1
|
Yoo H, Mahato M, Oh W, Ha J, Han H, Ahn CW, Oh IK. Exploring role of microbatteries in enhancing sustainability and functionality of implantable biosensors and bioelectronics. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 260:116419. [PMID: 38830292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Microbatteries are emerging as a sustainable, miniaturized power source, crucial for implantable biomedical devices. Their significance lies in offering high energy density, longevity, and rechargeability, facilitating uninterrupted health monitoring and treatment within the body. The review delves into the development of microbatteries, emphasizing their miniaturization and biocompatibility, crucial for long-term, safe in-vivo use. It examines cutting-edge manufacturing techniques like physical and chemical vapor deposition, and atomic layer deposition, essential for the precision manufacture of the microbatteries. The paper contrasts primary and secondary batteries, highlighting the advantages of zinc-ion and magnesium-ion batteries for enhanced stability and reduced reactivity. It also explores biodegradable batteries, potentially obviating the need for surgical extraction post-use. The integration of microbatteries into diagnostic and therapeutic devices is also discussed, illustrating how they enhance the efficacy and sustainability of implantable biosensors and bioelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoon Yoo
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Manmatha Mahato
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Oh
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jawon Ha
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Han
- National Nanofab Center (NNFC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Won Ahn
- National Nanofab Center (NNFC), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il-Kwon Oh
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schorr NB, Bhandarkar A, McBrayer JD, Talin AA. Composite Ionogel Electrodes for Polymeric Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1763. [PMID: 39000618 PMCID: PMC11244546 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Realizing rechargeable cells with practical energy and power density requires electrodes with high active material loading, a remaining challenge for solid-state batteries. Here, we present a new strategy based on ionogel-derived solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) to form composite electrodes that enable high active material loading (>10 mg/cm2, ~9 mA/cm2 at 1C) in a scalable approach for fabricating Li-ion cells. By tuning the precursor and active materials composition incorporated into the composite lithium titanate electrodes, we achieve near-theoretical capacity utilization at C/5 rates and cells capable of stable cycling at 5.85 mA/cm2 (11.70 A/g) with over 99% average Coulombic efficiency at room temperature. Finally, we demonstrate a complete polymeric solid-state cell with a composite anode and a composite lithium iron phosphate cathode with ionogel SSEs, which is capable of stable cycling at a 1C rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah B. Schorr
- Department of Power Sources R&D, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - Austin Bhandarkar
- Department of Material Physics, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Josefine D. McBrayer
- Department of Power Sources R&D, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - A. Alec Talin
- Department of Material Physics, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dinh KH, Whang G, Huve M, Troadec D, Barnabé A, Dunn B, Roussel P, Lethien C. High Capacitance Porous Ruthenium Nitride Films with High Rate Capability for Micro-Supercapacitors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402607. [PMID: 38860732 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The demand for high-performance energy storage devices to power Internet of Things applications has driven intensive research on micro-supercapacitors (MSCs). In this study, RuN films made by magnetron sputtering as an efficient electrode material for MSCs are investigated. The sputtering parameters are carefully studied in order to maximize film porosity while maintaining high electrical conductivity, enabling a fast charging process. Using a combination of advanced techniques, the relationships among the morphology, structure, and electrochemical properties of the RuN films are investigated. The films are shown to have a complex structure containing a mixture of crystallized Ru and RuN phases with an amorphous oxide layer. The combination of high electrical conductivity and pseudocapacitive charge storage properties enabled a 16 µm-thick RuN film to achieve a capacitance value of 0.8 F cm-2 in 1 m KOH with ultra-high rate capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khac Huy Dinh
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologies, Université de Lille, CNRS, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, Lille, F-59000, France
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université d'Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS, Lille, F-59000, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, 33 rue Saint Leu, Amiens Cedex, 80039, France
| | - Grace Whang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Marielle Huve
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université d'Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - David Troadec
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologies, Université de Lille, CNRS, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Antoine Barnabé
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse Cedex, 31062, France
| | - Bruce Dunn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Pascal Roussel
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université d'Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Christophe Lethien
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologies, Université de Lille, CNRS, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, Lille, F-59000, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, 33 rue Saint Leu, Amiens Cedex, 80039, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, 75231, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Speulmanns J, Bönhardt S, Weinreich W, Adelhelm P. Interface-Engineered Atomic Layer Deposition of 3D Li 4Ti 5O 12 for High-Capacity Lithium-Ion 3D Thin-Film Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403453. [PMID: 38850189 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Upcoming energy-autonomous mm-scale Internet-of-things devices require high-energy and high-power microbatteries. On-chip 3D thin-film batteries (TFBs) are the most promising option but lack high-rate anode materials. Here, Li4Ti5O12 thin films fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) are electrochemically evaluated on 3D substrates for the first time. The 3D Li4Ti5O12 reveals an excellent footprint capacity of 20.23 µAh cm-2 at 1 C. The outstanding high-rate capability is demonstrated with 7.75 µAh cm-2 at 5 mA cm-2 (250 C) while preserving a remarkable capacity retention of 97.4% after 500 cycles. Planar films with various thicknesses exhibit electrochemical nanoscale effects and are tuned to maximize performance. The developed ALD process enables conformal high-quality spinel (111)-textured Li4Ti5O12 films on Si substrates with an area enhancement of 9. Interface engineering by employing ultrathin AlOx on the current collector facilitates a required crystallization time reduction which ensures high film and interface quality and prospective on-chip integration. This work demonstrates that 3D Li4Ti5O12 by ALD can be an attractive solution for the microelectronics-compatible fabrication of scalable high-energy and high-power Li-ion 3D TFBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Speulmanns
