1
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Hou Z, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Zhang C, Zhou G, Gao X, Zhao G, Zhang X, Wang W, Liu J. Current-Induced Reversible Split of Elliptically Distorted Skyrmions in Geometrically Confined Fe 3 Sn 2 Nanotrack. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206106. [PMID: 36683184 PMCID: PMC10037979 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Skyrmions are swirling spin textures with topological characters promising for future spintronic applications. Skyrmionic devices typically rely on the electrical manipulation of skyrmions with a circular shape. However, manipulating elliptically distorted skyrmions can lead to numerous exotic magneto-electrical functions distinct from those of conventional circular skyrmions, significantly broadening the capability to design innovative spintronic devices. Despite the promising potential, its experimental realization so far remains elusive. In this study, the current-driven dynamics of the elliptically distorted skyrmions in geometrically confined magnet Fe3 Sn2 is experimentally explored. This study finds that the elliptical skyrmions can reversibly split into smaller-sized circular skyrmions at a current density of 3.8 × 1010 A m-2 with the current injected along their minor axis. Combined experiments with micromagnetic simulations reveal that this dynamic behavior originates from a delicate interplay of the spin-transfer torque, geometrical confinement, and pinning effect, and strongly depends on the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the elliptical skyrmions. The results indicate that the morphology is a new degree of freedom for manipulating the current-driven dynamics of skyrmions, providing a compelling route for the future development of spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute for Advanced MaterialsSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Qingping Wang
- College of Electronic information and automationAba Teachers UniversityPixian StreetChengdu623002China
- College of Physics and Electronic EngineeringSichuan Normal UniversityChengdu610068China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Core Technology PlatformsNew York University Abu DhabiP.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Senfu Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Chenhui Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute for Advanced MaterialsSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Xingsen Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute for Advanced MaterialsSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- College of Physics and Electronic EngineeringSichuan Normal UniversityChengdu610068China
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenhong Wang
- School of Electronic and Information EngineeringTiangong UniversityTianjin300387China
| | - Junming Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute for Advanced MaterialsSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing211102China
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2
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Du Q, Hu Z, Han MG, Camino F, Zhu Y, Petrovic C. Topological Hall Effect Anisotropy in Kagome Bilayer Metal Fe_{3}Sn_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:236601. [PMID: 36563198 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.236601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Kagome lattice materials have attracted growing interest for their topological properties and flatbands in electronic structure. We present a comprehensive study on the anisotropy and out-of-plane electric transport in Fe_{3}Sn_{2}, a metal with bilayer of Fe kagome planes and with massive Dirac fermions that features high-temperature noncollinear magnetic structure and magnetic skyrmions. For the electrical current path along the c axis, in micron-size crystals, we found a large topological Hall effect over a wide temperature range down to spin-glass state. Twofold and fourfold angular magnetoresistance are observed for different magnetic phases, reflecting the competition of magnetic interactions and magnetic anisotropy in kagome lattice that preserve robust topological Hall effect for inter-kagome bilayer currents. This provides new insight into the anisotropy in Fe_{3}Sn_{2}, of interest in skyrmionic-bubble application-related micron-size devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianheng Du
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11790, USA
| | - Zhixiang Hu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11790, USA
| | - Myung-Geun Han
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Fernando Camino
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Petrovic
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11790, USA
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3
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Lv X, Pei K, Yang C, Qin G, Liu M, Zhang J, Che R. Controllable Topological Magnetic Transformations in the Thickness-Tunable van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe 5GeTe 2. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19319-19327. [PMID: 36349969 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent observations of topological meron textures in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials have attracted considerable research interest for both fundamental physics and spintronic applications. However, manipulating the meron textures and realizing the topological transformations, which allow for exploring emergent electromagnetic behaviors, remain largely unexplored in 2D magnets. In this work, utilizing real-space imaging and micromagnetic simulations, we reveal temperature- and thickness-dependent topological magnetic transformations among domain walls, meron textures, and stripe domain in Fe5GeTe2 (FGT) lamellae. The key mechanism of the magnetic transformations can be attributed to the temperature-induced change of exchange stiffness constant within layers and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, while the magnetic dipole interaction as governed by sample thickness is crucial to affect the critical transformation temperature and stripe period. Our findings provide reliable insights into the origin and manipulation of topological spin textures in 2D vdW ferromagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Lv
