1
|
Jambhulkar S, Ravichandran D, Zhu Y, Thippanna V, Ramanathan A, Patil D, Fonseca N, Thummalapalli SV, Sundaravadivelan B, Sun A, Xu W, Yang S, Kannan AM, Golan Y, Lancaster J, Chen L, Joyee EB, Song K. Nanoparticle Assembly: From Self-Organization to Controlled Micropatterning for Enhanced Functionalities. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306394. [PMID: 37775949 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles form long-range micropatterns via self-assembly or directed self-assembly with superior mechanical, electrical, optical, magnetic, chemical, and other functional properties for broad applications, such as structural supports, thermal exchangers, optoelectronics, microelectronics, and robotics. The precisely defined particle assembly at the nanoscale with simultaneously scalable patterning at the microscale is indispensable for enabling functionality and improving the performance of devices. This article provides a comprehensive review of nanoparticle assembly formed primarily via the balance of forces at the nanoscale (e.g., van der Waals, colloidal, capillary, convection, and chemical forces) and nanoparticle-template interactions (e.g., physical confinement, chemical functionalization, additive layer-upon-layer). The review commences with a general overview of nanoparticle self-assembly, with the state-of-the-art literature review and motivation. It subsequently reviews the recent progress in nanoparticle assembly without the presence of surface templates. Manufacturing techniques for surface template fabrication and their influence on nanoparticle assembly efficiency and effectiveness are then explored. The primary focus is the spatial organization and orientational preference of nanoparticles on non-templated and pre-templated surfaces in a controlled manner. Moreover, the article discusses broad applications of micropatterned surfaces, encompassing various fields. Finally, the review concludes with a summary of manufacturing methods, their limitations, and future trends in nanoparticle assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayli Jambhulkar
- Systems Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Dharneedar Ravichandran
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Yuxiang Zhu
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Varunkumar Thippanna
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Arunachalam Ramanathan
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Dhanush Patil
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Nathan Fonseca
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Sri Vaishnavi Thummalapalli
- Manufacturing Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Barath Sundaravadivelan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Allen Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Weiheng Xu
- Systems Engineering, School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Sui Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (SEMTE), Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Arunachala Mada Kannan
- The Polytechnic School (TPS), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Yuval Golan
- Department of Materials Engineering and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Jessica Lancaster
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA
| | - Erina B Joyee
- Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Kenan Song
- School of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural, and Mechanical Engineering (ECAM), College of Engineering, University of Georgia (UGA), Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Adjunct Professor of School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks (MSN), Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University (ASU), Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei J, Yu Y, Matsuo Y, Zhang L, Mitomo H, Chen Y, Ijiro K, Zhang Z. Size Segregation of Gold Nanoparticles into Bilayer-like Vesicular Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 38039385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Size segregation of nanoparticles with different sizes into highly ordered, unique nanostructures is important for their practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate spontaneous self-assembly of the binary mixtures of small and large gold nanoparticles (GNPs; 5/15, 5/20, or 10/20 in diameter) in the presence of a tetra(ethylene glycol)-terminated octafluoro-4,4'-biphenol ligand, namely, TeOFBL, resulting in a size-segregated assembly. The outer single layer of large GNPs forming a gold nanoparticle vesicle (GNV) encapsulated the inner vesicle-like assembly composed of small GNPs, which is referred to as bilayer-like GNV and similar to the molecular bilayer structure of a liposome. The size segregation was driven by the solvophobic feature of the TeOFBLs on the surface of GNPs. A time-course study indicated that size segregation occurred instantaneously during the mixing stage of the self-organization process. The size-segregated precursors quickly fused with each other through the inner-inner and outer-outer layer fashion to form the bilayer-like GNV. This study provides a new approach to creating biomimetic bilayer capsules with different physical properties for potential applications such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering and drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Wei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yasutaka Matsuo
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Liang Zhang
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, P. R. China
| | - Hideyuki Mitomo
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuqin Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Kuniharu Ijiro
