1
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Cai J, Wei L, Liu J, Xue C, Chen Z, Hu Y, Zang Y, Wang M, Shi W, Qin T, Zhang H, Chen L, Liu X, Willinger MG, Hu P, Liu K, Yang B, Liu Z, Liu Z, Wang ZJ. Two-dimensional crystalline platinum oxide. NATURE MATERIALS 2024:10.1038/s41563-024-02002-y. [PMID: 39300286 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Platinum (Pt) oxides are vital catalysts in numerous reactions, but research indicates that they decompose at high temperatures, limiting their use in high-temperature applications. In this study, we identify a two-dimensional (2D) crystalline Pt oxide with remarkable thermal stability (1,200 K under nitrogen dioxide) using a suite of in situ methods. This 2D Pt oxide, characterized by a honeycomb lattice of Pt atoms encased between dual oxygen layers forming a six-pointed star structure, exhibits minimized in-plane stress and enhanced vertical bonding due to its unique structure, as revealed by theoretical simulations. These features contribute to its high thermal stability. Multiscale in situ observations trace the formation of this 2D Pt oxide from α-PtO2, providing insights into its formation mechanism from the atomic to the millimetre scale. This 2D Pt oxide with outstanding thermal stability and distinct surface electronic structure subverts the previously held notion that Pt oxides do not exist at high temperatures and can also present unique catalytic capabilities. This work expands our understanding of Pt oxidation species and sheds light on the oxidative and catalytic behaviours of Pt oxide in high-temperature settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cai
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyang Wei
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaowu Xue
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoxi Chen
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiong Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijing Zang
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meixiao Wang
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wujun Shi
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Qin
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Liu
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Peijun Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhongkai Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhu-Jun Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Wang L, Qi J, Wei W, Wu M, Zhang Z, Li X, Sun H, Guo Q, Cao M, Wang Q, Zhao C, Sheng Y, Liu Z, Liu C, Wu M, Xu Z, Wang W, Hong H, Gao P, Wu M, Wang ZJ, Xu X, Wang E, Ding F, Zheng X, Liu K, Bai X. Bevel-edge epitaxy of ferroelectric rhombohedral boron nitride single crystal. Nature 2024; 629:74-79. [PMID: 38693415 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Within the family of two-dimensional dielectrics, rhombohedral boron nitride (rBN) is considerably promising owing to having not only the superior properties of hexagonal boron nitride1-4-including low permittivity and dissipation, strong electrical insulation, good chemical stability, high thermal conductivity and atomic flatness without dangling bonds-but also useful optical nonlinearity and interfacial ferroelectricity originating from the broken in-plane and out-of-plane centrosymmetry5-23. However, the preparation of large-sized single-crystal rBN layers remains a challenge24-26, owing to the requisite unprecedented growth controls to coordinate the lattice orientation of each layer and the sliding vector of every interface. Here we report a facile methodology using bevel-edge epitaxy to prepare centimetre-sized single-crystal rBN layers with exact interlayer ABC stacking on a vicinal nickel surface. We realized successful accurate fabrication over a single-crystal nickel substrate with bunched step edges of the terrace facet (100) at the bevel facet (110), which simultaneously guided the consistent boron-nitrogen bond orientation in each BN layer and the rhombohedral stacking of BN layers via nucleation near each bevel facet. The pure rhombohedral phase of the as-grown BN layers was verified, and consequently showed robust, homogeneous and switchable ferroelectricity with a high Curie temperature. Our work provides an effective route for accurate stacking-controlled growth of single-crystal two-dimensional layers and presents a foundation for applicable multifunctional devices based on stacked two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiajie Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenya Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huacong Sun
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quanlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Cao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghe Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxuan Sheng
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhetong Liu
- International Centre for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Can Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Muhong Wu
- International Centre for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
| | - Hao Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- International Centre for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Menghao Wu
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhi Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enge Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
- Tsientang Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiaorui Zheng
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China.
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China.