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Pei
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Chendi Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Qin
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jincang Zhang
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou311100, People's Republic of China
| | - Renchao Che
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou311100, People's Republic of China
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4
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Lyalin I, Cheng S, Kawakami RK. Spin-Orbit Torque in Bilayers of Kagome Ferromagnet Fe 3Sn 2 and Pt. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6975-6982. [PMID: 34380320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spin-orbit torque phenomena enable efficient manipulation of the magnetization in ferromagnet/heavy metal bilayer systems for prospective magnetic memory and logic applications. Kagome magnets are of particular interest for spin-orbit torque due to the interplay of magnetic order and the nontrivial band topology (e.g., flat bands and Dirac and Weyl points). Here we demonstrate spin-orbit torque and quantify its efficiency in a bilayer system of topological kagome ferromagnet Fe3Sn2 and platinum. We use two different techniques, one based on the quasistatic magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) and another based on time-resolved MOKE, to quantify spin-orbit torque. Both techniques give a consistent value of the effective spin Hall angle of the Fe3Sn2/Pt system. Our work may lead to further advances in spintronics based on topological kagome magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Lyalin
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shuyu Cheng
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Roland K Kawakami
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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5
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Wang B, Wu PK, Bagués Salguero N, Zheng Q, Yan J, Randeria M, McComb DW. Stimulated Nucleation of Skyrmions in a Centrosymmetric Magnet. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13495-13503. [PMID: 34374281 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of skyrmion nucleation and manipulation is important for applications in spintronic devices. In this contribution, the spin textures at magnetic domain-boundaries stimulated by application of in-plane magnetic fields in a centrosymmetric kagome ferromagnet, Fe3Sn2, with thickness gradient are investigated using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. Switching of the in-plane magnetic field is shown to induce a reversible transformation from magnetic stripes to skyrmions, or vice versa, at the interface between differently oriented domains. Micromagnetic simulations combined with experiments reveal that the rotatable anisotropy and thickness dependence of the response to the external in-plane field are the critical factors for the skyrmion formation. In addition, it is shown that the helicity of skyrmions can also be controlled using this dynamic process. The results suggest that magnetic materials with rotatable anisotropy are potential skyrmionic systems and provides a different approach for nucleation and manipulation of skyrmions in spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United States
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United States
| | - Po-Kuan Wu
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Núria Bagués Salguero
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United States
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United States
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jiaqiang Yan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Mohit Randeria
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - David W McComb
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United States
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43212, United States
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6
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Shi X, Jiang J, Wang Y, Hou Z, Zhang Q, Mi W, Zhang X. Emergence of Room Temperature Magnetotransport Anomaly in Epitaxial Pt/γ'-Fe 4N/MgO Heterostructures toward Noncollinear Spintronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26639-26648. [PMID: 34042440 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Noncollinear spin textures have attracted much attention due to their novel physical behaviors in heavy/ferromagnetic metal (HM/FM) systems. The transport anomaly, appearing as contrast humps in Hall resistivity curves, is the mark of noncollinear spin textures. Here, the epitaxial Pt/γ'-Fe4N bilayers with noncollinear spin textures were obtained by facing target sputtering. Large micromagnetic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction coefficient D of 2.90 mJ/m2 appears in Pt/γ'-Fe4N/MgO systems, which is larger than 2.05 mJ/m2 of Pt/Co/MgO systems with skyrmionic states. Moreover, at 300 K, magnetic bubble-like domains appear in Pt/γ'-Fe4N bilayers that just possess a 3 nm thick ferromagnetic layer instead of [HM/FM]n or [HM1/FM/HM2]n multilayers. Additionally, a room-temperature transport anomaly appears in Pt/γ'-Fe4N/MgO systems. The contrast humps of Pt(3 nm)/γ'-Fe4N(tFe4N ≤ 4 nm)/MgO heterostructures are not sharp due to the nonuniform distributions of the magnetic bubble-like domains with various sizes and irregular shapes, as observed by the magnetic force microscopy. The discovery of epitaxial Pt/γ'-Fe4N bilayers with noncollinear spin states is more crucial than that of polycrystalline or amorphous HM/FM systems for reducing ohmic heating, which provides a candidate for noncollinear spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- PSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Core Technology Platforms, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wenbo Mi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- PSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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7
