cas9 immune-evasive hESCs are rejected following transplantation into immunocompetent mice. Front Genome Ed 2024; 6:1403395. [PMID: 38863835 PMCID: PMC11165197 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2024.1403395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although current stem cell therapies exhibit promising potential, the extended process of employing autologous cells and the necessity for donor-host matching to avert the rejection of transplanted cells significantly limit the widespread applicability of these treatments. It would be highly advantageous to generate a pluripotent universal donor stem cell line that is immune-evasive and, therefore, not restricted by the individual's immune system, enabling unlimited application within cell replacement therapies. Before such immune-evasive stem cells can be moved forward to clinical trials, in vivo testing via transplantation experiments in immune-competent animals would be a favorable approach preceding preclinical testing. By using human stem cells in immune competent animals, results will be more translatable to a clinical setting, as no parts of the immune system have been altered, although in a xenogeneic setting. In this way, immune evasiveness, cell survival, and unwanted proliferative effects can be assessed before clinical trials in humans. The current study presents the generation and characterization of three human embryonic stem cell lines (hESCs) for xenogeneic transplantation in immune-competent mice. The major histocompatibility complexes I- and II-encoding genes, B2M and CIITA, have been deleted from the hESCs using CRISPR-Cas9-targeted gene replacement strategies and knockout. B2M was knocked out by the insertion of murine CD47. Human-secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (hSEAP) was inserted in a safe harbor site to track cells in vivo. The edited hESCs maintained their pluripotency, karyotypic normality, and stable expression of murine CD47 and hSEAP in vitro. In vivo transplantation of hESCs into immune-competent BALB/c mice was successfully monitored by measuring hSEAP in blood samples. Nevertheless, transplantation of immune-evasive hESCs resulted in complete rejection within 11 days, with clear immune infiltration of T-cells on day 8. Our results reveal that knockout of B2M and CIITA together with species-specific expression of CD47 are insufficient to prevent rejection in an immune-competent and xenogeneic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Reventlow Frederiksen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Søren Skov
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Doehn
- Cell Therapy Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
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Jiao YR, Chen KX, Tang X, Tang YL, Yang HL, Yin YL, Li CJ. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in diabetes and diabetic complications. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:271. [PMID: 38632264 PMCID: PMC11024187 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes, a group of metabolic disorders, constitutes an important global health problem. Diabetes and its complications place a heavy financial strain on both patients and the global healthcare establishment. The lack of effective treatments contributes to this pessimistic situation and negative outlook. Exosomes released from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as the most likely new breakthrough and advancement in treating of diabetes and diabetes-associated complication due to its capacity of intercellular communication, modulating the local microenvironment, and regulating cellular processes. In the present review, we briefly outlined the properties of MSCs-derived exosomes, provided a thorough summary of their biological functions and potential uses in diabetes and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rui Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xiang Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yu-Long Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Hai-Lin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, 236000, China
| | - Yu-Long Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Chang-Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aging-related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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5
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Gupta R, Gupta J, Roy S. Exosomes: Key Players for Treatment of Cancer and Their Future Perspectives. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2024; 22:118-147. [PMID: 38407852 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2023.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Suchismita Roy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
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Jiang Y, Yu M, Song ZF, Wei ZY, Huang J, Qian HY. Targeted Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Bioinspired Exosome-Mimetic Nanovesicles with Platelet Membrane Fusion for Atherosclerotic Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2553-2571. [PMID: 38505171 PMCID: PMC10949310 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s452824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Accumulating evidence indicates that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes hold significant potential for the treatment of atherosclerosis. However, large-scale production and organ-specific targeting of exosomes are still challenges for further clinical applications. This study aims to explore the targeted efficiency and therapeutic potential of biomimetic platelet membrane-coated exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (P-ENVs) in atherosclerosis. Methods To produce exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (ENVs), MSCs were successively extruded through polycarbonate porous membranes. P-ENVs were engineered by fusing MSC-derived ENVs with platelet membranes and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blot. The stability and safety of P-ENVs were also assessed. The targeted efficacy of P-ENVs was evaluated using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS) spectrum imaging system and immunofluorescence. Histological analyses, Oil Red O (ORO) staining, and Western blot were used to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effectiveness of P-ENVs. Results Both ENVs and P-ENVs exhibited similar characteristics to exosomes. Subsequent miRNA sequencing of P-ENVs revealed their potential to mitigate atherosclerosis by influencing biological processes related to cholesterol metabolism. In an ApoE-/- mice model, the intravenous administration of P-ENVs exhibited enhanced targeting of atherosclerotic plaques, resulting in a significant reduction in lipid deposition and necrotic core area. Our in vitro experiments showed that P-ENVs promoted cholesterol efflux and reduced total cholesterol content in foam cells. Further analysis revealed that P-ENVs attenuated intracellular cholesterol accumulation by upregulating the expression of the critical cholesterol transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. Conclusion This study highlighted the potential of P-ENVs as a novel nano-drug delivery platform for enhancing drug delivery efficiency while concurrently mitigating adverse reactions in atherosclerotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Yu
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Feng Song
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yao Wei
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji Huang
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease, Division of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Qian
- Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Xiong Z, Peng G, Deng J, Liu M, Ning X, Zhuang Y, Yang H, Sun H. Therapeutic targets and potential delivery systems of melatonin in osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1331934. [PMID: 38327517 PMCID: PMC10847247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent age-related musculoskeletal disorder that typically results in chronic pain and disability. OA is a multifactorial disease, with increased oxidative stress, dysregulated inflammatory response, and impaired matrix metabolism contributing to its onset and progression. The neurohormone melatonin, primarily synthesized by the pineal gland, has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for OA due to its potential to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress, and chondrocyte death with minimal adverse effects. The present review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding regarding melatonin as a promising pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of OA, along with an exploration of various delivery systems that can be utilized for melatonin administration. These findings may provide novel therapeutic strategies and targets for inhibiting the advancement of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guoxuan Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jin Deng
- Department of Emergence Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Ning
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Emergence Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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8
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Liu X, Liu G, Mao Y, Luo J, Cao Y, Tan W, Li W, Yu H, Jia X, Li H. Engineering extracellular vesicles mimetics for targeted chemotherapy of drug-resistant ovary cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:25-41. [PMID: 38059464 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop nanocarriers for targeting the delivery of chemotherapeutics to overcome multidrug-resistant ovarian cancer. Materials & methods: Doxorubicin-loaded nanovesicles were obtained through serial extrusion, followed by loading of P-glycoprotein siRNA and folic acid. The targeting ability and anticancer efficacy of the nanovesicles were evaluated. Results: The doxorubicin-loaded nanovesicles showed a high production yield. The presence of P-glycoprotein siRNA and folic acid resulted in reversed drug resistance and tumor targeting. This nanoplatform tremendously inhibited the viability of multidrug-resistant ovarian cancer cells, which was able to target tumor tissue and suppress tumor growth without adverse effects. Conclusion: These bioengineered nanovesicles could serve as novel extracellular vesicles mimetics for chemotherapeutics delivery to overcome multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210001, China
| | - Guangquan Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210001, China
| | - Yinghua Mao
- Centre for Diseases Prevention & Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Healthcare, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yongping Cao
- Centre for Diseases Prevention & Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Weilong Tan
- Centre for Diseases Prevention & Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Centre for Diseases Prevention & Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Huanhuan Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210001, China
| | - Hong Li
- Centre for Diseases Prevention & Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, 210002, China
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Lu D, Wu JP, Yang QW, Wang HY, Yang JJ, Zhang GG, Wang C, Yang YL, Zhu L, Sun XZ. Recent advances in lipid nanovesicles for targeted treatment of spinal cord injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1261288. [PMID: 37691909 PMCID: PMC10486273 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1261288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective regeneration and functional restoration of damaged spinal cord tissue have been a long-standing concern in regenerative medicine. Treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) is challenging due to the obstruction of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), the lack of targeting of drugs, and the complex pathophysiology of injury sites. Lipid nanovesicles, including cell-derived nanovesicles and synthetic lipid nanovesicles, are highly biocompatible and can penetrate BSCB, and are therefore effective delivery systems for targeted treatment of SCI. We summarize the progress of lipid nanovesicles for the targeted treatment of SCI, discuss their advantages and challenges, and provide a perspective on the application of lipid nanovesicles for SCI treatment. Although most of the lipid nanovesicle-based therapy of SCI is still in preclinical studies, this low immunogenicity, low toxicity, and highly engineerable nanovesicles will hold great promise for future spinal cord injury treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nano-science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiu-Ping Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi-Wei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nano-science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Yi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nano-science and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Jie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang-Gang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nano-science and Technology, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Lian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nano-science and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nano-science and Technology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Zhi Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Kumar SK, Sasidhar MV. Recent Trends in the Use of Small Extracellular Vesicles as Optimal Drug Delivery Vehicles in Oncology. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:3829-3842. [PMID: 37410017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are produced by most cells and play an important role in cell-to-cell communication and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Their ability to transfer biological cargo to target cells makes them a promising tool for cancer drug delivery. Advances in sEV engineering, EV mimetics, and ligand-directed targeting have improved the efficacy of anticancer drug delivery and functionality. EV-based RNA interference and hybrid miRNA transfer have also been extensively used in various preclinical cancer models. Despite these developments, gaps still exist in our understanding of using sEVs to treat solid tumor malignancies effectively. This article provides an overview of the last five years of sEV research and its current status for the efficient and targeted elimination of cancer cells, which could advance cancer research and bring sEV formulations into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwareddy Kartik Kumar
- Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad 500033, India
| | - Manda Venkata Sasidhar
- Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad 500033, India
- Urvogelbio Private Limited, AHERF, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad 500033, India
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11
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Liu YJ, Wang C. A review of the regulatory mechanisms of extracellular vesicles-mediated intercellular communication. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:77. [PMID: 37055761 PMCID: PMC10100201 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-bound structures that are released from cells into the surrounding environment. These structures can be categorized as exosomes, microvesicles, or apoptotic vesicles, and they play an essential role in intercellular communication. These vesicles are attracting significant clinical interest as they offer the potential for drug delivery, disease diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention. To fully understand the regulation of intercellular communication through EVs, it is essential to investigate the underlying mechanisms. This review aims to provide a summary of the current knowledge on the intercellular communications involved in EV targeting, binding, and uptake, as well as the factors that influence these interactions. These factors include the properties of the EVs, the cellular environment, and the recipient cell. As the field of EV-related intercellular communication continues to expand and techniques improve, we can expect to uncover more information about this complex area, despite the current limitations in our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 VF25, Ireland.
