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Saha T, Fojtů M, Nagar AV, Thurakkal L, Srinivasan BB, Mukherjee M, Sibiyon A, Aggarwal H, Samuel A, Dash C, Jang HL, Sengupta S. Antibody nanoparticle conjugate-based targeted immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi2046. [PMID: 38875335 PMCID: PMC11177938 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which activate T cells, is a paradigm shift in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. However, the overall response remains low. To address this limitation, here we describe a novel platform, termed antibody-conjugated drug-loaded nanotherapeutics (ADN), which combines immunotherapy and molecularly targeted therapy. An ADN was designed with an anti-CD47 and anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) antibody pair on the surface of the nanoparticle and a molecularly targeted inhibitor of the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/AKT/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway, PI103, entrapped in the nanoparticle. The anti-CD47-PDL1-ADN exhibited greater antitumor efficacy than current treatment options with a PDL1 inhibitor in vivo in an aggressive lung cancer immunocompetent mouse model. Dual antibody-drug-loaded nanotherapeutics can emerge as an attractive platform to improve outcomes with cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Saha
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela Fojtů
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Astha Vinay Nagar
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liya Thurakkal
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Balaaji Baanupriya Srinivasan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meghma Mukherjee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Astralina Sibiyon
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heena Aggarwal
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akash Samuel
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chinmayee Dash
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hae Lin Jang
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shiladitya Sengupta
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Liang H, Lu Q, Yang J, Yu G. Supramolecular Biomaterials for Cancer Immunotherapy. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0211. [PMID: 37705962 PMCID: PMC10496790 DOI: 10.34133/research.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has achieved tremendous successful clinical results and obtained historic victories in tumor treatments. However, great limitations associated with feeble immune responses and serious adverse effects still cannot be neglected due to the complicated multifactorial etiology and pathologic microenvironment in tumors. The rapid development of nanomedical science and material science has facilitated the advanced progress of engineering biomaterials to tackle critical issues. The supramolecular biomaterials with flexible and modular structures have exhibited unparalleled advantages of high cargo-loading efficiency, excellent biocompatibility, and diversiform immunomodulatory activity, thereby providing a powerful weapon for cancer immunotherapy. In past decades, supramolecular biomaterials were extensively explored as versatile delivery platforms for immunotherapeutic agents or designed to interact with the key moleculars in immune system in a precise and controllable manner. In this review, we focused on the crucial role of supramolecular biomaterials in the modulation of pivotal steps during tumor immunotherapy, including antigen delivery and presentation, T lymphocyte activation, tumor-associated macrophage elimination and repolarization, and myeloid-derived suppressor cell depletion. Based on extensive research, we explored the current limitations and development prospects of supramolecular biomaterials in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liang
- College of Science,
Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Lu
- College of Science,
Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Science,
Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Guocan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Alhamhoom Y, Kakinani G, Rahamathulla M, Ali M. Osmani R, Hani U, Yoonus Thajudeen K, Kiran Raj G, Gowda DV. Recent advances in the liposomal nanovesicles based immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer: A review. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:279-294. [PMID: 36942270 PMCID: PMC10023551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, along with chemotherapy, targeted delivery, radiation and surgery has become one of the most common cancer treatments. The aim of cancer immunology is to use the bodys immune system to combat tumors and develop a robust antitumor immune response. In the last few years, immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells have made substantial advancements in cancer immunotherapy. By boosting cell type-specific delivery and immunological responses, nanocarriers like liposomes have the ability to enhance greater immune responses. The efficacy of anti-tumor therapeutics is being significantly improved as liposomes can assist in resolving a number of issues that can arise from a variety of cancer immunotherapies. Since, liposomes can be loaded with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and protect the immunotherapeutic agents loaded inside the core, they offer significant advantages over other nano delivery systems. The use of liposomes for accurate and timely delivery of immunotherapies to particular targeted neoplasms, with little or no injury to healthy cells, maximizes immunotherapy efficacy. Liposomes are also suitable vehicles for delivering medications simultaneously with other therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, and phototherapy. Liposomal nanoparticles will be introduced and used as an objective immunotherapy delivery system for great precision, making them a viable cancer treatment approach.With an emphasis on dendritic cells, T cells, tumor and natural killer cells, and macrophages; outline of many forms of immune-therapies in oncology and cutting-edge advances in liposomal nanovesicles for cancer immunotherapy are covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Alhamhoom
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Greeshma Kakinani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohamed Rahamathulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Riyaz Ali M. Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Yoonus Thajudeen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - G. Kiran Raj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Devegowda V. Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Cauvery College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570 028, Karnataka, India
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Jiang Y, Jiang Z, Wang M, Ma L. Current understandings and clinical translation of nanomedicines for breast cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114034. [PMID: 34736986 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers that is threatening women's life. Current clinical treatment regimens for breast cancer often involve neoadjuvant and adjuvant systemic therapies, which somewhat are associated with unfavorable features. Also, the heterogeneous nature of breast cancers requires precision medicine that cannot be fulfilled by a single type of systemically administered drug. Taking advantage of the nanocarriers, nanomedicines emerge as promising therapeutic agents for breast cancer that could resolve the defects of drugs and achieve precise drug delivery to almost all sites of primary and metastatic breast tumors (e.g. tumor vasculature, tumor stroma components, breast cancer cells, and some immune cells). Seven nanomedicines as represented by Doxil® have been approved for breast cancer clinical treatment so far. More nanomedicines including both non-targeting and active targeting nanomedicines are being evaluated in the clinical trials. However, we have to realize that the translation of nanomedicines, particularly the active targeting nanomedicines is not as successful as people have expected. This review provides a comprehensive landscape of the nanomedicines for breast cancer treatment, from laboratory investigations to clinical applications. We also highlight the key advances in the understanding of the biological fate and the targeting strategies of breast cancer nanomedicine and the implications to clinical translation.