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Zhide Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun J, Shi Z, Liu X, Ma Y, Li R, Chen S, Xin S, Wang N, Jia S, Wu K. Theoretical Investigation on the Metamaterials Based on the Magnetic Template-Assisted Self-Assembly of Magnetic-Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Adjustable Photonic Responses. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8681-8689. [PMID: 37782892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of artificial nano- or microstructured materials with tunable functionalities and structures, mimicking nature's complexity, holds great potential for numerous novel applications. Despite remarkable progress in synthesizing colloidal molecules with diverse functionalities, most current methods, such as the capillarity-assisted particle assembly method, the ionic assembly method based on ionic interactions, or the field-directed assembly strategy based on dipole-dipole interactions, are confined to focusing on achieving symmetrical molecules. But there have been few examples of fabricating asymmetrical colloidal molecules that could exhibit unprecedented optical properties. Here, we introduce a microfluidic and magnetic template-assisted self-assembly protocol that relies mainly on the magnetic dipole-dipole interactions between magnetized magnetic-plasmonic nanoparticles and the mechanical constraints resulting from the specially designed traps. This novel strategy not only requires no specific chemistry but also enables magnetophoretic control of magnetic-plasmonic nanoparticles during the assembly process. Moreover, the assembled asymmetrical colloidal molecules also exhibit interesting hybridized plasmon modes and produce exotic optical properties due to the strong coupling of the individual nanoparticle. The ability to fabricate asymmetrical colloidal molecules based on the bottom-up method opens up a new direction for the fabrication of novel microscale structures for biosensing, patterning, and delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zongqian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shumin Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shenli Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thelen T, Jara A, Torres-Díaz I. Synergistic interactions of binary suspensions of magnetic anisotropic particles. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:640-651. [PMID: 36594605 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01234k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the effect of the dipole-dipole interaction and shape anisotropy in suspensions of permanently magnetized anisotropic particles. We quantify the dipolar interaction energy using an ellipsoid-dipole model to describe particles with similar or dissimilar shapes. The expression captures the physics of the point-dipole interaction energy between uniformly magnetized spherical particles. Additionally, we report Monte Carlo simulations to describe the effect of dipolar interaction and shape anisotropy under different field strengths. Results show that the shape anisotropy and dipolar interactions modify the head-to-tail interaction with respect to spheres, promoting dendritic and barbed-wire structures in uniform ellipsoids and binary mixtures, respectively. Furthermore, competing entropic and energy interactions generate a synergistic effect reducing the magnetic response of binary suspensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thelen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
| | - Adriana Jara
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
| | - Isaac Torres-Díaz
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chai Z, Childress A, Busnaina AA. Directed Assembly of Nanomaterials for Making Nanoscale Devices and Structures: Mechanisms and Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17641-17686. [PMID: 36269234 PMCID: PMC9706815 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanofabrication has been utilized to manufacture one-, two-, and three-dimensional functional nanostructures for applications such as electronics, sensors, and photonic devices. Although conventional silicon-based nanofabrication (top-down approach) has developed into a technique with extremely high precision and integration density, nanofabrication based on directed assembly (bottom-up approach) is attracting more interest recently owing to its low cost and the advantages of additive manufacturing. Directed assembly is a process that utilizes external fields to directly interact with nanoelements (nanoparticles, 2D nanomaterials, nanotubes, nanowires, etc.) and drive the nanoelements to site-selectively assemble in patterned areas on substrates to form functional structures. Directed assembly processes can be divided into four different categories depending on the external fields: electric field-directed assembly, fluidic flow-directed assembly, magnetic field-directed assembly, and optical field-directed assembly. In this review, we summarize recent progress utilizing these four processes and address how these directed assembly processes harness the external fields, the underlying mechanism of how the external fields interact with the nanoelements, and the advantages and drawbacks of utilizing each method. Finally, we discuss applications made using directed assembly and provide a perspective on the future developments and challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Chai
- State
Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- NSF
Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing
(CHN), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Anthony Childress
- NSF
Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing
(CHN), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Ahmed A. Busnaina
- NSF
Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing
(CHN), Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Burger P, Singh G, Johansson C, Moya C, Bruylants G, Jakob G, Kalaboukhov A. Atomic Force Manipulation of Single Magnetic Nanoparticles for Spin-Based Electronics. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19253-19260. [PMID: 36315462 PMCID: PMC9706809 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are instrumental for fabrication of tailored nanomagnetic structures, especially where top-down lithographic patterning is not feasible. Here, we demonstrate precise and controllable manipulation of individual magnetite MNPs using the tip of an atomic force microscope. We verify our approach by placing a single MNP with a diameter of 50 nm on top of a 100 nm Hall bar fabricated in a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas (q2DEG) at the oxide interface between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 (LAO/STO). A hysteresis loop due to the magnetic hysteresis properties of the magnetite MNPs was observed in the Hall resistance. Further, the effective coercivity of the Hall resistance hysteresis loop could be changed upon field cooling at different angles of the cooling field with respect to the measuring field. The effect is associated with the alignment of the MNP magnetic moment along the easy axis closest to the external field direction across the Verwey transition in magnetite. Our results can facilitate experimental realization of magnetic proximity devices using single MNPs and two-dimensional materials for spin-based nanoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Burger
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience - MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, GothenburgSE-41296, Sweden
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience - MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, GothenburgSE-41296, Sweden
- The
Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Barcelona08193, Spain
| | - Christer Johansson
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience - MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, GothenburgSE-41296, Sweden
- RISE
Research Institutes of Sweden AB, GothenburgSE-41133, Sweden
| | - Carlos Moya
- Engineering
of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels1050, Belgium
| | - Gilles Bruylants
- Engineering
of Molecular NanoSystems, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels1050, Belgium
| | - Gerhard Jakob
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Alexei Kalaboukhov
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience - MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, GothenburgSE-41296, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yin B, Jia H, Wang H, Chen R, Xu L, Zhao YS, Zhang C, Yao J. Magnetic-Field-Driven Reconfigurable Microsphere Arrays for Laser Display Pixels. ACS NANO 2022; 17:1187-1195. [PMID: 36410359 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reconfigurable microlaser arrays are essential to the construction of display panels where the individual pixel should be highly tunable in resonance mode, optical polarization, and lasing wavelength upon external control signals. Here we demonstrate a facile yet reliable approach to fabrication of organic microlaser pixels, in which the assembly of microsphere arrays on each pixel is controlled according to the near-field magnetostatic confinement. The geometrical configuration of diamagnetic microspheres could be readily modulated with the near-field potential traps by using the external field to alternate the saturation magnetization of the underneath micromagnet. The motion of microspheres can be modulated among several states upon applied field, and the reconfigurable microsphere array is thus achieved with high spatial precision and rapid temporal response. Moreover, both isolated and coupled spheres serve as low-threshold microlasers with tunable optical resonance modes, whereas the switching between the vertical and horizontal alignments of coupled spheres manipulates the polarization of lasing outputs. By repeating the magnetostatic confinement on the same substrate, the full-color laser display pixels with magnetically tunable color expression capability are successfully achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baipeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Al Harraq A, Hymel AA, Lin E, Truskett TM, Bharti B. Dual nature of magnetic nanoparticle dispersions enables control over short-range attraction and long-range repulsion interactions. Commun Chem 2022; 5:72. [PMID: 36697688 PMCID: PMC9814898 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Competition between attractive and repulsive interactions drives the formation of complex phases in colloidal suspensions. A major experimental challenge lies in decoupling independent roles of attractive and repulsive forces in governing the equilibrium morphology and long-range spatial distribution of assemblies. Here, we uncover the 'dual nature' of magnetic nanoparticle dispersions, particulate and continuous, enabling control of the short-range attraction and long-range repulsion (SALR) between suspended microparticles. We show that non-magnetic microparticles suspended in an aqueous magnetic nanoparticle dispersion simultaneously experience a short-range depletion attraction due to the particulate nature of the fluid in competition with an in situ tunable long-range magnetic dipolar repulsion attributed to the continuous nature of the fluid. The study presents an experimental platform for achieving in situ control over SALR between colloids leading to the formation of reconfigurable structures of unusual morphologies, which are not obtained using external fields or depletion interactions alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Harraq
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Aubry A Hymel
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Emily Lin
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Bhuvnesh Bharti