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12
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Zhao C, Pan Y, Yu G, Zhao XZ, Chen X, Rao L. Vesicular Antibodies: Shedding Light on Antibody Therapeutics with Cell Membrane Nanotechnology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207875. [PMID: 36721058 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The high stability of antibodies and their ability to precisely bind to antigens and endogenous immune receptors, as well as their susceptibility to protein engineering, enable antibody-based therapeutics to be widely applied in cancer, inflammation, infection, and other disorders. Nevertheless, the application of traditional antibody-based therapeutics has certain limitations, such as high price, limited permeability, and protein engineering complexity. Recent breakthroughs in cell membrane nanotechnology have deepened the understanding of the critical role of membrane protein receptors in disease treatment, enabling vesicular-antibody-based therapeutics. Here, the concept of vesicular antibodies that are obtained by modifying target antibodies onto cell membranes for biomedical applications is proposed. Given that an antibody is basically a protein, as an extension of this concept, vesicles or membrane-coated nanoparticles that use surface antibodies and protein receptors on cell membranes for biomedical applications as vesicular antibodies are defined. Furthermore, several engineering strategies for vesicular antibodies are summarized and how vesicular antibodies can be used in a variety of situations is highlighted. In addition, current challenges and future prospects of vesicular antibodies are also discussed. It is anticipated this perspective will provide new insights on the development of next-generation antibodies for enhanced therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuanwei Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Guocan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xing-Zhong Zhao
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
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13
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Tu J, Zeng Y, An R, Sun J, Wen H. Engineered nanovesicles from stromal vascular fraction promote angiogenesis and adipogenesis inside decellularized adipose tissue through encapsulating growth factors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:750. [PMID: 36639385 PMCID: PMC9839776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27176-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acellular matrix is a commonly used biomaterial in the field of biomedical engineering and revascularization is the key process to affect the effect of acellular matrix on tissue regeneration. The application of bioactive factors related to angiogenesis has been popular in the regulation of revascularization, but the immune system clearance, uncontrollable systemic reactions, and other factors make this method face challenges. Recent reports showed that engineered cells into nanovesicles can reorganize cell membranes and encapsulate cellular active factors, extending the in vitro preservation of cytokines. However, the problems of exogenous biological contamination and tumorigenicity restricted the clinical transformation and wide application of this method. Here, we for the first time engineer stromal vascular fraction (SVF) which is extracted from fat into nanovesicles (SVF-EVs) for angiogenesis in the acellular matrix. SVF-EVs not only promote the migration of vascular endothelial cells in vitro, but also facilitate the lipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. In vivo, SVF-EVs enhanced the retention of decellularized adipose tissue after transplanting to the subcutaneous area of nude mice. Immunofluorescence staining further showed that SVF-EVs promoted the formation of vascular networks with large lumen diameter in the grafted acellular matrix, accompanied by adipocyte regeneration peripherally. These findings reveal that SVF-EVs can be a viable method for accelerating revascularization in acellular matrix, and this process of squeezing tissue into nanovesicles shows the potential for rapid clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tu
- Department of Plastic, Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuyang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran An
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huicai Wen
- Department of Plastic, Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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14
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Sun D, Mou S, Chen L, Yang J, Wang R, Zhong A, Wang W, Tong J, Wang Z, Sun J. High yield engineered nanovesicles from ADSC with enriched miR-21-5p promote angiogenesis in adipose tissue regeneration. Biomater Res 2022; 26:83. [PMID: 36528594 PMCID: PMC9758932 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have been found to have a great potential for soft tissue repair due to various biological functions, including pro-angiogenesis and low immunogenicity. However, the low yield and heterogeneity of MSC-EVs limited their clinical transformation. This study was designed to develop a novel adipose-derived stem cell engineered nanovesicles (ADSC-NVs) with high production and explore its pro-angiogenetic effect and application in adipose tissue regeneration. METHODS Adipose-derived stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ADSC-EVs) were isolated from an EVs-free culture medium for human ADSCs (hADSCs). ADSC-NVs were prepared by sequentially extruding ADSCs followed by iodixanol density gradient ultracentrifugation and were compared with ADSC-EVs in morphology, size distribution, protein contents and yield. The pro-angiogenetic effect of ADSC-NVs in different doses (0, 5, 20 and 80 μg/mL) in vitro was determined using transwell assay, tube formation assay, western blot and qRT-PCR. In vivo, BALB/c nude mice were administered injection of a mixture of fat granules and different dose of ADSC-NVs and grafts were harvested at 12 weeks post-transplantation for further analysis. By analyzing the weight and volume of grafts and histological evaluation, we investigated the effect of ADSC-NVs in vessel formation and adipose tissue regeneration. RESULTS Our results showed yield of purified ADSC-NVs was approximately 20 times more than that of ADSC-EVs secreted by the same number of ADSCs. In vitro, both ADSC-NVs and ADSC-EVs exhibited a dose-dependent pro-angiogenetic effect, despite their distinct miRNA profiles. These effects of ADSC-NVs may be mediated by enriched miR-21-5p via PTEN inhibition and PI3K/p-Akt signaling activation. Furthermore, after a mixed injection of ADSC-NVs, vessel formation and adipose regeneration were observed in vivo in fat implants. CONCLUSIONS Our study developed a potent alternative of ADSC-EVs. ADSC-NVs have a high pro-angiogenesis potential and can be used as cell-free therapeutic biomaterials in soft tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Sun
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Shan Mou
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Lifeng Chen
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Jie Yang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Aimei Zhong
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Wei Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Jing Tong
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Jiaming Sun
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China ,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022 China
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15
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Du Y, Wang H, Yang Y, Zhang J, Huang Y, Fan S, Gu C, Shangguan L, Lin X. Extracellular Vesicle Mimetics: Preparation from Top-Down Approaches and Biological Functions. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200142. [PMID: 35899756 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted attention as delivery vehicles due to their structure, composition, and unique properties in regeneration and immunomodulation. However, difficulties during production and isolation processes of EVs limit their large-scale clinical applications. EV mimetics (EVMs), prepared via top-down strategies that improve the yield of nanoparticles while retaining biological properties similar to those of EVs have been used to address these limitations. Herein, the preparation of EVMs is reviewed and their characteristics in terms of structure, composition, targeting ability, cellular uptake mechanism, and immunogenicity, as well as their strengths, limitations, and future clinical application prospects as EV alternatives are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Du
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Hangzhou OrigO Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Chenhui Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.,Hangzhou OrigO Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Liqing Shangguan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.,Hangzhou OrigO Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 311200, China
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16
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Kim HY, Kwon S, Um W, Shin S, Kim CH, Park JH, Kim BS. Functional Extracellular Vesicles for Regenerative Medicine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106569. [PMID: 35322545 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The unique biological characteristics and promising clinical potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have galvanized EV applications for regenerative medicine. Recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication, naturally secreted EVs have the potential, as innate biotherapeutics, to promote tissue regeneration. Although EVs have emerged as novel therapeutic agents, challenges related to the clinical transition have led to further functionalization. In recent years, various engineering approaches such as preconditioning, drug loading, and surface modification have been developed to potentiate the therapeutic outcomes of EVs. Also, limitations of natural EVs have been addressed by the development of artificial EVs that offer advantages in terms of production yield and isolation methodologies. In this review, an updated overview of current techniques is provided for the functionalization of natural EVs and recent advances in artificial EVs, particularly in the scope of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunglee Kwon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Um
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Shin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, BioMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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17
