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Williams LM, Cao S. Harnessing and delivering microbial metabolites as therapeutics via advanced pharmaceutical approaches. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 256:108605. [PMID: 38367866 PMCID: PMC10985132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Microbial metabolites have emerged as key players in the interplay between diet, the gut microbiome, and host health. Two major classes, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan (Trp) metabolites, are recognized to regulate inflammatory, immune, and metabolic responses within the host. Given that many human diseases are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and consequent reductions in microbial metabolite production, the administration of these metabolites represents a direct, multi-targeted treatment. While a multitude of preclinical studies showcase the therapeutic potential of both SCFAs and Trp metabolites, they often rely on high doses and frequent dosing regimens to achieve systemic effects, thereby constraining their clinical applicability. To address these limitations, a variety of pharmaceutical formulations approaches that enable targeted, delayed, and/or sustained microbial metabolite delivery have been developed. These approaches, including enteric encapsulations, esterification to dietary fiber, prodrugs, and nanoformulations, pave the way for the next generation of microbial metabolite-based therapeutics. In this review, we first provide an overview of the roles of microbial metabolites in maintaining host homeostasis and outline how compromised metabolite production contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory, metabolic, autoimmune, allergic, infectious, and cancerous diseases. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic potential of metabolites in these disease contexts. Then, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the pharmaceutical strategies that have been employed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of microbial metabolites, with a focus on SCFAs and Trp metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Shijie Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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Montoya-Hernández D, Dufoo-Hurtado E, Cruz-Hernández A, Campos-Vega R. Spent coffee grounds and its antioxidant dietary fiber promote different colonic microbiome signatures: Benefits for subjects with chronodisruption. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106431. [PMID: 37984489 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronodisruption, commonly displayed by people living with obesity (PLO), is linked to colonic microbiota dysbiosis, and may increase the risk of many chronic non-communicable diseases, whereas dietary interventions-called chrononutrition may mitigate it. We evaluated the in vitro effects of spent coffee grounds (SCG), and their antioxidant dietary fiber (SCG-DF) on the colonic microbiota of an obese donor displaying dysbiosis and chronodisruption. Basal microbiota pattern was associated with an increased risk of non-communicable chronic diseases. Both samples decrease species richness and increase microbiota diversity (p < 0.05; Chao and Shannon index, respectively), positively enhancing Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes index (SCG, p < 0.04; SCG-DF, p < 0.02). SCG and SCG-DF modulated the microbiota, but SCG-DF induced greater changes, significantly increasing. p_Actonobacterias (SCG p < 0.04; SCG-DF, p < 0.02), and reducing g_Alistipes; s_putredinis, g_Prevotella;s_copri. The highest increase was displayed by p_Proteobacteria (f_Desulfovibrionaceae and f_Alcanigenaceae, p < 0.05), while g_Haemophilus; s_parainfluenzae decreased (p < 0.05). However, neither SCG nor SCG-DF modulated g_Alistipes (evening-type colonic microbial marker) beneficially. SCG and SCG-DF reduced (p < 0.05) g_Lachnospira, a microbial evening-type marker, among other microbial populations, of an obese donor displaying chronodisruption and dysbiosis. SCG and SCG-DF displayed a prebiotic effect with the potential to mitigate diseases linked to chronodisruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Montoya-Hernández
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, 76010, Qro, Mexico.
| | - Elisa Dufoo-Hurtado
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, 76010, Qro, Mexico.
| | - Andrés Cruz-Hernández
- Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad De La Salle Bajío Campus Campestre, Av. Universidad 602, Col. Lomas del Campestre, León, 37150, Mexico.
| | - Rocio Campos-Vega
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, 76010, Qro, Mexico.