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5
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Yu L, Wei J, Liu P. Attacking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway for targeted therapeutic treatment in human cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:69-94. [PMID: 34175443 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of human death globally. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling pathways observed in cancer patients that plays crucial roles in promoting tumor initiation, progression and therapy responses. This is largely due to that PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is indispensable for many cellular biological processes, including cell growth, metastasis, survival, metabolism, and others. As such, small molecule inhibitors targeting major kinase components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway have drawn extensive attention and been developed and evaluated in preclinical models and clinical trials. Targeting a single kinase component within this signaling usually causes growth arrest rather than apoptosis associated with toxicity-induced adverse effects in patients. Combination therapies including PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors show improved patient response and clinical outcome, albeit developed resistance has been reported. In this review, we focus on revealing the mechanisms leading to the hyperactivation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in cancer and summarizing efforts for developing PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors as either mono-therapy or combination therapy in different cancer settings. We hope that this review will facilitate further understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing dysregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR oncogenic signaling in cancer and provide insights into possible future directions for targeted therapeutic regimen for cancer treatment, by developing new agents, drug delivery systems, or combination regimen to target the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This information will also provide effective patient stratification strategy to improve the patient response and clinical outcome for cancer patients with deregulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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6
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Abdelbaky SB, Ibrahim MT, Samy H, Mohamed M, Mohamed H, Mustafa M, Abdelaziz MM, Forrest ML, Khalil IA. Cancer immunotherapy from biology to nanomedicine. J Control Release 2021; 336:410-432. [PMID: 34171445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the significant drawbacks of conventional cancer chemotherapeutics, cancer immunotherapy has demonstrated the ability to eradicate cancer cells and circumvent multidrug resistance (MDR) with fewer side effects than traditional cytotoxic therapies. Various immunotherapeutic agents have been investigated for that purpose including checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, monoclonal antibodies and cancer vaccines. All these agents aid immune cells to recognize and engage tumor cells by acting on tumor-specific pathways, antigens or cellular targets. However, immunotherapeutics are still associated with some concerns such as off-target side effects and poor pharmacokinetics. Nanomedicine may resolve some limitations of current immunotherapeutics such as localizing delivery, controlling release and enhancing the pharmacokinetic profile. Herein, we discuss recent advances of immunotherapeutic agents with respect to their development and biological mechanisms of action, along with the advantages that nanomedicine strategies lend to immunotherapeutics by possibly improving therapeutic outcomes and minimizing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma B Abdelbaky
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Mayar Tarek Ibrahim
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Center for Scientific Computation, Center for Drug Discovery, Design, and Delivery (CD4), Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States of America
| | - Hebatallah Samy
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Menatalla Mohamed
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Hebatallah Mohamed
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Mustafa
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Abdelaziz
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - M Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
| | - Islam A Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University of Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October, Giza 12582, Egypt.