- Center Nanoelectronic Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems, An der Bartlake 5, 01109, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-University Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Bönhardt
- Center Nanoelectronic Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems, An der Bartlake 5, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wenke Weinreich
- Center Nanoelectronic Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems, An der Bartlake 5, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Adelhelm
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-University Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Joint research group Operando Battery Analysis (CE-GOBA), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nuwayhid RB, Kozen AC, Long DM, Ahuja K, Rubloff GW, Gregorczyk KE. Dynamic Electrode-Electrolyte Intermixing in Solid-State Sodium Nano-Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24271-24283. [PMID: 37167022 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured solid-state batteries (SSBs) are poised to meet the demands of next-generation energy storage technologies by realizing performance competitive to their liquid-based counterparts while simultaneously offering improved safety and expanded form factors. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is among the tools essential to fabricate nanostructured devices with challenging aspect ratios. Here, we report the fabrication and electrochemical testing of the first nanoscale sodium all-solid-state battery (SSB) using ALD to deposit both the V2O5 cathode and NaPON solid electrolyte followed by evaporation of a thin-film Na metal anode. NaPON exhibits remarkable stability against evaporated Na metal, showing no electrolyte breakdown or significant interphase formation in the voltage range of 0.05-6.0 V vs Na/Na+. Electrochemical analysis of the SSB suggests intermixing of the NaPON/V2O5 layers during fabrication, which we investigate in three ways: in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry, time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling, and cross-sectional cryo-scanning transmission electron microscopy (cryo-STEM) coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). We characterize the interfacial reaction during the ALD NaPON deposition on V2O5 to be twofold: (1) reduction of V2O5 to VO2 and (2) Na+ insertion into VO2 to form NaxVO2. Despite the intermixing of NaPON-V2O5, we demonstrate that NaPON-coated V2O5 electrodes display enhanced electrochemical cycling stability in liquid-electrolyte coin cells through the formation of a stable electrolyte interphase. In all-SSBs, the Na metal evaporation process is found to intensify the intermixing reaction, resulting in the irreversible formation of mixed interphases between discrete battery layers. Despite this graded composition, the SSB can operate for over 100 charge-discharge cycles at room temperature and represents the first demonstration of a functional thin-film solid-state sodium-ion battery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Blake Nuwayhid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Alexander C Kozen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Daniel M Long
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES Inc., Beavercreek, Ohio 45432, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Kunal Ahuja
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gary W Rubloff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Keith E Gregorczyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xia Q, Zan F, Zhang Q, Liu W, Li Q, He Y, Hua J, Liu J, Xu J, Wang J, Wu C, Xia H. All-Solid-State Thin Film Lithium/Lithium-Ion Microbatteries for Powering the Internet of Things. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2200538. [PMID: 35962983 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the world steps into the era of Internet of Things (IoT), numerous miniaturized electronic devices requiring autonomous micropower sources will be connected to the internet. All-solid-state thin-film lithium/lithium-ion microbatteries (TFBs) combining solid-state battery architecture and thin-film manufacturing are regarded as ideal on-chip power sources for IoT-enabled microelectronic devices. However, unlike commercialized lithium-ion batteries, TFBs are still in the immature state, and new advances in materials, manufacturing, and structure are required to improve their performance. In this review, the current status and existing challenges of TFBs for practical application in internet-connected devices for the IoT are discussed. Recent progress in thin-film deposition, electrode and electrolyte materials, interface modification, and 3D architecture design is comprehensively summarized and discussed, with emphasis on state-of-the-art strategies to improve the areal capacity and cycling stability of TFBs. Moreover, to be suitable power sources for IoT devices, the design of next-generation TFBs should consider multiple functionalities, including wide working temperature range, good flexibility, high transparency, and integration with energy-harvesting systems. Perspectives on designing practically accessible TFBs are provided, which may guide the future development of reliable power sources for IoT devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Feng Zan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qichanghao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yan He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jingyi Hua
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jinshi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Chuanzhi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Hui Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kang CY, Su YS. Smart Manufacturing Processes of Low-Tortuous Structures for High-Rate Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1534. [PMID: 36144156 PMCID: PMC9500693 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To maximize the performance of energy storage systems more effectively, modern batteries/supercapacitors not only require high energy density but also need to be fully recharged within a short time or capable of high-power discharge for electric vehicles and power applications. Thus, how to improve the rate capability of batteries or supercapacitors is a very important direction of research and engineering. Making low-tortuous structures is an efficient means to boost power density without replacing materials or sacrificing energy density. In recent years, numerous manufacturing methods have been developed to prepare low-tortuous configurations for fast ion transportation, leading to impressive high-rate electrochemical performance. This review paper summarizes several smart manufacturing processes for making well-aligned 3D microstructures for batteries and supercapacitors. These techniques can also be adopted in other advanced fields that require sophisticated structural control to achieve superior properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Kang
