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Tsuyama Y, Mawatari K. Nanofluidic Detection Platform for Simultaneous Light Absorption and Scattering Measurement of Individual Nanoparticles in Flow. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38959081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Characterization and quantification of plasmonic nanoparticles at the single particle level have become increasingly important with the advancements in nanotechnology and their application to various biological analyses including diagnostics, photothermal therapy, and immunoassays. While various nanoparticle detection methodologies have been developed and widely used, simultaneous measurement of light absorption and scattering from individual plasmonic nanoparticles in flow is still challenging. Herein, we describe a novel nanofluidic detection platform that enables simultaneous measurement of absorption and scattering signals from individual nanoparticles within a nanochannel. Our detection platform utilized optical diffraction phenomena by a single nanochannel as both a readout signal for photothermal detection and a reference light for interferometric scattering detection. Through the elucidation of the frequency effect on the detection performance and optimization of experimental conditions, we achieved the classification of gold and silver nanoparticles with a diameter of 20-60 nm at an average accuracy score of 82.6 ± 2.1% by measured data sets of absorption and scattering signals. Furthermore, we demonstrated the concentration determination of plasmonic nanoparticle mixtures using a trained Support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Our simple yet sensitive nanofluidic detection platform will be a valuable tool for the analysis of nanoparticles and their applications to chemical and biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Tsuyama
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuma Mawatari
- Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, 2-7, Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
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2
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Bezerra LS, Brasseur P, Sullivan-Allsop S, Cai R, da Silva KN, Wang S, Singh H, Yadav AK, Santos HLS, Chundak M, Abdelsalam I, Heczko VJ, Sitta E, Ritala M, Huo W, Slater TJA, Haigh SJ, Camargo PHC. Ultralow Catalytic Loading for Optimised Electrocatalytic Performance of AuPt Nanoparticles to Produce Hydrogen and Ammonia. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202405459. [PMID: 38711309 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The hydrogen evolution and nitrite reduction reactions are key to producing green hydrogen and ammonia. Antenna-reactor nanoparticles hold promise to improve the performances of these transformations under visible-light excitation, by combining plasmonic and catalytic materials. However, current materials involve compromising either on the catalytic activity or the plasmonic enhancement and also lack control of reaction selectivity. Here, we demonstrate that ultralow loadings and non-uniform surface segregation of the catalytic component optimize catalytic activity and selectivity under visible-light irradiation. Taking Pt-Au as an example we find that fine-tuning the Pt content produces a 6-fold increase in the hydrogen evolution compared to commercial Pt/C as well as a 6.5-fold increase in the nitrite reduction and a 2.5-fold increase in the selectivity for producing ammonia under visible light excitation relative to dark conditions. Density functional theory suggests that the catalytic reactions are accelerated by the intimate contact between nanoscale Pt-rich and Au-rich regions at the surface, which facilitates the formation of electron-rich hot-carrier puddles associated with the Pt-based active sites. The results provide exciting opportunities to design new materials with improved photocatalytic performance for sustainable energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia S Bezerra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, PO Box 55, FIN-0014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul Brasseur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, PO Box 55, FIN-0014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sam Sullivan-Allsop
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Rongsheng Cai
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kaline N da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, PO Box 55, FIN-0014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, PO Box 55, FIN-0014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harishchandra Singh
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Ashok K Yadav
- Synchrotron SOLEIL Beamline SIRIUS, Saint-Aubin, F-91192, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Hugo L S Santos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, PO Box 55, FIN-0014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mykhailo Chundak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, PO Box 55, FIN-0014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ibrahim Abdelsalam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, PO Box 55, FIN-0014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vilma J Heczko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, PO Box 55, FIN-0014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elton Sitta
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, Sao Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Mikko Ritala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, PO Box 55, FIN-0014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wenyi Huo
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University., Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
- NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock, 05-400, Poland
| | - Thomas J A Slater
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Haigh
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro H C Camargo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, PO Box 55, FIN-0014, Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Wang Z, Wang H. Au@C/Pt core@shell/satellite supra-nanostructures: plasmonic antenna-reactor hybrid nanocatalysts. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5435-5448. [PMID: 37822901 PMCID: PMC10563835 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00498h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Integration of plasmonic nanoantennas with catalytically active reactors in deliberately designed hybrid supra-nanostructures creates a dual-functional materials platform, based upon which precise modulation of catalytic reaction kinetics becomes accomplishable through optical excitations of plasmon resonances. Here, we have developed a multistep synthetic approach that enables us to assemble colloidal Au@C/Pt core@shell/satellite supra-nanostructures, in which the Au core functions as a light-harvesting plasmonic nanoantenna, the Pt satellites act as catalytically active reactors, and the C shell serves as a nanoscale dielectric spacer separating the reactors from the antenna, respectively. By adjusting several synthetic parameters, the size of the Au core, the thickness of the C shell, and the surface coverage of Pt satellites can all be tuned independently. Choosing Pt-catalyzed cascade oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine in an aerobic aqueous environment as a model reaction, we have systematically studied the detailed kinetic features of the catalytic reactions both in the dark and under visible light illumination over a broad range of reaction conditions, which sheds light on the interplay between plasmonic and catalytic effects in these antenna-reactor nanohybrids. The plasmonic antenna effect can be effectively harnessed to kinetically modulate multiple crucial steps during the cascade reactions, benefiting from plasmon-enhanced interband electronic transitions in the Pt satellites and plasmon-enhanced intramolecular electronic excitations in chromogenic intermediate species. In addition to the plasmonic antenna effect, photothermal transduction derived from plasmonic excitations can also provide significant contributions to the kinetic enhancements under visible light illumination. The knowledge gained from this work serves as important guiding principles for rational design and structural optimization of plasmonic antenna-reactor hybrid nanomaterials, endowing us with enhanced capabilities to kinetically modulate targeted catalytic/photocatalytic molecule-transforming processes through light illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina 29208 USA +1-803-777-9521 +1-803-777-2203
