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Wang H, Lin G, Lin Y, Cui Y, Chen G, Peng Z. Developing excellent plantar pressure sensors for monitoring human motions by using highly compressible and resilient PMMA conductive iongels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 668:142-153. [PMID: 38669992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Based on real-time detection of plantar pressure, gait recognition could provide important health information for rehabilitation administration, fatigue prevention, and sports training assessment. So far, such researches are extremely limited due to lacking of reliable, stable and comfortable plantar pressure sensors. Herein, a strategy for preparing high compression strength and resilience conductive iongels has been proposed by implanting physically entangled polymer chains with covalently cross-linked networks. The resulting iongels have excellent mechanical properties including nice compliance (young's modulus < 300 kPa), high compression strength (>10 MPa at a strain of 90 %), and good resilience (self-recovery within seconds). And capacitive pressure sensor composed by them possesses excellent sensitivity, good linear response even under very small stress (∼kPa), and long-term durability (cycles > 100,000) under high-stress conditions (133 kPa). Then, capacitive pressure sensor arrays have been prepared for high-precision detection of plantar pressure spatial distribution, which also exhibit excellent sensing performances and long-term stability. Further, an extremely sensitive and fast response plantar pressure monitoring system has been designed for monitoring plantar pressure of foot at different postures including upright, forward and backward. The system achieves real-time tracking and monitoring of changes of plantar pressure during different static and dynamic posture processes. And the characteristics of plantar pressure information can be digitally and photography displayed. Finally, we propose an intelligent framework for real-time detection of plantar pressure by combining electronic insoles with data analysis system, which presents excellent applications in sport trainings and safety precautions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Wang
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and NanoSensors, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guanhua Lin
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Yang Lin
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and NanoSensors, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yang Cui
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and NanoSensors, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Zhengchun Peng
- Center for Stretchable Electronics and NanoSensors, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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2
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Tran HQ, Ur Rehman A, Fioux P, Airoudj A, Vandamme T, Luchnikov V. Formation of a Controllable Diffusion Barrier Layer on the Surface of Polydimethylsiloxane Films by Infrared Laser Irradiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7983-7995. [PMID: 38290481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Developing a diffusion barrier layer on material interfaces has potential applications in various fields such as in packaging materials, pharmaceuticals, chemical filtration, microelectronics, and medical devices. Although numerous physical and chemical methods have been proposed to generate the diffusion barrier layer, the complexity of fabrication techniques and the high manufacturing costs limit their practical utility. Here, we propose an innovative approach to fabricate the diffusion barrier layer by irradiating poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with a mid-infrared (λ = 10.6 μm) CO2 laser. This process directly creates a diffusion barrier layer on the PDMS surface by forming a heavily cross-linked network in the polymer matrix. The optimal irradiation conditions were investigated by modulating the defocusing distance, laser power, and number of scanning passes. The barrier thickness can reach up to 70 μm as observed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The attenuated total reflectance (ATR), electron dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses collectively confirmed the formation of the SiOx structure on the modified surface based on the decreased methyl group signal and the increased oxygen/silicon ratio. The diffusion test with the model drugs (rhodamine B and donepezil) demonstrated that the modified surface exhibits effective diffusion barrier properties and the rate of drug diffusion through the modified barrier layer can be controlled by the optimization of the irradiation parameters. This novel approach provides the possibility to develop a controllable diffusion barrier layer in a biocompatible polymer with prospective applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, packing materials, and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Quoc Tran
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS LRC 7361, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- INSERM, Regenerative Nanomedicine UMR 1260, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Fioux
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS LRC 7361, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Aissam Airoudj
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS LRC 7361, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Thierry Vandamme
- INSERM, Regenerative Nanomedicine UMR 1260, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valeriy Luchnikov
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS LRC 7361, 68057 Mulhouse, France
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3
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Ma C, Zhang Y, Jiao S, Liu M. Snap-through of graphene nanowrinkles under out-of-plane compression. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:015705. [PMID: 36137514 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac9418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanowrinkles (i.e. the buckled nanoribbons) are widely observed in nano-devices assembled by two-dimensional (2D) materials. The existence of nanowrinkles significantly affects the physical (such as mechanical, electrical and thermal) properties of 2D materials, and thus further, impedes the applications of those devices. In this paper, we take the nanowrinkle formed in a monolayer graphene as a model system to study its deformation behaviours, especially the configuration evolution and the snap-through buckling instabilities, when subjected to the out-of-plane compression. By performing molecular dynamics simulation, the graphene nanowrinkles with or without self-adhesion (which are notated as 'clipped' state or 'bump' state, respectively) are obtained depending on the geometric size and the applied axial compressive pre-strain. The elastica theory is employed to quantify the shape of 'bump' nanowrinkles, as well as the critical condition of the transition between 'clipped' and 'bump' states. By