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Chen S, Yuan S, Hou Z, Tang Y, Zhang J, Wang T, Li K, Zhao W, Liu X, Chen L, Martin LW, Chen Z. Recent Progress on Topological Structures in Ferroic Thin Films and Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2000857. [PMID: 32815214 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Topological spin/polarization structures in ferroic materials continue to draw great attention as a result of their fascinating physical behaviors and promising applications in the field of high-density nonvolatile memories as well as future energy-efficient nanoelectronic and spintronic devices. Such developments have been made, in part, based on recent advances in theoretical calculations, the synthesis of high-quality thin films, and the characterization of their emergent phenomena and exotic phases. Herein, progress over the last decade in the study of topological structures in ferroic thin films and heterostructures is explored, including the observation of topological structures and control of their structures and emergent physical phenomena through epitaxial strain, layer thickness, electric, magnetic fields, etc. First, the evolution of topological spin structures (e.g., magnetic skyrmions) and associated functionalities (e.g., topological Hall effect) in magnetic thin films and heterostructures is discussed. Then, the exotic polar topologies (e.g., domain walls, closure domains, polar vortices, bubble domains, and polar skyrmions) and their emergent physical properties in ferroelectric oxide films and heterostructures are explored. Finally, a brief overview and prospectus of how the field may evolve in the coming years is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanquan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Tang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kang Li
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xingjun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zuhuang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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8
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Turnbull LA, Birch MT, Laurenson A, Bukin N, Burgos-Parra EO, Popescu H, Wilson MN, Stefančič A, Balakrishnan G, Ogrin FY, Hatton PD. Tilted X-Ray Holography of Magnetic Bubbles in MnNiGa Lamellae. ACS NANO 2021; 15:387-395. [PMID: 33119252 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscopic lamellae of centrosymmetric ferromagnetic alloys have recently been reported to host the biskyrmion spin texture; however, this has been disputed as the misidentication of topologically trivial type-II magnetic bubbles. Here we demonstrate resonant soft X-ray holographic imaging of topological magnetic states in lamellae of the centrosymmetric alloy (Mn1-xNix)0.65Ga0.35 (x = 0.5), showing the presence of magnetic stripes evolving into single core magnetic bubbles. We observe rotation of the stripe phase via the nucleation and destruction of disclination defects. This indicates the system behaves as a conventional uniaxial ferromagnet. By utilizing the holography with extended reference by autocorrelation linear differential operator (HERALDO) method, we show tilted holographic images at 30° incidence confirming the presence of type-II magnetic bubbles in this system. This study demonstrates the utility of X-ray imaging techniques in identifying the topology of localized structures in nanoscale magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Turnbull
- Centre for Materials Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE United Kingdom
| | - Max T Birch
- Centre for Materials Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE United Kingdom
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, OX11 0DE United Kingdom
| | - Angus Laurenson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL United Kingdom
| | - Nick Bukin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL United Kingdom
| | | | - Horia Popescu
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Murray N Wilson
- Centre for Materials Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE United Kingdom
| | - Aleš Stefančič
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL United Kingdom
| | - Geetha Balakrishnan
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL United Kingdom
| | - Feodor Y Ogrin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Hatton
- Centre for Materials Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE United Kingdom
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9
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Dally RL, Phelan D, Bishop N, Ghimire NJ, Lynn JW. Isotropic Nature of the Metallic Kagome Ferromagnet Fe 3Sn 2 at High Temperatures. CRYSTALS 2021; 11:10.3390/cryst11030307. [PMID: 38487672 PMCID: PMC10938373 DOI: 10.3390/cryst11030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anisotropy and competing exchange interactions have emerged as two central ingredients needed for centrosymmetric materials to exhibit topological spin textures. Fe3Sn2 is thought to have these ingredients as well, as it has recently been discovered to host room temperature skyrmionic bubbles with an accompanying topological Hall effect. We present small-angle inelastic neutron scattering measurements that unambiguously show that Fe3Sn2 is an isotropic ferromagnet below T C ≈ 660 K to at least 480 K - the lower temperature threshold of our experimental configuration. Fe3Sn2 is known to have competing magnetic exchange interactions, correlated electron behavior, weak magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and lattice anisotropy; all of these features are thought to play a role in stabilizing skyrmions in centrosymmetric systems. Our results reveal that at elevated temperatures, there is an absence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy and that the system behaves as a typical exchange ferromagnet with a spin stiffness D T = 0 K = 271 ± 9 meV Å 2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Dally