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina Columbia South Carolina 29208 USA +1-803-777-9521 +1-803-777-2203
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4
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Xie X, van Huis MA, van Blaaderen A. Morphology-Controlled Growth of Crystalline Ag-Pt-Alloyed Shells onto Au Nanotriangles and Their Plasmonic Properties. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:16052-16060. [PMID: 37609379 PMCID: PMC10441576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c02897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance of noble-metal nanoparticles depends on nanoscale size, morphology, and composition, and provides great opportunities for applications in biomedicine, optoelectronics, (photo)catalysis, photovoltaics, and sensing. Here, we present the results of synthesizing ternary metallic or trimetallic nanoparticles, Au nanotriangles (Au NTs) with crystalline Ag-Pt alloyed shells, the morphology of which can be adjusted from a yolk-shell to a core-shell structure by changing the concentration of AgNO3 or the concentration of Au NT seeds, while the shell thickness can be precisely controlled by adjusting the concentration of K2PtCl4. By monitoring the growth process with UV-vis spectra and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), the shells on the Au NT-Ag-Pt yolk-shell nanoparticles were found to grow via a galvanic replacement synergistic route. The plasmonic properties of the as-synthesized nanoparticles were investigated by optical absorbance measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marijn A. van Huis
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Gargiulo J, Herran M, Violi IL, Sousa-Castillo A, Martinez LP, Ezendam S, Barella M, Giesler H, Grzeschik R, Schlücker S, Maier SA, Stefani FD, Cortés E. Impact of bimetallic interface design on heat generation in plasmonic Au/Pd nanostructures studied by single-particle thermometry. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3813. [PMID: 37369657 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized surface plasmons are lossy and generate heat. However, accurate measurement of the temperature of metallic nanoparticles under illumination remains an open challenge, creating difficulties in the interpretation of results across plasmonic applications. Particularly, there is a quest for understanding the role of temperature in plasmon-assisted catalysis. Bimetallic nanoparticles combining plasmonic with catalytic metals are raising increasing interest in artificial photosynthesis and the production of solar fuels. Here, we perform single-particle thermometry measurements to investigate the link between morphology and light-to-heat conversion of colloidal Au/Pd nanoparticles with two different configurations: core-shell and core-satellite. It is observed that the inclusion of Pd as a shell strongly reduces the photothermal response in comparison to the bare cores, while the inclusion of Pd as satellites keeps photothermal properties almost unaffected. These results contribute to a better understanding of energy conversion processes in plasmon-assisted catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gargiulo
- Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany.
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Matias Herran
- Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Ianina L Violi
- Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Sousa-Castillo
- Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Luciana P Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Simone Ezendam
- Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Mariano Barella
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Helene Giesler
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Roland Grzeschik
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schlücker
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, 3800, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Fernando D Stefani
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, C1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany.
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6
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Wang J, Fang W, Liu H. Gold Triangular Nanoprisms: Anisotropic Plasmonic Materials with Unique Structures and Properties. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200464. [PMID: 36781389 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
As a novel type of anisotropic inorganic nanomaterials, gold triangular nanoprisms (AuTNPs) have been widely studied for their well-defined structures and excellent plasmonic properties. This review starts with synthetic methodology, combing through the early thermal solution method to the mature seed-mediated method and seedless method. The possible mechanisms proposed by predecessors and the problems needed to be solved are also arranged. Along with this, the important morphological evolution process of AuTNPs during synthesis and post-synthesis stages are revealed, which is of great significance for further understanding the structure of AuTNPs and developing new synthesis strategies. Finally, the applications of AuTNPs, especially associated with plasmonic properties, are listed and summarized where surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), catalysis, phototherapy and biosensor are included, so that researchers can quickly comprehend the current situation, and provide a basis for further development and exploration of AuTNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangming Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Weina Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Huajie Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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7
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Hammoud L, Strebler C, Toufaily J, Hamieh T, Keller V, Caps V. The role of the gold-platinum interface in AuPt/TiO 2-catalyzed plasmon-induced reduction of CO 2 with water. Faraday Discuss 2023; 242:443-463. [PMID: 36205304 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00094f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic gold-platinum nanoparticles have been widely studied in the fields of nanoalloys, catalysis and plasmonics. Many preparation methods can lead to the formation of these bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs), and the structure and related properties of the nanoalloy often depend on the preparation method used. Here we investigate the ability of thermal dimethylformamide (DMF) reduction to prepare bimetallic gold-platinum sub-nm clusters supported on titania. We find that deposition of Pt preferentially occurs on gold. Formation of sub-nm clusters (vs. NPs) appears to be dependent on the metal concentration used: clusters can be obtained for metal loadings up to 4 wt% but 7-8 nm NPs are formed for metal loadings above 8 wt%, as shown using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows electron-rich Au and Pt components in a pure metallic form and significant platinum enrichment of the surface, which increases with increasing Pt/Au ratio and suggests the presence of Au@Pt core-shell type structures. By contrast, titania-supported bimetallic particles (typically >7 nm) obtained by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reduction in DMF, contain Au/Pt Janus-type objects in addition to oxidized forms of Pt as evidenced by HRTEM, which is in agreement with the lower Pt surface enrichment found by XPS. Both types of supported nanostructures contain a gold-platinum interface, as shown by the chemical interface damping, i.e. gold plasmon damping by Pt, found using UV-visible spectroscopy. Evaluation of the materials for plasmon-induced continuous flow CO2 reduction with water, shows that: (1) subnanometer metallic clusters are not suitable for CO2 reduction with water, producing hydrogen from the competing water reduction instead, thereby highlighting the plasmonic nature of the reaction; (2) the highest methane production rates are obtained for the highest Pt enrichments of the surface, i.e. the core-shell-like structures achieved by the thermal DMF reduction method; (3) selectivity towards CO2 reduction vs. the competing water reduction is enhanced by loading of the plasmonic NPs, i.e. coverage of the titania semi-conductor by plasmonic NPs. Full selectivity is achieved for loadings above 6 wt%, regardless of the NPs composition and alloy structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hammoud
- ICPEES (CNRS UMR 7515/Université de Strasbourg), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 02, France.