applying out-of-plane compression to the generated graphene nanowrinkle, it flips to an opposite configuration via snap-through buckling. We identify four different buckling modes according to the configuration evolution. An unified phase diagram is constructed to describe those buckling modes. For the cases with negligible van der Waals interaction getting involved in the snap-buckling process, i.e. without self-adhesion, the force-displacement curves for nanowrinkles with same axial pre-strain but different sizes can be scaled to collapse. Moreover, the critical buckling loads can also be scaled and predicted by the extended elastica theory. Otherwise, for the cases with self-adhesion, which corresponds to the greater axial pre-strain, the van der Waals interaction makes the scaling collapse break down. It is expected that the analysis about the snap-through buckling of graphene nanowrinkles reported in this work will advance the understanding of the mechanical behaviours of wrinkled 2D materials and promote the design of functional nanodevices, such as nanomechanical resonators and capacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengpeng Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Shuping Jiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchao Liu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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4
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Mariello M, Kim K, Wu K, Lacour SP, Leterrier Y. Recent Advances in Encapsulation of Flexible Bioelectronic Implants: Materials, Technologies, and Characterization Methods. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201129. [PMID: 35353928 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronic implantable systems (BIS) targeting biomedical and clinical research should combine long-term performance and biointegration in vivo. Here, recent advances in novel encapsulations to protect flexible versions of such systems from the surrounding biological environment are reviewed, focusing on material strategies and synthesis techniques. Considerable effort is put on thin-film encapsulation (TFE), and specifically organic-inorganic multilayer architectures as a flexible and conformal alternative to conventional rigid cans. TFE is in direct contact with the biological medium and thus must exhibit not only biocompatibility, inertness, and hermeticity but also mechanical robustness, conformability, and compatibility with the manufacturing of microfabricated devices. Quantitative characterization methods of the barrier and mechanical performance of the TFE are reviewed with a particular emphasis on water-vapor transmission rate through electrical, optical, or electrochemical principles. The integrability and functionalization of TFE into functional bioelectronic interfaces are also discussed. TFE represents a must-have component for the next-generation bioelectronic implants with diagnostic or therapeutic functions in human healthcare and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Mariello
- Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites (LPAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Kyungjin Kim
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Electrical and MicroEngineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kangling Wu
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Electrical and MicroEngineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie P Lacour
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Electrical and MicroEngineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves Leterrier
- Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites (LPAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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5
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Song Y, Peng C, Iqbal Z, Sirkar KK, Peterson GW, Mahle JJ, Buchanan JH. Graphene Oxide and Metal-Organic Framework-Based Breathable Barrier Membranes for Toxic Vapors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31321-31331. [PMID: 35771504 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Garments protective against chemical warfare agents (CWAs) or accidently released toxic chemicals must block the transport of toxic gases/vapors for a substantial time and allow moisture transport for breathability. These demands are challenging: either the barriers block CWAs effectively but have poor breathability or barriers have excellent breathability but cannot block CWAs well. Existing protective garments employ large amounts of active carbon, making them quite heavy. Metal-organic framework (MOF)-based adsorbents are being investigated as sorbents for CWAs. Breathable laminate of graphene oxide (GO) flakes supported on a porous membrane reduces permeation rates of CWA simulants substantially. We developed a multilayered membrane-based flexible barrier: GO laminate-based membrane over a MOF nanocrystal-filled expanded polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE) membrane having submicrometer pores. The GO laminate-based layer developed a steady breakthrough concentration level almost 2 orders of magnitude below the usual breakthrough level. This highly reduced level of CWA was blocked by the MOF nanocrystal-filled membrane substrate layer over a highly extended period. We demonstrated the blocking of CWAs, mustard (HD), soman (GD), a sarin simulant [dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP)], and ammonia for an extended period while the moisture transmission rate was substantial. The times for complete blockage of ammonia, HD, GD, and DMMP were 2750 min, 1075 min, 176 min, and 7 days, respectively. This remarkable performance resulted from a very low steady-state penetrant permeation through GO-laminate membrane and substantial penetrant sorption by MOF nanocrystals; furthermore, both layers show high moisture vapor transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Song
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Cheng Peng
- Materials Science and Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Kamalesh K Sirkar
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Gregory W Peterson
- CBR Filtration Branch, R&T Directorate DEVCOM Chemical Biological Center, U.S. Army Futures Command; 8567 Ricketts Point Road, Bldg. E3549, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - John J Mahle
- CBR Filtration Branch, R&T Directorate DEVCOM Chemical Biological Center, U.S. Army Futures Command; 8567 Ricketts Point Road, Bldg. E3549, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - James H Buchanan
- CBR Filtration Branch, R&T Directorate DEVCOM Chemical Biological Center, U.S. Army Futures Command; 8567 Ricketts Point Road, Bldg. E3549, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
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6