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Harraq A, Choudhury BD, Bharti B. Field-Induced Assembly and Propulsion of Colloids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3001-3016. [PMID: 35238204 PMCID: PMC8928473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Electric and magnetic fields have enabled both technological applications and fundamental discoveries in the areas of bottom-up material synthesis, dynamic phase transitions, and biophysics of living matter. Electric and magnetic fields are versatile external sources of energy that power the assembly and self-propulsion of colloidal particles. In this Invited Feature Article, we classify the mechanisms by which external fields impact the structure and dynamics in colloidal dispersions and augment their nonequilibrium behavior. The paper is purposely intended to highlight the similarities between electrically and magnetically actuated phenomena, providing a brief treatment of the origin of the two fields to understand the intrinsic analogies and differences. We survey the progress made in the static and dynamic assembly of colloids and the self-propulsion of active particles. Recent reports of assembly-driven propulsion and propulsion-driven assembly have blurred the conceptual boundaries and suggest an evolution in the research of nonequilibrium colloidal materials. We highlight the emergence of colloids powered by external fields as model systems to understand living matter and provide a perspective on future challenges in the area of field-induced colloidal phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed
Al Harraq
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Brishty Deb Choudhury
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Bhuvnesh Bharti
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yin B, Jia H, Chen R, Chang Q, Feng J, Gao H, Wu Y, Jiang L, Zhang C. Magnetic Domain Confined Printing of Programmable Organic Microcrystal Assemblies for Information Encryption. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108279. [PMID: 35023586 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale assembly of organic micro/nanocrystals into well-defined patterns with programmable structures is essential for applications such as information encryption at both high data density and high security level. Here, a magnetic-field-assisted approach that produces programmable assemblies of organic microcrystals with various shapes and orientations, using the magnetic domains of the underlying ferromagnetic metal microarrays as the printing templates, is developed. The diamagnetic microcrystals tend to aggregate in the regions of minimal field strength, and thus their assembly behavior is precisely controlled by the local field distribution on top of magnetic domains on substrate. The dynamic assembly process of microcrystal assemblies can be programmed upon the sequence of applied field, and their shape changes are ≈100% reproducible on a large scale (>20 000 sites over 1 cm2 ). These features of magnetically programmable assemblies are ideally suited for information encryption, for which the encryption-decryption-erasing of multilevel information from a QR-code pattern based on the microcrystal assemblies under magnetic field is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baipeng Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingda Chang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barad HN, Kwon H, Alarcón-Correa M, Fischer P. Large Area Patterning of Nanoparticles and Nanostructures: Current Status and Future Prospects. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5861-5875. [PMID: 33830726 PMCID: PMC8155328 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles possess exceptional optical, magnetic, electrical, and chemical properties. Several applications, ranging from surfaces for optical displays and electronic devices, to energy conversion, require large-area patterns of nanoparticles. Often, it is crucial to maintain a defined arrangement and spacing between nanoparticles to obtain a consistent and uniform surface response. In the majority of the established patterning methods, the pattern is written and formed, which is slow and not scalable. Some parallel techniques, forming all points of the pattern simultaneously, have therefore emerged. These methods can be used to quickly assemble nanoparticles and nanostructures on large-area substrates into well-ordered patterns. Here, we review these parallel methods, the materials that have been processed by them, and the types of particles that can be used with each method. We also emphasize the maximal substrate areas that each method can pattern and the distances between particles. Finally, we point out the advantages and disadvantages of each method, as well as the challenges that still need to be addressed to enable facile, on-demand large-area nanopatterning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah-Noa Barad
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hyunah Kwon
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mariana Alarcón-Correa
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max
Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhong T, Andrews M, Fournier P, Dion M. Permanent encoding of nano‐ to macro‐scale hierarchies of order from evaporative magnetic fluids. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry McGill University Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Mark Andrews
- Department of Chemistry McGill University Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Patrick Fournier
- Institut quantique Regroupement québécois sur les matériaux de pointe et Département de physique Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Québec Canada
| | - Maxime Dion
