1
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Kim K, Sherman ZM, Cleri A, Chang WJ, Maria JP, Truskett TM, Milliron DJ. Hierarchically Doped Plasmonic Nanocrystal Metamaterials. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7633-7641. [PMID: 37558214 PMCID: PMC10450817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Assembling plasmonic nanocrystals in regular superlattices can produce effective optical properties not found in homogeneous materials. However, the range of these metamaterial properties is limited when a single nanocrystal composition is selected for the constituent meta-atoms. Here, we show how continuously varying doping at two length scales, the atomic and nanocrystal scales, enables tuning of both the frequency and bandwidth of the collective plasmon resonance in nanocrystal-based metasurfaces, while these features are inextricably linked in single-component superlattices. Varying the mixing ratio of indium tin oxide nanocrystals with different dopant concentrations, we use large-scale simulations to predict the emergence of a broad infrared spectral region with near-zero permittivity. Experimentally, tunable reflectance and absorption bands are observed, owing to in- and out-of-plane collective resonances. These spectral features and the predicted strong near-field enhancement establish this multiscale doping strategy as a powerful new approach to designing metamaterials for optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihoon Kim
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, University
of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zachary M. Sherman
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, University
of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Angela Cleri
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Woo Je Chang
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, University
of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jon-Paul Maria
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Thomas M. Truskett
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, University
of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department
of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 E Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Delia J. Milliron
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering, University
of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 2506 Speedway, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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2
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Sherman ZM, Kim K, Kang J, Roman BJ, Crory HSN, Conrad DL, Valenzuela SA, Lin E, Dominguez MN, Gibbs SL, Anslyn EV, Milliron DJ, Truskett TM. Plasmonic Response of Complex Nanoparticle Assemblies. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3030-3037. [PMID: 36989531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Optical properties of nanoparticle assemblies reflect distinctive characteristics of their building blocks and spatial organization, giving rise to emergent phenomena. Integrated experimental and computational studies have established design principles connecting the structure to properties for assembled clusters and superlattices. However, conventional electromagnetic simulations are too computationally expensive to treat more complex assemblies. Here we establish a fast, materials agnostic method to simulate the optical response of large nanoparticle assemblies incorporating both structural and compositional complexity. This many-bodied, mutual polarization method resolves limitations of established approaches, achieving rapid, accurate convergence for configurations including thousands of nanoparticles, with some overlapping. We demonstrate these capabilities by reproducing experimental trends and uncovering far- and near-field mechanisms governing the optical response of plasmonic semiconductor nanocrystal assemblies including structurally complex gel networks and compositionally complex mixed binary superlattices. This broadly applicable framework will facilitate the design of complex, hierarchically structured, and dynamic assemblies for desired optical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Sherman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas United States
| | - Kihoon Kim
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas United States
| | - Jiho Kang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas United States
| | - Benjamin J Roman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas United States
| | - Hannah S N Crory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas United States
| | - Diana L Conrad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas United States
| | - Stephanie A Valenzuela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas United States
| | - Emily Lin
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas United States
| | - Manuel N Dominguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas United States
| | - Stephen L Gibbs
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas United States
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas United States
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas United States
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas United States
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, Texas United States
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3
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Liu Z, Qin X, Chen Q, Jiang T, Chen Q, Liu X. Metal-Halide Perovskite Nanocrystal Superlattice: Self-Assembly and Optical Fingerprints. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209279. [PMID: 36738101 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of nanocrystals into superlattices is a fascinating process that not only changes geometric morphology, but also creates unique properties that considerably enrich the material toolbox for new applications. Numerous studies have driven the blossoming of superlattices from various aspects. These include precise control of size and morphology, enhancement of properties, exploitation of functions, and integration of the material into miniature devices. The effective synthesis of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals has advanced research on self-assembly of building blocks into micrometer-sized superlattices. More importantly, these materials exhibit abundant optical features, including highly coherent superfluorescence, amplified spontaneous laser emission, and adjustable spectral redshift, facilitating basic research and state-of-the-art applications. This review summarizes recent advances in the field of metal-halide perovskite superlattices. It begins with basic packing models and introduces various stacking configurations of superlattices. The potential of multiple capping ligands is also discussed and their crucial role in superlattice growth is highlighted, followed by detailed reviews of synthesis and characterization methods. How these optical features can be distinguished and present contemporary applications is then considered. This review concludes with a list of unanswered questions and an outlook on their potential use in quantum computing and quantum communications to stimulate further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Liu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Qihao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tianci Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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4