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Narute P, Sharbidre RS, Lee CJ, Park BC, Jung HJ, Kim JH, Hong SG. Structural Integrity Preserving and Residue-Free Transfer of Large-Area Wrinkled Graphene onto Polymeric Substrates. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9871-9882. [PMID: 35666252 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wrinkled graphene offers many advantageous features resulting from modifying the structural and physical properties as well as the chemical reactivity of graphene. However, its inadequate transferability to other substrates has limited its usability. This paper reports a roll-based clean transfer approach that enables the damage-free and contamination-free transfer of large-area wrinkled graphene onto polymeric substrates without compromising the integrity of wrinkle structures. The method implements the simultaneous imidazole-assisted etching and doping of chemical vapor-deposited graphene to fabricate multilayer graphene on a thermoplastic polystyrene (PS) substrate coated with a water-soluble poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS) sacrificial layer via a roll-based transfer process. The compliant PSS layer affords the conformal contact between the PS substrate and graphene during the wrinkle formation process, enabling the controllable fabrication of graphene wrinkle structures on a large area. The water-soluble properties of PSS simplify the typically difficult separation of wrinkled graphene from the PS substrate after its transfer onto a target substrate. This improves the transferability of wrinkled graphene, rendering the transfer process solvent-free and residue-free. This work demonstrates the feasibility of the formulated method by transferring centimeter-scale wrinkled graphene onto currently used transparent flexible substrates (i.e., polyethylene terephthalate and polydimethylsiloxane). The results indicate that the transferred wrinkled graphene possesses the desirable combination of superior stretchability, optical transmittance, sheet resistance, and electromechanical stability, rendering its suitable application to transparent flexible and stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Narute
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Rakesh S Sharbidre
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Chon Park
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-June Jung
- Center for Advanced Meta-Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Nano-Mechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gu Hong
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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7
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Gorji M, Mazinani S, Gharehaghaji AA. A review on emerging developments in thermal and moisture management by membrane‐based clothing systems towards personal comfort. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Gorji
- New Technologies Research Center (NTRC) Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Saeedeh Mazinani
- New Technologies Research Center (NTRC) Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
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8
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Liu M, Fernandes DCC, Saleeba ZSSL, Hurt RH. Controlled Release of Molecular Intercalants from Two-Dimensional Nanosheet Films. ACS NANO 2021; 15:20105-20115. [PMID: 34870425 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solution co-deposition of two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets with chemical solutes yields nanosheet-molecular heterostructures. A feature of these macroscopic layered hybrids is their ability to release the intercalated molecular agent to express chemical functionality on their surfaces or in their near surroundings. Systematic design methods are needed to control this molecular release to match the demand for rate and lifetime in specific applications. We hypothesize that release kinetics are controlled by transport processes within the layered solids, which primarily involve confined molecular diffusion through nanochannels formed by intersheet van der Waals gaps. Here a variety of graphene oxide (GO)/molecular hybrids are fabricated and subject to transient experiments to characterize release kinetics, locations, and mechanisms. The measured release rate profiles can be successfully described by a numerical model of internal transport processes, and the results used to extract effective Z-directional diffusion coefficients for various film types. The diffusion coefficients are found to be 8 orders of magnitude lower than those in free solution due to nanochannel confinement and serpentine path effects, and this retardation underlies the ability of 2D materials to control and extend release over useful time scales. In-plane texturing of the heterostructured films by compressive wrinkling or crumpling is shown to be a useful design tool to control the release rate for a given film type and molecular intercalant. The potential of this approach is demonstrated through case studies on the controlled release of chemical virucidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muchun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | | | - Zachary S S L Saleeba
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Robert H Hurt
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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9
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Tupone MG, Panella G, d’Angelo M, Castelli V, Caioni G, Catanesi M, Benedetti E, Cimini A. An Update on Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Neural Growth and Central Nervous System Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13047. [PMID: 34884851 PMCID: PMC8657785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thanks to their reduced size, great surface area, and capacity to interact with cells and tissues, nanomaterials present some attractive biological and chemical characteristics with potential uses in the field of biomedical applications. In this context, graphene and its chemical derivatives have been extensively used in many biomedical research areas from drug delivery to bioelectronics and tissue engineering. Graphene-based nanomaterials show excellent optical, mechanical, and biological properties. They can be used as a substrate in the field of tissue engineering due to their conductivity, allowing to study, and educate neural connections, and guide neural growth and differentiation; thus, graphene-based nanomaterials represent an emerging aspect in regenerative medicine. Moreover, there is now an urgent need to develop multifunctional and functionalized nanomaterials able to arrive at neuronal cells through the blood-brain barrier, to manage a specific drug delivery system. In this review, we will focus on the recent applications of graphene-based nanomaterials in vitro and in vivo, also combining graphene with other smart materials to achieve the best benefits in the fields of nervous tissue engineering and neural regenerative medicine. We will then highlight the potential use of these graphene-based materials to construct graphene 3D scaffolds able to stimulate neural growth and regeneration in vivo for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Tupone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.G.T.); (G.P.); (M.d.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.)