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3
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Wang ZJ, Kong X, Huang Y, Li J, Bao L, Cao K, Hu Y, Cai J, Wang L, Chen H, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Pang F, Cheng Z, Babor P, Kolibal M, Liu Z, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Cui Y, Liu K, Yang H, Bao X, Gao HJ, Liu Z, Ji W, Ding F, Willinger MG. Conversion of chirality to twisting via sequential one-dimensional and two-dimensional growth of graphene spirals. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:331-338. [PMID: 37537355 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01632-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The properties of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials can be tuned through nanostructuring or controlled layer stacking, where interlayer hybridization induces exotic electronic states and transport phenomena. Here we describe a viable approach and underlying mechanism for the assisted self-assembly of twisted layer graphene. The process, which can be implemented in standard chemical vapour deposition growth, is best described by analogy to origami and kirigami with paper. It involves the controlled induction of wrinkle formation in single-layer graphene with subsequent wrinkle folding, tearing and re-growth. Inherent to the process is the formation of intertwined graphene spirals and conversion of the chiral angle of 1D wrinkles into a 2D twist angle of a 3D superlattice. The approach can be extended to other foldable 2D materials and facilitates the production of miniaturized electronic components, including capacitors, resistors, inductors and superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiao Kong
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Bao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kecheng Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiong Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Cai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifen Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueshen Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Pang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Petr Babor
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kolibal
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zhongkai Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Ding
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Zhu X, Wang H, Wang K, Xie L. Progress on the in situ imaging of growth dynamics of two-dimensional materials. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:11746-11758. [PMID: 37366323 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01475d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
One key issue to promote the industrialization of two-dimensional (2D) materials is to grow high-quality and large-scale 2D materials. Investigations of the growth mechanism and growth dynamics are of fundamental importance for the growth of 2D material, in which in situ imaging is highly needed. By applying different in situ imaging techniques, details for growth process, including nucleation and morphology evolution, can be obtained. This review summarizes the recent progress on the in situ imaging of 2D material growth, in which the growth rate, kink dynamics, domain coalescence, growth across the substrate steps, single-atom catalysis, and intermediates have been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Honggang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kangkang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Liming Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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5
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Leidinger P, Panighel M, Pérez Dieste V, Villar-Garcia IJ, Vezzoni P, Haag F, Barth JV, Allegretti F, Günther S, Patera LL. Probing dynamic covalent chemistry in a 2D boroxine framework by in situ near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1068-1075. [PMID: 36541666 PMCID: PMC9851174 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04949j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent chemistry is a powerful approach to design covalent organic frameworks, where high crystallinity is achieved through reversible bond formation. Here, we exploit near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to elucidate the reversible formation of a two-dimensional boroxine framework. By in situ mapping the pressure-temperature parameter space, we identify the regions where the rates of the condensation and hydrolysis reactions become dominant, being the key to enable the thermodynamically controlled growth of crystalline frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Leidinger
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Pablo Vezzoni
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Felix Haag
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Günther
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Laerte L Patera
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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6
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Xie J, Meng G, Chen B, Li Z, Yin Z, Cheng Y. Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth of Morphology-Tailorable WS 2 toward P-Type Monolayer Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45716-45724. [PMID: 36183271 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although substantial efforts have been made, controllable synthesis of p-type WS2 remains a challenge. In this work, we employ NaCl as a seeding promoter to realize vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth of p-type WS2. Morphological evolution, including a one-dimensional (1D) nanowire to two-dimensional (2D) planar domain and 2D shape transition of WS2 domains, can be well-controlled by the growth temperature and sulfur introduction time. A high growth temperature is required to enable planar growth of 2D WS2, and a sulfur-rich environment is found to facilitate the growth of high-quality WS2. Raman and photoluminescence (PL) mappings demonstrate uniform crystallinity and high quantum efficiency of VLS-grown WS2. Moreover, monolayer WS2-based field-effect transistors (FETs) are fabricated, showing p-type conducting behavior, which is different from previous reported n-type FETs from WS2 grown by other methods. First-principles calculations show that the p-type behavior originates from the substitution of Na at the W site, which will form an additional acceptor level above the valence band maximum (VBM). This facile VLS growth method opens the avenue to realize the p-n WS2 homojunctions and p/n-WS2-based heterojunctions for monolayer wearable electronic, photonic, optoelectronic, and biosensing devices and should also be a great benefit to the development of 2D complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuit applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyou Yin
