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Baweja S, Kalal B, Kumar Mitra P, Maity S. Competing Excited-State Hydrogen and Proton-Transfer Processes in 6-Azaindole-S 3,4 and 2,6-Diazaindole-S 3,4 Clusters (S=H 2 O, NH 3 ). Chemphyschem 2023:e202300270. [PMID: 37671972 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Excited state hydrogen (ESHT) and proton (ESPT) transfer reaction pathways in the three and four solvent clusters of 6-azaindole (6AI-S3,4 ) and 2,6-diazaindole (26DAI-S3,4 )(S=H2 O, NH3 ) were computationally investigated to understand the fate of photo-excited biomolecules. The ESHT energy barriers in (H2 O)3 complexes (39.6-41.3 kJmol-1 ) were decreased in (H2 O)4 complexes (23.1-20.2 kJmol-1 ). Lengthening the solvent chain lowered the barrier because of the relaxed transition states geometries with reduced angular strains. Replacing the water molecule with ammonia drastically decreased the energy barriers to 21.4-21.3 kJmol-1 in (NH3 )3 complexes and 8.1-9.5 kJ mol-1 in (NH3 )4 complexes. The transition states were identified as Ha atom attached to the first solvent molecule. The formation of stronger hydrogen bonds in (NH3 )3,4 complexes resulted in facile ESHT reaction than that in the (H2 O)3,4 complexes. The ESPT energy barriers in 6AI-S3,4 and 26DAI-S3,4 were found to range between 40-73 kJmol-1 . The above values were significantly higher than that of the ESHT processes and hence are considered as a minor channel in the process. The effect of N(2) insertion was explored for the very first time in the isolated solvent clusters using local vibrational mode analysis. In DAI-S4 , the higher Ka (Ha ⋯Sa ) values depicted the increased photoacidity of the N(1)-Ha group which may facilitate the hydrogen transfer reaction. However, the increased N(6)⋯Hb bond length elevated the reaction barriers. Therefore, in the ESHT reaction channel, the co-existence of two competing factors led to a marginal/no change in the overall energy barriers due to the N(2) insertion. In the ESPT reaction pathway, the energy barriers showed notable increase upon N(2) insertion because of the increased N(6)⋯Hb bond length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Baweja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284, India
| | - Bhavika Kalal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284, India
| | - Prajoy Kumar Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284, India
| | - Surajit Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502284, India
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2
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Kim KH, Yan H, Yun SH. Aggregation-Induced Stimulated Emission of 100% Dye Microspheres. ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2023; 11:2202956. [PMID: 38107448 PMCID: PMC10723759 DOI: 10.1002/adom.202202956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Dyes with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties have gained interests due to their bright luminescence in solid-state aggregates. While fluorescence from AIE dyes have been widely exploited, relatively little is known about aggregation-induced stimulated emission. Here, we investigated stimulated emission of tetraphenylethene (TPE)-based organoboron AIE dyes, TPEQBN, in thin films and in microcavity lasers. Using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy, gain coefficients up to 230 cm-1 at 500 nm were measured. Using rate equations, we analyzed concentration- and pump-dependent gain dynamics as well as laser build up dynamics. During laser oscillation, radiative stimulated emission allows high instantaneous quantum yield greater than 90% to be achieved. We fabricated solid-state microspheres made of 100% AIE dyes via microfluidic emulsion and solvent evaporation method. Coupled with high gain and high refractive index of 1.76, microspheres as small as 2 μm in diameter showed lasing by nanosecond pumping with a threshold of ~10 pJ μm-2. Polymer coated, but not bare, microspheres were internalized by live cells and generated narrowband cavity mode emission from within the cytoplasm. Our work shows the potential of AIE dyes as laser materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon-Hyeon Kim
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hao Yan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Seok-Hyun Yun
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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3
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Zhou D, Zhao N, Chen Y, Sun J, Li Y, Peng Z, Liu Y. Laser emission from tapered fiber-based liquid-crystal microsphere for sensing. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3773-3776. [PMID: 37450747 DOI: 10.1364/ol.492930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This Letter introduces a novel laser emission probe for liquid-crystal microspheres based on a tapered fiber. A cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) is injected into a hollow glass microsphere (HGM) attached at the front end of a tapered fiber in order to produce laser. Tapered fibers are preferable to rectangular fibers for liquid-crystal microsphere laser emission. The whispering gallery mode (WGM) laser is significantly suppressed by the tapered fiber-based liquid-crystal microsphere, which also displays an apparent single-mode photonic bandgap (PBG) laser peak. The stimulation response of tapered fiber-based liquid-crystal microspheres to organic vapors causes a modification of the laser peak wavelength with increasing gas concentration. In addition, laser emission generated by tapered fiber-based liquid-crystal microspheres is expected to be used in fields such as microenvironmental biosensing.