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Jansen M, Tisdale WA, Wood V. Nanocrystal phononics. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:161-169. [PMID: 36702886 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals are successfully used as nanoscale building blocks for creating hierarchical solids with structures that range from amorphous networks to sophisticated periodic superlattices. Recently, it has been observed that these superlattices exhibit collective vibrations, which stem from the correlated motion of the nanocrystals, with their surface-bound ligands acting as molecular linkers. In this Perspective, we describe the work so far on collective vibrations in nanocrystal solids and their as-of-yet untapped potential for phononic applications. With the ability to engineer vibrations in the hypersonic regime through the choice of nanocrystal and linker composition, as well as by controlling their size, shape and chemical interactions, such superstructures offer new opportunities for phononic crystals, acoustic metamaterials and optomechanical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Jansen
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - William A Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa Wood
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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5
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Kang J, Sherman ZM, Crory HSN, Conrad DL, Berry MW, Roman BJ, Anslyn EV, Truskett TM, Milliron DJ. Modular mixing in plasmonic metal oxide nanocrystal gels with thermoreversible links. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:024903. [PMID: 36641404 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelation offers a powerful strategy to assemble plasmonic nanocrystal networks incorporating both the distinctive optical properties of constituent building blocks and customizable collective properties. Beyond what a single-component assembly can offer, the characteristics of nanocrystal networks can be tuned in a broader range when two or more components are intimately combined. Here, we demonstrate mixed nanocrystal gel networks using thermoresponsive metal-terpyridine links that enable rapid gel assembly and disassembly with thermal cycling. Plasmonic indium oxide nanocrystals with different sizes, doping concentrations, and shapes are reliably intermixed in linked gel assemblies, exhibiting collective infrared absorption that reflects the contributions of each component while also deviating systematically from a linear combination of the spectra for single-component gels. We extend a many-bodied, mutual polarization method to simulate the optical response of mixed nanocrystal gels, reproducing the experimental trends with no free parameters and revealing that spectral deviations originate from cross-coupling between nanocrystals with distinct plasmonic properties. Our thermoreversible linking strategy directs the assembly of mixed nanocrystal gels with continuously tunable far- and near-field optical properties that are distinct from those of the building blocks or mixed close-packed structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Kang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Zachary M Sherman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Hannah S N Crory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Diana L Conrad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Marina W Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Benjamin J Roman
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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6
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Gao Y, Xu X, Wang Y, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Xiong B, Zhu J. Dynamic Assembly of Polymer-Tethered Gold Nanoparticles into a 2D Superlattice at the Air–Liquid Interface: Influence of the Polymer Structure and Solvent Vapor. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Xiangyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Jianghan University, Wuhan430056, China
| | - Zhenxian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Youshuang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, China
| | - Bijin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
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7
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Elbert KC, Vo T, Oh D, Bharti H, Glotzer SC, Murray CB. Evaporation-Driven Coassembly of Hierarchical, Multicomponent Networks. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4508-4516. [PMID: 35175730 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly is an increasingly popular approach to systematically control the formation of complex, multicomponent materials with structural features orders of magnitude larger than the constituent colloidal nanocrystals. Common approaches often involve templating via prefabricated patterns to control particle organization- or programming-specific interactions between individual building blocks. While effective, such fabrication methods suffer from major bottlenecks due to the complexity required in mask creation for patterning or surface modification techniques needed to program directed interactions between particles. Here, we propose an alternative strategy that aims to bypass such limitations. First, we design a ligand structure that can bridge two distinct nanocrystal types. Then, by leveraging the solvent's evaporative dynamics to drive particle organization, we direct a cross-linked, multicomponent system of nanocrystals to organize hierarchically into ordered, open-network structures with domain sizes orders of magnitude larger than the constituent building blocks. We employ simulation and theory to rationalize the driving forces governing this evaporation-driven process, showing excellent agreement across theory, simulations, and experiments. These results suggest that evaporation-driven organization can be a powerful approach to designing and fabricating hierarchical, multifunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Elbert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Thi Vo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Deborah Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Harshit Bharti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sharon C Glotzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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8