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-6102
| | - Daniel Phelan
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Nicholas Bishop
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030
| | - Nirmal J. Ghimire
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030
| | - Jeffrey W. Lynn
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-6102
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10
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Tang J, Kong L, Wu Y, Wang W, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li J, Soh Y, Xiong Y, Tian M, Du H. Target Bubbles in Fe 3Sn 2 Nanodisks at Zero Magnetic Field. ACS NANO 2020; 14:10986-10992. [PMID: 32806036 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a vortex-like magnetic configuration in uniaxial ferromagnet Fe3Sn2 nanodisks using differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy. This magnetic configuration is transferred from a conventional magnetic vortex using a zero-magnetic-field warming process and is characterized by a series of concentric cylinder domains. We termed them as "target bubbles" that are identified as three-dimensional depth-modulated magnetic objects in combination with numerical simulations. Target bubbles have room-temperature stability even at zero magnetic field and multiple stable magnetic configurations. These advantages render the target bubble an ideal bit to be an information carrier and can advance magnetic target bubbles toward functionalities in the long term by incorporating emergent degrees of freedom and purely electrically controllable magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Lingyao Kong
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yaodong Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
- Universities Joint Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Detection Science and Technology in Anhui Province, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yutao Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yihao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Junbo Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Y Soh
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Yimin Xiong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Mingliang Tian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031, China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
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11
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Wang Y, Wang L, Xia J, Lai Z, Tian G, Zhang X, Hou Z, Gao X, Mi W, Feng C, Zeng M, Zhou G, Yu G, Wu G, Zhou Y, Wang W, Zhang XX, Liu J. Electric-field-driven non-volatile multi-state switching of individual skyrmions in a multiferroic heterostructure. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3577. [PMID: 32681004 PMCID: PMC7367868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical manipulation of skyrmions attracts considerable attention for its rich physics and promising applications. To date, such a manipulation is realized mainly via spin-polarized current based on spin-transfer torque or spin-orbital torque effect. However, this scheme is energy consuming and may produce massive Joule heating. To reduce energy dissipation and risk of heightened temperatures of skyrmion-based devices, an effective solution is to use electric field instead of current as stimulus. Here, we realize an electric-field manipulation of skyrmions in a nanostructured ferromagnetic/ferroelectrical heterostructure at room temperature via an inverse magneto-mechanical effect. Intriguingly, such a manipulation is non-volatile and exhibits a multistate feature. Numerical simulations indicate that the electric-field manipulation of skyrmions originates from strain-mediated modification of effective magnetic anisotropy and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Our results open a direction for constructing low-energy-dissipation, non-volatile, and multistate skyrmion-based spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jing Xia
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Zhengxun Lai
- Colleage of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300392, China
| | - Guo Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xichao Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xingsen Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Wenbo Mi
- Colleage of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300392, China
| | - Chun Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Min Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guanghua Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guangheng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Wenhong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xi-Xiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junming Liu
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 211102, China
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12