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Shan H, Dai H, Chen X. Monitoring Various Bioactivities at the Molecular, Cellular, Tissue, and Organism Levels via Biological Lasers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:3149. [PMID: 35590841 PMCID: PMC9102053 DOI: 10.3390/s22093149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The laser is considered one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century. Biolasers employ high signal-to-noise ratio lasing emission rather than regular fluorescence as the sensing signal, directional out-coupling of lasing and excellent biocompatibility. Meanwhile, biolasers can also be micro-sized or smaller lasers with embedded/integrated biological materials. This article presents the progress in biolasers, focusing on the work done over the past years, including the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organism levels. Furthermore, biolasers have been utilized and explored for broad applications in biosensing, labeling, tracking, bioimaging, and biomedical development due to a number of unique advantages. Finally, we provide the possible directions of biolasers and their applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.S.); (H.D.)
| | - Hailang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.S.); (H.D.)
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.S.); (H.D.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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Jin L, Chen X, Wu Y, Ai X, Yang X, Xiao S, Song Q. Dual-wavelength switchable single-mode lasing from a lanthanide-doped resonator. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1727. [PMID: 35365646 PMCID: PMC8975839 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of multi-wavelength lasing, particularly with the wavelength tuning in a wide spectral range, is challenging but highly desirable for integrated photonic devices due to its dynamic switching functionality, high spectral purity and contrast. Here, we propose a general strategy, that relies on the simultaneous design on the electronic states and the optical states, to demonstrate dynamically switchable single-mode lasing spanning beyond the record range (300 nm). This is achieved through integrating the reversely designed nanocrystals with two size-mismatched coupled microcavities. We show an experimental validation of a crosstalk-free violet-to-red single-mode behavior through collective control of asymmetric excitation and excitation wavelength. The single-mode action persists for a wide power range, and presents significant enhancement when compared with that in the microdisk laser. These findings enlighten the reverse design of luminescent materials. Given the remarkable doping flexibility, our results may create new opportunities in a variety of frontier applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Jin
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Xian Chen
- College of Materials Science of Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Yunkai Wu
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhe Ai
- College of Materials Science of Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shumin Xiao
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China. .,Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Qinghai Song
- Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, P. R. China. .,Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
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Baweja S, Chowdhury PR, Maity S. Excited state hydrogen atom transfer pathways in 2,7-diazaindole - S 1-3 (S = H 2O and NH 3) clusters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120386. [PMID: 34560582 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The photoinduced tautomerization reactions via hydrogen atom transfer in the excited electronic state (ESHT) have been computationally investigated in 2,7-diazaindole (27DAI) - (H2O)1-3 and 27DAI - (NH3)1-3 isolated clusters to understand the role of various solvent wires. Two competing ESHT reaction pathways originating from the N(1)-H group to the neighbouring N(7) (R(1H-Sn-7H)) and N(2) (R(1H-Sn-2H)) atoms were rigorously examined for each system. Both one- and two-dimensional potential energy surfaces have been calculated in the excited state to investigate the pathways. The R(1H-Sn-7H) was found to be the dominant route with reaction barriers ranging from 26-40 kJmol-1 for water clusters, and 14-26 kJmol-1 for ammonia clusters. The barrier heights for ammonia clusters were found to be nearly half of the that observed for the water systems. The lengthening of the solvent chain up to two molecules resulted in a drastic decrease in the barrier heights for R(1H-Sn-7H). The barriers of the competing reaction channel R(1H-Sn-2H) were found to be significantly higher (31-127 kJmol-1) but were observed to be decreasing with the lengthening of the solvent wire as in the R(1H-Sn-7H) pathway. In both the reactions, the angle strain present in the transition state structures was dependent upon the solvent chain's length and was most likely the governing factor for the barrier heights in each solvent cluster. The results have also affirmed that the ammonia molecule is a better candidate for hydrogen transfer than water because of its higher gas-phase basicity. The results delineated from this investigation can pave the way to unravel the excited-state hydrogen atom transfer pathways in novel N-H bearing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Baweja
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | | | - Surajit Maity
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India.