- Institut quantique Regroupement québécois sur les matériaux de pointe et Département de physique Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Québec Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang H, Wang W, Peng Z, Yang F, Zhang X, Ding Y, Li K, Wang C, Gan D, Gong J. Magnetic Organic-Inorganic Nanohybrid for Efficient Modification of Paraffin Hydrocarbon Crystallization in Model Oil. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:591-599. [PMID: 31909630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization modification has been applied in many fields, such as materials science, petroleum engineering, and chemical engineering. The modification of organic-inorganic hybrids via paraffin hydrocarbon crystallization has been significantly important for the exploration of undersea oil and gas resources. In this work, a metal oxide organic-inorganic hybrid pour point depressant (MOIH-PPD) is provided along with an analysis of the microscopic structure of the paraffin hydrocarbon crystal employing small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction. The MOIH-PPD modified crystal grain exhibited a decrease in the long period and in the radius of gyration of the crystal grain and an increase in the thickness of the interface layer compared with those of the unmodified paraffin crystal. In addition, the synergistic effect of heterogeneous nucleation and the magnetic response of MOIH-PPD on the paraffin hydrocarbon system was also investigated, revealing that the synergism modification yields stress superior to that of MOIH-PPD or magnetic field alone, which provides insight into the possibility of the modification of paraffin hydrocarbon crystallization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , P. R. China
| | - Zeheng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , P. R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , China
| | - Yanfen Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , P. R. China
| | - Chuanshuo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , P. R. China
| | - Dongying Gan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Tavacoli JW, Heuvingh J, Du Roure O. Assembly Modulated by Particle Position and Shape: A New Concept in Self-Assembly. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E1291. [PMID: 29125551 PMCID: PMC5706238 DOI: 10.3390/ma10111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this communication we outline how the bespoke arrangements and design of micron-sized superparamagnetic shapes provide levers to modulate their assembly under homogeneous magnetic fields. We label this new approach, 'assembly modulated by particle position and shape' (APPS). Specifically, using rectangular lattices of superparamagnetic micron-sized cuboids, we construct distinct microstructures by adjusting lattice pitch and angle of array with respect to a magnetic field. Broadly, we find two modes of assembly: (1) immediate 2D jamming of the cuboids as they rotate to align with the applied field (rotation-induced jamming) and (2) aggregation via translation after their full alignment (dipole-dipole assembly). The boundary between these two assembly pathways is independent on field strength being solely a function of the cuboid's dimensions, lattice pitch, and array angle with respect to field-a relationship which we capture, along with other features of the assembly process, in a 'phase diagram'. In doing so, we set out initial design rules to build custom made assemblies. Moreover, these assemblies can be made flexible thanks to the hinged contacts of their particle building blocks. This flexibility, combined with the superparamagnetic nature of the architectures, renders our assembly method particularly appropriate for the construction of complex actuators at a scale hitherto not possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe W Tavacoli
- Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
- Department of Energy of Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Julien Heuvingh
- Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Olivia Du Roure
- Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Au TH, Trinh DT, Tong QC, Do DB, Nguyen DP, Phan MH, Lai ND. Direct Laser Writing of Magneto-Photonic Sub-Microstructures for Prospective Applications in Biomedical Engineering. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E105. [PMID: 28486409 PMCID: PMC5449986 DOI: 10.3390/nano7050105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of desired magneto-photonic devices by a low one-photon absorption (LOPA) direct laser writing (DLW) technique on a photocurable nanocomposite consisting of magnetite ( Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles and a commercial SU-8 photoresist. The magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized by mixing Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles with different kinds of SU-8 photoresists. We demonstrated that the degree of dispersion of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles in the nanocomposite depended on the concentration of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, the viscosity of SU-8 resist, and the mixing time. By tuning these parameters, the most homogeneous magnetic nanocomposite was obtained with a concentration of about 2 wt % of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles in SU-8 2005 photoresist for the mixing time of 20 days. The LOPA-based DLW technique was employed to fabricate on demand various magneto-photonic submicrometer structures, which are similar to those obtained without Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. The magneto-photonic 2D and 3D structures with sizes as small as 150 nm were created. We demonstrated the strong magnetic field responses of the magneto-photonic nanostructures and their use as micro-actuators when immersed in a liquid solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Huong Au
- Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire, UMR 8537, École Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Centrale Supélec, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 61 avenue de Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France.
| | - Duc Thien Trinh
- Faculty of Physics, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Quang Cong Tong
- Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire, UMR 8537, École Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Centrale Supélec, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 61 avenue de Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France.