- Center for Microscopy, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Gloria Panella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.G.T.); (G.P.); (M.d.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Michele d’Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.G.T.); (G.P.); (M.d.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.G.T.); (G.P.); (M.d.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Giulia Caioni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.G.T.); (G.P.); (M.d.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Mariano Catanesi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.G.T.); (G.P.); (M.d.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.G.T.); (G.P.); (M.d.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.G.T.); (G.P.); (M.d.); (V.C.); (G.C.); (M.C.); (A.C.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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10
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Jing L, Hsiao LY, Li S, Yang H, Ng PLP, Ding M, Truong TV, Gao SP, Li K, Guo YX, Valdivia Y Alvarado P, Chen PY. 2D-Material-integrated hydrogels as multifunctional protective skins for soft robots. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2065-2078. [PMID: 34846484 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01594f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Soft robots provide compliant object-machine interactions, but they exhibit insufficient material stability, which restricts them from working in harsh environments. Herein, we developed a class of soft robotic skins based on two-dimensional materials (2DMs) and gelatin hydrogels, featuring skin-like multifunctionality (stretchability, thermoregulation, threat protection, and strain sensing). The 2DM-integrated hydrogel (2DM/H) skins enabled soft robots to execute designated missions in the presence of high levels of heat and various environmental threats while maintaining mild machine temperatures. Via adopting different 2DMs (graphene oxide (GO), montmorillonite (MMT), and titanium carbide (MXene)), the 2DM/H-protected robots were able to perform soft grasping in organic liquids (GO/H) and open fire (MMT/H), and in the presence of electromagnetic radiation and biocontamination (MXene/H). Through blending MXene nanosheets into gelatin, the MXene-blended hydrogel (M-H) skin became strain sensitive, and a GO/M-H gripper exhibited the high-level integration of skin-mimicking capabilities. Finally, we incorporated 2DM/H skins onto an origami-inspired walker robot and a soft batoid-like robot to execute vision-guided searching in fire and underwater locomotion/navigation in chemical spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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11
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Chen W, Liu LX, Zhang HB, Yu ZZ. Kirigami-Inspired Highly Stretchable, Conductive, and Hierarchical Ti 3C 2T x MXene Films for Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Pressure Sensing. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7668-7681. [PMID: 33861590 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although Ti3C2Tx MXene sheets are highly conductive, it is still a challenge to design highly stretchable MXene electrodes for flexible electronic devices. Inspired by the high stretchability of kirigami patterns, we demonstrate a bottom-up methodology to design highly stretchable and conductive polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/Ti3C2Tx MXene films for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and pressure sensing applications by constructing wrinkled MXene patterns on a flexible PDMS substrate to create a hierarchical surface with primary and secondary surface wrinkles. The self-controlled microcracks created in the valley domains of the hierarchical film via a nonuniform deformation during prestretching/releasing cycles endow the hierarchical PDMS/MXene film with a high stretchability (100%), strain-invariant conductivity in a strain range of 0%-100%, and stable conductivities over an 1000-cycle fatigue measurement. The stretchable film exhibits a highly stable EMI shielding performance of ≈30 dB at a tensile strain of 50%, and its EMI shielding efficiency increases further to 103 dB by constructing a two-film structure. Furthermore, a highly stretchable and sensitive iontronic sensor array with integrated MXene-based electrodes and circuits is fabricated by a stencil printing process, exhibiting high sensitivity (66.3 nF kPa-1), excellent dynamic cycle stability over 1000 cycles under different frequencies, and sensitive pressure monitoring capability under a tensile strain of 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liu-Xin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hao-Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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12
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Kwon Y, Liu M, Castilho C, Saleeba Z, Hurt R, Külaots I. Controlling pore structure and conductivity in graphene nanosheet films through partial thermal exfoliation. CARBON 2021; 174:227-239. [PMID: 33633411 PMCID: PMC7901814 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2020.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermal exfoliation is an efficient and scalable method for the production of graphene nanosheets or nanoplatelets, which are typically re-assembled or blended to form new macroscopic "graphene-based materials". Thermal exfoliation can be applied to these macroscopic graphene-based materials after casting to create internal porosity, but this process variant has not been widely studied, and can easily lead to destruction of the physical form of the original cast body. Here we explore how the partial thermal exfoliation of graphene oxide (GO) multilayer nanosheet films can be used to control pore structure and electrical conductivity of planar, textured, and confined GO films. The GO films are shown to exfoliate explosively when the instrument-set heating rates are 100 K/min and above leading to complete destruction of the film geometry. Textured films with engineered micro-wrinkling and crumpling show similar thermal behavior to planar films. Here, we also demonstrate a novel method to produce fairly large size intact rGO films of high electrical conductivity and microporosity based on confinement. Sandwiching GO precursor films between inert plates during partial exfoliation at 250°C produces high conductivity and porosity material in the form of a flexible film that preserves the macroscopic structure of the original cast body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbeom Kwon
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 182 Hope St., Providence, RI, USA, 02912
| | - Muchun Liu
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 182 Hope St., Providence, RI, USA, 02912
| | - Cintia Castilho
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 182 Hope St., Providence, RI, USA, 02912
| | - Zachary Saleeba
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 182 Hope St., Providence, RI, USA, 02912
| | - Robert Hurt
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 182 Hope St., Providence, RI, USA, 02912
| | - Indrek Külaots
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 182 Hope St., Providence, RI, USA, 02912