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7
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Ramesh A, Brouillard A, Kulkarni A. Supramolecular Nanotherapeutics for Macrophage Immunotherapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4653-4666. [PMID: 35007018 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages are recruited in high abundance in the tumor microenvironment and are implicated in the various stages of tumorigenesis, such as tumor proliferation, enhanced angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune escape. However, inherent macrophage plasticity and ability of macrophages to switch their phenotype and function from tumor-promoting (M2 phenotype) to tumor-eliminating capacities (M1 phenotype) make them ideal for therapeutic targeting. This spotlight on applications summarizes our recent efforts in designing supramolecular nanotherapeutics for macrophage immunotherapy, specifically, the strategies that can repolarize the M2 tumor-associated macrophages to M1-phenotype by sustained inhibition of key signaling pathways. With exciting recent developments in the field of macrophage immunotherapy, the ability to harness the innate inflammatory response of these macrophages in aiding tumor regression offers an avenue for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anujan Ramesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Depatment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Anthony Brouillard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ashish Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Depatment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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8
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Dong C, Wu J, Chen Y, Nie J, Chen C. Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Causes Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628690. [PMID: 33790792 PMCID: PMC8005514 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chemotherapy, targeted therapy and endocrine therapy decrease rate of disease recurrence in most breast cancer patients, many patients exhibit acquired resistance. Hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is associated with drug resistance and cancer progression. Currently, a number of drugs targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR are being investigated in clinical trials by combining them with standard therapies to overcome acquired resistance in breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the critical role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in drug resistance, the development of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors, and strategies to overcome acquired resistance to standard therapies in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Dong
- Department of the Second Medical Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- Department of the Second Medical Oncology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyun Nie
- Department of the Third Breast Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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9
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Setordzi P, Chang X, Liu Z, Wu Y, Zuo D. The recent advances of PD-1 and PD-L1 checkpoint signaling inhibition for breast cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 895:173867. [PMID: 33460617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been sustained research activity on programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors for breast cancer (BC) immunotherapy. Several clinical studies have demonstrated the anti-tumor efficacy of monotherapy drugs targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 checkpoint signaling in BC. Besides, the combination of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents with other inhibitors, including poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, vaccines, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors are being investigated to improve drug efficacy. These trials have performed well and have shown better and more sustainable therapeutic responses. As follows, the purpose of this review is to discuss the recent advances in BC immunotherapy targeting the inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint signaling, when recommended as a monotherapy or in conjunction with other treatments. We look forward to providing new insights into the current state of BC research and the future direction of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience Setordzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xing Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
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10
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Salih M, Omolo CA, Devnarain N, Elrashedy AA, Mocktar C, Soliman MES, Govender T. Supramolecular self-assembled drug delivery system (SADDs) of vancomycin and tocopherol succinate as an antibacterial agent: in vitro, in silico and in vivo evaluations. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:1090-1108. [PMID: 32684052 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1797786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study self-assembled drug delivery system (SADDs) composed of a hydrophobic d-α-tocopherol succinate (TS) and a hydrophilic vancomycin (VCM) were formulated, and its potential for enhancing the antibacterial activity of VCM against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were explored. The SADDs were synthesized via supramolecular complexation, then characterized for in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies. In silico studies confirmed the self-assembly of VCM/TS into NPs. The size, surface charge and drug loading of the SADDs was ˂100 nm, -27 mV and 68%, respectively. The SADDs were non-hemolytic and biosafe. A sustained release of VCM from SADDs was noted, with 52.2% release after 48 hr. The in vitro antibacterial test showed a twofold decrease in Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against SA and MRSA, and a significantly higher reduction in MRSA biofilms compared to bare VCM. Further, in silico studies confirmed strong and stable binding of TS to MRSA efflux pumps. The in vivo study using mice skin infection models showed a 9.5-fold reduction in bacterial load after treatment with SADDs, in comparison with bare VCM. These findings affirmed that VCM/TS NPs as a promising novel nano-delivery for treating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salih
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Calvin A Omolo
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nikita Devnarain
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A Elrashedy
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Chunderika Mocktar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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11