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Kim KH, Dannenberg PH, Yan H, Cho S, Yun SH. Compact Quantum-Dot Microbeads with Sub-Nanometer Emission Linewidth. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2103413. [PMID: 35418816 PMCID: PMC9000203 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202103413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent microbeads are widely used for applications in life sciences and medical diagnosis. The spectral contrast and sharpness of photoluminescence are critical in the utilities of microbeads for imaging and multiplexing. Here, we demonstrate microbeads capable of generating single-peak laser emission with a sub-nanometer linewidth. The microbeads are made of quantum dots that are tightly packed and crosslinked via ligand exchange for high optical gain and refractive index as well as material stability. Bright single-mode lasing with no photobleaching is achieved with particle diameters as small as 1.5 μm in the air. Sub-nm lasing emission is maintained even inside high-index surroundings, such as organic solvents and biological tissues. Feasibility of intracellular tagging and multi-color imaging in vivo is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon-Hyeon Kim
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paul H Dannenberg
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Hao Yan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sangyeon Cho
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Seok-Hyun Yun
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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8
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Keitel RC, Aellen M, Feber BL, Rossinelli AA, Meyer SA, Cui J, Norris DJ. Active Mode Switching in Plasmonic Microlasers by Spatial Control of Optical Gain. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8952-8959. [PMID: 34723554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of miniaturized optical sources for on-chip applications has led to the development of surface plasmon polariton lasers (plasmonic lasers). While applications in spectroscopy and information technology would greatly benefit from the facile and active tuning of the output wavelength from such devices, this topic remains underexplored. Here, we demonstrate optically controlled switching between predefined wavelengths within a plasmonic microlaser. After fabricating Fabry-Pérot plasmonic cavities that consist of two curved block reflectors on an ultrasmooth flat Ag surface, we deposit a thin film of CdSe/CdxZn1-xS/ZnS colloidal core/shell/shell nanoplatelets (NPLs) as the gain medium. Our cavity geometry allows the spatial and energetic separation of transverse modes. By spatially modulating the gain profile within this device, we demonstrate active selection and switching between four transverse modes within a single plasmonic laser. The fast buildup and decay of the plasmonic modes promises picosecond switching times, given sufficiently rapid changes in the structured illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Keitel
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Aellen
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Boris le Feber
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aurelio A Rossinelli
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan A Meyer
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jian Cui
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David J Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Singh R, Chen DG, Wang CH, Lan YC, Liu YH, Chou PT, Chen CT. Tailoring C-6-Substituted Coumarin Scaffolds for Novel Photophysical Properties and Stimuli-Responsive Chromism. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11557-11565. [PMID: 34633826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A judicious strategy was utilized to envision the substantial regio-positional effects of substituents on the photophysical properties of the 2H-chromen-2-one-3-benzothiazole scaffold-based push-pull framework, named 6-X-CUMs. Among them, 6-NEt2-CUM reveals prominent excited-state intramolecular charge transfer with a large change of dipole moment (Δμ ∼ 18.23 D), hence displaying remarkable emission solvatochromism from the green (536 nm in cyclohexane) to far-red region (714 nm in dimethyl sulfoxide) and a high-temperature sensitivity (-0.23 nm °C-1). These, together with unique basicity and acido-/vaporchromism upon acidification elucidated by NMR and photospectroscopic studies, show stark contrast to the conventional 7-NEt2-CUM. The new series of these tailored 6-X-CUMs represents a new dimension in tailoring the photophysical properties for the development of a promising class of multistimuli-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Deng-Gao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Hsiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Cheng Lan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Tsen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, ROC
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10