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Meng W, Zhang X, He T, Jin L, Dai X, Liu Y, Liu G. Ternary compound HfCuP: An excellent Weyl semimetal with the coexistence of type-I and type-II Weyl nodes. J Adv Res 2020; 24:523-528. [PMID: 32612858 PMCID: PMC7320317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In most Weyl semimetal (WSMs), the Weyl nodes with opposite chiralities usually have the same type of band dispersions (either type-I or type-II), whereas realistic candidate materials hosting different types of Weyl nodes have not been identified to date. Here we report for the first time that, a ternary compound HfCuP, is an excellent WSM with the coexistence of type-I and type-II Weyl nodes. Our results show that, HfCuP totally contains six pairs of type-I and six pairs of type-II Weyl nodes in the Brillouin zone, all locating at the H-K path. These Weyl nodes situate slightly below the Fermi level, and do not coexist with other extraneous bands. The nontrivial band structure in HfCuP produces clear Fermi arc surface states in the (1 0 0) surface projection. Moreover, we find the Weyl nodes in HfCuP can be effectively tuned by strain engineering. These characteristics make HfCuP a potential candidate material to investigate the novel properties of type-I and type-II Weyl fermions, as well as the potential entanglements between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Tingli He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Lei Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xuefang Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.,School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400044, China
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13
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Ding B, Li Z, Xu G, Li H, Hou Z, Liu E, Xi X, Xu F, Yao Y, Wang W. Observation of Magnetic Skyrmion Bubbles in a van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe 3GeTe 2. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:868-873. [PMID: 31869236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials have recently been introduced as a new horizon in materials science, and they enable potential applications for next-generation spintronic devices. Here, in this communication, the observations of stable Bloch-type magnetic skyrmions in single crystals of 2D vdW Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) are reported by using in situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We find the ground-state magnetic stripe domains in FGT transform into skyrmion bubbles when an external magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to the (001) thin plate with temperatures below the Curie temperature TC. Most interestingly, a hexagonal lattice of skyrmion bubbles is obtained via field-cooling manipulation with magnetic field applied along the [001] direction. Owing to their topological stability, the skyrmion bubble lattices are stable to large field-cooling tilted angles and further reproduced by utilizing the micromagnetic simulations. These observations directly demonstrate that the 2D vdW FGT possesses a rich variety of topological spin textures, being of great promise for future applications in the field of spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zefang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Guizhou Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Hang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zhipeng Hou
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Enke Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Xuekui Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Wenhong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
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14
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Hou Z, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Xu G, Xia J, Ding B, Li H, Zhang S, Batra NM, Costa PMFJ, Liu E, Wu G, Ezawa M, Liu X, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Wang W. Current-Induced Helicity Reversal of a Single Skyrmionic Bubble Chain in a Nanostructured Frustrated Magnet. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904815. [PMID: 31746047 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Helicity indicates the in-plane magnetic-moment swirling direction of a skyrmionic configuration. The ability to reverse the helicity of a skyrmionic bubble via purely electrical means has been predicted in frustrated magnetic systems; however, it has been challenging to observe this experimentally. The current-driven helicity reversal of the skyrmionic bubble in a nanostructured frustrated Fe3 Sn2 magnet is experimentally demonstrated. The critical current density required to trigger the helicity reversal is 109 -1010 A m-2 , with a corresponding pulse-width varying from 1 µs to 100 ns. Computational simulations reveal that both the pinning effect and dipole-dipole interaction play a crucial role in the helicity reversal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xichao Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Guizhou Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jing Xia
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Bei Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Senfu Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nitin M Batra
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pedro M F J Costa
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enke Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guangheng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Motohiko Ezawa
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenhong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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15
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Xu L, Meng W, Zhang X, Dai X, Liu Y, Wang L, Liu G. Palladium oxide: an excellent topological electronic material with 0-D and 1-D band crossings and definite nontrivial surface states. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18447-18453. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02446e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PdO is an excellent topological semimetal with coexisting 0-D and 1-D band crossings and clear surface states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
- School of Material Sciences and Engineering
| | - Weizhen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
- School of Material Sciences and Engineering
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
- School of Material Sciences and Engineering
| | - Xuefang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
| | - Liying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300354
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- China
- School of Material Sciences and Engineering
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