| | - Claire Strebler
- ICPEES (CNRS UMR 7515/Université de Strasbourg), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 02, France.
| | - Joumana Toufaily
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis, Environment and Analytical Methods Laboratory (MCEMA), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Tayssir Hamieh
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis, Environment and Analytical Methods Laboratory (MCEMA), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri Campus, Hadath, Lebanon.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastrich, P.O. Box 616, The Netherlands
| | - Valérie Keller
- ICPEES (CNRS UMR 7515/Université de Strasbourg), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 02, France.
| | - Valérie Caps
- ICPEES (CNRS UMR 7515/Université de Strasbourg), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, Cedex 02, France.
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8
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Rodrigues MPS, Dourado AHB, Sampaio de Oliveira-Filho AG, de Lima Batista AP, Feil M, Krischer K, Córdoba de Torresi SI. Gold–Rhodium Nanoflowers for the Plasmon-Enhanced CO 2 Electroreduction Reaction upon Visible Light. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria P. S. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-080São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Nonequilibrium Chemical Physics, Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748Garching, Germany
| | - André H. B. Dourado
- Nonequilibrium Chemical Physics, Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748Garching, Germany
| | - Antonio G. Sampaio de Oliveira-Filho
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana P. de Lima Batista
- Departamento de Química, Grupo Computacional de Catálise e Espectroscopia (GCCE), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235, CP 676, 13565-905São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Moritz Feil
- Nonequilibrium Chemical Physics, Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748Garching, Germany
| | - Katharina Krischer
- Nonequilibrium Chemical Physics, Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748Garching, Germany
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Forcherio GT, Ostovar B, Boltersdorf J, Cai YY, Leff AC, Grew KN, Lundgren CA, Link S, Baker DR. Single-Particle Insights into Plasmonic Hot Carrier Separation Augmenting Photoelectrochemical Ethanol Oxidation with Photocatalytically Synthesized Pd-Au Bimetallic Nanorods. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12377-12389. [PMID: 35894585 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the nature of hot carrier pathways following surface plasmon excitation of heterometallic nanostructures and their mechanistic prevalence during photoelectrochemical oxidation of complex hydrocarbons, such as ethanol, remains challenging. This work studies the fate of carriers from Au nanorods before and after the presence of reductively photodeposited Pd at the single-particle level using scattering and emission spectroscopy, along with ensemble photoelectrochemical methods. A sub-2 nm epitaxial Pd0 shell was reductively grown onto colloidal Au nanorods via hot carriers generated from surface plasmon resonance excitation in the presence of [PdCl4]2-. These bimetallic Pd-Au nanorod architectures exhibited 14% quenched emission quantum yields and 9% augmented plasmon damping determined from their scattering spectra compared to the bare Au nanorods, consistent with injection/separation of intraband hot carriers into the Pd. Absorbed photon-to-current efficiency in photoelectrochemical ethanol oxidation was enhanced 50× from 0.00034% to 0.017% due to the photodeposited Pd. Photocurrent during ethanol oxidation improved 13× under solar-simulated AM1.5G and 40× for surface plasmon resonance-targeted irradiation conditions after photodepositing Pd, consistent with enhanced participation of intraband-excited sp-band holes and desorption of ethanol oxidation reaction intermediates owing to photothermal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Forcherio
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783 United States
- Electro-Optic Technology Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane, Indiana 47522 United States
| | | | - Jonathan Boltersdorf
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783 United States
| | | | - Asher C Leff
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783 United States
- General Technical Services, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Kyle N Grew
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783 United States
| | - Cynthia A Lundgren
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783 United States
| | | | - David R Baker
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command - Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783 United States
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10
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Ninakanti R, Dingenen F, Borah R, Peeters H, Verbruggen SW. Plasmonic Hybrid Nanostructures in Photocatalysis: Structures, Mechanisms, and Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:40. [PMID: 35951165 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
(Sun)Light is an abundantly available sustainable source of energy that has been used in catalyzing chemical reactions for several decades now. In particular, studies related to the interaction of light with plasmonic nanostructures have been receiving increased attention. These structures display the unique property of localized surface plasmon resonance, which converts light of a specific wavelength range into hot charge carriers, along with strong local electromagnetic fields, and/or heat, which may all enhance the reaction efficiency in their own way. These unique properties of plasmonic nanoparticles can be conveniently tuned by varying the metal type, size, shape, and dielectric environment, thus prompting a research focus on rationally designed plasmonic hybrid nanostructures. In this review, the term "hybrid" implies nanomaterials that consist of multiple plasmonic or non-plasmonic materials, forming complex configurations in the geometry and/or at the atomic level. We discuss the synthetic techniques and evolution of such hybrid plasmonic nanostructures giving rise to a wide variety of material and geometric configurations. Bimetallic alloys, which result in a new set of opto-physical parameters, are compared with core-shell configurations. For the latter, the use of metal, semiconductor, and polymer shells is reviewed. Also, more complex structures such as Janus and antenna reactor composites are discussed. This review further summarizes the studies exploiting plasmonic hybrids to elucidate the plasmonic-photocatalytic mechanism. Finally, we review the implementation of these plasmonic hybrids in different photocatalytic application domains such as H2 generation, CO2 reduction, water purification, air purification, and disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshreddy Ninakanti
- Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Fons Dingenen
- Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rituraj Borah
- Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Peeters
- Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sammy W Verbruggen
- Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
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11
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Ziefuss AR, Willeke M, Miertz M, Heinemann A, Rehbock C, Barcikowski S. Influence of Pt alloying on the fluorescence of fully inorganic, colloidal gold nanoclusters. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200033. [PMID: 35380738 PMCID: PMC9321736 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Noble metal alloy nanoclusters (NCs) are interesting systems as the properties of two or more elements can be combined in one particle, leading to interesting fluorescence phenomena. However, previous studies have been exclusively performed on ligand‐capped NCs from wet chemical synthesis. This makes it difficult to differentiate to which extent the fluorescence is affected by ligand‐induced effects or the elemental composition of the metal core. In this work, we used laser fragmentation in liquids (LFL) to fabricate colloidal gold‐rich bi‐metallic AuPt NCs in the absence of organic ligands and demonstrate the suitability of this technique to produce molar fraction series of 1nm alloy NC. We found that photoluminescence of ligand‐free NCs is not a phenomenon limited to Au. However, even minute amounts of Pt atoms in the AuPt NCs lead to quenching and red‐shift of the fluorescence, which may be attributed to the altered surface charge density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Ziefuss
- University of Duisburg-Essen - Campus Essen: Universitat Duisburg-Essen - Campus Essen, Technical chemistry I, GERMANY
| | - Michael Willeke
- University of Duisburg-Essen - Campus Essen: Universitat Duisburg-Essen - Campus Essen, Tecnical Chemistry I, GERMANY
| | - Matthias Miertz
- University of Duisburg-Essen - Campus Essen: Universitat Duisburg-Essen - Campus Essen, Technical chemistry I, GERMANY
| | - Alexander Heinemann
- University of Duisburg-Essen - Campus Essen: Universitat Duisburg-Essen - Campus Essen, Technical chemistry I, GERMANY
| | - Christoph Rehbock
- Universität Duisburg-Essen - Campus Essen: Universitat Duisburg-Essen - Campus Essen, Technical chemistry I, GERMANY
| | - Stephan Barcikowski
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Technical Chemistry I, Universitaetsstrasse 5-7, 45141, Essen, GERMANY
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12
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Nazemi M, Panikkanvalappil SR, Liao CK, Mahmoud MA, El-Sayed MA. Role of Femtosecond Pulsed Laser-Induced Atomic Redistribution in Bimetallic Au-Pd Nanorods on Optoelectronic and Catalytic Properties. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10241-10252. [PMID: 34032116 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing solar energy for chemical transformations has attracted a growing interest in promoting the clean and modular chemical synthesis approach and addressing the limitations of conventional thermocatalytic systems. Under light irradiation, noble metal nanoparticles, particularly those characterized by localized surface plasmon resonance, commonly known as plasmonic nanoparticles, generate a strong electromagnetic field, excited hot carriers, and photothermal heating. Plasmonic nanoparticles enabling efficient absorption of light in the visible range have moderate catalytic activities. However, the catalytic performance of a plasmonic nanoparticle can be significantly enhanced by incorporating a highly catalytically active metal domain onto its surface. In this study, we demonstrate that femtosecond laser-induced atomic redistribution of metal domains in bimetallic Au-Pd nanorods (NRs) can enhance its photocurrent response by 2-fold compared to parent Au-Pd NRs. We induce structure changes on Au-Pd NRs by irradiating them with a femtosecond pulsed laser at 808 nm to precisely redistribute Pd atoms on AuNR surfaces, resulting in modified electronic and optical properties and, thereby, enhanced catalytic activity. We also investigate the trade-off between the effect of light absorption and catalytic activity by optimizing the structure and composition of bimetallic Au-Pd nanoparticles. This work provides insight into the design of hybrid plasmonic-catalytic nanostructures with well-tailored geometry, composition, and structure for solar-fuel-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Nazemi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Sajanlal R Panikkanvalappil
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Chih-Kai Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Mahmoud A Mahmoud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Mostafa A El-Sayed
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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13
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Yuan L, Geng Z, Fan B, Guo F, Han C. State-of-the-art progress in tracking plasmon-mediated photoredox catalysis. PURE APPL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2021-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Metal nanocrystals (NCs), particularly for plasmonic metal NCs with specific morphology and size, can strongly interact with ultraviolet-visible or even near-infrared photons to generate energetic charge carriers, localized heating, and electric field enhancement. These unique properties offer a promising opportunity for maneuvering solar-to-chemical energy conversion through different mechanisms. As distinct from previous works, in this review, recent advances of various characterization techniques in probing and monitoring the photophysical/photochemical processes, as well as the reaction mechanisms of plasmon-mediated photoredox catalysis are thoroughly summarized. Understanding how to distinguish and track these reaction mechanisms would furnish basic guidelines to design next-generation photocatalysts for plasmon-enhanced catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430081 , China