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A triple-combination nanotechnology platform based on multifunctional RNA hydrogel for lung cancer therapy. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Ma Z, Shuai Y, Gao X, Wen X, Ji J. Circular RNAs in the tumour microenvironment. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:8. [PMID: 31937318 PMCID: PMC6958568 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) widely expressed in eukaryotic cells. Mounting evidence has highlighted circRNAs as critical regulators of various tumours. More importantly, circRNAs have been revealed to recruit and reprogram key components involved in the tumour microenvironment (TME), and mediate various signaling pathways, thus affecting tumourigenesis, angiogenesis, immune response, and metastatic progression. In this review, we briefly introduce the biogenesis, characteristics and classification of circRNAs, and describe various mechanistic models of circRNAs. Further, we provide the first systematic overview of the interplay between circRNAs and cellular/non-cellular counterparts of the TME and highlight the potential of circRNAs as prospective biomarkers or targets in cancer clinics. Finally, we discuss the biological mechanisms through which the circRNAs drive development of resistance, revealing the mystery of circRNAs in drug resistance of tumours. SHORT CONCLUSION Deep understanding the emerging role of circRNAs and their involvements in the TME may provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer patients. The combined targeting of circRNAs and co-activated components in the TME may achieve higher therapeutic efficiency and become a new mode of tumour therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - You Shuai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Ramesh A, Kumar S, Nandi D, Kulkarni A. CSF1R- and SHP2-Inhibitor-Loaded Nanoparticles Enhance Cytotoxic Activity and Phagocytosis in Tumor-Associated Macrophages. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904364. [PMID: 31659802 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune modulation of macrophages has emerged as an attractive approach for anti-cancer therapy. However, there are two main challenges in successfully utilizing macrophages for immunotherapy. First, macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF) secreted by cancer cells binds to colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1-R) on macrophages and in turn activates the downstream signaling pathway responsible for polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to immunosuppressive M2 phenotype. Second, ligation of signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) expressed on myeloid cells to CD47, a transmembrane protein overexpressed on cancer cells, activates the Src homology region 2 (SH2) domain -phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2 in macrophages. This results in activation of "eat-me-not" signaling pathway and inhibition of phagocytosis. Here, it is reported that self-assembled dual-inhibitor-loaded nanoparticles (DNTs) target M2 macrophages and simultaneously inhibit CSF1R and SHP2 pathways. This results in efficient repolarization of M2 macrophages to an active M1 phenotype, and superior phagocytic capabilities as compared to individual drug treatments. Furthermore, suboptimal dose administration of DNTs in highly aggressive breast cancer and melanoma mouse models show enhanced anti-tumor efficacy without any toxicity. These studies demonstrate that the concurrent inhibition of CSF1-R and SHP2 signaling pathways for macrophage activation and phagocytosis enhancement could be an effective strategy for macrophage-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anujan Ramesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003-9364, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003-9364, USA
| | - Sahana Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003-9364, USA
| | - Dipika Nandi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003-9364, USA
| | - Ashish Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003-9364, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003-9364, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003-9364, USA
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003-9364, USA
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14
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Ramesh A, Brouillard A, Kumar S, Nandi D, Kulkarni A. Dual inhibition of CSF1R and MAPK pathways using supramolecular nanoparticles enhances macrophage immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2019; 227:119559. [PMID: 31670078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Among the numerous immune interactions, or lack-thereof, that occur during cancer progression, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) - cancer cell interactions have been shown to play an important role in modulating the tumor-microenvironment to an immune suppressive mode, promoting accelerated tumor growth, survival and metastatic spread. TAMs are predominantly polarized to a pro-tumorigenic M2-phenotype through macrophage colony stimulating factor 1 (MCSF) cytokines that bind to the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), a class III receptor tyrosine kinase. This MCSF-CSF1R interaction results in autophosphorylation of CSF1R and subsequent phosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway leading to proliferation, survival and functional activity of M2 TAMs. Therapeutic inhibition of CSF1R and MAPK signaling could effectively re-polarize M2 macrophages to an anti-tumorigenic M1 phenotype; however, this is challenging. In this study, we demonstrate that concurrent and sustained inhibition of the CSF1R and MAPK signaling pathways using dual-kinase inhibitor-loaded supramolecular nanoparticles (DSNs) enhance repolarization of pro-tumorigenic M2 macrophages to the anti-tumorigenic M1 phenotype. The supramolecular nanoparticles exhibited physical stability of over 7 days during storage conditions at 4 °C and over 24 h in human serum, released the inhibitors in a sustained manner and showed significantly higher internalization and accumulation of inhibitors in the M2 macrophages even at longer time points. When tested in a highly aggressive 4T1 breast cancer model, the supramolecular nanoparticles accumulated in TAMs at a significantly higher concentration, increased M1-like phenotype at significantly higher proportion and improved anti-tumor efficacy as compared to combination of single-inhibitor nanoparticles or the small molecule inhibitors. Our data suggests that concurrent, vertical inhibition of multiple intracellular kinase signaling pathways is important for repolarization of M2 macrophages to M1 phenotype, and by utilizing dual-inhibitor loaded supramolecular nanoparticles, further increase the ability to produce more M1 macrophages as compared to M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. This results in enhanced tumor growth inhibition and reduced toxicity. Therefore, vertical, co-inhibition of CSF1R and downstream signaling pathways like MAPK could be a promising macrophage immunotherapy strategy for aggressive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anujan Ramesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Brouillard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Sahana Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Dipika Nandi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ashish Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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15