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Notot V, Walravens W, Berthe M, Peric N, Addad A, Wallart X, Delerue C, Hens Z, Grandidier B, Biadala L. Quantum Dot Acceptors in Two-Dimensional Epitaxially Fused PbSe Quantum Dot Superlattices. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3081-3091. [PMID: 35156366 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oriented attachment of colloidal quantum dots allows the growth of two-dimensional crystals by design, which could have striking electronic properties upon progress on manipulating their conductivity. Here, we explore the origin of doping in square and epitaxially fused PbSe quantum dot superlattices with low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Probing the density of states of numerous individual quantum dots reveals an electronic coupling between the hole ground states of the quantum dots. Moreover, a small amount of quantum dots shows a reproducible deep level in the band gap, which is not caused by structural defects in the connections but arises from unpassivated sites at the {111} facets. Based on semiconductor statistics, these distinct defective quantum dots, randomly distributed in the superlattice, trap electrons, releasing a concentration of free holes, which is intimately related to the interdot electronic coupling. They act as acceptor quantum dots in the host quantum dot lattice, mimicking the role of dopant atoms in a semiconductor crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Notot
- Université Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, JUNIA-ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Willem Walravens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maxime Berthe
- Université Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, JUNIA-ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nemanja Peric
- Université Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, JUNIA-ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ahmed Addad
- Université Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Xavier Wallart
- Université Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, JUNIA-ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Delerue
- Université Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, JUNIA-ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Zeger Hens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Grandidier
- Université Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, JUNIA-ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Louis Biadala
- Université Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, JUNIA-ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
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9
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Landy KM, Gibson KJ, Urbach ZJ, Park SS, Roth EW, Weigand S, Mirkin CA. Programming "Atomic Substitution" in Alloy Colloidal Crystals Using DNA. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:280-285. [PMID: 34978818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although examples of colloidal crystal analogues to metal alloys have been reported, general routes for preparing 3D analogues to random substitutional alloys do not exist. Here, we use the programmability of DNA (length and sequence) to match nanoparticle component sizes, define parent lattice symmetry and substitutional order, and achieve faceted crystal habits. We synthesized substitutional alloy colloidal crystals with either ordered or random arrangements of two components (Au and Fe3O4 nanoparticles) within an otherwise identical parent lattice and crystal habit, confirmed via scanning electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy reveals information regarding composition and local order, while the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles can direct different structural outcomes for different alloys in an applied magnetic field. This work constitutes a platform for independently defining substitution within multicomponent colloidal crystals, a capability that will expand the scope of functional materials that can be realized through programmable assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Landy
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Kyle J Gibson
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Zachary J Urbach
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Sarah S Park
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Eric W Roth
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Steven Weigand
- DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) Synchrotron Research Center, Northwestern University, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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10
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Horwath JP, Voorhees PW, Stach EA. Quantifying Competitive Degradation Processes in Supported Nanocatalyst Systems. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5324-5329. [PMID: 34109786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The stability of supported metal nanoparticles determines the activity and lifetime of heterogeneous catalysts. Catalysts can destabilize through several thermodynamic and kinetic pathways, and the competition between these mechanisms complicates efforts to quantify and predict the overall evolution of supported nanoparticles in reactive environments. Pairing in situ transmission electron microscopy with unsupervised machine learning, we quantify the destabilization of hundreds of supported Au nanoparticles in real-time to develop a model describing the observed particle evolution as a competition between evaporation and surface diffusion. Data mining of particle evolution statistics allows us to determine physically reasonable values for the model parameters, quantify the particle size at which the Gibbs-Thomson pressure accelerates the evaporation process, and explore how individual particle interactions deviate from the mean-field model. This approach can be applied to a wide range of supported nanoparticle systems, allowing quantitative insight into the mechanisms that control their evolution in reactive environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Horwath