| | - Zhaoyi Geng
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430081 , China
| | - Baoan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430081 , China
| | - Fen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430081 , China
| | - Chuang Han
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio 45221 , USA
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14
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Abstract
ConspectusMetal nanoparticles have been utilized for a vast amount of plasmon enhanced spectroscopies and energy conversion devices. Their unique optical properties allow them to be used across the UV-vis-NIR spectrum tuned by their size, shape, and material. In addition to utility in enhanced spectroscopy and energy/charge transfer, the plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles is sensitive to its surrounding environment in several ways. The local refractive index determines the resonance wavelength, but plasmon damping, as indicated by the homogeneous line width, also depends on the surface properties of the metal nanoparticles. Plasmon oscillations can decay through interband, intraband, radiation, and surface damping. While the first three damping mechanisms can be modeled based on bulk dielectric data using electromagnetic simulations, surface damping does not depend on the material properties of the nanoparticle alone but rather on the interface composition between the nanoparticle and its surrounding environment. In this Account, we will discuss three different metal nanoparticle interfaces, identifying the surface damping contribution from chemical interface damping and how it manifests itself in different interface types. On the way to uncovering the various damping contributions, we use three different single-particle spectroscopic techniques that are essential to measuring homogeneous plasmon line widths: darkfield scattering, photothermal heterodyne imaging, and photoluminescence microscopies. Obtaining the homogeneous plasmon spectrum through single-particle spectroscopy is paramount to measuring changes in plasmon damping, where even minor size and shape heterogeneities can completely obfuscate the broadening caused by surface damping. Using darkfield scattering spectroscopy, we first describe a model for chemical interface damping by expanding upon the surface damping contribution to the plasmon resonance line width to include additional influences due to adsorbed molecules. Based on the understanding of chemical interface damping as a surface damping mechanism, we then carefully compare how two molecular isomers lead to greatly different damping rates upon adsorption to gold nanorods due to differences in the formation of image dipoles within the metal nanoparticles. This plasmon damping dependence on the chemical identity of the interface is strongly correlated with the chemical's electronegativity. A similar damping trend is observed for metal oxide semiconductors, where the metal oxide with greater electron affinity leads to larger interface damping. However, in this case, the mechanism is different for the metal oxide interfaces, as damping occurs through charge transfer into interfacial states. Finally, the damping effect of catalytic metal nanoislands on gold nanorods is compared for the three spectroscopic methods mentioned. Through correlated single-particle scattering, absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy, the mechanism for metal-metal interface damping is determined most likely to arise from an enhanced absorption, although charge transfer cannot be ruled out. From this body of research, we conclude that chemical interface damping is a major component of the total damping rate of the plasmon resonance and critically depends on the chemical interface of the metallic nanoparticles. Plasmon damping occurs through distinct mechanisms that are important to differentiate when considering the purpose of the plasmonic nanoparticle: enhanced spectroscopy, energy conversion, or catalysis. It must also be noted that many of the mechanisms are currently indifferentiable, and thus, new single-particle spectroscopic methods are needed to further characterize the mechanisms underlying chemical interface damping.
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15
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Plasmonic Au–Pd Bimetallic Nanocatalysts for Hot-Carrier-Enhanced Photocatalytic and Electrochemical Ethanol Oxidation. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11030226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gold–palladium (Au–Pd) bimetallic nanostructures with engineered plasmon-enhanced activity sustainably drive energy-intensive chemical reactions at low temperatures with solar simulated light. A series of alloy and core–shell Au–Pd nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared to synergistically couple plasmonic (Au) and catalytic (Pd) metals to tailor their optical and catalytic properties. Metal-based catalysts supporting a localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) can enhance energy-intensive chemical reactions via augmented carrier generation/separation and photothermal conversion. Titania-supported Au–Pd bimetallic (i) alloys and (ii) core–shell NPs initiated the ethanol (EtOH) oxidation reaction under solar-simulated irradiation, with emphasis toward driving carbon–carbon (C–C) bond cleavage at low temperatures. Plasmon-assisted complete oxidation of EtOH to CO2, as well as intermediary acetaldehyde, was examined by monitoring the yield of gaseous products from suspended particle photocatalysis. Photocatalytic, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical (PEC) results are correlated with Au–Pd composition and homogeneity to maintain SPR-induced charge separation and mitigate the carbon monoxide poisoning effects on Pd. Photogenerated holes drive the photo-oxidation of EtOH primarily on the Au-Pd bimetallic nanocatalysts and photothermal effects improve intermediate desorption from the catalyst surface, providing a method to selectively cleave C–C bonds.