- Industry Academia Innovation School, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Su
- Industry Academia Innovation School, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao D, Wang C, Ding Y, Ding M, Cao Y, Chen Z. Will Vanadium-Based Electrode Materials Become the Future Choice for Metal-Ion Batteries? CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200479. [PMID: 35384327 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal-ion batteries have emerged as promising candidates for energy storage system due to their unlimited resources and competitive price/performance ratio. Vanadium-based compounds have diverse oxidation states rendering various open-frameworks for ions storage. To date, some vanadium-based polyanionic compounds have shown great potential as high-performance electrode materials. However, there has been a growing concern regarding the cost and environmental risk of vanadium. In this Review, all links in the industry chain of vanadium-based electrodes were comprehensively summarized, starting with an analysis of the resources, applications, and price fluctuation of vanadium. The manufacturing processes of the vanadium extraction and recovery technologies were discussed. Moreover, the commercial potentials of some typical electrode materials were critically appraised. Finally, the environmental impact and sustainability of the industry chain were evaluated. This critical Review will provide a clear vision of the prospects and challenges of developing vanadium-based electrode materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, Ministry of Education, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, Ministry of Education, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Mingyue Ding
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, Ministry of Education, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients, Ministry of Education, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arvas MB, Gürsu H, Gencten M, Sahin Y. New Approach Synthesis of S, N Co‐Doped Graphenes for High‐Performance Supercapacitors. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melih Besir Arvas
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Arts and Science Yildiz Technical University Istanbul 34220 Turkey
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center Yildiz Technical University Istanbul 34200 Turkey
| | - Hurmus Gürsu
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Arts and Science Yildiz Technical University Istanbul 34220 Turkey
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center Yildiz Technical University Istanbul 34200 Turkey
| | - Metin Gencten
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Yildiz Technical University 34220 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Yucel Sahin
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Arts and Science Yildiz Technical University Istanbul 34220 Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hallot M, Nikitin V, Lebedev OI, Retoux R, Troadec D, De Andrade V, Roussel P, Lethien C. 3D LiMn 2 O 4 Thin Film Deposited by ALD: A Road toward High-Capacity Electrode for 3D Li-Ion Microbatteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107054. [PMID: 35174974 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized electronics suffer from a lack of energy autonomy. In that context, the fabrication of lithium-ion solid-state microbatteries with high performance is mandatory for powering the next generation of portable electronic devices. Here, the fabrication of a thin film positive electrode for 3D Li-ion microbatteries made by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method and in situ lithiation step is demonstrated. The 3D electrodes based on spinel LiMn2 O4 films operate at high working potential (4.1 V vs Li/Li+ ) and are capable of delivering a remarkable surface capacity (≈180 μAh cm-2 ) at low C-rate while maintaining more than 40 μAh cm-2 at C/2 (time constant = 2 h). Both the thickness of the electrode material and the 3D gain of the template are carefully tuned to maximize the electrode performance. Advanced characterization techniques such as transmission electron and X-ray transmission microscopies are proposed as perfect tools to study the conformality of the deposited films and the interfaces between each layer: no interdiffusion or segregation are observed. This work represents a major issue towards the fabrication of 3D-lithiated electrode by ALD-without any prelithiation step by electrochemical technique-making it an attractive solution for the fabrication of 3D Li-ion solid-state microbatteries with semiconductor processing methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Hallot
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologies, Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, Lille, F-59000, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, 33 rue Saint Leu, Amiens Cedex, 80039, France
| | - Viktor Nikitin
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Oleg I Lebedev
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, UMR6508, CNRS-ENSIACEN, Caen, 14050, France
| | - Richard Retoux
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, UMR6508, CNRS-ENSIACEN, Caen, 14050, France
| | - David Troadec
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologies, Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Vincent De Andrade
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Pascal Roussel
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université d'Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Christophe Lethien
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologies, Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, Lille, F-59000, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, 33 rue Saint Leu, Amiens Cedex, 80039, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, Paris Cedex 05, 75231, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nuwayhid RB, Fontecha D, Kozen A, Lee SB, Rubloff GW, Gregorzyck KE. Nanoscale Li, Na, and K Ion-Conducting Polyphosphazenes by Atomic Layer Deposition. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2068-2082. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03736f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solid state batteries (SSBs), and corresponding solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), have been proposed to address both dimensional restrictions and safety concerns associated with liquid electrolyte batteries. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is...