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Peter W Voorhees
- Northwestern University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Eric A Stach
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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11
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Elbert KC, Zygmunt W, Vo T, Vara CM, Rosen DJ, Krook NM, Glotzer SC, Murray CB. Anisotropic nanocrystal shape and ligand design for co-assembly. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf9402. [PMID: 34088667 PMCID: PMC8177705 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf9402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanocrystal (NC) building blocks to create metamaterials is a powerful approach to access emergent materials. Given the immense library of materials choices, progress in this area for anisotropic NCs is limited by the lack of co-assembly design principles. Here, we use a rational design approach to guide the co-assembly of two such anisotropic systems. We modulate the removal of geometrical incompatibilities between NCs by tuning the ligand shell, taking advantage of the lock-and-key motifs between emergent shapes of the ligand coating to subvert phase separation. Using a combination of theory, simulation, and experiments, we use our strategy to achieve co-assembly of a binary system of cubes and triangular plates and a secondary system involving two two-dimensional (2D) nanoplates. This theory-guided approach to NC assembly has the potential to direct materials choices for targeted binary co-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Elbert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William Zygmunt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thi Vo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Corbin M Vara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J Rosen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nadia M Krook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sharon C Glotzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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12
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Perovskite-type superlattices from lead halide perovskite nanocubes. Nature 2021; 593:535-542. [PMID: 34040208 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Atomically defined assemblies of dye molecules (such as H and J aggregates) have been of interest for more than 80 years because of the emergence of collective phenomena in their optical spectra1-3, their coherent long-range energy transport, their conceptual similarity to natural light-harvesting complexes4,5, and their potential use as light sources and in photovoltaics. Another way of creating versatile and controlled aggregates that exhibit collective phenomena involves the organization of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals into long-range-ordered superlattices6. Caesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals7-9 are promising building blocks for such superlattices, owing to the high oscillator strength of bright triplet excitons10, slow dephasing (coherence times of up to 80 picoseconds) and minimal inhomogeneous broadening of emission lines11,12. So far, only single-component superlattices with simple cubic packing have been devised from these nanocrystals13. Here we present perovskite-type (ABO3) binary and ternary nanocrystal superlattices, created via the shape-directed co-assembly of steric-stabilized, highly luminescent cubic CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (which occupy the B and/or O lattice sites), spherical Fe3O4 or NaGdF4 nanocrystals (A sites) and truncated-cuboid PbS nanocrystals (B sites). These ABO3 superlattices, as well as the binary NaCl and AlB2 superlattice structures that we demonstrate, exhibit a high degree of orientational ordering of the CsPbBr3 nanocubes. They also exhibit superfluorescence-a collective emission that results in a burst of photons with ultrafast radiative decay (22 picoseconds) that could be tailored for use in ultrabright (quantum) light sources. Our work paves the way for further exploration of complex, ordered and functionally useful perovskite mesostructures.
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13
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Kagan CR, Bassett LC, Murray CB, Thompson SM. Colloidal Quantum Dots as Platforms for Quantum Information Science. Chem Rev 2020; 121:3186-3233. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Schulz F, Pavelka O, Lehmkühler F, Westermeier F, Okamura Y, Mueller NS, Reich S, Lange H. Structural order in plasmonic superlattices. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3821. [PMID: 32732893 PMCID: PMC7393164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles into ordered 2D- and 3D-superlattices could pave the way towards new tailored materials for plasmonic sensing, photocatalysis and manipulation of light on the nanoscale. The properties of such materials strongly depend on their geometry, and accordingly straightforward protocols to obtain precise plasmonic superlattices are highly desirable. Here, we synthesize large areas of crystalline mono-, bi- and multilayers of gold nanoparticles >20 nm with a small number of defects. The superlattices can be described as hexagonal crystals with standard deviations of the lattice parameter below 1%. The periodic arrangement within the superlattices leads to new well-defined collective plasmon-polariton modes. The general level of achieved superlattice quality will be of benefit for a broad range of applications, ranging from fundamental studies of light-matter interaction to optical metamaterials and substrates for surface-enhanced spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schulz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ondřej Pavelka
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yu Okamura
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niclas S Mueller