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Hao Y, Zhou X, Li R, Song Z, Min Y. Advances of functional nanomaterials for cancer immunotherapeutic applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 12:e1574. [PMID: 31566896 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has made great progress by modulating the body's own immune system to fight against cancer cells. However, the low response rates of related drugs limit the development of immunotherapy strategies. Fortunately, the advantages of nanotechnology can just make up for this shortcoming. Nanocarriers of diverse systems are utilized to co-deliver antigens and adjuvants, combined with drugs for immunomodulatory, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic. Here we review recent studies on immunotherapy with biomimetic, organic, and inorganic nanomaterials. They are going to potentially overcome the drawbacks in cancer immunotherapy with delivering immunomodulatory drugs, delivering cancer vaccine, and monitoring the immune systems. This article is characterized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Hao
- CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Li
- CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zechenxi Song
- CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanzeng Min
- CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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16
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Bai Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Fu J, Xing X, Wang C, Gao L, Liu Y, Shi L. Potential applications of nanoparticles for tumor microenvironment remodeling to ameliorate cancer immunotherapy. Int J Pharm 2019; 570:118636. [PMID: 31446027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have made significant innovations in the field of tumor immunotherapy based on the knowledge of biology, oncology, and immunology. Tumor immunotherapy involves the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR (chimeric antigen receptor)-T cell therapy. As compared with conventional chemotherapy, immunotherapy is a potential approach to induce a more powerful immune response against tumor in the patient suffering from the advanced stage malignancy. Regardless of the developments made, a large number of clinical studies have confirmed that a substantial number of cancer patients still demonstrate non-responsiveness to immunotherapy, mainly due to the immunomodulating interactions of tumor cells with the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (iTME). It leads to immune tolerance of tumors and influences the efficacy of immunotherapy. This immune failure could be attributed to a complex immunosuppressive network comprising stromal and inflammatory cells, vessel system, ECM (extracellular matrix) and the cytokines released in tumor microenvironment (TME). The antitumor immune activity can be enhanced at different stages of tumor development by selective suppression of inhibitory pathways in the TME. This specific task can be achieved by using nano-sized drug delivery tools which are specific in their action and biocompatible in nature. Several recent studies have described the use of nanoparticles for iTME remodeling through the specific elimination of immunosuppressive cells, obstructing immune checkpoints, promotion of inflammatory cytokines, and amending the regulatory cells of the immune system. The efficacy of current immunotherapy can be improved by nanoparticle-mediated remodeling of iTME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhuo Bai
- Extrathoracic and Thyroid Mammary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Extrathoracic and Thyroid Mammary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Encephalopathy Center, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Reproductive Center, Jilin Provincial People's Hospital, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiuli Xing
- Physical Examination Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Chunlan Wang
- Respiratory Department, First Clinical College, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Longlan Gao
- Brain Surgery, Liaoyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoyuan 136000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Brain Surgery, Liaoyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoyuan 136000, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China.
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17
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Ramesh A, Natarajan SK, Nandi D, Kulkarni A. Dual Inhibitors-Loaded Nanotherapeutics that Target Kinase Signaling Pathways Synergize with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor. Cell Mol Bioeng 2019; 12:357-373. [PMID: 31719920 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-019-00576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors that boost cytotoxic T cell-based immune responses have emerged as one of the most promising approaches in cancer treatment. However, it is increasingly being realized that T cell activation needs to be rationally combined with molecularly targeted therapeutics for a maximal anti-tumor outcome. Currently, two oncogenic drivers, MAPK and PI3K-mTOR have emerged as the two main molecular targets for combining with immunotherapy. However, there are major challenges in enabling such combinations: first, such combinations can result in high rates of toxicity. Second, while, these molecular targets could be driving tumor progression, they are essential for activation of the immune cells. So, the kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy can antagonize each other. Objectives We rationalized that the synergistic combination of kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy could be enabled by dual inhibitors-loaded supramolecular nanotherapeutics (DiLN) that can co-deliver PI3K- and MAPK-inhibitors to the cancer cells and activate immune response by T cell-modulating immunotherapy, resulting in greater anti-tumor efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Methods We engineered DiLNs by designing the amphiphilic building blocks (both drugs and co-lipids) that enables supramolecular nanoassembly. DiLNs were tested for their physiochemical properties including size, morphology, stability and drug release kinetics profiles. The efficacy of DiLNs was tested in drug-resistant cells such as BRAFV600E melanoma (D4M), Clear cell ovarian carcinoma (TOV21G) cells. The tumor inhibition efficiency of DiLNs in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitor antibody was studied in syngeneic D4M animal model. Results DiLNs were stable for over a month and released the drugs in a sustained manner. In vitro cytotoxicity studies in D4M and TOV21G cells showed that DiLNs were significantly more effective than free drugs. In vivo studies showed that the combination of DiLNs with anti PD-L1 antibody resulted in superior antitumor effect and survival. Conclusion This study shows that the rational combination of DiLNs that target multiple oncogenic signaling pathways with immune checkpoint inhibitors could emerge as an effective strategy to improve immunotherapeutic response against drug resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anujan Ramesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - Siva Kumar Natarajan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Dipika Nandi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - Ashish Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA.,Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA.,Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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18