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Neves Borgheti-Cardoso L, San Anselmo M, Lantero E, Lancelot A, Serrano JL, Hernández-Ainsa S, Fernàndez-Busquets X, Sierra T. Promising nanomaterials in the fight against malaria. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:9428-9448. [PMID: 32955067 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01398f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For more than one hundred years, several treatments against malaria have been proposed but they have systematically failed, mainly due to the occurrence of drug resistance in part resulting from the exposure of the parasite to low drug doses. Several factors are behind this problem, including (i) the formidable barrier imposed by the Plasmodium life cycle with intracellular localization of parasites in hepatocytes and red blood cells, (ii) the adverse fluidic conditions encountered in the blood circulation that affect the interaction of molecular components with target cells, and (iii) the unfavorable physicochemical characteristics of most antimalarial drugs, which have an amphiphilic character and can be widely distributed into body tissues after administration and rapidly metabolized in the liver. To surpass these drawbacks, rather than focusing all efforts on discovering new drugs whose efficacy is quickly decreased by the parasite's evolution of resistance, the development of effective drug delivery carriers is a promising strategy. Nanomaterials have been investigated for their capacity to effectively deliver antimalarial drugs at local doses sufficiently high to kill the parasites and avoid drug resistance evolution, while maintaining a low overall dose to prevent undesirable toxic side effects. In recent years, several nanostructured systems such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles or dendrimers have been shown to be capable of improving the efficacy of antimalarial therapies. In this respect, nanomaterials are a promising drug delivery vehicle and can be used in therapeutic strategies designed to fight the parasite both in humans and in the mosquito vector of the disease. The chemical analyses of these nanomaterials are essential for the proposal and development of effective anti-malaria therapies. This review is intended to analyze the application of nanomaterials to improve the drug efficacy on different stages of the malaria parasites in both the human and mosquito hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Neves Borgheti-Cardoso
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain and Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, ES-08036 Barcelona, Spain and Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María San Anselmo
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Dep. Química Orgánica-Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Elena Lantero
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain and Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, ES-08036 Barcelona, Spain and Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alexandre Lancelot
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Dep. Química Orgánica-Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - José Luis Serrano
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Dep. Química Orgánica-Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Silvia Hernández-Ainsa
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Dep. Química Orgánica-Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. and ARAID Foundation, Government of Aragón, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain and Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, ES-08036 Barcelona, Spain and Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Teresa Sierra
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Dep. Química Orgánica-Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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14
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Liu M, Qian L, Yu C, Xiao G, Hurt RH. An all-inorganic, fully dense, stretchable ceramic magnetic film. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:800-804. [PMID: 36133841 PMCID: PMC9418692 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00949k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is widespread interest in new materials-based approaches for introducing flexibility to electromagnetic devices, such as displays, human-machine interfaces, smart textiles, and biomedical implants. From fabrication to application, incorporating ceramic components is particularly challenging due to their extreme stiffness. Here, we introduce a new approach for designing flexible ceramic films and demonstrate it by fabricating fully dense, pre-wrinkled magnetic cobalt ferrite films composed of tiled nanoplatelets. The method relies on the colloidal engineering of metalized graphene nanosheets, which are cast and compressed into wrinkled composite films with accurate control of composition and morphology. Removal of the graphene template by thermal oxidation yields free-standing cobalt ferrite films that can be stretched up to 200% and bent to radii of 2.5 mm while maintaining their magnetic properties. Magnetization retention of 73% is documented after 150% linear mechanical stretching over 100 cycles. The significant stretchability and flexibility in this hard magnetic material is achieved at near full metal oxide crystal density without addition of significant void space or a polymeric elastomer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muchun Liu
- School of Engineering, Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Lijuan Qian
- Department of Physics, Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Chao Yu
- School of Engineering, Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Physics, Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
| | - Robert H Hurt
- School of Engineering, Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA
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15
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Controlling nanochannel orientation and dimensions in graphene-based nanofluidic membranes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:507. [PMID: 33479231 PMCID: PMC7820404 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in exploiting van der Waals gaps in layered materials as nanofluidic channels. Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets are known to spontaneously assemble into stacked planar membranes with transport properties that are highly selective to molecular structure. Use of conventional GO membranes in liquid-phase applications is often limited by low flux values, due to intersheet nanochannel alignment perpendicular to the desired Z-directional transport, which leads to circuitous fluid pathways that are orders of magnitude longer than the membrane thickness. Here we demonstrate an approach that uses compressive instability in Zr-doped GO thin films to create wrinkle patterns that rotate nanosheets to high angles. Capturing this structure in polymer matrices and thin sectioning produce fully dense membranes with arrays of near-vertically aligned nanochannels. These robust nanofluidic devices offer pronounced reduction in fluid path-length, while retaining the high selectivity for water over non-polar molecules characteristic of GO interlayer nanochannels. Vertically stacked graphene oxide sheets are promising structures for molecular sieving technologies. By folding large planar sheets in an accordion-like manner, Liu et al. fabricate a thin robust filter with near-vertically aligned nanochannels geared towards commercial separation membranes.