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Zhang S, Liang N, Shi X, Zhao W, Zhai T. Direction-Adjustable Single-Mode Lasing via Self-Assembly 3D-Curved Microcavities for Gas Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45916-45923. [PMID: 34541849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drop-based microcavity lasers emerged as a promising tool in modern physics investigation and chemical detection owing to their cost-effective fabrication, high luminescence, and sensitive molecule sensing. However, it is of great challenge to achieve highly directional emission along with high quality (Q) factors via traditional droplet self-assembly behavior of the gain medium on a planar substrate. In this work, a single-mode microcavity laser with directional far-field emission is first proposed via droplet self-assembly 3D-curved microcavities, and simultaneously, acetic acid (AcOH) gas sensing is realized. Trichromatic single-mode lasing in 3D-curved microcavities with distinct organic polymer droplets is constructed on silica fibers via a self-assembly procedure. By regulating the curvature of the substrate, mode selection and directional emission of the lasing action are realized. The measured Q-factor of the proposed anisotropic 3D-curved active microcavity is ∼20k. Furthermore, on account of the sensitive responsiveness of liquid organic polymers, single-mode laser sensors can be realized by measuring the shift of their lasing modes on exposure to organic vapor. Benefiting from chemical reaction with rhodamine 6G, the AcOH gas sensor displays a short response time. These results may open new insights into drop-based quasi-3D-anisotropic whispering-gallery-mode microcavities to improve the development of lab-in-a-droplet, ranging from a tuneable microcavity laser to a chemical gas sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ningning Liang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wenkang Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tianrui Zhai
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Stable organic self-assembled microwire lasers for chemical vapor sensing. Commun Chem 2021; 4:97. [PMID: 36697588 PMCID: PMC9814925 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic microlasers hold great potentials in fabricating on-chip sensors for integrated photonic circuits due to their chemical versatility and reactivity. However, chemical vapor detection is still challenging for organic microlaser sensors, as it requires not only optical gain and self-assembly capability, but also rapid response to stimuli and long-term stability under high excitation power. In this work, a new laser dye 4,7-bis(9-octyl-7-(4-(octyloxy)phenyl)-9H-carbazol-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BPCBT) is designed and synthesized, which self-assembles into microwires showing strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) photoluminescence with >80% quantum efficiency. It enables the lasing from BPCBT microwires under a low threshold of 16 μJ·mm-2·pulse-1 with significantly improved stability over conventional organic microlasers. The stimulated emission amplifies the fluorescence change in the BPCBT microwires under chemical vapors including various acid, acetone, and ethanol vapors, indicating high sensitivity and high selectivity of organic microlaser sensors desirable for compact sensor arrays in integrated photonics.
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12
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Yuan Z, Tan X, Gong X, Gong C, Cheng X, Feng S, Fan X, Chen YC. Bioresponsive microlasers with tunable lasing wavelength. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1608-1615. [PMID: 33439198 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lasing particles are emerging tools for amplifying light-matter interactions at the biointerface by exploiting its strong intensity and miniaturized size. Recent advances in implementing laser particles into living cells and tissues have opened a new frontier in biological imaging, monitoring, and tracking. Despite remarkable progress in micro- and nanolasers, lasing particles with surface functionality remain challenging due to the low mode-volume while maintaining a high Q-factor. Herein, we report the novel concept of bioresponsive microlasers by exploiting interfacial energy transfer based on whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microdroplet cavities. Lasing wavelengths were manipulated by energy transfer-induced changes of a gain spectrum resulting from the binding molecular concentrations at the cavity surface. Both protein-based and enzymatic-based interactions were demonstrated, shedding light on the development of functional microlasers. Finally, tunable lasing wavelengths over a broad spectral range were achieved by selecting different donor/acceptor pairs. This study not only opens new avenues for biodetection, but also provides deep insights into how molecules modulate laser light at the biointerface, laying the foundation for the development of smart bio-photonic devices at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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Abstract
Advances in switchable microlasers have emerged as a building block with immense potential in controlling light-matter interactions and integrated photonics. Compared to artificially designed interfaces, a stimuli-responsive biointerface enables a higher level of functionalities and versatile ways of tailoring optical responses at the nanoscale. However, switching laser emission with biological recognition has yet to be addressed, particularly with reversibility and wavelength tunability over a broad spectral range. Here we demonstrate a self-switchable laser exploiting the biointerface between label-free DNA molecules and dye-doped liquid crystal matrix in a Fabry-Perot microcavity. Laser emission switching among different wavelengths was achieved by utilizing DNA conformation changes as the switching power, which alters the orientation of the liquid crystals. Our findings demonstrate that different concentrations of single-stranded DNA lead to different temporal switching of lasing wavelengths and intensities. The lasing wavelength could be reverted upon binding with the complementary sequence through DNA hybridization process. Both experimental and theoretical studies revealed that absorption strength is the key mechanism accounting for the laser shifting behavior. This study represents a milestone in achieving a biologically controlled laser, shedding light on the development of programmable photonic devices at the sub-nanoscale by exploiting the complexity and self-recognition of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xuerui Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