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Zhang Z, Mi T, Jin L, Li M, Zhanghuang C, Wang J, Tan X, Lu H, Shen L, Long C, Wei G, He D. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of exosome mimetic vesicles and exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:312. [PMID: 35841000 PMCID: PMC9284776 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown to have effective application prospects in the medical field, but exosome yield is very low. The production of exosome mimetic vesicles (EMVs) by continuous cell extrusion leads to more EMVs than exosomes, but whether the protein compositions of MSC-derived EMVs (MSC-EMVs) and exosomes (MSC-exosomes) are substantially different remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive proteomic analysis of MSC-EMVs and MSC-exosomes and to simply explore the effects of exosomes and EMVs on wound healing ability. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of EMVs and exosomes. METHODS In this study, EMVs from human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC MSCs) were isolated by continuous extrusion, and exosomes were identified after hUC MSC ultracentrifugation. A proteomic analysis was performed, and 2315 proteins were identified. The effects of EMVs and exosomes on the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated by cell counting kit-8, scratch wound, transwell and tubule formation assays. A mouse mode was used to evaluate the effects of EMVs and exosomes on wound healing. RESULTS Bioinformatics analyses revealed that 1669 proteins in both hUC MSC-EMVs and hUC MSC-exosomes play roles in retrograde vesicle-mediated transport and vesicle budding from the membrane. The 382 proteins unique to exosomes participate in extracellular matrix organization and extracellular structural organization, and the 264 proteins unique to EMVs target the cell membrane. EMVs and exosomes can promote wound healing and angiogenesis in mice and promote the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a comprehensive proteomic analysis of hUC MSC-derived exosomes and EMVs generated by different methods. The tissue repair function of EMVs and exosomes was herein verified by wound healing experiments, and these results reveal their potential applications in different fields based on analyses of their shared and unique proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Mi
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Jin
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Mujie Li
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghao Zhanghuang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinkui Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Tan
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxu Lu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei He
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China. .,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Soltani S, Mansouri K, Emami Aleagha MS, Moasefi N, Yavari N, Shakouri SK, Notararigo S, Shojaeian A, Pociot F, Yarani R. Extracellular Vesicle Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865782. [PMID: 35464488 PMCID: PMC9024141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disorder characterized by immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing β-cells. The primary treatment for T1D is multiple daily insulin injections to control blood sugar levels. Cell-free delivery packets with therapeutic properties, extracellular vesicles (EVs), mainly from stem cells, have recently gained considerable attention for disease treatments. EVs provide a great potential to treat T1D ascribed to their regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Here, we summarize the latest EV applications for T1D treatment and highlight opportunities for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Soltani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Taleghani and Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sajad Emami Aleagha
- Medical Technology Research Center (MTRC), School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Narges Moasefi
- Medical Technology Research Center (MTRC), School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Niloofar Yavari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Seyed Kazem Shakouri
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Notararigo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ali Shojaeian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical, Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Reza Yarani
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical, Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Reza Yarani, ;
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19
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Zhang Y, Yang N, Huang X, Zhu Y, Gao S, Liu Z, Cao F, Wang Y. Melatonin Engineered Adipose-Derived Biomimetic Nanovesicles Regulate Mitochondrial Functions and Promote Myocardial Repair in Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:789203. [PMID: 35402545 PMCID: PMC8985816 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.789203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), one type of ischemic heart disease, is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Currently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) have been proven to be a potentially promising therapeutic treatment for MI. However, the inconvenience of isolation, the low productivity, and the high cost of EVs greatly limits their application in clinic. In this study, we constructed novel biomimetic ADSC-derived nanovesicles (ADSC NVs) to achieve cell-free therapy for MI. Here, we firstly developed a novel Mel@NVs delivery system consisting of engineered ADSC NVs with melatonin (Mel). Then, the characterization and properties of Mel@NVs were performed. The effect of Mel@NVs on cellular oxidative stress and myocardial infarction repair was conducted. The results showed that Mel@NVs treatment under ischemia mimic condition reduced cell apoptosis from 42.59 ± 2.69% to 13.88 ± 1.77%. Moreover, this novel engineered Mel@NVs could ameliorate excessive ROS generation, promote microvessel formation, and attenuate cardiac fibrosis, which further alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and finally enhance myocardial repair. Hence, the engineered NVs show a potential strategy for MI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital and Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital and Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital and Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital and Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital and Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
- Feng Cao
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital and Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yabin Wang
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20
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Mehanna RA, Essawy MM, Barkat MA, Awaad AK, Thabet EH, Hamed HA, Elkafrawy H, Khalil NA, Sallam A, Kholief MA, Ibrahim SS, Mourad GM. Cardiac stem cells: Current knowledge and future prospects. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:1-40. [PMID: 35126826 PMCID: PMC8788183 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the field concerned with the repair and restoration of the integrity of damaged human tissues as well as whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, regenerative medicine therapies, namely stem cells, have received significant attention in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Apart from their known potential for differentiation into the various body cells, stem cells enhance the organ's intrinsic regenerative capacity by altering its environment, whether by exogenous injection or introducing their products that modulate endogenous stem cell function and fate for the sake of regeneration. Recently, research in cardiology has highlighted the evidence for the existence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs). The global burden of cardiovascular diseases’ morbidity and mortality has demanded an in-depth understanding of the biology of CSCs/CPCs aiming at improving the outcome for an innovative therapeutic strategy. This review will discuss the nature of each of the CSCs/CPCs, their environment, their interplay with other cells, and their metabolism. In addition, important issues are tackled concerning the potency of CSCs/CPCs in relation to their secretome for mediating the ability to influence other cells. Moreover, the review will throw the light on the clinical trials and the preclinical studies using CSCs/CPCs and combined therapy for cardiac regeneration. Finally, the novel role of nanotechnology in cardiac regeneration will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Mona A Barkat
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ashraf K Awaad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Eman H Thabet
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hamed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Hagar Elkafrawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Khalil
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sallam
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Kholief
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical toxicology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Mourad
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
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21
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Mehanna RA, Essawy MM, Barkat MA, Awaad AK, Thabet EH, Hamed HA, Elkafrawy H, Khalil NA, Sallam A, Kholief MA, Ibrahim SS, Mourad GM. Cardiac stem cells: Current knowledge and future prospects. World J Stem Cells 2022. [PMID: 35126826 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.1]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the field concerned with the repair and restoration of the integrity of damaged human tissues as well as whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, regenerative medicine therapies, namely stem cells, have received significant attention in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Apart from their known potential for differentiation into the various body cells, stem cells enhance the organ's intrinsic regenerative capacity by altering its environment, whether by exogenous injection or introducing their products that modulate endogenous stem cell function and fate for the sake of regeneration. Recently, research in cardiology has highlighted the evidence for the existence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs). The global burden of cardiovascular diseases' morbidity and mortality has demanded an in-depth understanding of the biology of CSCs/CPCs aiming at improving the outcome for an innovative therapeutic strategy. This review will discuss the nature of each of the CSCs/CPCs, their environment, their interplay with other cells, and their metabolism. In addition, important issues are tackled concerning the potency of CSCs/CPCs in relation to their secretome for mediating the ability to influence other cells. Moreover, the review will throw the light on the clinical trials and the preclinical studies using CSCs/CPCs and combined therapy for cardiac regeneration. Finally, the novel role of nanotechnology in cardiac regeneration will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Mona A Barkat
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ashraf K Awaad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Eman H Thabet
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hamed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Hagar Elkafrawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Khalil
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sallam
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Kholief
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical toxicology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Mourad
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt.