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory2601, Australia
| | - Yonghong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy (CNRE), School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710049, People's Republic of China
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7
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Li X, Wu G, Zhang L, Huang D, Li Y, Zhang R, Li M, Zhu L, Guo J, Huang T, Shen J, Wei X, Yu KM, Dong J, Altman MS, Ruoff RS, Duan Y, Yu J, Wang Z, Huang X, Ding F, Shi H, Tang W. Single-crystal two-dimensional material epitaxy on tailored non-single-crystal substrates. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1773. [PMID: 35365650 PMCID: PMC8975884 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of single-crystal substrates as templates for the epitaxial growth of single-crystal overlayers has been a primary principle of materials epitaxy for more than 70 years. Here we report our finding that, though counterintuitive, single-crystal 2D materials can be epitaxially grown on twinned crystals. By establishing a geometric principle to describe 2D materials alignment on high-index surfaces, we show that 2D material islands grown on the two sides of a twin boundary can be well aligned. To validate this prediction, wafer-scale Cu foils with abundant twin boundaries were synthesized, and on the surfaces of these polycrystalline Cu foils, we have successfully grown wafer-scale single-crystal graphene and hexagonal boron nitride films. In addition, to greatly increasing the availability of large area high-quality 2D single crystals, our discovery also extends the fundamental understanding of materials epitaxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Guilin Wu
- International Joint Laboratory for Light Alloys (MOE), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P.R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
| | - Leining Zhang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Deping Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P.R. China
| | - Yunqing Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Electron Microscope Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Electron Microscope Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- International Joint Laboratory for Light Alloys (MOE), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P.R. China
| | - Tianlin Huang
- International Joint Laboratory for Light Alloys (MOE), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P.R. China
| | - Jun Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P.R. China
| | - Xingzhan Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P.R. China
| | - Ka Man Yu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jichen Dong
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael S Altman
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Rodney S Ruoff
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yinwu Duan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Graphene Film Manufacturing, Chongqing, 401329, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Graphene Film Manufacturing, Chongqing, 401329, P.R. China
| | - Zhujun Wang
- Shanghai Tech University, 93 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Huang
- International Joint Laboratory for Light Alloys (MOE), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P.R. China.
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P.R. China.
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Haofei Shi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Wenxin Tang
- Electron Microscope Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
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8
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Bhowmik S, Govind Rajan A. Chemical vapor deposition of 2D materials: A review of modeling, simulation, and machine learning studies. iScience 2022; 25:103832. [PMID: 35243221 PMCID: PMC8857588 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is extensively used to produce large-area two-dimensional (2D) materials. Current research is aimed at understanding mechanisms underlying the nucleation and growth of various 2D materials, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and transition metal dichalcogenides (e.g., MoS2/WSe2). Herein, we survey the vast literature regarding modeling and simulation of the CVD growth of 2D materials and their heterostructures. We also focus on newer materials, such as silicene, phosphorene, and borophene. We discuss how density functional theory, kinetic Monte Carlo, and reactive molecular dynamics simulations can shed light on the thermodynamics and kinetics of vapor-phase synthesis. We explain how machine learning can be used to develop insights into growth mechanisms and outcomes, as well as outline the open knowledge gaps in the literature. Our work provides consolidated theoretical insights into the CVD growth of 2D materials and presents opportunities for further understanding and improving such processes
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9
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Yao W, Zhang J, Ji J, Yang H, Zhou B, Chen X, Bøggild P, Jepsen PU, Tang J, Wang F, Zhang L, Liu J, Wu B, Dong J, Liu Y. Bottom-Up-Etching-Mediated Synthesis of Large-Scale Pure Monolayer Graphene on Cyclic-Polishing-Annealed Cu(111). ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108608. [PMID: 34820918 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of large-scale single-crystalline graphene monolayers without multilayers involves the fabrication of proper single-crystalline substrates and the ubiquitous formation of multilayered graphene islands during chemical vapor deposition. Here, a method of cyclic electrochemical polishing combined with thermal annealing, which allows the conversion of commercial polycrystalline Cu foils to single-crystal Cu(111) with an almost 100% yield, is presented. A global "bottom-up-etching" method that is capable of fabricating large-area pure single-crystalline graphene monolayers without multilayers through selectively etching bottom multilayered graphene underneath large area as-grown graphene monolayer on Cu(111) surface is demonstrated. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) measurement of the pure monolayer graphene film shows a high average sheet conductivity of 2.8 mS and mean carrier mobility of 6903 cm2 V-1 s-1 over a large area. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the selective etching is induced by the much easier diffusion of hydrogen atoms than hydrocarbon radicals across the edges of the top graphene layer, and the simulated selective etching processes based on phase field modeling are well consistent with experimental observations. This work provides new ways toward the production of single-crystal Cu(111) and the synthesis of pure monolayer graphene with high electronic quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - He Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Zhou