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16
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Li Z, El-Khoury PZ, Kurouski D. Tip-enhanced Raman imaging of photocatalytic reactions on thermally-reshaped gold and gold–palladium microplates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:891-894. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07060b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The plasmonic/photocatalytic properties of thermally-reshaped walled gold–palladium microplates (WAu@PdMPs) have been explored by TERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | | | - Dmitry Kurouski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
- The Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering
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17
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Ivanchenko M, Evangelista AJ, Jing H. Palladium-rich plasmonic nanorattles with enhanced LSPRs via successive galvanic replacement mediated by co-reduction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:40112-40119. [PMID: 35494128 PMCID: PMC9044558 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06109g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic transformations under light irradiation have been extensively demonstrated by the excitation of the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in noble metal-based nanoparticles. To fully harness the potential of noble metal-based nanocatalysts, it is fundamentally imperative to explore hybrid nano-systems with the most desirable enhanced LSPRs and intrinsic catalytic activities. Pd-containing hollow multimetallic nanostructures transformed from the sacrificial template of Ag via galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) offer such ideal platforms to gain quantitative insights into nanoparticle-catalyzed reactions. In this work, we successfully fabricated Pd-rich plasmonic nanorattles by means of co-reduction mediated GRR using CTAC-stabilized Au@Ag nanocuboids as templates and H2PdCl4 as a Pd precursor in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) acting as a mild reducing agent. Successive titration of Au@Ag nanocuboids with the Pd precursor in the presence of AA modulates the rate of the galvanic replacement reaction as well as effective diffusion of Pd into the Ag matrix, resulting in increased dimensions and enlarged cavity sizes. Reduction of oxidized Ag+ back to Ag0 by AA, along with the deposition of Pd to form homogeneously mixed bimetallic layers not only prevents LSPRs peak from damping with increasing Pd content but also ensures the enhanced catalytic activities. Through precise control of added H2PdCl4 titrant, an unconventional steep increase in extinction intensity accompanied by tunable plasmon resonances shifted towards the NIR spectral region was experimentally observed due to the increasing physical cross-sections and plasmon hybridization in hollow nanorattles. Four colloids of Pd-rich nanorattles obtained by addition of different amounts of the H2PdCl4 titrant were used as catalysts for reduction of 4-nitrothiophenol in the presence of NaBH4 monitored by SERS. Palladium-rich plasmonic nanorattles with enhanced surface plasmon resonances synthesized through successive galvanic replacement mediated by co-reduction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Ivanchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - Andrew J. Evangelista
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - Hao Jing
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
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18
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Adhikari S, Spaeth P, Kar A, Baaske MD, Khatua S, Orrit M. Photothermal Microscopy: Imaging the Optical Absorption of Single Nanoparticles and Single Molecules. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16414-16445. [PMID: 33216527 PMCID: PMC7760091 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The photothermal (PT) signal arises from slight changes of the index of refraction in a sample due to absorption of a heating light beam. Refractive index changes are measured with a second probing beam, usually of a different color. In the past two decades, this all-optical detection method has reached the sensitivity of single particles and single molecules, which gave birth to original applications in material science and biology. PT microscopy enables shot-noise-limited detection of individual nanoabsorbers among strong scatterers and circumvents many of the limitations of fluorescence-based detection. This review describes the theoretical basis of PT microscopy, the methodological developments that improved its sensitivity toward single-nanoparticle and single-molecule imaging, and a vast number of applications to single-nanoparticle imaging and tracking in material science and in cellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis Adhikari
- Huygens−Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Spaeth
- Huygens−Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ashish Kar
- Chemistry
Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology
Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujrat 382355, India
| | - Martin Dieter Baaske
- Huygens−Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saumyakanti Khatua
- Chemistry
Discipline, Indian Institute of Technology
Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujrat 382355, India
| | - Michel Orrit
- Huygens−Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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19
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Guselnikova O, Trelin A, Miliutina E, Elashnikov R, Sajdl P, Postnikov P, Kolska Z, Svorcik V, Lyutakov O. Plasmon-Induced Water Splitting-through Flexible Hybrid 2D Architecture up to Hydrogen from Seawater under NIR Light. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28110-28119. [PMID: 32476406 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The efficient utilization of solar energy is the actual task of the present and near future. Thus, the preparation of appropriate materials that are able to harvest and utilize the broad wavelength range of solar light (especially commonly ignored near-infrared light region-NIR) is the high-priority challenging mission. Our study provides a rationally designed two-dimensional (2D) flexible heterostructures with photocatalytic activity for the production of "clean" hydrogen under NIR illumination, with the hydrogen production rate exceeding most 2D materials and the ability to use the seawater as a starting material. The proposed design utilizes the hybrid bimetallic (Au/Pt) periodic structure, which is further covalently grafted with a metal-organic framework MIL-101(Cr). The periodic gold structure is able to efficiently support the plasmon-polariton wave and to excite the hot electrons, which is further injected in the Pt and MIL-101(Cr) layers. The Pt and MIL-101(Cr) structures provide catalytic sites, which are saturated with hot electrons and efficiently initiate water splitting and hydrogen production. The MIL-101(Cr) layer also serves for repelling generated hydrogen bubbles. The mechanistic studies reveal the catalytic role of every element of the 2D flexible heterostructures. The maximum hydrogen output was achieved under plasmon resonance excitation in the NIR range, and it could be actively controlled by the applied LED wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Guselnikova
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634049 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrii Trelin
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Miliutina
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634049 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Roman Elashnikov
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Sajdl
- Department of Power Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Postnikov
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634049 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Zdenka Kolska
- Faculty of Science, J. E. Purkyně University, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Svorcik
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksiy Lyutakov
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634049 Tomsk, Russian Federation
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20