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22
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Yang M, Chen J, Chen L. The roles of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in diabetes mellitus and its related complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1027686. [PMID: 36339446 PMCID: PMC9633677 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1027686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a type of metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, primarily caused by defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Long-term chronic hyperglycemia can lead to diabetes-related complications, causing damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs. However, traditional insulin and oral drug therapy can only treat the symptoms but not delay the progressive failure of pancreatic beta cells or prevent the emergence of diabetic complications. Mesenchymal stem cells have received extensive attention due to their strong immunoregulatory functions and regeneration effects. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have been proposed as a novel treatment for diabetic patients as they have demonstrated superior efficiency to mesenchymal stem cells. This review summarizes the therapeutic effects, mechanisms, challenges, and future prospects of MSC-Exos in treating diabetes mellitus and its related complications. This review supports the potential use of MSC-Exos in future regenerative medicine to overcome the current difficulties in clinical treatment, particularly in treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Chen, ; Li Chen,
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Chen, ; Li Chen,
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23
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Claridge B, Lozano J, Poh QH, Greening DW. Development of Extracellular Vesicle Therapeutics: Challenges, Considerations, and Opportunities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:734720. [PMID: 34616741 PMCID: PMC8488228 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.734720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promise as therapeutic modalities due to their endogenous characteristics, however, further bioengineering refinement is required to address clinical and commercial limitations. Clinical applications of EV-based therapeutics are being trialed in immunomodulation, tissue regeneration and recovery, and as delivery vectors for combination therapies. Native/biological EVs possess diverse endogenous properties that offer stability and facilitate crossing of biological barriers for delivery of molecular cargo to cells, acting as a form of intercellular communication to regulate function and phenotype. Moreover, EVs are important components of paracrine signaling in stem/progenitor cell-based therapies, are employed as standalone therapies, and can be used as a drug delivery system. Despite remarkable utility of native/biological EVs, they can be improved using bio/engineering approaches to further therapeutic potential. EVs can be engineered to harbor specific pharmaceutical content, enhance their stability, and modify surface epitopes for improved tropism and targeting to cells and tissues in vivo. Limitations currently challenging the full realization of their therapeutic utility include scalability and standardization of generation, molecular characterization for design and regulation, therapeutic potency assessment, and targeted delivery. The fields' utilization of advanced technologies (imaging, quantitative analyses, multi-omics, labeling/live-cell reporters), and utility of biocompatible natural sources for producing EVs (plants, bacteria, milk) will play an important role in overcoming these limitations. Advancements in EV engineering methodologies and design will facilitate the development of EV-based therapeutics, revolutionizing the current pharmaceutical landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Claridge
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Lozano
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Qi Hui Poh
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David W. Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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24
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale phospholipid bilayer membrane vesicles which contain varied active biomolecules. As natural carriers, EVs can deliver endogenous cargos to target tissues safely and effectively. However, the applications of natural released EVs are limited by their low yield and heterogeneity. Engineering EVs can endow them with more functions and better performances to address these issues. EVs can be modified and engineered to improve the yield, targeting efficiency, and content of beneficial cargos. Herein, the strategies of engineering EVs through genetic modification of EVs are introduced; the molecular modification of the EV membrane and the loading of nucleic acids are summarized; the building of EV mimetic nanovesicles are reviewed. Overall, we anticipate that readers will gain a better understanding of the progress of EV engineering, which will help to promote the development of the technologies and applications in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Jia
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Jianpu Tang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Chi Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Dayong Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
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25
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Li YJ, Wu JY, Liu J, Xu W, Qiu X, Huang S, Hu XB, Xiang DX. Artificial exosomes for translational nanomedicine. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:242. [PMID: 34384440 PMCID: PMC8359033 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are lipid bilayer membrane vesicles and are emerging as competent nanocarriers for drug delivery. The clinical translation of exosomes faces many challenges such as massive production, standard isolation, drug loading, stability and quality control. In recent years, artificial exosomes are emerging based on nanobiotechnology to overcome the limitations of natural exosomes. Major types of artificial exosomes include 'nanovesicles (NVs)', 'exosome-mimetic (EM)' and 'hybrid exosomes (HEs)', which are obtained by top-down, bottom-up and biohybrid strategies, respectively. Artificial exosomes are powerful alternatives to natural exosomes for drug delivery. Here, we outline recent advances in artificial exosomes through nanobiotechnology and discuss their strengths, limitations and future perspectives. The development of artificial exosomes holds great values for translational nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun-Yong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jihua Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Si Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong-Bin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Da-Xiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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26
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Yin GN, Piao S, Liu Z, Wang L, Ock J, Kwon MH, Kim DK, Gho YS, Suh JK, Ryu JK. RNA-sequencing profiling analysis of pericyte-derived extracellular vesicle-mimetic nanovesicles-regulated genes in primary cultured fibroblasts from normal and Peyronie's disease penile tunica albuginea. BMC Urol 2021; 21:103. [PMID: 34362357 PMCID: PMC8344132 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peyronie's disease (PD) is a severe fibrotic disease of the tunica albuginea that causes penis curvature and leads to penile pain, deformity, and erectile dysfunction. The role of pericytes in the pathogenesis of fibrosis has recently been determined. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mimetic nanovesicles (NVs) have attracted attention regarding intercellular communication between cells in the field of fibrosis. However, the global gene expression of pericyte-derived EV-mimetic NVs (PC-NVs) in regulating fibrosis remains unknown. Here, we used RNA-sequencing technology to investigate the potential target genes regulated by PC-NVs in primary fibroblasts derived from human PD plaque. METHODS Human primary fibroblasts derived from normal and PD patients was cultured and treated with cavernosum pericytes isolated extracellular vesicle (EV)-mimetic nanovesicles (NVs). A global gene expression RNA-sequencing assay was performed on normal fibroblasts, PD fibroblasts, and PD fibroblasts treated with PC-NVs. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for sequencing data validation. RESULTS A total of 4135 genes showed significantly differential expression in the normal fibroblasts, PD fibroblasts, and PD fibroblasts treated with PC-NVs. However, only 91 contra-regulated genes were detected among the three libraries. Furthermore, 20 contra-regulated genes were selected and 11 showed consistent changes in the RNA-sequencing assay, which were validated by RT-PCR. CONCLUSION The gene expression profiling results suggested that these validated genes may be good targets for understanding potential mechanisms and conducting molecular studies into PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Nan Yin
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, 7-206, 3rd St, Shinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuguang Piao
- Department of Urology at Changhai Hospital Affiliated with the Naval Medicine University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Urology at Changhai Hospital Affiliated with the Naval Medicine University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology at Changhai Hospital Affiliated with the Naval Medicine University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyeon Ock
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, 7-206, 3rd St, Shinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Kwon
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, 7-206, 3rd St, Shinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54531, Korea
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyeongsangbuk-do, 37673, Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Suh
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, 7-206, 3rd St, Shinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Kan Ryu
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, 7-206, 3rd St, Shinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Zhang C, Mok J, Seong Y, Lau HC, Kim D, Yoon J, Oh SW, Park TS, Park J. PROKR1 delivery by cell-derived vesicles restores the myogenic potential of Prokr1-deficient C2C12 myoblasts. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 37:102448. [PMID: 34314870 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell-derived vesicles (CDVs) have been investigated as an alternative to exosomes. Here, we generated CDVs from Prokineticin receptor 1 (PROKR1) overexpressing HEK293T cells using micro-extrusion. More than 60 billion PROKR1-enriched CDV (PROKR1Tg CDVs) particles with canonical exosome properties were recovered from 107 cells. With 25 μg/mL of PROKR1Tg CDVs, we observed delivery of PROKR1, significant reduction of apoptosis, and myotube formation in C2C12Prokr1-/- myoblasts that have lost their myogenic potential but underwent apoptosis following myogenic commitment. Expression levels of early and late myogenic marker genes and glucose uptake capacity were restored to equivalent levels with wild-type control. Furthermore, PROKR1Tg CDVs were accumulated in soleus muscle comparable to the liver without significant differences. Therefore, CDVs obtained from genetically engineered cells appear to be an effective method of PROKR1 protein delivery and offer promise as an alternative therapy for muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjuan Zhang
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsoo Mok
- Institute of GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonwoo Seong
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Chong Lau
- Biodrone Research Institute, MDimune Inc., Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeon Kim
- Biodrone Research Institute, MDimune Inc., Republic of Korea
| | - Junsik Yoon
- Biodrone Research Institute, MDimune Inc., Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wook Oh
- Biodrone Research Institute, MDimune Inc., Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sub Park
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; Institute of GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonghoon Park