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16
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Zheng K, Li S, Jing L, Chen P, Xie J. Synergistic Antimicrobial Titanium Carbide (MXene) Conjugated with Gold Nanoclusters. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2001007. [PMID: 32881328 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance toward antibiotics is a world-wide problem, and one potential solution to fight against the resistance is to develop multi-mechanism antimicrobial agents to achieve synergistic performance. Titanium carbide (MXene) is an emerging 2D nanomaterial with antimicrobial ability to physically damage bacterial membrane and chemically induce oxidative stress, and it can be further conjugated with nanomaterials to improve its antibacterial performance. Herein, a synergistic antimicrobial agent is developed through conjugation of the ultra-small gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) on MXene nanosheets. The conjugated AuNCs are effectively delivered into bacteria after bacterial membrane damage caused by MXene, generating localized reactive oxygen species (ROS) of high concentration to effectively oxidize bacterial membrane lipid for enhanced membrane broken, as well as bacterial DNA for violent fragmentation. Thus, the synergistic physical (via MXene) and chemical (via MXene and AuNCs) antimicrobial mechanisms lead to eventual bacterial death of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with low IC50 values of 11.7 µg mL-1 of MXene and 0.04 µm of AuNCs. Moreover, the crumpled MXene-AuNCs structure is constructed to inhibit biofilm formation, which hold synergistic antibacterial ability of MXene-AuNCs conjugation, hydrophobic surface to prevent bacterial attachment, and large surface area containing higher density of bactericides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Lin Jing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Po‐Yen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117585 Singapore
| | - Jianping Xie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117585 Singapore
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17
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Tan Y, Hu B, Song J, Chu Z, Wu W. Bioinspired Multiscale Wrinkling Patterns on Curved Substrates: An Overview. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:101. [PMID: 34138101 PMCID: PMC7770713 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The surface wrinkling of biological tissues is ubiquitous in nature. Accumulating evidence suggests that the mechanical force plays a significant role in shaping the biological morphologies. Controlled wrinkling has been demonstrated to be able to spontaneously form rich multiscale patterns, on either planar or curved surfaces. The surface wrinkling on planar substrates has been investigated thoroughly during the past decades. However, most wrinkling morphologies in nature are based on the curved biological surfaces and the research of controllable patterning on curved substrates still remains weak. The study of wrinkling on curved substrates is critical for understanding the biological growth, developing three-dimensional (3D) or four-dimensional (4D) fabrication techniques, and creating novel topographic patterns. In this review, fundamental wrinkling mechanics and recent advances in both fabrications and applications of the wrinkling patterns on curved substrates are summarized. The mechanics behind the wrinkles is compared between the planar and the curved cases. Beyond the film thickness, modulus ratio, and mismatch strain, the substrate curvature is one more significant parameter controlling the surface wrinkling. Curved substrates can be both solid and hollow with various 3D geometries across multiple length scales. Up to date, the wrinkling morphologies on solid/hollow core-shell spheres and cylinders have been simulated and selectively produced. Emerging applications of the curved topographic patterns have been found in smart wetting surfaces, cell culture interfaces, healthcare materials, and actuators, which may accelerate the development of artificial organs, stimuli-responsive devices, and micro/nano fabrications with higher dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlong Tan
- College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Biru Hu
- College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Song
- College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengyong Chu
- College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjian Wu
- College of Liberal Arts and Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Xue S, Ji C, Kowal MD, Molas JC, Lin CW, McVerry BT, Turner CL, Mak WH, Anderson M, Muni M, Hoek EMV, Xu ZL, Kaner RB. Nanostructured Graphene Oxide Composite Membranes with Ultrapermeability and Mechanical Robustness. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:2209-2218. [PMID: 32058724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) membranes have great potential for separation applications due to their low-friction water permeation combined with unique molecular sieving ability. However, the practical use of deposited GO membranes is limited by the inferior mechanical robustness of the membrane composite structure derived from conventional deposition methods. Here, we report a nanostructured GO membrane that possesses great permeability and mechanical robustness. This composite membrane consists of an ultrathin selective GO nanofilm (as low as 32 nm thick) and a postsynthesized macroporous support layer that exhibits excellent stability in water and under practical permeability testing. By utilizing thin-film lift off (T-FLO) to fabricate membranes with precise optimizations in both selective and support layers, unprecedented water permeability (47 L·m-2·hr-1·bar-1) and high retention (>98% of solutes with hydrated radii larger than 4.9 Å) were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangmei Xue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chenhao Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Matthew D Kowal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jenna C Molas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Cheng-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Brian T McVerry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Christopher L Turner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wai H Mak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mackenzie Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mit Muni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Eric M V Hoek
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of the Environment & Sustainability and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhen-Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Richard B Kaner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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19