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Engelbrekt C, Crampton KT, Fishman DA, Law M, Apkarian VA. Efficient Plasmon-Mediated Energy Funneling to the Surface of Au@Pt Core-Shell Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5061-5074. [PMID: 32167744 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The structure and ultrafast photodynamics of ∼8 nm Au@Pt core-shell nanocrystals with ultrathin (<3 atomic layers) Pt-Au alloy shells are investigated to show that they meet the design principles for efficient bimetallic plasmonic photocatalysis. Photoelectron spectra recorded at two different photon energies are used to determine the radial concentration profile of the Pt-Au shell and the electron density near the Fermi energy, which play a key role in plasmon damping and electronic and thermal conductivity. Transient absorption measurements track the flow of energy from the plasmonic core to the electronic manifold of the Pt shell and back to the lattice of the core in the form of heat. We show that strong coupling to the high density of Pt(d) electrons at the Fermi level leads to accelerated dephasing of the Au plasmon on the femtosecond time scale, electron-electron energy transfer from Au(sp) core electrons to Pt(d) shell electrons on the sub-picosecond time scale, and enhanced thermal resistance on the 50 ps time scale. Electron-electron scattering efficiently funnels hot carriers into the ultrathin catalytically active shell at the nanocrystal surface, making them available to drive chemical reactions before losing energy to the lattice via electron-phonon scattering on the 2 ps time scale. The combination of strong broadband light absorption, enhanced electromagnetic fields at the catalytic metal sites, and efficient delivery of hot carriers to the catalyst surface makes core-shell nanocrystals with plasmonic metal cores and ultrathin catalytic metal shells promising nanostructures for the realization of high-efficiency plasmonic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Engelbrekt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Kevin T Crampton
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Dmitry A Fishman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Matt Law
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Vartkess Ara Apkarian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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21
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Gu XY, Liu JJ, Gao PF, Li YF, Huang CZ. Gold Triangular Nanoplates Based Single-Particle Dark-Field Microscopy Assay of Pyrophosphate. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15798-15803. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Chen S, Niu R, Wu W, Kong D, Gao Y. Wavelength-dependent nonlinear absorption and ultrafast dynamics process of Au triangular nanoprisms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:18146-18156. [PMID: 31252762 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.018146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear absorption and ultrafast dynamics process of Au triangular nanoprisms were investigated by using broadband (ranging from 550 to 700 nm) nanosecond Z-scan measurements and femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectrum, respectively. We found that Au triangular nanoprisms exhibit saturation absorption (SA) at low excitation intensities. With the increase of incident intensity, a switch from SA to reverse saturation absorption (RSA) occurs. Photo-dynamics process was found to be a double-exponential energy relaxation with a fast and a slow decay component. Interestingly, when probe wavelength is away from the plasma resonance peak, the decay of relaxation also shows the modulation due to the vibration mode of the coherent excitation.
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23
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Kawawaki T, Nakagawa T, Sakamoto M, Teranishi T. Carrier-Selective Blocking Layer Synergistically Improves the Plasmonic Enhancement Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8402-8406. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nakagawa
- Optical Instruments Division, Unisoku Co., Ltd., Kasugano 2-4-3, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0131, Japan
| | - Masanori Sakamoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
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24
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Araujo TP, Quiroz J, Barbosa EC, Camargo PH. Understanding plasmonic catalysis with controlled nanomaterials based on catalytic and plasmonic metals. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Chavez S, Rao VG, Linic S. Unearthing the factors governing site specific rates of electronic excitations in multicomponent plasmonic systems and catalysts. Faraday Discuss 2019; 214:441-453. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00143j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Direct electronic transitions act as a preferential dissipation pathway for plasmon energy in multicomponent plasmonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Chavez
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Michigan – Ann Arbor
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Vishal Govind Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Michigan – Ann Arbor
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Suljo Linic
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Michigan – Ann Arbor
- Ann Arbor
- USA
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26
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Rao VG, Aslam U, Linic S. Chemical Requirement for Extracting Energetic Charge Carriers from Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles to Perform Electron-Transfer Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:643-647. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Govind Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Umar Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Suljo Linic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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27
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Yang Q, Cai R, Xiao W, Wu Z, Liu X, Xu Y, Xu M, Zhong H, Sun G, Liu Q, Fu Q, Xiang J. Plasmonic ELISA for Sensitive Detection of Disease Biomarkers with a Smart Phone-Based Reader. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:397. [PMID: 30519882 PMCID: PMC6281541 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Serum myoglobin is one of the earliest markers for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. It is, therefore, critical to develop a point-of-care testing technology for myoglobin detection. In this work, we reported a sensitive plasmonic immunoassay-based on enzyme-mediated localized surface plasmon resonance change of gold nanorods for the point-of-care testing detection of myoglobin. In addition, we developed a novel plasmonic immunoassay reader using the ambient light sensor of smart phone to increase the accessibility and utility of the plasmonic immunoassay. The linear detection range of gold nanorods-based plasmonic immunoassay for myoglobin detection was 0.1-1000 ng mL-1 and the limit of detection was 0.057 ng mL-1. Myoglobin in serum samples was also analyzed by the plasmonic immunoassay. The results were significantly correlated with those of conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The plasmonic immunoassay, coupled with smart phone-based reader, could be widely used for point-of-care testing application of acute myocardial infarction, especially in the regions with limited technological resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanli Yang
- Institute of Biotranslational Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruitian Cai
- Institute of Biotranslational Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zengfeng Wu
- Institute of Biotranslational Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Biotranslational Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Institute of Biotranslational Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Xu
- Institute of Biotranslational Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Institute of Biotranslational Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guodong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qihui Liu
- Institute of Biotranslational Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiangqiang Fu
- Institute of Biotranslational Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjian Xiang
- Institute of Biotranslational Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
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28