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea; Institute of GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Xia N, Gao Z, Hu H, Li D, Zhang C, Mei X, Wu C. Nerve growth factor loaded macrophage-derived nanovesicles for inhibiting neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:276-288. [PMID: 34167336 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211025912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an extremely destructive central nervous system lesion. Studies have shown that NGF can promote nerve regeneration after SCI. However, it cannot produce the desired effect due to its stability in the body and is difficulty in passing through the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we prepared nanovesicles derived from macrophage membrane encapsulating NGF (NGF-NVs) as a drug carrier for the treatment of SCI. Cell experiments showed that NGF-NVs were effectively taken up by PC12 cells and inhibited neuronal apoptosis. In vivo imaging experiments, a large quantity of NGF was delivered to the injured site with the aid of the good targeting of NVs. In animal experiments, NGF-NVs improved the survival of neurons by significantly activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and had good behavioral and histological recovery effects after SCI. Therefore, NVs are a potential drug delivery vector for SCI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xia
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhanshan Gao
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hengshuo Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning province, China
| | - Daoyong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning province, China
| | - Chuanjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning province, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning province, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Zheng X, Hermann DM, Bähr M, Doeppner TR. The role of small extracellular vesicles in cerebral and myocardial ischemia-Molecular signals, treatment targets, and future clinical translation. Stem Cells 2021; 39:403-413. [PMID: 33432732 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The heart and the brain mutually interact with each other, forming a functional axis that is disturbed under conditions of ischemia. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) show great potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Due to heart-brain interactions, therapeutic actions of EVs in the brain and the heart cannot be regarded in an isolated way. Effects in each of the two organs reciprocally influence the outcome of the other. Stem cell-derived EVs modulate a large number of signaling pathways in both tissues. Upon ischemia, EVs prevent delayed injury, promote angiogenesis, enhance parenchymal remodeling, and enable functional tissue recovery. The therapeutic effects greatly depend on EV cargos, among which are noncoding RNAs like microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins, which modulate cell signaling in a differential way that not always corresponds to each other in the two tissues. Interestingly, the same miRNA or protein localized in EVs can modulate different signaling pathways in the ischemic heart and brain, which may have diverse consequences for disease outcomes. Paying careful attention to unveiling these underlying mechanisms may provide new insights into tissue remodeling processes and identify targets for ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction therapies. Some of these mechanisms are discussed in this concise review, and consequences for the clinical translation of EVs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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30
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Shao J, Zaro J, Shen Y. Advances in Exosome-Based Drug Delivery and Tumor Targeting: From Tissue Distribution to Intracellular Fate. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9355-9371. [PMID: 33262592 PMCID: PMC7700079 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s281890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes or small extracellular vesicles are considered a new generation of bioinspired-nanoscale drug delivery system (DDS). Endogenous exosomes function as signalosomes since they convey signals via ligands or adhesion molecules located on the exosomal membrane, or packaged inside the exosome. Recently, exosome membrane modification, therapeutic payloads encapsulation, and modulation of in vivo disposition of exosomes have been extensively investigated, among which significant advances have been made to optimize exosome-mediated delivery to solid tumors. Exosomes, specifically tumor cell-derived exosomes, are presumed to have tumor-preferential delivery due to the homotypic features. However, quality attributes that dictate the tissue distribution, cell type-selective uptake, and intracellular payload release of the administered exosomes, as well as the spatiotemporal information regarding exosome fate in vivo, remain to be further investigated. This review summarizes recent advances in developing exosomes as drug delivery platforms with a focus on tumor targeting. The pharmacokinetic features of naive exosomes and factors influencing their intracellular fate are summarized. Recent strategies to improve tumor targeting of exosomes are also reviewed in the context of the biological features of tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME). Selected approaches to augment tumor tissue deposition of exosomes, as well as methods to enhance intracellular payload delivery, are summarized with emphasis on the underlying mechanisms (eg, passive or active targeting, endosomal escape, etc.). In conclusion, this review highlights recently reported tumor-targeting strategies of exosome-based drug delivery, and it's in the hope that multiple approaches might be employed in a synergistic combination in the development of exosome-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntang Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Hefei230032, People’s Republic of China
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jennica Zaro
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA90089-9121, USA
| | - Yuxian Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Hefei230032, People’s Republic of China
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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Lee H, Kang H, Kang M, Han C, Yi J, Kwon Y, Park J. Heterogeneous Subcellular Origin of Exosome-Mimetic Nanovesicles Engineered from Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6063-6068. [PMID: 33449634 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell-engineered nanovesicles (CNVs) are considered as an alternative to exosomes, because they can be produced efficiently on a large scale and have been successfully reported in several applied research studies. However, CNVs may originate from various organelles, i.e., some of them may cause adverse effects on recipient cells, and their origin has not yet been identified. In this study, we air-sprayed human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells into lipid-bilayer CNVs. To identify the subcellular origin of the CNVs, we prepared nine different HEK293 cell lines by transfection with organelle-specific fluorescent protein plasmids that target the plasma membrane, peroxisome, lysosome, early endosome, late endosome, nucleus, mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum. The origin of CNVs were identified by measuring fluorescence expressions for organelle-specific markers using fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). In the results, we found that CNVs derived from the plasma membrane constituted the largest portion, but CNVs derived from the other organelles comprised a non-negligible portion as well. This information will be useful to guide advanced research on outer membrane vesicles and exosome-mimetic nanovesicles engineered from cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeong-buk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeong-buk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Kang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeong-buk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungmin Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeong-buk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Johan Yi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeong-buk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeong-buk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeong-buk 37673, Republic of Korea.,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeong-buk 37673, Republic of Korea
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Fan J, Lee CS, Kim S, Chen C, Aghaloo T, Lee M. Generation of Small RNA-Modulated Exosome Mimetics for Bone Regeneration. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11973-11984. [PMID: 32897692 PMCID: PMC7530137 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Administration of exosomes is considered an attractive cell-free approach to skeletal repair and pathological disease treatment. However, poor yield for the production technique and unexpected therapeutic efficacy of exosomes have been obstacles to their widespread use in clinical practices. Here, we report an alternative strategy to produce exosome-related vesicles with high yields and improved regenerative capability. An extrusion approach was employed to amass exosome mimetics (EMs) from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The collected EMs had a significantly increased proportion of vesicles positive for the exosome-specific CD-63 marker compared with MSC-derived exosomes. EMs were further obtained from genetically modified hMSCs in which expression of noggin, a natural bone morphogenetic protein antagonist, was down-regulated to enhance osteogenic properties of EMs. Moreover, the administration of hMSC-EMs in conjunction with an injectable chitosan hydrogel into mouse nonhealing calvarial defects demonstrated robust bone regeneration. Importantly, mechanistic studies revealed that the enhanced osteogenesis by EMs in which noggin was suppressed was mediated via inhibition of miR-29a. These findings demonstrate the great promise of MSC-mediated EMs and modulation of small RNA signaling for skeletal regeneration and cell-free therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Fan
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Chung-Sung Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Soyon Kim
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Tara Aghaloo
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Min Lee, PhD, Professor, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Phone: 310-825-6674, Fax: (310) 825-6345,
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Yin GN, Park SH, Ock J, Choi MJ, Limanjaya A, Ghatak K, Song KM, Kwon MH, Kim DK, Gho YS, Suh JK, Ryu JK. Pericyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Mimetic Nanovesicles Restore Erectile Function by Enhancing Neurovascular Regeneration in a Mouse Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury. J Sex Med 2020; 17:2118-2128. [PMID: 32855091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mimetic nanovesicles (NVs) from embryonic stem cells have been observed to stimulate neurovascular regeneration in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse. Pericytes play important roles in maintaining penile erection, yet no previous studies have explored the effects of pericyte-derived NVs (PC-NVs) in neurovascular regeneration in the context of erectile dysfunction. AIM To investigate the potential effect of PC-NVs in neurovascular regeneration. METHODS PC-NVs were isolated from mouse cavernous pericytes, and neurovascular regeneration was evaluated in an in vitro study. Twelve-week-old C57BL/6J mice were used to prepare cavernous nerve injury model. Erectile function evaluation, histologic examination of the penis, and Western blots were assessed 2 weeks after model creation and PC-NVs treatment. OUTCOMES The main outcomes of this study are PC-NVs characterization, intracavernous pressure, neurovascular regeneration in the penis, and in vitro functional evaluation. RESULTS The PC-NVs were extracted and characterized by cryotransmission electron microscopy and EV-positive (Alix, TSG101, CD81) and EV-negative (GM130) markers. In the in vivo studies, PC-NVs successfully improved erectile function in cavernous nerve injury mice (∼82% of control values). Immunofluorescence staining showed significant increases in pericytes, endothelial cell, and neuronal contents. In the in vitro studies, PC-NVs significantly increased mouse cavernous endothelial cells tube formation, Schwann cell migration, and dorsal root ganglion and major pelvic ganglion neurite sprouting. Finally, Western blot analysis revealed that PC-NVs upregulated cell survival signaling (Akt and eNOS) and induced the expression of neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and nerve growth factor). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS PC-NVs may be used as a strategy to treat erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy or in men with neurovascular diseases. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS We evaluated the effect of PC-NVs in vitro and in a mouse nerve injury model, cavernous nerve injury. Additional studies are necessary to determine the detailed mechanisms of neurovascular improvement. Further study is needed to test whether PC-NVs are also effective when given weeks or months after nerve injury. CONCLUSION PC-NVs significantly improved erectile function by enhancing neurovascular regeneration. Local treatment with PC-NVs may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurovascular diseases. Yin GN, Park S-H, Ock J, et al. Pericyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Mimetic Nanovesicles Restore Erectile Function by Enhancing Neurovascular Regeneration in a Mouse Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury. J Sex Med 2020;17:2118-2128.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Nan Yin