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Peng C, Iqbal Z, Sirkar KK, Peterson GW. Graphene Oxide-Based Membrane as a Protective Barrier against Toxic Vapors and Gases. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:11094-11103. [PMID: 32078289 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditional protective garments loaded with activated carbons to remove toxic gases are very bulky. Novel graphene oxide (GO) flake-based composite lamellar membrane structure is being developed as a potential component of a garment for protection against chemical warfare agents (CWAs) represented here by simulants, dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) (a sarin-simulant), and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) (a simulant for sulfur mustard), yet allowing a high-moisture transmission rate. GO flakes of dimensions 300-800 nm, 0.7-1.2 nm thickness and dispersed in an aqueous suspension were formed into a membrane by vacuum filtration on a porous poly(ether sulfone) (PES) or poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) support membrane for noncovalent π-π interactions with GO flakes. After physical compression of such a membrane, upright cup tests indicated that it can block toluene for 3-4 days and DMMP for 5 days while exhibiting excellent water vapor permeation. Further, they display very low permeances for small-molecule gases/vapors. The GO flakes underwent cross-linking later with ethylenediamine (EDA) introduced during the vacuum filtration followed by physical compression and heating. With a further spray coating of polyurethane (PU), these membranes could be bent without losing barrier properties vis-à-vis the CWA simulant DMMP for 5 days; a membrane not subjected to bending blocked DMMP for 15 days. For the PEEK-EDA-GO-PU-compressed membranes after bending, the separation factors of H2O over other species for low gas flow rates in the dynamic moisture permeation cell (DMPC) are: αH2O-He is 42.3; αH2O-N2 is 110; and αH2O-ethane is 1800. At higher gas flow rates in the DMPC, the moisture transmission rate goes up considerably due to reduced boundary layer resistances and exceeds the threshold water vapor flux of 2000 g/(m2·day) that defines a breathable fabric. This membrane displayed considerable resistance to permeation by CEES as well. The PES-EDA-GO-PU-compressed membrane shows good mechanical property under tensile strength tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gregory W Peterson
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, FCDD-CBR-PF, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010-5424, United States
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20
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Mackanic DG, Chang TH, Huang Z, Cui Y, Bao Z. Stretchable electrochemical energy storage devices. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4466-4495. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00035c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Deformable energy storage devices are needed to power the next generation of wearable electronics. This review highlights the most recent advances in stretchable energy storage devices with a focus on batteries and supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Mackanic
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Stanford University
- Shriram Center
- Stanford
- USA
| | - Ting-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Stanford University
- Shriram Center
- Stanford
- USA
| | - Zhuojun Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Stanford University
- Stanford
- USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Stanford University
- Shriram Center
- Stanford
- USA
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21
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Machnicki CE, Fu F, Jing L, Chen PY, Wong IY. Mechanochemical engineering of 2D materials for multiscale biointerfaces. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6293-6309. [PMID: 31460549 PMCID: PMC6812607 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01006h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atomically thin nanomaterials represent a unique paradigm for interfacing with biological systems due to their mechanical flexibility, exceptional interfacial area, and ease of chemical functionalization. In particular, these two-dimensional (2D) materials are able to bend, curve, and fold in response to biologically-generated forces or other external stimuli. Such origami-like folding of 2D materials into wrinkled or crumpled topographies allows them to withstand large deformations by accordion-like unfolding, with implications for stretchable and shape-changing devices. Here, we review how mechanically manipulated 2D materials can interact with biological systems across a multitude of length scales. We focus on recent work where wrinkling, crumpling, or bending of 2D materials permits new chemical and material properties, with four case studies: (i) programming biomolecular reactivity and enhanced sensing, (ii) directed adhesion and encapsulation of bacteria or mammalian cells, (iii) stimuli-responsive actuators and soft robotics, and (iv) stretchable barrier technologies and wearable human-scale sensors. Finally, we consider future directions for manufacturing, materials and systems integration, as well as biocompatibility. Taken together, these 2D materials may enable new avenues for ultrasensitive molecular detection, biomaterial scaffolds, soft machines, and wearable technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Machnicki
- School of Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. and Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Fanfan Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Lin Jing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Po-Yen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ian Y Wong
- School of Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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22
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Deng K, Liu Z, Hu J, Liu W, Zhang L, Xie R, Ju X, Wang W, Chu L. Composite bilayer films with organic compound-triggered bending properties. Chin J Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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23
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Abstract
Graphene-based materials are being developed for a variety of wearable technologies to provide advanced functions that include sensing; temperature regulation; chemical, mechanical, or radiative protection; or energy storage. We hypothesized that graphene films may also offer an additional unanticipated function: mosquito bite protection for light, fiber-based fabrics. Here, we investigate the fundamental interactions between graphene-based films and the globally important mosquito species, Aedes aegypti, through a combination of live mosquito experiments, needle penetration force measurements, and mathematical modeling of mechanical puncture phenomena. The results show that graphene or graphene oxide nanosheet films in the dry state are highly effective at suppressing mosquito biting behavior on live human skin. Surprisingly, behavioral assays indicate that the primary mechanism is not mechanical puncture resistance, but rather interference with host chemosensing. This interference is proposed to be a molecular barrier effect that prevents Aedes from detecting skin-associated molecular attractants trapped beneath the graphene films and thus prevents the initiation of biting behavior. The molecular barrier effect can be circumvented by placing water or human sweat as molecular attractants on the top (external) film surface. In this scenario, pristine graphene films continue to protect through puncture resistance-a mechanical barrier effect-while graphene oxide films absorb the water and convert to mechanically soft hydrogels that become nonprotective.
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Impact of Clinician Personal Protective Equipment on Medical Device Use During Public Health Emergency: A Review. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2019; 14:273-283. [DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2019.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the impact of personal protective equipment (PPE) on medical device use during public health emergency responses. We conducted a systematic literature search of peer-reviewed journals in PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases. Twenty-nine of 92 articles published between 1984 and 2015 met the inclusion criteria for the review. Although many medical device use impacts were reported, they predominantly fell into 3 categories: airway management, drug administration, and diagnostics and monitoring. Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN)-PPE increased completion times for emergency clinical procedures by as much as 130% and first attempt failure rates by 35% (anesthetist) versus 55% (non-anesthetist). Effects of CBRN-PPE use depend on device, CBRN-PPE level, and clinician experience and training. Continuous clinical training of responders in CBRN-PPE and device modifications can improve safety and effectiveness of medical device use during public health emergency response.