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Fang B, Lai L, Chu M, Shi Y, Yin M. A Multifunctional Triphenylamine–Benzothiazole Derivative with Blue‐Shifted Mechanochromism, Acidochromism and Amplified Spontaneous Emission. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Liming Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Manman Chu
- M. Chu Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Meizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
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15
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Gao Z, Wang K, Yan Y, Yao J, Zhao YS. Smart responsive organic microlasers with multiple emission states for high-security optical encryption. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa162. [PMID: 34691572 PMCID: PMC8288339 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern high-security cryptography and optical communication call for covert bit sequences with high coding capacity and efficient authentication. Stimuli-responsive lasing emissions with easily distinguishable readout are promising in the coding field as a novel cryptographic primitive, while the application is frequently restricted by the limited number of emission states. Here, we report a strategy of achieving multiple competitive lasing signals in responsive organic microspheres where a donor–acceptor pair was introduced. The competitive lasing from the donor and acceptor was reversibly switched by modulating the competition between the radiative rate of the donor and the rate of energy transfer, and the generated multiple lasing signals enabled a quaternary coding for recognizable cryptographic implementation. Data encryption and extraction were demonstrated using a 4 × 4 microlaser array, showing vast prospects in avoiding the disclosure of security information. The results offer a comprehensive understanding of excited-state dynamics in organic composite materials, which may play a major role in high-security optical recording and information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongli Yan
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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16
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Shi X, Ge K, Tong JH, Zhai T. Low-cost biosensors based on a plasmonic random laser on fiber facet. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:12233-12242. [PMID: 32403721 DOI: 10.1364/oe.392661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost and miniaturized biosensors are key factors leading to the possibility of portable and integrated biomedical system, which play an important role in clinical medicine and life sciences. Random lasers with simple structures provide opportunities for detecting biomolecules. Here, low-cost biosensors on fiber facet for label-free detecting biomolecules are demonstrated based on a plasmonic random laser. The random laser is achieved resorting to a self-assembled plasmonic scattering structure of Ag nanoparticles and polymer film on fiber facet. Refractive index sensitivity and near-surface sensitivity of the biosensor are systematically studied. Furthermore, the biosensor is used to detect IgG through specific binding to protein A, exhibiting the detecting limit of 0.68 nM. It is believed that this work may promote the applications of a plasmonic random laser bio-probe in portable or integrated medical diagnostic platforms, and provide fundamental understanding for the life science.
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17
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Xu B, Gao Z, Wei Y, Liu Y, Sun X, Zhang W, Wang X, Wang Z, Meng X. Dynamically wavelength-tunable random lasers based on metal-organic framework particles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:4833-4838. [PMID: 32065185 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09644b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a strategy to construct dynamically tunable random lasers by continuously adjusting the excited state of gain molecules spatially confined in the nanoporous channels of metal-organic framework particles. Wavelength-tunable random lasers are achieved by thermally manipulating the intramolecular charge transfer process of gain molecules. The wavelength-tunable response to thermal stimuli exhibits excellent reversible behavior. We envisage that such random lasers based on metal-organic frameworks will raise new fundamental issues regarding light-matter interactions in complex photonic media and open up a new avenue toward highly efficient light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyuan Xu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 3501 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 3501 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yanhui Wei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 3501 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xun Sun
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 3501 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 3501 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 3501 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Zifei Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 3501 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xiangeng Meng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 3501 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, China.