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hwan Park
- Department of Urology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ock
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Choi
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Anita Limanjaya
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kalyan Ghatak
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Moon Song
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Kwon
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Center for Biomolecular & Cellular Structure, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Suh
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Kan Ryu
- Department of Urology and National Research Center for Sexual Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Villata S, Canta M, Cauda V. EVs and Bioengineering: From Cellular Products to Engineered Nanomachines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176048. [PMID: 32842627 PMCID: PMC7504061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural carriers produced by many different cell types that have a plethora of functions and roles that are still under discovery. This review aims to be a compendium on the current advancement in terms of EV modifications and re-engineering, as well as their potential use in nanomedicine. In particular, the latest advancements on artificial EVs are discussed, with these being the frontier of nanomedicine-based therapeutics. The first part of this review gives an overview of the EVs naturally produced by cells and their extraction methods, focusing on the possibility to use them to carry desired cargo. The main issues for the production of the EV-based carriers are addressed, and several examples of the techniques used to upload the cargo are provided. The second part focuses on the engineered EVs, obtained through surface modification, both using direct and indirect methods, i.e., engineering of the parental cells. Several examples of the current literature are proposed to show the broad variety of engineered EVs produced thus far. In particular, we also report the possibility to engineer the parental cells to produce cargo-loaded EVs or EVs displaying specific surface markers. The third and last part focuses on the most recent advancements based on synthetic and chimeric EVs and the methods for their production. Both top-down or bottom-up techniques are analyzed, with many examples of applications.
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Sadegh‐Nejadi S, Afrisham R, Emamgholipour S, Izadi P, Eivazi N, Tahbazlahafi B, Paknejad M. Influence of plasma circulating exosomes obtained from obese women on tumorigenesis and tamoxifen resistance in
MCF
‐7 cells. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1930-1940. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sadegh‐Nejadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Afrisham
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Pantea Izadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Neda Eivazi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Behnoosh Tahbazlahafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Maliheh Paknejad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Targeted Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Nanovesicles for Spinal Cord Injury Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114185. [PMID: 32545361 PMCID: PMC7312698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the safety issues and poor engraftment of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) implantation, MSC-derived exosomes have been spotlighted as an alternative therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, insufficient productivity of exosomes limits their therapeutic potential for clinical application. Moreover, low targeting ability of unmodified exosomes is a critical obstacle for their further applications as a therapeutic agent. In the present study, we fabricated macrophage membrane-fused exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (MF-NVs) from macrophage membrane-fused umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (MF-MSCs) and confirmed their therapeutic potential in a clinically relevant mouse SCI model (controlled mechanical compression injury model). MF-NVs contained larger quantity of ischemic region-targeting molecules compared to normal MSC-derived nanovesicles (N-NVs). The targeting molecules in MF-NVs, which were derived from macrophage membranes, increased the accumulation of MF-NVs in the injured spinal cord after the in vivo systemic injection. Increased accumulation of MF-NVs attenuated apoptosis and inflammation, prevented axonal loss, enhanced blood vessel formation, decreased fibrosis, and consequently, improved spinal cord function. Synthetically, we developed targeting efficiency-potentiated exosome-mimetic nanovesicles and present their possibility of clinical application for SCI.
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Lee JR, Park BW, Kim J, Choo YW, Kim HY, Yoon JK, Kim H, Hwang JW, Kang M, Kwon SP, Song SY, Ko IO, Park JA, Ban K, Hyeon T, Park HJ, Kim BS. Nanovesicles derived from iron oxide nanoparticles-incorporated mesenchymal stem cells for cardiac repair. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz0952. [PMID: 32494669 PMCID: PMC7195131 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Because of poor engraftment and safety concerns regarding mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, MSC-derived exosomes have emerged as an alternative cell-free therapy for myocardial infarction (MI). However, the diffusion of exosomes out of the infarcted heart following injection and the low productivity limit the potential of clinical applications. Here, we developed exosome-mimetic extracellular nanovesicles (NVs) derived from iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs)-incorporated MSCs (IONP-MSCs). The retention of injected IONP-MSC-derived NVs (IONP-NVs) within the infarcted heart was markedly augmented by magnetic guidance. Furthermore, IONPs significantly increased the levels of therapeutic molecules in IONP-MSCs and IONP-NVs, which can reduce the concern of low exosome productivity. The injection of IONP-NVs into the infarcted heart and magnetic guidance induced an early shift from the inflammation phase to the reparative phase, reduced apoptosis and fibrosis, and enhanced angiogenesis and cardiac function recovery. This approach can enhance the therapeutic potency of an MSC-derived NV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ro Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Woo Park
- Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Woong Choo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kee Yoon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Kim
- Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Hwang
- Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Pil Kwon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seuk Young Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ok Ko
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Ban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, BIOMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (B.-S.K.); (H.-J.P.)
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, BIOMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (B.-S.K.); (H.-J.P.)
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Lu M, Huang Y. Bioinspired exosome-like therapeutics and delivery nanoplatforms. Biomaterials 2020; 242:119925. [PMID: 32151860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes have emerged as appealing candidate therapeutic agents and delivery nanoplatforms due to their endogenous features and unique biological properties. However, obstacles such as low isolation yield, considerable complexity and potential safety concerns, and inefficient drug payload substantially hamper their therapeutic applicability. To this end, developing bioinspired exosome-like nanoparticles has become a promising area to overcome certain limitations of their natural counterparts. Synthetically fabrication of exosome-like nanoparticles that harbor only crucial components of exosomes through controllable protocols strongly increases the pharmaceutical acceptability of these vesicles. Assembly of exosome-like nanovesicles derived from producer cells allows for a promising strategy for scale-up production. To improve the loading capability and delivery efficiency of exosomes, hybrid exosome-like nanovesicles and membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles towards better bridging synthetic nanocarriers with natural exosomes could be designed. Building off these observations, herein, efforts are made to give an overview of bioinspired exosome-like therapeutics and delivery nanoplatforms. We briefly recapitulate the recent advance in exosome biology with focus on tailoring exosomes as therapeutics and delivery vehicles. Furthermore, we elaborately discuss the biomimicry methodologies for preparation of exosome-like nanoparticles with special emphasis on offering insights into strategies for rational design of exosome-like biomaterials as effective and safe therapeutics and delivery nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lu
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yuanyu Huang
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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Nasiri Kenari A, Cheng L, Hill AF. Methods for loading therapeutics into extracellular vesicles and generating extracellular vesicles mimetic-nanovesicles. Methods 2020; 177:103-113. [PMID: 31917274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane bound vesicles released into the extracellular environment by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. EVs are enriched in active biomolecules and they can horizontally transfer cargo to recipient cells. In recent years EVs have demonstrated promising clinical applications due to their theragnostic potential. Although EVs have promising therapeutic potential, there are several challenges associated with using EVs before transition from the laboratory to clinical use. Some of these challenges include issues around low yield, isolation and purification methodologies, and efficient engineering (loading) of EVs with therapeutic cargo. Also, to achieve higher therapeutic efficiency, EV architecture and cargo may need to be manipulated prior to clinical application. Some of these issues have been addressed by developing biomimetic EVs. EV mimetic-nanovesicles (M-NVs) are a type of artificial EVs which can be generated from all cell types with comparable characteristics as EVs for an alternative therapeutic modality. In this review, we will discuss current techniques for modifying EVs and methodology used to generate and customize EV mimetic-nanovesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirmohammad Nasiri Kenari
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Australia.