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25
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Yang H, Yeow BS, Chang TH, Li K, Fu F, Ren H, Chen PY. Graphene Oxide-Enabled Synthesis of Metal Oxide Origamis for Soft Robotics. ACS NANO 2019; 13:5410-5420. [PMID: 30896919 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Origami structures have been widely applied in various technologies especially in the fields of soft robotics. Metal oxides (MOs) have recently emerged as unconventional backbone materials for constructing complex origamis with distinct functionalities. However, the MO origami structures reported in the literature were rigid and not deformable, thus limiting their applications to soft robotics. Herein, we reported a graphene oxide (GO)-enabled templating synthesis to produce complex MO origami structures from their paper origami templates with high structural replication. The MO origami structures were next stabilized with elastomer, and the MO-elastomer origamis were able to be adapted into multiple actuation systems (including magnetic fields, shape-memory alloys, and pneumatics) for the fabrication of MO origami robots. Compared with conventional paper origami robots, the MO robots were lightweight, mechanically compliant, fire-retardant, magnetic responsive, and power efficient. We further demonstrated the legendary phoenix-fire-reborn concept in the soft robotics fields: a paper origami robot sacrificed itself in a fire scene and transformed itself into a downsized Al2O3 robot; the Al2O3 robot was able to crawl through a narrow tunnel where the original paper robot was unfit. These MO reconfigurable origamis provide an expanded material library for building soft robotics, and the functionalities of MO robots can be systematically engineered via the intercalation of various metal ions during the GO-enabled synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore (NUS) , 117585 , Singapore
| | - Bok Seng Yeow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , National University of Singapore (NUS) , 117585 , Singapore
| | - Ting-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore (NUS) , 117585 , Singapore
| | - Kerui Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore (NUS) , 117585 , Singapore
| | - Fanfan Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore (NUS) , 117585 , Singapore
| | - Hongliang Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , National University of Singapore (NUS) , 117585 , Singapore
| | - Po-Yen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore (NUS) , 117585 , Singapore
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26
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Song J, Tan Y, Chu Z, Xiao M, Li G, Jiang Z, Wang J, Hu T. Hierarchical Reduced Graphene Oxide Ridges for Stretchable, Wearable, and Washable Strain Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1283-1293. [PMID: 30525398 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, flexible and wearable devices are increasingly in demand and graphene has been widely used due to its exceptional chemical, mechanical and electrical properties. Building complex buckling patterns of graphene is an essential strategy to increase its flexible and stretchable properties. Herein, a facile dimensionally controlled four-dimensional (4D) shrinking method was proposed to generate hierarchical reduced graphene oxide (rGO) buckling patterns on curved substrates mimicking different parts of the uniforms. The reduced graphene oxide ridges (rGORs) generated on the spherical substrate seem isotropic, while those generated on the cylindrical substrate are obviously more hierarchical or oriented, especially when the cylindrical substrate are shrinking via two steps. The oriented rGORs are superhydrophobic and strain sensitive but obviously anisotropic along the axial and circumferential directions. The sensitivity of rGORs along the axial direction is much higher than those along the circumferential direction. In addition, the intrinsic solvent barrier property of graphene enables the crack-free rGORs an excellent chemical protective performance, withstanding DCM immersion for more than 2.5 h. The flexible rGORs-based strain sensors can be used to detect both large and subtle human motions and activities by achieving high sensitivity (maximum gauge factor up to 48), high unidirectional stretchability (300-530%), and ultrahigh areal stretchability (up to 2690%). Excellent durability was also demonstrated for human motion monitoring with resistance to hand rubbing, ultrasonic cleaning, machine washing, and chemical immersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences , National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073 , P. R. China
| | - Yinlong Tan
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences , National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073 , P. R. China
| | - Zengyong Chu
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences , National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073 , P. R. China
| | - Min Xiao
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences , National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073 , P. R. China
| | - Gongyi Li
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences , National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073 , P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences , National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences , National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073 , P. R. China
| | - Tianjiao Hu
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences , National University of Defense Technology , Changsha 410073 , P. R. China
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27
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Chang TH, Li K, Yang H, Chen PY. Multifunctionality and Mechanical Actuation of 2D Materials for Skin-Mimicking Capabilities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802418. [PMID: 30133027 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Human skin serves as a multifunctional organ with remarkable properties, such as sensation, protection, regulation, and mechanical stretchability. The mimicry of skin's multifunctionalities via various nanomaterials has become an emerging topic. 2D materials have attracted much interest in the field of skin mimicry due to unique physiochemical properties. Herein, recent developments of using various 2D materials to mimic skin's sensing, protecting, and regulating capabilities are summarized. Next, to endow high stretchability to 2D materials, the approaches for fabrication of stretchable bilayer structures by integrating higher dimensional 2D materials onto soft elastomeric substrates are introduced. Accordion-like 2D material structures can elongate with elastomers and undergo programmed folding/unfolding processes to mimic skin's stretchability. That stretchable 2D material devices can achieve effective tactile sensing and protecting capabilities under large deformation is then highlighted. Finally, multiple key directions and existing challenges for future development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Kerui Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Haitao Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Po-Yen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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