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3
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Huang S, Dong S, Lin L, Ma Q, Xu M, Ni L, Fan Q. Inulin ameliorates metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-fed mice by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid excretion. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1226448. [PMID: 37554983 PMCID: PMC10404850 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1226448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inulin is a natural plant extract that improves metabolic syndrome by modulating the gut microbiota. Changes in the gut microbiota may affect intestinal bile acids. We suggest that inulin may improve metabolism by inducing bile acid excretion by gut microbes. Methods: Male C57/BL mice were fed either a high-fat diet (60% calories) or a regular diet for 16 weeks, with oral inulin (10% w/w). At the end of the experiment, the gene expression levels (FGF15, CD36, Srebp-1c, FASN, and ACC) in the liver and intestines, as well as the serum levels of triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, and free fatty acids, were collected. The expression of FGF15 was examined using Western blot analysis. The fat distribution in the liver and groin was detected by oil red and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Simultaneously, the levels of serum inflammatory factors (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) were detected to explore the side effects of inulin. Results: Inulin significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and decreased body weight and serum TG and LDL levels, in mice fed normal diet. Furthermore, inulin increased the α-diversity of the gut microbiota and increased the fecal bile acid and TG excretion in inulin-treated mice. In addition, inulin significantly reduced lipid accumulation in liver and inguinal fat, white fat weight, and hepatic steatosis. Western blot analysis showed that inulin reduced the expression of FGF15, a bile acid reabsorption protein. Conclusion: Inulin ameliorates the glucose and lipid metabolic phenotypes of mice fed a normal diet, including decreased intestinal lipid absorption, increased glucose tolerance, increased insulin sensitivity, and decreased body weight. These changes may be caused by an increase in bile acid excretion resulting from changes in the gut microbiota that affect intestinal lipid absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiong Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Shiliang Dong
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhen Lin
- Department of Anaesthesia, The First Hospital of Putian City, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Qiming Ma
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengping Xu
- The Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Limei Ni
- Department of General Practice, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Qitong Fan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanchang University Fuzhou Medical College, Fuzhou, China
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Wang Y, Xing X, Ma Y, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Nan B, Li X, Wang Y, Liu J. Prevention of High-Fat-Diet-Induced Dyslipidemia by Lactobacillus plantarum LP104 through Mediating Bile Acid Enterohepatic Axis Circulation and Intestinal Flora. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7334-7347. [PMID: 37097222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the alleviative mechanism of Lactobacillus plantarum LP104 (LP104) isolated from kimchi on high-fat-diet-induced dyslipidemia by targeting the intestinal flora and bile acid (BA) metabolism. Oral administration of LP104 over 8 weeks reduced body weight gain and body fat, as well as ameliorating serum and hepatic dyslipidemia in HFD-fed C57BL/6N mice significantly. LP104 intervention also increased the ileal tauro-α/β-muricholic acid sodium salt (T-α-MCA or T-β-MCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) concentrations to suppress the enterohepatic farnesoid X receptor/fibroblast growth factor 15-fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FXR/FGF15-FGFR4) signaling pathway, which stimulated the hepatic cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) de novo synthesis through using cholesterol. Then, LP104 treatment accelerated BA excretion with the feces and cholesterol efflux to improve HFD-caused hyperlipidemia effectively. The 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing revealed that LP104 promoted intestinal flora rebalance by increasing the abundances of Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium and decreasing the abundance of Oscillospira and Coprococcus. Meanwhile, Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that the differential flora were closely related to BA signaling molecules including CA, CDCA, T-α-MCA, T-β-MCA, and TUDCA after LP104 intervention. These findings provided new evidence that LP104 had the potential to be used as a naturally functional food for the prevention of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xinyue Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yuxuan Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yuling Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Bo Nan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- National Processing Laboratory for Soybean Industry and Technology, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