- Department of Photonics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Peter Bøggild
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Peter U Jepsen
- Department of Photonics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Jilin Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jichen Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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10
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Liu F, Dong J, Kim NY, Lee Z, Ding F. Growth and Selective Etching of Twinned Graphene on Liquid Copper Surface. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103484. [PMID: 34514727 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although grain boundaries (GBs) in two-dimensional (2D) materials have been extensively observed and characterized, their formation mechanism still remains unexplained. Here a general model has reported to elucidate the mechanism of formation of GBs during 2D materials growth. Based on our model, a general method is put forward to synthesize twinned 2D materials on a liquid substrate. Using graphene growth on liquid Cu surface as an example, the growth of twinned graphene has been demonstrated successfully, in which all the GBs are ultra-long straight twin boundaries. Furthermore, well-defined twin boundaries (TBs) are found in graphene that can be selectively etched by hydrogen gas due to the preferential adsorption of hydrogen atoms at high-energy twins. This study thus reveals the formation mechanism of GBs in 2D materials during growth and paves the way to grow various 2D nanostructures with controlled GBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengning Liu
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jichen Dong
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Na Yeon Kim
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Zonghoon Lee
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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11
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Wang L, Ding Y, Wang X, Lai R, Zeng M, Fu L. In Situ Investigation of the Motion Behavior of Graphene on Liquid Copper. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100334. [PMID: 34240577 PMCID: PMC8425870 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The in situ investigation of the dynamic growth process and novel assembly phenomena of graphene on liquid copper (Cu) is of great significance to deeply understand the special behavior of graphene and self-assembly mechanism. Here, the direct observation of the graphene growth and motion behavior on liquid Cu via in situ imaging is reported. Evidence of graphene movement on liquid Cu is offered and it is demonstrated that the translation and rotation behaviors of graphene are affected by the surface condition of liquid Cu. The self-assembly process of graphene array is also revealed by capturing the dynamic changes of graphene in real-time. Further analysis highlights the importance of surface energy of liquid Cu and the interaction between graphene building blocks during the self-assembling process. The growth parameters are also investigated to flexibly control the assembly configuration of graphene arrays. This work provides an insight into the mechanism of graphene motion and assembly behavior that can be used to guide the controllable manipulation of 2D materials and on-demand fabrication assembly structures with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yu Ding
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Xiaozheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Runze Lai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
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12
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Dong J, Zhang L, Wu B, Ding F, Liu Y. Theoretical Study of Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Graphene and Beyond: Challenges and Perspectives. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7942-7963. [PMID: 34387496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted great attention in recent years because of their unique dimensionality and related properties. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), a crucial technique for thin-film epitaxial growth, has become the most promising method of synthesizing 2D materials. Different from traditional thin-film growth, where strong chemical bonds are involved in both thin films and substrates, the interaction in 2D materials and substrates involves the van der Waals force and is highly anisotropic, and therefore, traditional thin-film growth theories cannot be applied to 2D material CVD synthesis. During the last 15 years, extensive theoretical studies were devoted to the CVD synthesis of 2D materials. This Perspective attempts to present a theoretical framework for 2D material CVD synthesis as well as the challenges and opportunities in exploring CVD mechanisms. We hope that this Perspective can provide an in-depth understanding of 2D material CVD synthesis and can further stimulate 2D material synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Leining Zhang
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Bin Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ding
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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13
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Du B, Qiu L, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Rational Design of Self-Supported CuO x -Decorated Composite Films as an Efficient and Easy-Recycling Catalyst for Styrene Oxidation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:18157-18168. [PMID: 34308047 PMCID: PMC8296588 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The applications of graphene-based materials in catalysis are limited by their strong tendency to aggregate, which may lead to a decrease in active sites. Herein, we propose a facile and controllable strategy to fabricate a series of heterogeneous catalysts with a unique nanostructure wherein CuO x -decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets are incorporated into a solid matrix composed of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The resultant materials are self-supported films and could be directly used as catalysts for the liquid-phase oxidation of styrene without the requirement for extra substrates. The employment of PVP-CMC (PC) as the support for CuO x -decorated rGO sheets successfully inhibits their aggregation. Benefiting from the dispersion of copper species, these films exhibit good catalytic activity and recyclability under mild reaction conditions. Especially, they can be conveniently removed from the reaction mixture by tweezers due to their structural stability. For catalyzing multiple reactions with high efficiency and facile recyclability, this study offers a universal strategy to design heterogeneous catalysts based on graphene materials and provides a promising platform.