Collapse
|
12
|
Speulmanns J, Kia AM, Bönhardt S, Weinreich W, Adelhelm P. Atomic Layer Deposition of Textured Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 : A High-Power and Long-Cycle Life Anode for Lithium-Ion Thin-Film Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102635. [PMID: 34272924 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The "zero-strain" Li4 Ti5 O12 is an attractive anode material for 3D solid-state thin-film batteries (TFB) to power upcoming autonomous sensor systems. Herein, Li4 Ti5 O12 thin films fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) are electrochemically evaluated for the first time. The developed ALD process with a growth per cycle of 0.6 Å cycle-1 at 300 °C enables high-quality and dense spinel films with superior adhesion after annealing. The short lithium-ion diffusion pathways of the nanostructured 30 nm films result in excellent electrochemical properties. Planar films reveal 98% of the theoretical capacity with 588 mAh cm-3 at 1 C. Substrate-dependent film texture is identified as a key tuning parameter for exceptional C-rate performance. The highly parallel grains of a strong out-of-plane (111)-texture allow capacities of 278 mAh cm-3 at extreme rates of 200 C. Outstanding cycle performance is demonstrated, resulting in 97.9% capacity retention of the initial 366 mAh cm-3 after 1000 cycles at 100 C. Compared to other deposition techniques, the superior performance of ALD Li4 Ti5 O12 is a breakthrough towards scalable high-power 3D TFBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Speulmanns
- Center Nanoelectronic Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems, An der Bartlake 5, 01109, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-University Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alireza M Kia
- Center Nanoelectronic Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems, An der Bartlake 5, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sascha Bönhardt
- Center Nanoelectronic Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems, An der Bartlake 5, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wenke Weinreich
- Center Nanoelectronic Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems, An der Bartlake 5, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Adelhelm
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-University Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lobe S, Bauer A, Uhlenbruck S, Fattakhova‐Rohlfing D. Physical Vapor Deposition in Solid-State Battery Development: From Materials to Devices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2002044. [PMID: 34105301 PMCID: PMC8188201 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the contribution of physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes to the development of electrochemical energy storage systems with emphasis on solid-state batteries. A brief overview of different PVD technologies and details highlighting the utility of PVD for the fabrication and characterization of individual battery materials are provided. In this context, the key methods that have been developed for the fabrication of solid electrolytes and active electrode materials with well-defined properties are described, and demonstrations of how these techniques facilitate the in-depth understanding of fundamental material properties and interfacial phenomena as well as the development of new materials are provided. Beyond the discussion of single components and interfaces, the progress on the device scale is also presented. State-of-the-art solid-state batteries, both academic and commercial types, are assessed in view of energy and power density as well as long-term stability. Finally, recent efforts to improve the power and energy density through the development of 3D-structured cells and the investigation of bulk cells are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lobe
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHInstitute of Energy and Climate Research: Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK‐1)Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeJülich52425Germany
| | - Alexander Bauer
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHInstitute of Energy and Climate Research: Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK‐1)Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeJülich52425Germany
| | - Sven Uhlenbruck
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHInstitute of Energy and Climate Research: Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK‐1)Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeJülich52425Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Münster: Ionics in Energy Storage (IEK‐12)Jülich52425Germany
| | - Dina Fattakhova‐Rohlfing
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHInstitute of Energy and Climate Research: Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK‐1)Wilhelm‐Johnen‐StraßeJülich52425Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Münster: Ionics in Energy Storage (IEK‐12)Jülich52425Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE)Universität Duisburg‐Essen (UDE)Lotharstraße 1Duisburg47057Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Han L, Hsieh CT, Chandra Mallick B, Li J, Ashraf Gandomi Y. Recent progress and future prospects of atomic layer deposition to prepare/modify solid-state electrolytes and interfaces between electrodes for next-generation lithium batteries. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2728-2740. [PMID: 36134177 PMCID: PMC9419373 DOI: 10.1039/d0na01072c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are encouraging electrochemical devices with remarkable properties including a high energy/power density, fast charging capability, and low self-discharge rate. Further increase in energy density as well as safe usage is needed for next-generation LIBs in electric transportation vehicles. Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are very promising for high-performance LIBs since they enable improved safety along with increased energy density compared to flammable liquid organic electrolytes. However, utilizing SSEs with a Li metal anode is very challenging due to the possibility of undesired side reactions and the formation of an unstable solid-electrolyte interphase. Therefore, it is critical to enhance the stability of SSEs against the Li anode. One feasible approach is to form a thin and conductive interlayer between the Li anode and solid-state electrolyte. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a unique technique for conformal coating of complex 3D structures with finely controlled film thickness (at the atomic scale). ALD coating on the surface of SSEs can be adopted for engineering solid-electrolyte interfaces with desired attributes and improved stability. In this review paper, we have discussed recent progress in implementing the ALD technique for depositing thin layers on various SSE configurations including lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON), garnets, oxides, perovskites, sulphides, Li3BO3-Li2CO3 (LBCO), and sodium super ionic conductors (NASICON). We have also highlighted the major areas for future research and development in the field. We believe that this review will be very helpful for directing future research on implementing ALD for synthesizing stable and high-performance SSEs with an engineered solid-electrolyte interface for next-generation electrochemical devices (e.g., Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and flow batteries).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Chemical Sciences Division, Physical Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA