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Liu Y, Chen XG, Yang PP, Qiao ZY, Wang H. Tumor Microenvironmental pH and Enzyme Dual Responsive Polymer-Liposomes for Synergistic Treatment of Cancer Immuno-Chemotherapy. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:882-892. [PMID: 30621390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in tumor treatment through cancer immunotherapy, the efficacy of this approach remains to be improved. Looking forward to high rates of objective clinical response, cancer immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has gained increasing attention recently. Here, we constructed liposomes with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) responsive moiety and PD-L1 inhibitor conjugate combine with low dose chemotherapy to achieve enhanced antitumor efficacy. Upon introduction of the pH-responsive polymer to LPDp, the coassembly could be almost stable in physiological conditions and tumor microenvironments and release the loaded cargos at the lysosome. MMP-2 enzyme extracellularly secreted by the B16F10 cells could cleave the cross-linker and liberate the PD-L1 inhibitor effectively disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction in vitro. Low dose DOX encapsulated in the LPDp was capable of sensitizing B16F10 cells to CTLs by inducing overexpression of M6PR on tumor cell membranes. In comparison with free PD-L1 inhibitor, LPDp improved the biodistribution and on-demand release of the peptide inhibitor in tumor regions following administration. LPDp achieved the optimal tumor suppression efficiency (∼78.7%), which demonstrated the significantly enhanced antitumor effect ( P < 0.01) than that of LPp (∼57.5%) as well as that of LD (<40%), attributing to synergistic contribution from the substantial increase in M6PR expression on tumor cells and the blockade of immune checkpoints. This strategy provides a strong rationale for combining standard-of-care chemotherapy with relative nontoxic and high specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- College of Marine Life Science , Ocean University of China , No. 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , China
| | - Xi-Guang Chen
- College of Marine Life Science , Ocean University of China , No. 5 Yushan Road , Qingdao , China
| | - Pei-Pei Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing , China
| | - Zeng-Ying Qiao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing , China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , No. 11 Beiyitiao , Zhongguancun, Beijing , China
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19
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Gao S, Yang D, Fang Y, Lin X, Jin X, Wang Q, Wang X, Ke L, Shi K. Engineering Nanoparticles for Targeted Remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy. Theranostics 2019; 9:126-151. [PMID: 30662558 PMCID: PMC6332787 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the fast-paced growth and cross-infiltration of oncology, immunology and molecular biology, tumor immunotherapy technology represented by immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has lately made remarkable advancements. In comparison with traditional chemotherapy, immunotherapy has the potential to elicit a stronger sustained antitumor immune response in those patients who have advanced malignant malignancies. In spite of the advancements made, a significant number of clinical research works have validated that an extensive proportion of cancer patients still manifest insensitivity to immunotherapy, primarily because of the immunomodulatory interactions between tumor cells and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), together mediating the immune tolerance of tumors and accordingly impacting the positive response to immunotherapy. The intricate immunosuppressive networks formed by stromal cells, inflammatory cells, vasculature, extracellular matrix (ECM), and their secreted cytokines in the TME, play a pivotal role in tumor immune escape. Specific blocking of inhibition pathways in the TME is expected to effectively prevent immune escape and tolerance of tumor cells in addition to their metastasis, accordingly improving the antitumor immune response at various phases of tumor growth. Emerging nanoscale targeted drug carriers truly suit this specific requirement due to their specificity, biocompatibility, and convenience of production. This review emphasizes recent attempts to remodel the tumor immune microenvironment using novel nanoparticles, which include specifically eliminating immunosuppressive cells, reprogramming immune regulatory cells, promoting inflammatory cytokines and blocking immune checkpoints. Targeted remodeling of the immunosuppressive TME using well-designed and fabricated nanoparticles provides a promising strategy for improving the effectiveness of current immunotherapy and is greatly significant.
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20
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Zhou J, Yu G, Huang F. Supramolecular chemotherapy based on host-guest molecular recognition: a novel strategy in the battle against cancer with a bright future. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:7021-7053. [PMID: 28980674 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00898d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is currently one of the most effective ways to treat cancer. However, traditional chemotherapy faces several obstacles to clinical trials, such as poor solubility/stability, non-targeting capability and uncontrollable release of the drugs, greatly limiting their anticancer efficacy and causing severe side effects towards normal tissues. Supramolecular chemotherapy integrating non-covalent interactions and traditional chemotherapy is a highly promising candidate in this regard and can be appropriately used for targeted drug delivery. By taking advantage of supramolecular chemistry, some limitations impeding traditional chemotherapy for clinical applications can be solved effectively. Therefore, we present here a review summarizing the progress of supramolecular chemotherapy in cancer treatment based on host-guest recognition and provide guidance on the design of new targeting supramolecular chemotherapy combining diagnostic and therapeutic functions. Based on a large number of state-of-the-art studies, our review will advance supramolecular chemotherapy on the basis of host-guest recognition and promote translational clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
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21