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14
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Zhang L, Dong J, Ding F. Strategies, Status, and Challenges in Wafer Scale Single Crystalline Two-Dimensional Materials Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6321-6372. [PMID: 34047544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The successful exfoliation of graphene has given a tremendous boost to research on various two-dimensional (2D) materials in the last 15 years. Different from traditional thin films, a 2D material is composed of one to a few atomic layers. While atoms within a layer are chemically bonded, interactions between layers are generally weak van der Waals (vdW) interactions. Due to their particular dimensionality, 2D materials exhibit special electronic, magnetic, mechanical, and thermal properties, not found in their 3D counterparts, and therefore they have great potential in various applications, such as 2D materials-based devices. To fully realize their large-scale practical applications, especially in devices, wafer scale single crystalline (WSSC) 2D materials are indispensable. In this review, we present a detailed overview on strategies toward the synthesis of WSSC 2D materials while highlighting the recent progress on WSSC graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) synthesis. The challenges that need to be addressed in future studies have also been described. In general, there have been two distinct routes to synthesize WSSC 2D materials: (i) allowing only one nucleus on a wafer scale substrate to be formed and developed into a large single crystal and (ii) seamlessly stitching a large number of unidirectionally aligned 2D islands on a wafer scale substrate, which is generally single crystalline. Currently, the synthesis of WSSC graphene has been realized by both routes, and WSSC hBN and MoS2 have been synthesized by route (ii). On the other hand, the growth of other WSSC 2D materials and WSSC multilayer 2D materials still remains a big challenge. In the last section, we wrap up this review by summarizing the future challenges and opportunities in the synthesis of various WSSC 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leining Zhang
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jichen Dong
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Feng Ding
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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15
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Bao X, Behrens M, Ertl G, Fu Q, Knop-Gericke A, Lunkenbein T, Muhler M, Schmidt CM, Trunschke A. A Career in Catalysis: Robert Schlögl. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Malte Behrens
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Solid State Chemistry and Catalysis, Kiel University, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerhard Ertl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Muhler
- Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christoph M. Schmidt
- RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Hohenzollernstraße 1-3, 45128 Essen, Germany
| | - Annette Trunschke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Departments of Physical Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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16
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Iqbal M, Bando Y, Sun Z, Wu KCW, Rowan AE, Na J, Guan BY, Yamauchi Y. In Search of Excellence: Convex versus Concave Noble Metal Nanostructures for Electrocatalytic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004554. [PMID: 33615606 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the shape of noble metal nanoparticles is a challenging but important task in electrocatalysis. Apart from hollow and nanocage structures, concave noble metal nanoparticles are considered a new class of unconventional electrocatalysts that exhibit superior electrocatalytic properties as compared with those of conventional nanoparticles (including convex and flat ones). Herein, several facile and highly reproducible routes for synthesizing nanostructured concave noble metal materials reported in the literature are discussed, together with their advantages over noble metal nanoparticles with convex shapes. In addition, possible ways of optimizing the synthesis procedure and enhancing the electrocatalytic characteristics of concave metal nanoparticles are suggested. Nanostructured noble metals with concave features are found to show better catalytic activity and stability hence improve their practical applicability in electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Iqbal
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, No. 11 Building, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshio Bando
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, No. 11 Building, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales, 2500, Australia
| | - Ziqi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Kevin C-W Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Alan E Rowan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jongbeom Na
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Bu Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Joint Research Center for Future Materials, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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Li L, Mahapatra S, Liu D, Lu Z, Jiang N. On-Surface Synthesis and Molecular Engineering of Carbon-Based Nanoarchitectures. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3578-3585. [PMID: 33606498 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis via covalent coupling of adsorbed precursor molecules on metal surfaces has emerged as a promising strategy for the design and fabrication of novel organic nanoarchitectures with unique properties and potential applications in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, spintronics, catalysis, etc. Surface-chemistry-driven molecular engineering (i.e., bond cleavage, linkage, and rearrangement) by means of thermal activation, light irradiation, and tip manipulation plays critical roles in various on-surface synthetic processes, as exemplified by the work from the Ernst group in a prior issue of ACS Nano. In this Perspective, we highlight recent advances in and discuss the outlook for on-surface syntheses and molecular engineering of carbon-based nanoarchitectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sayantan Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Dairong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Zhongyi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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18