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40
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Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized vesicles secreted by nearly all types of cells and play important roles in intercellular communication. Given their unique and important pharmacological properties, exosomes have been emerging as a new class of cell-free therapeutics. Herein, we describe exosomes developed against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a key factor in epithelial malignancies, involved in enhanced tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. The exosomes are genetically modified for displaying two distinct types of monoclonal antibodies on the exosome surface, resulting in novel synthetic multivalent antibodies retargeted exosomes (SMART-Exos) that can simultaneously target tumor-associated human EGFR and T-cell surface CD3 receptor. By redirecting and activating T cells toward attacking EGFR-expressing cancer cells, the designed SMART-Exos exhibit highly potent and specific antitumor activity. In this chapter, the methodologies are outlined for generating and using SMART-Exos for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaojing Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Research Center for Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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41
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Ramasubramanian L, Kumar P, Wang A. Engineering Extracellular Vesicles as Nanotherapeutics for Regenerative Medicine. Biomolecules 2019; 10:E48. [PMID: 31905611 PMCID: PMC7023093 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Long thought of to be vesicles that primarily recycled waste biomolecules from cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have now emerged as a new class of nanotherapeutics for regenerative medicine. Recent studies have proven their potential as mediators of cell proliferation, immunomodulation, extracellular matrix organization and angiogenesis, and are currently being used as treatments for a variety of diseases and injuries. They are now being used in combination with a variety of more traditional biomaterials and tissue engineering strategies to stimulate tissue repair and wound healing. However, the clinical translation of EVs has been greatly slowed due to difficulties in EV isolation and purification, as well as their limited yields and functional heterogeneity. Thus, a field of EV engineering has emerged in order to augment the natural properties of EVs and to recapitulate their function in semi-synthetic and synthetic EVs. Here, we have reviewed current technologies and techniques in this growing field of EV engineering while highlighting possible future applications for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalithasri Ramasubramanian
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (P.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Priyadarsini Kumar
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (P.K.)
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children–Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Aijun Wang
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (P.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children–Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Embryonic stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle-mimetic nanovesicles rescue erectile function by enhancing penile neurovascular regeneration in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20072. [PMID: 31882614 PMCID: PMC6934510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted particular interest in various fields of biology and medicine. However, one of the major hurdles in the clinical application of EV-based therapy is their low production yield. We recently developed cell-derived EV-mimetic nanovesicles (NVs) by extruding cells serially through filters with diminishing pore sizes (10, 5, and 1 μm). Here, we demonstrate in diabetic mice that embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived EV-mimetic NVs (ESC-NVs) completely restore erectile function (~96% of control values) through enhanced penile angiogenesis and neural regeneration in vivo, whereas ESC partially restores erectile function (~77% of control values). ESC-NVs promoted tube formation in primary cultured mouse cavernous endothelial cells and pericytes under high-glucose condition in vitro; and accelerated microvascular and neurite sprouting from aortic ring and major pelvic ganglion under high-glucose condition ex vivo, respectively. ESC-NVs enhanced the expression of angiogenic and neurotrophic factors (hepatocyte growth factor, angiopoietin-1, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin-3), and activated cell survival and proliferative factors (Akt and ERK). Therefore, it will be a better strategy to use ESC-NVs than ESCs in patients with erectile dysfunction refractory to pharmacotherapy, although it remains to be solved for future clinical application of ESC.
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Shi X, Cheng Q, Hou T, Han M, Smbatyan G, Lang JE, Epstein AL, Lenz HJ, Zhang Y. Genetically Engineered Cell-Derived Nanoparticles for Targeted Breast Cancer Immunotherapy. Mol Ther 2019; 28:536-547. [PMID: 31843452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized membranous vesicles secreted by a variety of cells. Due to their unique and pharmacologically important properties, cell-derived exosome nanoparticles have drawn significant interest for drug development. By genetically modifying exosomes with two distinct types of surface-displayed monoclonal antibodies, we have developed an exosome platform termed synthetic multivalent antibodies retargeted exosome (SMART-Exo) for controlling cellular immunity. Here, we apply this approach to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-expressing breast cancer by engineering exosomes through genetic display of both anti-human CD3 and anti-human HER2 antibodies, resulting in SMART-Exos dually targeting T cell CD3 and breast cancer-associated HER2 receptors. By redirecting and activating cytotoxic T cells toward attacking HER2-expressing breast cancer cells, the designed SMART-Exos exhibited highly potent and specific anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. This work demonstrates preclinical feasibility of utilizing endogenous exosomes for targeted breast cancer immunotherapy and the SMART-Exos as a broadly applicable platform technology for the development of next-generation immuno-nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Qinqin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Tianling Hou
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Menglu Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Goar Smbatyan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Julie E Lang
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Alan L Epstein
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Research Center for Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Zhang YF, Shi JB, Li C. Small extracellular vesicle loading systems in cancer therapy: Current status and the way forward. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:1122-1136. [PMID: 31699595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic chemotherapy is a conventional and important strategy for inhibition of cancer progression, but it is usually accompanied by various adverse effects. Targeting drug delivery systems, effective tools to avoid the adverse effects of chemotherapy, have been intensively studied and developed. Recently, the emerging application of exosomes and exosome-mimics (small extracellular vesicles [sEVs]) in targeted drug delivery and therapeutics has been widely appreciated. The sEVs-based delivery system comprises three basic components: vesicles, cargoes and surface decorations. In this article, we review the current status, existing challenges and future directions in this field from the following aspects: selection and production of vesicles; cargoes and methods to load them into vesicles; modifications to the surfaces of vesicles; as well as ways to prolong the half-life of sEVs in the circulation. Existing and emerging data indicate that sEVs are promising nanocarriers for clinical use, but additional efforts are needed to translate research findings into therapeutic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Feng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jin-Bo Shi
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Son SH, Oh JM, Gangadaran P, Ji HD, Lee HW, Rajendran RL, Baek SH, Gopal A, Kalimuthu S, Jeong SY, Lee SW, Lee J, Ahn BC. White blood cell labeling with Technetium-99m ( 99mTc) using red blood cell extracellular vesicles-mimetics. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2019; 80:102375. [PMID: 31655394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2019.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles, have gained increasing attention for their application in drug delivery. Here, we developed a novel method for radiolabeling WBCs with 99mTc using RBC-derived extracellular vesicles -mimetics (EVMs), and monitored in vivo inflammation tracking of 99mTc-WBC using gamma camera in acute inflammation mouse model. METHODS Engineered EVMs from RBCs were produced by a one-step extrusion method. RBC-EVMs were analyzed by NTA and TEM. Cells were labeled with 99mTc by using 99mTc-RBC-EVMs. Inflammation mice model was prepared and confirmed by 18F-FDG PET/CT. 99mTc-WBCs were injected in mice, and their biodistribution was analyzed by gamma camera. FINDING The radiochemical purity of 99mTc-RBC-EVMs was 100%. The 99mTc-labeling did't affect the size and morphology. The 99mTc in the cytoplasm of RBC-EVMs was successfully confirmed by high angle annular dark field STEM (scanning transmission electron microscope). Cells were successfully labeled with 99mTc using 99mTc-RBC-EVMs, and the counts per minute was increased in dose- and time-dependent manners. The 18F-FDG PET/CT images confirmed establishment of acute inflammation (left mouse foot). 99mTc-WBCs showed higher uptake in the inflamed foot than non-inflamed foot. INTERPRETATION This novel method for radiolabeling WBCs using RBC-EVMs. 99mTc labeling may be a feasible method to monitor the in vivo biodistribution of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Son
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Dong Ji