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Quiroz J, Barbosa ECM, Araujo TP, Fiorio JL, Wang YC, Zou YC, Mou T, Alves TV, de Oliveira DC, Wang B, Haigh SJ, Rossi LM, Camargo PHC. Controlling Reaction Selectivity over Hybrid Plasmonic Nanocatalysts. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7289-7297. [PMID: 30352162 PMCID: PMC6348440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) excitation in plasmonic nanoparticles has been used to accelerate several catalytic transformations under visible-light irradiation. In order to fully harness the potential of plasmonic catalysis, multimetallic nanoparticles containing a plasmonic and a catalytic component, where LSPR-excited energetic charge carriers and the intrinsic catalytic active sites work synergistically, have raised increased attention. Despite several exciting studies observing rate enhancements, controlling reaction selectivity remains very challenging. Here, by employing multimetallic nanoparticles combining Au, Ag, and Pt in an Au@Ag@Pt core-shell and an Au@AgPt nanorattle architectures, we demonstrate that reaction selectivity of a sequential reaction can be controlled under visible light illumination. The control of the reaction selectivity in plasmonic catalysis was demonstrated for the hydrogenation of phenylacetylene as a model transformation. We have found that the localized interaction between the triple bond in phenylacetylene and the Pt nanoparticle surface enables selective hydrogenation of the triple bond (relative to the double bond in styrene) under visible light illumination. Atomistic calculations show that the enhanced selectivity toward the partial hydrogenation product is driven by distinct adsorption configurations and charge delocalization of the reactant and the reaction intermediate at the catalyst surface. We believe these results will contribute to the use of plasmonic catalysis to drive and control a wealth of selective molecular transformations under ecofriendly conditions and visible light illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Quiroz
- Departamento
de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenido Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C. M. Barbosa
- Departamento
de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenido Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaylan P. Araujo
- Departamento
de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenido Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jhonatan L. Fiorio
- Departamento
de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenido Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yi-Chi Wang
- School
of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Chao Zou
- School
of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Tong Mou
- Center
for Interfacial Reaction Engineering and School of Chemical, Biological,
and Materials Engineering, Gallogly College of Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Tiago V. Alves
- Departamento
de Físico-Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Daniela C. de Oliveira
- Centro
Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Laboratório Nacional
de Luz Síncrotron, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bin Wang
- Center
for Interfacial Reaction Engineering and School of Chemical, Biological,
and Materials Engineering, Gallogly College of Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Sarah J. Haigh
- School
of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Liane M. Rossi
- Departamento
de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenido Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. C. Camargo
- Departamento
de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenido Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- E-mail:
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29
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Szychowski B, Leng H, Pelton M, Daniel MC. Controlled etching and tapering of Au nanorods using cysteamine. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:16830-16838. [PMID: 30167608 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05325a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While gold nanorods (AuNRs) have found many applications due to their unique optical properties, a few challenges persist in their synthesis. Namely, it is often difficult to reproducibly synthesize AuNRs with specific and monodisperse sizes, especially at shorter aspect ratios. Here, we report a method of post-synthesis precise tailoring of AuNRs by etching with cysteamine. Cysteamine selectively etches AuNRs from their ends while preserving the initial rod shape and monodispersity, making this a viable means of obtaining highly monodisperse short AuNRs down to aspect ratio 2.3. Further, we explore the effect of this etching method on two types of silica-coated AuNRs: silica side-coated and silica end-coated AuNRs. We find that the etching process is cysteamine concentration-dependent and can lead to different degrees of sharpening of the silica-coated AuNRs, forming elongated tips. We also find that cysteamine behaves only as a ligand at concentrations above 200 mM, as no etching of the AuNRs is observed in this condition. Simulations show that excitation of plasmon resonances in these sharpened AuNRs produces local electric fields twice as strong as those produced by conventional AuNRs. Thus, cysteamine etching of AuNRs is shown to be an effective means of tailoring both the size and shape of AuNRs along with their corresponding optical properties. At the same time, the resulting cysteamine coating on the etched AuNRs displays terminal amino groups that allow for further functionalization of the nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Szychowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA.
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30
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Recent advances in the rational synthesis and self-assembly of anisotropic plasmonic nanoparticles. PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The field of plasmonics has grown at an incredible pace in the last couple of decades, and the synthesis and self-assembly of anisotropic plasmonic materials remains highly dynamic. The engineering of nanoparticle optical and electronic properties has resulted in important consequences for several scientific fields, including energy, medicine, biosensing, and electronics. However, the full potential of plasmonics has not yet been realized due to crucial challenges that remain in the field. In particular, the development of nanoparticles with new plasmonic properties and surface chemistries could enable the rational design of more complex architectures capable of performing advanced functions, like cascade reactions, energy conversion, or signal transduction. The scope of this short review is to highlight the most recent developments in the synthesis and self-assembly of anisotropic metal nanoparticles, which are capable of bringing forward the next generation of plasmonic materials.
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31
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Yao LH, Zhang JP, Dai HW, Wang MS, Zhang LM, Wang X, Han JB. Plasmon-enhanced versatile optical nonlinearities in a Au-Ag-Au multi-segmental hybrid structure. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:12695-12703. [PMID: 29946608 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02938e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A Au-Ag-Au multi-segmental hybrid structure has been synthesized by using an electrodeposition method based on an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane. The third-order optical nonlinearities, second harmonic generation (SHG) and photoluminescence (PL) properties containing ultrafast supercontinuum generation and plasmon mediated thermal emission have been investigated. Significant optical enhancements have been obtained near surface plasmon resonance wavelength in all the abovementioned nonlinear processes. Comparative studies between the Au-Ag-Au multi-segmental hybrid structure and the corresponding single-component Au and Ag hybrid structures demonstrate that the Au-Ag-Au multi-segmental hybrid structure has much larger optical nonlinearities than its counterparts. These results demonstrate that the Au-Ag-Au hybrid structure is a promising candidate for applications in plasmonic devices and enhancement substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hua Yao
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and Department of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
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