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Chee SW, Lunkenbein T, Schlögl R, Cuenya BR. In situand operandoelectron microscopy in heterogeneous catalysis-insights into multi-scale chemical dynamics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:153001. [PMID: 33825698 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abddfd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review features state-of-the-artin situandoperandoelectron microscopy (EM) studies of heterogeneous catalysts in gas and liquid environments during reaction. Heterogeneous catalysts are important materials for the efficient production of chemicals/fuels on an industrial scale and for energy conversion applications. They also play a central role in various emerging technologies that are needed to ensure a sustainable future for our society. Currently, the rational design of catalysts has largely been hampered by our lack of insight into the working structures that exist during reaction and their associated properties. However, elucidating the working state of catalysts is not trivial, because catalysts are metastable functional materials that adapt dynamically to a specific reaction condition. The structural or morphological alterations induced by chemical reactions can also vary locally. A complete description of their morphologies requires that the microscopic studies undertaken span several length scales. EMs, especially transmission electron microscopes, are powerful tools for studying the structure of catalysts at the nanoscale because of their high spatial resolution, relatively high temporal resolution, and complementary capabilities for chemical analysis. Furthermore, recent advances have enabled the direct observation of catalysts under realistic environmental conditions using specialized reaction cells. Here, we will critically discuss the importance of spatially-resolvedoperandomeasurements and the available experimental setups that enable (1) correlated studies where EM observations are complemented by separate measurements of reaction kinetics or spectroscopic analysis of chemical species during reaction or (2) real-time studies where the dynamics of catalysts are followed with EM and the catalytic performance is extracted directly from the reaction cell that is within the EM column or chamber. Examples of current research in this field will be presented. Challenges in the experimental application of these techniques and our perspectives on the field's future directions will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Wee Chee
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Li Y, Sun L, Liu H, Wang Y, Liu Z. Preparation of single-crystal metal substrates for the growth of high-quality two-dimensional materials. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00923g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances on preparing single-crystal metals and their crucial roles in controlled growth of high-quality 2D materials are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglizhi Li
- Center for Nanochemistry
- Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Luzhao Sun
- Center for Nanochemistry
- Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry
- Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Yuechen Wang
- Center for Nanochemistry
- Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry
- Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
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20
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Abstract
Grain boundaries (GBs) are a kind of lattice imperfection widely existing in two-dimensional materials, playing a critical role in materials' properties and device performance. Related key issues in this area have drawn much attention and are still under intense investigation. These issues include the characterization of GBs at different length scales, the dynamic formation of GBs during the synthesis, the manipulation of the configuration and density of GBs for specific material functionality, and the understanding of structure-property relationships and device applications. This review will provide a general introduction of progress in this field. Several techniques for characterizing GBs, such as direct imaging by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, visualization techniques of GBs by optical microscopy, plasmon propagation, or second harmonic generation, are presented. To understand the dynamic formation process of GBs during the growth, a general geometric approach and theoretical consideration are reviewed. Moreover, strategies controlling the density of GBs for GB-free materials or materials with tunable GB patterns are summarized, and the effects of GBs on materials' properties are discussed. Finally, challenges and outlook are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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Hu K, Yao M, Yang Z, Xiao G, Zhu L, Zhang H, Liu R, Zou B, Liu B. Pressure tuned photoluminescence and band gap in two-dimensional layered g-C 3N 4: the effect of interlayer interactions. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12300-12307. [PMID: 32285075 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01542c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that the photoluminescence (PL) emission color of few layered g-C3N4 (FL-CN) can be tuned from blue to yellow by applying pressure. FL-CN also exhibits an anomalous PL enhancement and obvious change in the light absorption at very low pressure. Further studies reveal that the increase of pressure-induced interlayer interactions affects the charge separation of photo-induced electrons and holes and thus leads to PL enhancement. An obvious decrease in interlayer compressibility probably due to interlayer stacking transition in FL-CN has been observed at above 3 GPa, which becomes less compressible than that of graphite, accompanied by obvious PL intensity weakening and emission band broadening. The results suggest that interlayer interactions may play dominant roles in the optical properties of FL-CN, shedding new insights into our understanding on PL engineering in g-C3N4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.
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