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Danh Bich Do
- Faculty of Physics, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Dang Phu Nguyen
- Faculty of Physics, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Manh-Huong Phan
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Ngoc Diep Lai
- Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire, UMR 8537, École Normale Supérieure de Cachan, Centrale Supélec, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 61 avenue de Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sikdar D, Bucher A, Zagar C, Kornyshev AA. Electrochemical plasmonic metamaterials: towards fast electro-tuneable reflecting nanoshutters. Faraday Discuss 2017; 199:585-602. [PMID: 28429003 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00249h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling arrays of metallic nanoparticles at liquid|liquid or liquid|solid interfaces could deliver new platforms for tuneable optical systems. Such systems can switch between very-high and very-low reflectance states upon assembly and disassembly of nanoparticles at the interface, respectively. This encourages creation of electro-variably reversible mirror/window nanoplasmonic devices. However, the response time of these systems is usually limited by the rate-of-diffusion of the nanoparticles in the liquid, towards the interface and back. A large time-constant implies slow switching of the system, challenging the practical viability of such a system. Here we introduce a smart alternative to overcome this issue. We propose obtaining fast switching via electrically-induced rotation of a two-dimensional array of metal nanocuboids tethered to an ITO substrate. By applying potential to the ITO electrode the orientation of nanocuboids can be altered, which results in conversion of a highly-reflective nanoparticle layer into a transparent layer (or vice versa) within sub-second timescales. A theoretical method is developed based on the quasi-static effective-medium approach to analyse the optical response of such arrays, which is verified against full-wave simulations. Further theoretical analysis and estimates based on the potential energy of the nanoparticles in the two orientations corroborate the idea that voltage-controlled switching between the two states of a nanoparticle assembly is a viable option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Sikdar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Alwin Bucher
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Cristian Zagar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Alexei A Kornyshev
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tuning coercive force by adjusting electric potential in solution processed Co/Pt(111) and the mechanism involved. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43700. [PMID: 28255160 PMCID: PMC5334650 DOI: 10.1038/srep43700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of a solution process and the control of the electric potential for magnetism represents a new approach to operating spintronic devices with a highly controlled efficiency and lower power consumption with reduced production cost. As a paradigmatic example, we investigated Co/Pt(111) in the Bloch-wall regime. The depression in coercive force was detected by applying a negative electric potential in an electrolytic solution. The reversible control of coercive force by varying the electric potential within few hundred millivolts is demonstrated. By changing the electric potential in ferromagnetic layers with smaller thicknesses, the efficiency for controlling the tunable coercive force becomes higher. Assuming that the pinning domains are independent of the applied electric potential, an electric potential tuning-magnetic anisotropy energy model was derived and provided insights into our knowledge of the relation between the electric potential tuning coercive force and the thickness of the ferromagnetic layer. Based on the fact that the coercive force can be tuned by changing the electric potential using a solution process, we developed a novel concept of electric-potential-tuned magnetic recording, resulting in a stable recording media with a high degree of writing ability.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lopez-Barbosa N, Gamarra JD, Osma JF. The future point-of-care detection of disease and its data capture and handling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2827-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
20
|
Xue X, Wang J, Furlani EP. Self-Assembly of Crystalline Structures of Magnetic Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Fabrication of Nanostructured Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:22515-22524. [PMID: 26389965 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical study is presented of the template-assisted formation of crystalline superstructures of magnetic-dielectric core-shell particles. The templates produce highly localized gradient fields and a corresponding magnetic force that guides the assembly with nanoscale precision in particle placement. The process is studied using two distinct and complementary computational models that predict the dynamics and energy of the particles, respectively. Both mono- and polydisperse colloids are studied, and the analysis demonstrates for the first time that although the particles self-assemble into ordered crystalline superstructures, the particle formation is not unique. There is a Brownian motion-induced degeneracy in the process wherein various distinct, energetically comparable crystalline structures can form for a given template geometry. The models predict the formation of hexagonal close packed (HCP) and face centered cubic (FCC) structures as well as mixed phase structures due to in-plane stacking disorders, which is consistent with experimental observations. The polydisperse particle structures are less uniform than the monodisperse particle structures because of the irregular packing of different-sized particles. A comparison of self-assembly using soft- and hard-magnetic templates is also presented, the former being magnetized in a uniform field. This analysis shows that soft-magnetic templates enable an order-of-magnitude more rapid assembly and much higher spatial resolution in particle placement than their hard-magnetic counterparts. The self-assembly method discussed is versatile and broadly applies to arbitrary template geometries and multilayered and multifunctional mono- and polydisperse core-shell particles that have at least one magnetic component. As such, the method holds potential for the bottom-up fabrication of functional nanostructured materials for a broad range of applications. This work provides unprecedented insight into the assembly process, especially with respect to the viability and potential fundamental limitations of realizing structure-dependent material properties for applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Xue
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo SUNY , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jianchao Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo SUNY , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Edward P Furlani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo SUNY , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| |
Collapse
|