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Deng H, Zhang Z. The application of nanotechnology in immune checkpoint blockade for cancer treatment. J Control Release 2018; 290:28-45. [PMID: 30287266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, which could utilize the host's immune system to kill tumor cells, has great potential in long-term inhibition of tumor growth and recurrence compared to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As we know, tumors exhibit powerful adaption to escape the destruction of immune system at the late stage of diseases due to overactivation of immune checkpoint pathways which function as natural "brakes" for immune responses. The newly emerging immune checkpoint inhibitors are regarded as the breakthrough for cancer immunotherapy as they can re-boost the host's immune system by restoring T cells function and promoting cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) responses. However, there is still scope for improvement in enhancing the clinical efficacy and reducing side effects of these immune modulators. In this review, we mainly introduce the basic mechanisms of the immune checkpoint pathways and outline the recent successes of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy in combination with nanoparticle delivery system. Furthermore, the underexplored potential in application of nanotechnology to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy and overcome the limits of immune checkpoint inhibitors is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, China; National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedcine, China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Novel Drug Delivery System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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22
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Zhu Q, Sun Y, Zhou Q, He Q, Qian H. Identification of key genes and pathways by bioinformatics analysis with TCGA RNA sequencing data in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 9:597-606. [PMID: 30546887 PMCID: PMC6256287 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved insight into the molecular characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is required to predict prognosis and to develop a new rationale for targeted therapeutic strategy. Bioinformatics methods, including functional enrichment and network analysis combined with survival analysis, are required to process a large volume of data to obtain further information on differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The RNA sequencing data related to HCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed to screen DEGs, which were separately submitted to perform gene enrichment analysis to identify gene sets and signaling pathways, and to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Subsequently, hub genes were selected by the core level in the network, and the top hub genes were focused on gene expression analysis and survival analysis. A total of 610 DEGs were identified, including 444 upregulated and 166 downregulated genes. The upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the Gene Ontology analysis (GO): Cell division and in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway: Cell cycle, whereas the downregulated DEGs were enriched in GO: Negative regulation of growth and in the KEGG pathway: Retinol metabolism, with significant differences. Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)1 was selected as the top hub gene by the PPI network, which exhibited a similar expression trend with the data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Survival analysis revealed a significantly negative correlation between CDK1 expression level and overall survival in the TCGA group (P<0.01) and the GEO group (P<0.01). Therefore, high-throughput TCGA data analysis appears to be an effective method for screening tumor molecular markers, and high expression of CDK1 is a prognostic factor for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiandong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Department of Operation Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qikuan He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Haixin Qian
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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23
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McKenna M, McGarrigle S, Pidgeon GP. The next generation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway inhibitors in breast cancer cohorts. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:185-197. [PMID: 30318472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway plays a role in various oncogenic processes in breast cancer and key pathway aberrations have been identified which drive the different molecular subtypes. Early drugs developed targeting this pathway produced some clinical success but were hampered by pharmacokinetics, tolerability and efficacy problems. This created a need for new PI3K pathway-inhibiting drugs, which would produce more robust results allowing incorporation into treatment regimens for breast cancer patients. In this review, the most promising candidates from the new generation of PI3K-pathway inhibitors is explored, presenting evidence from preclinical and early clinical research, as well as ongoing trials utilising these drugs in breast cancer cohorts. The problems hindering the development of drugs targeting the PI3K pathway are examined, which have created problems for their use as monotherapies. PI3K pathway inhibitor combinations therefore remains a dynamic research area, and their role in combination with immunotherapies and epigenetic therapies is also inspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McKenna
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah McGarrigle
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Graham P Pidgeon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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A designer self-assembled supramolecule amplifies macrophage immune responses against aggressive cancer. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 2:589-599. [PMID: 30956894 PMCID: PMC6450396 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Effectively activating macrophages that can ‘eat’ cancer cells is challenging. In particular, cancer cells secrete macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF), which polarizes tumour-associated macrophages from an antitumour M1 phenotype to a pro-tumourigenic M2 phenotype. Also, cancer cells can express CD47, an ‘eat me not’ signal that ligates with the signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) receptor on macrophages to prevent phagocytosis. Here, we show that a supramolecular assembly consisting of amphiphiles inhibiting the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) and displaying SIRPα-blocking antibodies with a drug-to-antibody ratio of 17,000 can disable both mechanisms. The supramolecule homes onto SIRPα on macrophages, blocking the CD47-SIRPα signalling axis while sustainedly inhibiting CSF-1R. The supramolecule enhances the M2-to-M1 repolarization within the tumour microenvironment, and significantly improves antitumour and antimetastatic efficacies in two aggressive animal models of melanoma and breast cancer, with respect to clinically available small-molecule and biologic inhibitors of CSF-1R signalling. Simultaneously blocking the CD47-SIRPα and MCSF-CSF-1R signalling axes may constitute a promising immunotherapy.