| | - Chien-Te Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University Taoyuan 32003 Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Bikash Chandra Mallick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University Taoyuan 32003 Taiwan
| | - Jianlin Li
- Electrification and Energy Infrastructure Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Yasser Ashraf Gandomi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Koshtyal Y, Mitrofanov I, Nazarov D, Medvedev O, Kim A, Ezhov I, Rumyantsev A, Popovich A, Maximov MY. Atomic Layer Deposition of Ni-Co-O Thin-Film Electrodes for Solid-State LIBs and the Influence of Chemical Composition on Overcapacity. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11040907. [PMID: 33918231 PMCID: PMC8065629 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured metal oxides (MOs) demonstrate good electrochemical properties and are regarded as promising anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The capacity of nickel-cobalt oxides-based materials is among the highest for binary transition metals oxide (TMOs). In the present paper, we report the investigation of Ni-Co-O (NCO) thin films obtained by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using nickel and cobalt metallocenes in a combination with oxygen plasma. The formation of NCO films with different ratios of Ni and Co was provided by ALD cycles leading to the formation of nickel oxide (a) and cobalt oxide (b) in one supercycle (linear combination of a and b cycles). The film thickness was set by the number of supercycles. The synthesized films had a uniform chemical composition over the depth with an admixture of metallic nickel and carbon up to 4 at.%. All samples were characterized by a single NixCo1-xO phase with a cubic face-centered lattice and a uniform density. The surface of the NCO films was uniform, with rare inclusions of nanoparticles 15–30 nm in diameter. The growth rates of all films on steel were higher than those on silicon substrates, and this difference increased with increasing cobalt concentration in the films. In this paper, we propose a method for processing cyclic voltammetry curves for revealing the influence of individual components (nickel oxide, cobalt oxide and solid electrolyte interface—SEI) on the electrochemical capacity. The initial capacity of NCO films was augmented with an increase of nickel oxide content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yury Koshtyal
- Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Y.K.); (I.M.); (D.N.); (O.M.); (A.K.); (I.E.); (A.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Ilya Mitrofanov
- Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Y.K.); (I.M.); (D.N.); (O.M.); (A.K.); (I.E.); (A.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Denis Nazarov
- Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Y.K.); (I.M.); (D.N.); (O.M.); (A.K.); (I.E.); (A.R.); (A.P.)
- Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg Medvedev
- Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Y.K.); (I.M.); (D.N.); (O.M.); (A.K.); (I.E.); (A.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Artem Kim
- Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Y.K.); (I.M.); (D.N.); (O.M.); (A.K.); (I.E.); (A.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Ilya Ezhov
- Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Y.K.); (I.M.); (D.N.); (O.M.); (A.K.); (I.E.); (A.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Aleksander Rumyantsev
- Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Y.K.); (I.M.); (D.N.); (O.M.); (A.K.); (I.E.); (A.R.); (A.P.)
- Ioffe Institute, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anatoly Popovich
- Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Y.K.); (I.M.); (D.N.); (O.M.); (A.K.); (I.E.); (A.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Maxim Yu. Maximov
- Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195221 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (Y.K.); (I.M.); (D.N.); (O.M.); (A.K.); (I.E.); (A.R.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Horowitz Y, Strauss E, Peled E, Golodnitsky D. How to Pack a Punch – Why 3D Batteries are Essential. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Horowitz
- Faculty of Digital Technologies in Medicine Holon Institute of Technology Holon 5810201 Israel
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences Tel Aviv University 6997801 Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Ela Strauss
- Israel Science Foundation A. Einstein Sq.,43 Jabotinsky Street, PO Box 4040 Jerusalem 9104001 Israel
| | - Emanuel Peled
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences Tel Aviv University 6997801 Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Diana Golodnitsky
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences Tel Aviv University 6997801 Tel Aviv Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao Y, Zhang L, Liu J, Adair K, Zhao F, Sun Y, Wu T, Bi X, Amine K, Lu J, Sun X. Atomic/molecular layer deposition for energy storage and conversion. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3889-3956. [PMID: 33523063 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00156b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Energy storage and conversion systems, including batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, and photoelectrochemical water splitting, have played vital roles in the reduction of fossil fuel usage, addressing environmental issues and the development of electric vehicles. The fabrication and surface/interface engineering of electrode materials with refined structures are indispensable for achieving optimal performances for the different energy-related devices. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) techniques, the gas-phase thin film deposition processes with self-limiting and saturated surface reactions, have emerged as powerful techniques for surface and interface engineering in energy-related devices due to their exceptional capability of precise thickness control, excellent uniformity and conformity, tunable composition and relatively low deposition temperature. In the past few decades, ALD and MLD have been intensively studied for energy storage and conversion applications with remarkable progress. In this review, we give a comprehensive summary of the development and achievements of ALD and MLD and their applications for energy storage and conversion, including batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, and photoelectrochemical water splitting. Moreover, the fundamental understanding of the mechanisms involved in different devices will be deeply reviewed. Furthermore, the large-scale potential of ALD and MLD techniques is discussed and predicted. Finally, we will provide insightful perspectives on future directions for new material design by ALD and MLD and untapped opportunities in energy storage and conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sheil R, Perng YC, Mars J, Cho J, Dunn B, Toney MF, Chang JP. Synthesis and Crystallization of Atomic Layer Deposition β-Eucryptite LiAlSiO 4 Thin-Film Solid Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56935-56942. [PMID: 33314924 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to control the stoichiometry of thin lithium aluminosilicate films, thereby enabling crystallization into the ion-conducting β-eucryptite LiAlSiO4 phase. The rapid thermal annealed ALD film developed a well-defined epitaxial relationship to the silicon substrate: β-LiAlSiO4 (12̅10)||Si (100) and β-LiAlSiO4 (101̅0)||Si (001). The extrapolated room temperature ionic conductivity was found to be 1.2 × 10-7 S/cm in the [12̅10] direction. Because of the unique 1-D channel along the c axis of β-LiAlSiO4, the epitaxial thin film has the potential to facilitate ionic transport if oriented with the c axis normal to the electrode surface, making it a promising electrolyte material for three-dimensional lithium-ion microbatteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Sheil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ya-Chuan Perng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Julian Mars
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jea Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bruce Dunn
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michael F Toney
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jane P Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Advanced architecture designs towards high-performance 3D microbatteries. NANO MATERIALS SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoms.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Speulmanns J, Kia AM, Kühnel K, Bönhardt S, Weinreich W. Surface-Dependent Performance of Ultrathin TiN Films as an Electrically Conducting Li Diffusion Barrier for Li-Ion-Based Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39252-39260. [PMID: 32805107 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An in-depth understanding of lithium (Li) diffusion barriers is a crucial factor for enabling Li-ion-based devices such as three-dimensional (3D) thin-film batteries and synaptic redox transistors integrated on silicon substrates. Diffusion of Li ions into silicon can damage the surrounding components, detach the device itself, lead to battery capacity loss, and cause an uncontrolled change of the transistor channel conductance. In this study, we analyze for the first time ultrathin 10 nm titanium nitride (TiN) films as a bifunctional Li-ion diffusion barrier and current collector. Thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) and pulsed chemical vapor deposition (pCVD) are employed for manufacturing ultrathin films. The 10 nm ALD films demonstrate excellent blocking capability with an insertion of only 0.03 Li per TiN formula unit exceeding 200 galvanostatic cycles at 3 μA/cm2 between 0.05 and 3 V versus Li/Li+. An ultralow electrical resistivity of 115 μΩ cm is obtained. In contrast, a partial barrier breakdown is observed for 10 nm pCVD films. High surface quality with low contamination is identified as a key factor for the excellent performance of ALD TiN. Conformal deposition of 10 nm ALD TiN in 3D structures with high aspect ratios of up to 20:1 is demonstrated. The measured capacities of the surface area-enhanced samples are in good agreement with the expected values. High-temperature blocking capability is proven for a typical electrode crystallization step. Ultrathin ALD TiN is an ideal candidate for an electrically conducting Li-ion diffusion barrier for Si-integrated devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Speulmanns
- Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems (IPMS), Center Nanoelectronic Technologies (CNT), Königsbrücker Str. 178, 01099 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alireza M Kia
- Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems (IPMS), Center Nanoelectronic Technologies (CNT), Königsbrücker Str. 178, 01099 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kati Kühnel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems (IPMS), Center Nanoelectronic Technologies (CNT), Königsbrücker Str. 178, 01099 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sascha Bönhardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems (IPMS), Center Nanoelectronic Technologies (CNT), Königsbrücker Str. 178, 01099 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wenke Weinreich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems (IPMS), Center Nanoelectronic Technologies (CNT), Königsbrücker Str. 178, 01099 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tang H, Karnaushenko DD, Neu V, Gabler F, Wang S, Liu L, Li Y, Wang J, Zhu M, Schmidt OG. Stress-Actuated Spiral Microelectrode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Microbatteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002410. [PMID: 32700453 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturization of batteries lags behind the success of modern electronic devices. Neither the device volume nor the energy density of microbatteries meets the requirement of microscale electronic devices. The main limitation for pushing the energy density of microbatteries arises from the low mass loading of active materials. However, merely pushing the mass loading through increased electrode thickness is accompanied by the long charge transfer pathway and inferior mechanical properties for long-term operation. Here, a new spiral microelectrode upon stress-actuation accomplishes high mass loading but short charge transfer pathways. At a small footprint area of around 1 mm2 , a 21-fold increase of the mass loading is achieved while featuring fast charge transfer at the nanoscale. The spiral microelectrode delivers a maximum area capacity of 1053 µAh cm-2 with a retention of 67% over 50 cycles. Moreover, the energy density of the cylinder microbattery using the spiral microelectrode as the anode reaches 12.6 mWh cm-3 at an ultrasmall volume of 3 mm3 . In terms of the device volume and energy density, the cylinder microbattery outperforms most of the current microbattery technologies, and hence provides a new strategy to develop high-performance microbatteries that can be integrated with miniaturized electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Tang
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Dresden, 01069, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, 09107, Germany
- Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, 09126, Germany
| | | | - Volker Neu
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Felix Gabler
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, 09107, Germany
- Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, 09126, Germany
| | - Sitao Wang
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Dresden, 01069, Germany
- Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, 09126, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, 09107, Germany
- Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, 09126, Germany
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Minshen Zhu
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, Dresden, 01069, Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, 09107, Germany
- Center for Materials, Architectures, and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, 09126, Germany
- Nanophysics, Faculty of Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gao L, Li J, Sarmad B, Cheng B, Kang W, Deng N. A 3D polyacrylonitrile nanofiber and flexible polydimethylsiloxane macromolecule combined all-solid-state composite electrolyte for efficient lithium metal batteries. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14279-14289. [PMID: 32609141 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04244g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state polymer electrolytes have received widespread attention due to their superior safety over liquid electrolytes that are prone to leaks. However, poor ionic conductivity and uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth have greatly limited the rapid development of polymer electrolytes. Hence, we report a composite polymer electrolyte combining a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electrospun fiber membrane, flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) macromolecules and a polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymer. The introduction of PDMS with a highly flexible molecular chain, ultra-low glass transition energy and high free volume can help optimize lithium ion migration paths and improve the interface compatibility between the electrolyte and the electrode. In addition, the nano-network structure of the PAN nanofiber membrane can promote the interaction between adjacent polymer molecular chains and improve the mechanical properties of the composite electrolyte to suppress the lithium dendrite growth. The synergistic effect of the PDMS and PAN electrospun nanofiber membranes endows the composite electrolyte with superior ionic conductivity and excellent electrochemical stability towards lithium metal. The interface impedance of the Li/Li symmetric battery with the composite electrolyte after 15 days of continuous standing has no significant change compared with the initial state, and the battery can maintain stable cycling for 1200 h without short circuit under a dynamic current of 0.3 mA cm-2. The obtained composite polymer electrolyte has potential application prospects in the field of high-energy lithium metal batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China. and School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Bushra Sarmad
- School of International Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Bowen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China. and School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Weimin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China.
| | - Nanping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China. and School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nuwayhid RB, Jarry A, Rubloff GW, Gregorczyk KE. Atomic Layer Deposition of Sodium Phosphorus Oxynitride: A Conformal Solid-State Sodium-Ion Conductor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21641-21650. [PMID: 32315520 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel materials that are compatible with nanostructured architectures is required to meet the demands of next-generation energy-storage technologies. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) allows for the precise synthesis of new materials that can conformally coat complex 3D structures. In this work, we demonstrate a thermal ALD process for sodium phosphorus oxynitride (NaPON), a thin-film solid-state electrolyte (SSE), for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). NaPON is analogous to the commonly used lithium phosphorus oxynitride SSE in lithium-ion batteries. The ALD process produces a conformal film with a stoichiometry of Na4PO3N, corresponding to a sodium polyphosphazene structure. The electrochemical properties of NaPON are characterized to evaluate its potential in SIBs. The NaPON film exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 1.0 × 10-7 S/cm at 25 °C and up to 2.5 × 10-6 S/cm at 80 °C, with an activation energy of 0.53 eV. In addition, the ionic conductivity is comparable and even higher than the ionic conductivities of ALD-fabricated Li+ conductors. This promising result makes NaPON a viable SSE or passivation layer in solid-state SIBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Blake Nuwayhid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Angelique Jarry
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gary W Rubloff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Institute for Systems Research and the Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, Collage Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Keith E Gregorczyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Atomic Layer Deposition of Lithium–Nickel–Silicon Oxide Cathode Material for Thin-Film Lithium-Ion Batteries. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13092345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lithium nickelate (LiNiO2) and materials based on it are attractive positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, owing to their large capacity. In this paper, the results of atomic layer deposition (ALD) of lithium–nickel–silicon oxide thin films using lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) and bis(cyclopentadienyl) nickel (II) (NiCp2) as precursors and remote oxygen plasma as a counter-reagent are reported. Two approaches were studied: ALD using supercycles and ALD of the multilayered structure of lithium oxide, lithium nickel oxide, and nickel oxides followed by annealing. The prepared films were studied by scanning electron microscopy, spectral ellipsometry, X-ray diffraction, X-ray reflectivity, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and selected-area electron diffraction. The pulse ratio of LiHMDS/Ni(Cp)2 precursors in one supercycle ranged from 1/1 to 1/10. Silicon was observed in the deposited films, and after annealing, crystalline Li2SiO3 and Li2Si2O5 were formed at 800 °C. Annealing of the multilayered sample caused the partial formation of LiNiO2. The obtained cathode materials possessed electrochemical activity comparable with the results for other thin-film cathodes.