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Padilla LA, Ramírez-Hernández A. Phase behavior of a two-dimensional core-softened system: new physical insights. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:275103. [PMID: 32155598 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab7e5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report results of extensive computer simulations regarding the phase behavior of a core-softened system. By using structural and thermodynamic descriptors, as well as self-diffusion coefficients, we provide a comprehensive view of the rich phase behavior displayed by the particular instance of the model studied in here. Our calculations agree with previously published results focused on a smaller region in the temperature-density parameter space (Dudalov et al 2014 Soft Matter 10 4966). In this work, we explore a broader region in this parameter space, and uncover interesting fluid phases with low-symmetry local order, that were not reported by previous works. Solid phases were also found, and have been previously characterized in detail by (Kryuchkov et al 2018 Soft Matter 14 2152). Our results support previously reported findings, and provide new physical insights regarding the emergence of order as disordered phases transform into solids by providing radial distribution function maps and specific heat data. Our results are summarized in terms of a phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Padilla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States of America
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16
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Wang S, Du JS, Diercks NJ, Zhou W, Roth EW, Dravid VP, Mirkin CA. Colloidal Crystal "Alloys". J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:20443-20450. [PMID: 31840989 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal crystal engineering with DNA has emerged as a powerful tool for precisely controlling the arrangement of nanoscale building blocks in three-dimensional superlattices, where nanoparticles densely modified with DNA can be viewed as "programmable atom equivalents" (PAEs). Although a wide variety of complementary DNA-modified nanoparticles, differentiated by size, shape, and composition, have been assembled into many "ionic" phases, the predictable formation of "alloy" phases remains elusive. Here, we describe the design of "colloidal crystal alloys" by combining gold PAEs of two different sizes (core diameters ranging from 5 to 40 nm) with complementary DNA-modified 2 nm gold nanoparticles (∼15 DNA strands/particle) that act as electron equivalents (EEs). Electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments reveal the formation of four classes of colloidal alloy equivalents: interstitial, substitutional, phase-separated, and intermetallic alloys. In these colloidal alloy phases, PAEs occupy lattice positions, while EEs stabilize the PAE lattice but do not occupy specific lattice sites. A set of chemical design guidelines emerge from this study, analogous to that of the Hume-Rothery rules, allowing for programmed synthesis of different alloy phases depending on PAE particle size ratio, DNA surface coverage, stoichiometric ratio, and thermal annealing pathways. Furthermore, we study the phase separation process via in situ SAXS experiments as well as ex situ electron microscopy, revealing the critical role of kinetics on the phase behavior in these systems.
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17
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Elbert KC, Vo T, Krook NM, Zygmunt W, Park J, Yager KG, Composto RJ, Glotzer SC, Murray CB. Dendrimer Ligand Directed Nanoplate Assembly. ACS NANO 2019; 13:14241-14251. [PMID: 31756073 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many studies on nanocrystal (NC) self-assembly into ordered superlattices have focused mainly on attractive forces between the NCs, whereas the role of organic ligands on anisotropic NCs is only in its infancy. Herein, we report the use of a series of dendrimer ligands to direct the assembly of nanoplates into 2D and 3D geometries. It was found that the dendrimer-nanoplates consistently form a directionally offset architecture in 3D films. We present a theory to predict ligand surface distribution and Monte Carlo simulation results that characterize the ligand shell around the nanoplates. Bulky dendrimer ligands create a nontrivial corona around the plates that changes with ligand architecture. When this organic-inorganic effective shape is used in conjunction with thermodynamic perturbation theory to predict both lattice morphology and equilibrium relative orientations between NCs, a lock-and-key type of mechanism is found for the 3D assembly. We observe excellent agreement between our experimental results and theoretical model for 2D and 3D geometries, including the percent of offset between the layers of NCs. Such level of theoretical understanding and modeling will help guide future design frameworks to achieve targeted assemblies of NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Elbert
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Thi Vo
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Nadia M Krook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - William Zygmunt
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Jungmi Park
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Kevin G Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Russell J Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Sharon C Glotzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
- Biointerfaces Institute , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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Santos P, Cheung TC, Macfarlane RJ. Assembling Ordered Crystals with Disperse Building Blocks. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5774-5780. [PMID: 31348659 PMCID: PMC6727666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Conventional colloidal crystallization techniques typically require low dispersity building blocks in order to make ordered particle arrays, resulting in a practical challenge for studying or scaling these materials. Nanoparticles covered in a polymer brush therefore may be predicted to be challenging building blocks in the formation of high-quality particle superlattices, as both the nanoparticle core and polymer brush are independent sources of dispersity in the system. However, when supramolecular bonding between complementary functional groups at the ends of the polymer chains are used to drive particle assembly, these "nanocomposite tectons" can make high quality superlattices with polymer dispersities as large as 1.44 and particle diameter relative standard deviations up to 23% without any significant change to superlattice crystallinity. Here we demonstrate and explain how the flexible and dynamic nature of the polymer chains that comprise the particle brush allows them to deform to accommodate the irregularities in building block size and shape that arise from the inherent dispersity of their constituent components. Incorporating "soft" components into nanomaterials design therefore offers a facile and robust method for maintaining good control over organization when the materials themselves are imperfect.
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