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25
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Qin H, Liu L, Sun S, Zhang D, Sheng J, Li B, Yang W. The impact of PI3K inhibitors on breast cancer cell and its tumor microenvironment. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5092. [PMID: 29942710 PMCID: PMC6014315 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway shows frequent aberrant alterations and pathological activation in breast cancer cells. While PI3K inhibitors have not achieved expectant therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials, and several studies provide promising combination strategies to substantially maximize therapeutic outcomes. Besides its direct impact on regulating cancer cells survival, PI3K inhibitors are also demonstrated to have an immunomodulatory impact based on the tumor microenvironment. Inhibition of the leukocyte-enriched PI3K isoforms may break immune tolerance and restore cytotoxic T cell activity by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment. In addition, PI3K inhibitors have pleiotropic effects on tumor angiogenesis and even induce tumor vascular normalization. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of PI3K inhibitor suppression of breast cancer cells and modulation of the tumor microenvironment in order to provide further thoughts for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjiao Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shu Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiyao Sheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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26
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Le QV, Choi J, Oh YK. Nano delivery systems and cancer immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-018-0399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Chae YK, Galvez C, Anker JF, Iams WT, Bhave M. Cancer immunotherapy in a neglected population: The current use and future of T-cell-mediated checkpoint inhibitors in organ transplant patients. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 63:116-121. [PMID: 29276997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the indications for immune checkpoint inhibitors continue to grow, organ transplant recipients with advanced malignancies have been largely excluded from clinical trials testing the safety and efficacy of these therapies given their need for chronic immunosuppression and the risk of allograft rejection. With the rapid growth of transplant medicine and the increased risk of malignancy associated with chronic immunosuppression, it is critical that we systematically analyze the available data describing immune checkpoint blockade in the organ transplant population. Herein we provide a current and comprehensive review of cases in which immune checkpoint blockade was used on organ transplant recipients. Furthermore, we discuss the differences in efficacy and risk of allograft rejection between CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors and make recommendations based on the limited available clinical data. We also discuss the future of immune checkpoint blockade in this subpopulation and explore the emerging data of promising combination therapies with mTOR, BRAF/MEK, and BTK/ITK inhibitors. Further clinical experience and larger clinical trials involving immune checkpoint inhibitors, whether as monotherapies or combinatorial therapies, will help develop regimens that optimize anti-tumor response and minimize the risk of allograft rejection in organ transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kwang Chae
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Carlos Galvez
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan F Anker
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wade T Iams
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Manali Bhave
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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28
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Fan W, Yung B, Huang P, Chen X. Nanotechnology for Multimodal Synergistic Cancer Therapy. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13566-13638. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1059] [Impact Index Per Article: 151.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpei Fan
- Guangdong
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging,
School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Key
Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education
and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Laboratory
of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical
Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Bryant Yung
- Laboratory
of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical
Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Peng Huang
- Guangdong
Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging,
School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory
of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical
Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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29
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Zhang Z, Shi L, Wu C, Su Y, Qian J, Deng H, Zhu X. Construction of a Supramolecular Drug-Drug Delivery System for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:29505-29514. [PMID: 28809468 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale drug delivery systems (DDSs) are generally considered to be an effective alternative to small molecular chemotherapeutics due to improved accumulation in the tumor site and enhanced retention in blood. Nevertheless, most DDSs have low loading efficiency or even pose a high threat to normal organs from severe side effects. Ideally, a supramolecular drug-drug delivery system (SDDDS) composed of pure drugs via supramolecular interaction provides a hopeful approach for cancer treatment. Herein we propose a facile method to construct SDDDS via coassembly of gefitinib (GEF) and tripeptide tyroservatide (YSV), two kinds of chemotherapeutic pharmaceuticals for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) via multiple intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking. As shown through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), GEF and YSV self-assemble into nanoparticles with regular morphology and uniform size, which facilitates the delivery of both drugs. In vitro studies demonstrate that the SDDDS is much more efficient in entering cancer cells and inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells compared with single GEF, YSV, or GEF/YSV drug mixture. In vivo experiments show that the SDDDS can selectively accumulate in tumor tissue, resulting in much better drug efficacy without evident side effects. Considering the advantages of the SDDDS, we believe this strategy provides a promising route for enhanced anticancer therapy in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenwei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwen Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongping Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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30
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Sengupta S. Cancer Nanomedicine: Lessons for Immuno-Oncology. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:551-560. [PMID: 28780932 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer nanotechnology and cancer immunotherapy are two parallel themes that have emerged over the last few decades in the search for a cure for cancer. Exciting applications can emerge at the intersection of these two fields. However, it is important to learn from the past successes and failures of cancer nanomedicines for its future applications in cancer immunotherapy. This review discusses the two key parameters that defined clinical success in the case of cancer nanomedicines: (i) physicochemical design principles, and (ii) clinical trial design, which are frequently overlooked in most analyses of the state of the field. Learning from the design principles that defined success for the clinically-used cancer nanomedicines can enable the design of next-generation nanomedicines that can address some of the emerging challenges in cancer immunotherapy, for example (i) enabling combinations of molecularly targeted therapies with immunotherapies that are pharmacologically incompatible; (ii) early monitoring of efficacy of immunotherapies; and (iii) personalizing an immune response to a patient's tumor. Currently, only a subset of patients treated with immunotherapy exhibit durable response; the integration of nanomedicine and immunotherapy to address the above challenges can lead to new paradigms in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiladitya Sengupta
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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31
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Wang M, Zhang C, Song Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Luo F, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Wu Z, Xu Y. Mechanism of immune evasion in breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1561-1573. [PMID: 28352189 PMCID: PMC5359138 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s126424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor among women, with high morbidity and mortality. Its onset, development, metastasis, and prognosis vary among individuals due to the interactions between tumors and host immunity. Many diverse mechanisms have been associated with BC, with immune evasion being the most widely studied to date. Tumor cells can escape from the body’s immune response, which targets abnormal components and foreign bodies, using different approaches including modification of surface antigens and modulation of the surrounding environment. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and factors that impact the immunoediting process and analyze their functions in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Changwang Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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