Collapse
|
25
|
Jiang Z, Wang S, Chen X, Yang W, Yao X, Hu X, Han Q, Wang H. Tape-Casting Li 0.34 La 0.56 TiO 3 Ceramic Electrolyte Films Permit High Energy Density of Lithium-Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906221. [PMID: 31782569 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ceramic oxide electrolytes are outstanding due to their excellent thermostability, wide electrochemical stable windows, superior Li-ion conductivity, and high elastic modulus compared to other electrolytes. To achieve high energy density, all-solid-state batteries require thin solid-state electrolytes that are dozens of micrometers thick due to the high density of ceramic electrolytes. Perovskite-type Li0.34 La0.56 TiO3 (LLTO) freestanding ceramic electrolyte film with a thickness of 25 µm is prepared by tape-casting. Compared to a thick electrolyte (>200 µm) obtained by cold-pressing, the total Li ionic conductivity of this LLTO film improves from 9.6 × 10-6 to 2.0 × 10-5 S cm-1 . In addition, the LLTO film with a thickness of 25 µm exhibits a flexural strength of 264 MPa. An all-solid-state Li-metal battery assembled with a 41 µm thick LLTO exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 145 mAh g-1 and a high capacity retention ratio of 86.2% after 50 cycles. Reducing the thickness of oxide ceramic electrolytes is crucial to reduce the resistance of electrolytes and improve the energy density of Li-metal batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Suqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xinzhi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiang Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xinchao Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qingyue Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Haihui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lee SH, Johnston C, Grant PS. Scalable, Large-Area Printing of Pore-Array Electrodes for Ultrahigh Power Electrochemical Energy Storage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:37859-37866. [PMID: 31553158 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Through-electrode thickness honeycomb architectures were layer-by-layer self-assembled directly through a scalable printing process for ultrapower hybrid lithium-ion capacitor applications. Initially, the electrochemical performance of the pore-array electrodes was investigated as a function of the active material type (graphene plates, carbon nanofibers, and activated carbon). Inactive components (conductive carbon and polymer binder) were then minimized to 5 wt %. Finally, an optimized activated carbon-based cathode was paired with a spray-printed Li4Ti5O12-based anode and a range of anode-to-cathode mass ratios in a lithium-ion capacitor arrangement were investigated. A 1:5 anode/cathode mass ratio provided an attractive energy density comparable with a Li4Ti5O12/LiFePO4 lithium-ion battery but with outstanding power capability that was an order of magnitude greater than typical for lithium-ion batteries. The pore-array electrode was reproduced over areas of 20 cm × 15 cm in a double-sided coated configuration, and the option for selectively patterning electrodes was also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ho Lee
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , U.K
| | - Colin Johnston
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , U.K
| | - Patrick S Grant
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH , U.K
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jiang Z, Han Q, Wang S, Wang H. Reducing the Interfacial Resistance in All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries Based on Oxide Ceramic Electrolytes. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Qingyue Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Suqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Haihui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lee SH, Li K, Huang C, Evans JD, Grant PS. Spray-Printed and Self-Assembled Honeycomb Electrodes of Silicon-Decorated Carbon Nanofibers for Li-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:603-612. [PMID: 30521307 PMCID: PMC6492953 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Directional, micron-scale honeycomb pores in Li-ion battery electrodes were fabricated using a layer-by-layer, self-assembly approach based on spray-printing of carbon nanofibers. By controlling the drying behavior of each printed electrode layer through optimization of (i) the volume ratio of fugitive bisolvent carriers in the suspension and (ii) the substrate temperature during printing, self-assembled, honeycomb pore channels through the electrode were created spontaneously and reliably on current collector areas larger than 20 cm × 15 cm. The honeycomb pore structure promoted efficient Li-ion dynamics at high charge/discharge current densities. Incorporating an optimum fraction (2.5 wt %) of high-energy-density Si particulate into the honeycomb electrodes provided a 4-fold increase in deliverable discharge capacity at 8000 mA/g. The spray-printed, honeycomb pore electrodes were then investigated as negative electrodes coupled with similar spray-printed LiFePO4 positive electrodes in a full Li-ion cell configuration, providing an approximately 50% improvement in rate capacity retention over half-cell configurations of identical electrodes at 4000 mA/g.
Collapse
|