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hwan Baek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Arunnehru Gopal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Senthilkumar Kalimuthu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Young Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Park KS, Svennerholm K, Shelke GV, Bandeira E, Lässer C, Jang SC, Chandode R, Gribonika I, Lötvall J. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived nanovesicles ameliorate bacterial outer membrane vesicle-induced sepsis via IL-10. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:231. [PMID: 31370884 PMCID: PMC6676541 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis remains a source of high mortality in hospitalized patients despite proper antibiotic approaches. Encouragingly, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their produced extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to elicit anti-inflammatory effects in multiple inflammatory conditions including sepsis. However, EVs are generally released from mammalian cells in relatively low amounts, and high-yield isolation of EVs is still challenging due to a complicated procedure. To get over these limitations, vesicles very similar to EVs can be produced by serial extrusions of cells, after which they are called nanovesicles (NVs). We hypothesized that MSC-derived NVs can attenuate the cytokine storm induced by bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in mice, and we aimed to elucidate the mechanism involved. Methods NVs were produced from MSCs by the breakdown of cells through serial extrusions and were subsequently floated in a density gradient. Morphology and the number of NVs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with Escherichia coli-derived OMVs to establish sepsis, and then injected with 2 × 109 NVs. Innate inflammation was assessed in peritoneal fluid and blood through investigation of infiltration of cells and cytokine production. The biodistribution of NVs labeled with Cy7 dye was analyzed using near-infrared imaging. Results Electron microscopy showed that NVs have a nanometer-size spherical shape and harbor classical EV marker proteins. In mice, NVs inhibited eye exudates and hypothermia, signs of a systemic cytokine storm, induced by intraperitoneal injection of OMVs. Moreover, NVs significantly suppressed cytokine release into the systemic circulation, as well as neutrophil and monocyte infiltration in the peritoneum. The protective effect of NVs was significantly reduced by prior treatment with anti-interleukin (IL)-10 monoclonal antibody. In biodistribution study, NVs spread to the whole mouse body and localized in the lung, liver, and kidney at 6 h. Conclusions Taken together, these data indicate that MSC-derived NVs have beneficial effects in a mouse model of sepsis by upregulating the IL-10 production, suggesting that artificial NVs may be novel EV-mimetics clinically applicable to septic patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1352-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Su Park
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kristina Svennerholm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ganesh V Shelke
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elga Bandeira
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Su Chul Jang
- Codiak BioSciences Inc, 500 Technology Square, 9th floor, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rakesh Chandode
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inta Gribonika
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Theories about the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) refer to the potential of primary islet inflammatory signaling as a trigger for the loss of self-tolerance leading to disease onset. Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EV) may represent the missing link between inflammation and autoimmunity. Here, we review the evidence for a role of EV in the pathogenesis of T1D, as well as discuss their potential value in the clinical sphere, as biomarkers and therapeutic agents. RECENT FINDINGS EV derived from β cells are enriched in diabetogenic autoantigens and miRNAs that are selectively sorted and packaged. These EV play a pivotal role in antigen presentation and cell to cell communication leading to activation of autoimmune responses. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests the potential of EV as novel tools in clinical diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. In-depth analysis of EV cargo using modern multi-parametric technologies may be useful in enhancing our understanding of EV-mediated immune mechanisms and in identifying robust biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Negi
- Human Islet Transplant Laboratory, Department of Surgery, D5.5736, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Alissa K Rutman
- Human Islet Transplant Laboratory, Department of Surgery, D5.5736, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Steven Paraskevas
- Human Islet Transplant Laboratory, Department of Surgery, D5.5736, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada.
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48
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Lee DS, Suh MI, Kang SY, Hwang DW. Physiologic constraints of using exosomes in vivo as systemic delivery vehicles. PRECISION NANOMEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.33218/prnano2(3)070819.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic delivery of exosomes meets hurdles which had not been elucidated using live molecular imaging for their biodistribution. Production and uptake of endogenous exosomes are expected to be nonspecific and specific, respectively, where external stimuli of production of exosomes and their quantitative degree of productions are not understood. Despite this lack of understanding of basic physiology of in vivo behavior of exosomes including their possible paracrine or endocrine actions, many engineering efforts are taken to develop therapeutic vehicles. Especially, the fraction of exosomes’ taking the routes of waste disposal and exerting target actions are not characterized after systemic administration. Here, we reviewed the literature about in vivo distribution and disposal/excretion of exogenous or endogenous exosomes and, from these limited resources of knowledge currently available, summarized the knowledge and the uncertainties of exosomes on physiologic standpoints. An eloquent example of the investigations to understand the roles and confounders of exosomes’ action in the brain was highlighted with emphasis on the recent discovery of brain lymphatics and hypothesis of glymphatic/lymphatic clearance pathways in diseases as well as in physiologic processes. The possibility of delivering therapeutic exosomes through the systemic circulation, across blood-brain barriers and finally to target cells such as microglia, astrocytes and/or neurons is a good testbed in which the investigators can formulate problems to solve for both understanding (science) and application (engineering).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - MInseok Suh
- 2Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University,
| | - Seo Young Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul,
| | - Do Won Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Nasiri Kenari A, Kastaniegaard K, Greening DW, Shambrook M, Stensballe A, Cheng L, Hill AF. Proteomic and Post-Translational Modification Profiling of Exosome-Mimetic Nanovesicles Compared to Exosomes. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800161. [PMID: 30790448 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Issues associated with upscaling exosome production for therapeutic use may be overcome through utilizing artificial exosomes. Cell-derived mimetic nanovesicles (M-NVs) are a potentially promising alternative to exosomes for clinical applicability, demonstrating higher yield without incumbent production and isolation issues. Although several studies have shown that M-NVs have similar morphology, size and therapeutic potential compared to exosomes, comprehensive characterization and to what extent M-NVs components mimic exosomes remain elusive. M-NVs were generated through the extrusion of cells and proteomic profiling demonstrated an enrichment of proteins associated with membrane and cytosolic components. The proteomic data herein reveal a subset of proteins that are highly abundant in M-NVs in comparison to exosomes. M-NVs contain proteins that largely represent the parental cell proteome, whereas the profile of exosomal proteins highlight their endosomally derived origin. This advantage of M-NVs alleviates the necessity of endosomal sorting of endogenous therapeutic proteins or RNA into exosomes. This study also highlights differences in protein post-translational modifications among M-NVs, as distinct from exosomes. Overall this study provides key insights into defining the proteome composition of M-NVs as a distinct from exosomes, and the potential advantage of M-NVs as an alternative nanocarrier when spontaneous endosomal sorting of therapeutics are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirmohammad Nasiri Kenari
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Kenneth Kastaniegaard
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark
| | - David W Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Mitch Shambrook
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
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50
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Oh JE, Choi OK, Park HS, Jung HS, Ryu SJ, Lee YD, Lee SA, Chung SS, Choi EY, Lee DS, Gho YS, Lee H, Park KS. Direct differentiation of bone marrow mononucleated cells into insulin producing cells using pancreatic β-cell-derived components. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5343. [PMID: 30926860 PMCID: PMC6441031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of stem cell-derived insulin producing cells (IPCs) has been proposed as an alternative to islet transplantation for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, current IPC differentiation protocols are focused on generating functional cells from the pluripotent stem cells and tend to rely on multistep, long-term exposure to various exogenous factors. In this study, we addressed the observation that under stress, pancreatic β-cells release essential components that direct the differentiation of the bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs) into IPCs. Without any supplementation with known differentiation-inducing factors, IPCs can be generated from BMNCs by in vitro priming for 6 days with conditioned media (CM) from the β-cells. In vitro primed BMNCs expressed the β-cell-specific transcription factors, as well as insulin, and improved hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance after transplantation into the streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Furthermore, we have found that components of the CM which trigger the differentiation were enclosed by or integrated into micro particles (MPs), rather than being secreted as soluble factors. Identification of these differentiation-directing factors might enable us to develop novel technologies required for the production of clinically applicable IPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Eun Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kyung Choi
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seon Park
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Jung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeong Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Deok Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Chung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sup Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakmo Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, 05368, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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