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18
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Abstract
This review summarizes recent advances in micro/nanoscale photonic barcodes based on organic materials from the aspects of diverse optical encoding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Jinan 250353
- China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Yongli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
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19
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Lv Y, Xiong Z, Yao Z, Yang Y, Xiang S, Zhang Z, Zhao YS. Steric-Hindrance-Controlled Laser Switch Based on Pure Metal–Organic Framework Microcrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19959-19963. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Lv
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Zhile Xiong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Zizhu Yao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yisi Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Shengchang Xiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Zhangjing Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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20
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Fang B, Chu M, Tan L, Li P, Hou Y, Shi Y, Zhao YS, Yin M. Near-Infrared Microlasers from Self-Assembled Spiropyrane-Based Microsphercial Caps. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:38226-38231. [PMID: 31529963 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) microlasers play a significant role in telecommunication and biomedical tissue imaging. However, it remains a big challenge to realize NIR microlasers because of the difficulty in preparing highly efficient NIR luminescent materials and perfect optical resonators. Here, we propose a molecular design strategy to creatively realize the first spiropyrane (SP)-based NIR microlasers with low threshold from self-assembled microsphercial caps. The tetraphenylethylene (TPE) moiety with a highly twisted conformation provides a large free volume to facilitate the photoisomerization process of SP and enhance NIR emission of merocyanine in the solid state. Moreover, self-assembled TPE-SP microsphercial caps simultaneously serve as gain media and resonant microcavities, providing optical gain and feedback for NIR laser oscillations with a low threshold (3.68 μJ/cm2). These results are beneficial for deeply understanding the SP microstructures-lasing emission characteristic relationship and provide a useful guideline for the rational molecular design of NIR microlasers with special functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Ministry of Education , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100290 , China
| | - Manman Chu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Lina Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Ministry of Education , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100290 , China
| | - Pengyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Ministry of Education , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100290 , China
| | - Yue Hou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Ministry of Education , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100290 , China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Meizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Ministry of Education , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100290 , China
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21
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Ngara ZS, Yamamoto Y. Modulation of Whispering Gallery Modes from Fluorescent Copolymer Microsphere Resonators by Protonation/Deprotonation. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zakarias S. Ngara
- Department of Materials Science and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Nusa Cendana University, Adisucipto street, Penfui Kupang, NTT 85001, Indonesia
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Science and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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22
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Zhuo MP, Fei XY, Tao YC, Fan J, Wang XD, Xie WF, Liao LS. In Situ Construction of One-Dimensional Component-Interchange Organic Core/Shell Microrods for Multicolor Continuous-Variable Optical Waveguide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:5298-5305. [PMID: 30640427 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The core/shell micro-/nanostructures with versatility, tunability, stability, dispersibility, and biocompatibility are widely applied in optics, biomedicine, catalysis, and energy. Organic micro-/nanocrystals have significant applications in miniaturized optoelectronics because of their controllable self-assembly behavior, tunable optical properties, and tailor-made molecular structure. Nevertheless, the advanced organic core/shell micro-/nanostructures, which possess multifunctionality, flexibility, and higher compatibility, are rarely demonstrated because of the dynamic nature of molecular self-assembly and the complex epitaxial relationship of material combination. Herein, we demonstrate the one-dimensional organic core/shell micro-/nanostructures with component interchange, which originates from the 4,4'-((1 E,1' E)-(2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene)bis(ethene-2,1-diyl))dipyridine (DPEpe) single-crystal microrods or the DPEpe-HCl single-crystal microrods after a reversible protonation or deprotonation process. Notably, the DPEpe/DPEpe-HCl core/shell microrods display vivid visualizations of tunable emission color via an efficient energy-transfer process during the stepwise formation of a shell layer. More significantly, these DPEpe/DPEpe-HCl and DPEpe-HCl/DPEpe core/shell microrods cooperatively demonstrate the multicolor optical waveguide properties continuously adjusted from green [CIE (0.326, 0.570)], to yellow [CIE (0.516, 0.465)], and to red [CIE (0.614, 0.374)]. Our investigation provides a new strategy to fabricate the organic core/shell micro-/nanostructures, which can eventually contribute to the advanced organic optoelectronics at the micro-/nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Peng Zhuo
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Xi-Yu Fei
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yi-Chen Tao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Jian Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
- Institute of Organic Optoelectronics , Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI) , Wujiang, Suzhou , Jiangsu 215211 , P. R. China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Wan-Feng Xie
- School of Electronics & Information Engineering , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
- Institute of Organic Optoelectronics , Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute (JITRI) , Wujiang, Suzhou , Jiangsu 215211 , P. R. China
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23
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Chen W, Tian Z, Li Y, Jiang Y, Liu M, Duan P. Long-Persistent Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence from Chiral Organic Ionic Crystals. Chemistry 2018; 24:17444-17448. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 2 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiJie Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Division of Nanophotonics; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST); No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Zimin Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xi'an University of Science and Technology; No. 58, Yanta Road 710054 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Yuangang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xi'an University of Science and Technology; No. 58, Yanta Road 710054 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Division of Nanophotonics; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST); No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 2 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiJie Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Division of Nanophotonics; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST); No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Duan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Division of Nanophotonics; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST); No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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