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Zhao M, Wang B, Li L, Zhao W. Anti-Obesity Effects of Dietary Fibers Extracted from Flaxseed Cake in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071718. [PMID: 37049557 PMCID: PMC10097256 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many efforts have been made to characterize the functional properties of flaxseed, knowledge concerning the properties of insoluble and soluble dietary fibers in flaxseed is still limited. Here, insoluble and soluble dietary fibers were extracted from flaxseed cake—a valuable resource that has not been fully exploited. Subsequently, their monosaccharide compositions, structural properties, and anti-obesity effects in male mice were characterized. The anti-obesity effects of flaxseed cake insoluble dietary fiber (FIDF), flaxseed cake soluble dietary fiber (FSDF), and FIDF combined with FSDF in diet-induced obese mice were investigated in our study. Supplementation with FSDF alone or FIDF and FSDF together lowered the fat accumulation, improved the serum lipid profile, increased the basal metabolism, and improved the gut microbiota of obese mice. Supplementation with FIDF and FSDF together significantly enriched the abundance of g_Akkermansia and g_Bifidobacterium, which are negatively associated with obesity. Supplementation with FIDF alone improved the liver lipid profile, raised the basal metabolism, and enhanced the short-chain fatty acid levels in the guts of the mice. In conclusion, our results collectively support the therapeutic potential of FIDF and FSDF in obesity treatment and indicate that FIDF and FSDF play different roles in the process of obesity treatment. Furthermore, our results provide critical information for flaxseed cake resource exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Guo J, Shi CX, Zhang QQ, Deng W, Zhang LY, Chen Q, Zhang DM, Gong ZJ. Interventions for non-alcoholic liver disease: a gut microbial metabolites perspective. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221138676. [PMID: 36506748 PMCID: PMC9730013 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221138676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a leading burden of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation. Although the exact pathogenesis of NAFLD has not been fully elucidated, recent hypotheses placed more emphasis on the crucial role of the gut microbiome and its derivatives. Reportedly, microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, amino acid metabolites (indole and its derivatives), bile acids (BAs), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and endogenous ethanol exhibit sophisticated bioactive properties. These molecules regulate host lipid, glucose, and BAs metabolic homeostasis via modulating nutrient absorption, energy expenditure, inflammation, and the neuroendocrine axis. Consequently, a broad range of research has studied the therapeutic effects of microbiota-derived metabolites. In this review, we explore the interaction of microbial products and NAFLD. We also discuss the regulatory role of existing NAFLD therapies on metabolite levels and investigate the potential of targeting those metabolites to relieve NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Xia Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Qi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Yi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan-Mei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Amoxicillin impact on pathophysiology induced by short term high salt diet in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19351. [PMID: 36369512 PMCID: PMC9652318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence emerging from both human and animal models confirms that high-salt diet consumption over a period modulates the gut ecology and subsequently accelerates the development of the pathophysiology of many metabolic diseases. The knowledge of short-term intake of a high-salt diet (HSD) on gut microbiota and their role in the progression of metabolic pathogenesis and the consequence of a typical course of common antibiotics in this condition has yet not been investigated. The present study elicited this knowledge gap by studying how the gut microbiota profile changes in mice receiving HSD for a short period followed by Amoxicillin treatment on these mice in the last week to mimic a typical treatment course of antibiotics. In this study, we provided a standard chow diet (CD) and HSD for 3 weeks, and a subset of these mice on both diets received antibiotic therapy with Amoxicillin in the 3rd week. We measured the body weight of mice for 3 weeks. After 21 days, all animals were euthanised and subjected to a thorough examination for haemato-biochemical, histopathological, and 16S rRNA sequencing, followed by bioinformatics analysis to determine any changes in gut microbiota ecology. HSD exposure in mice for short duration even leads to a significant difference in the gut ecology with enrichment of specific gut microbiota crucially linked to developing the pathophysiological features of metabolic disease-related inflammation. In addition, HSD treatment showed a negative impact on haemato-biochemical parameters. However, Amoxicillin treatment in HSD-fed mice restored the blood-biochemical markers near to control values and reshaped gut microbiota known for improving the pathophysiological attributes of metabolic disease related inflammation. This study also observed minimal and insignificant pathological changes in the heart, liver, and kidney in HSD-fed mice.
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Les approches thérapeutiques non invasives de l’obésité : hier, aujourd’hui et demain. NUTR CLIN METAB 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shu X, Chen R, Yang M, Xu J, Gao R, Hu Y, He X, Zhao C. Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Gypenoside-IV Ameliorate Metabolic Disorder and Gut Microbiota in Diet-Induced-Obese Mice. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:367-372. [PMID: 35705767 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-00982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (G. pentaphyllum) is a perennial liana herb of the Cucurbitaceae family which has both nutraceutical and pharmacological functions. The objective of the current study was to investigate the preventative effects of G. pentaphyllum and Gypenoside-IV (GP-IV, a saponin monomer in G. pentaphyllum) on metabolic symptoms in high fat diet induced obese (DIO) mice with gut microbiota dysbiosis. G. pentaphyllum water extract (GPWE, 150 mg/kg•d- 1) and GP-IV (50 mg/kg•d- 1) were orally administered to DIO mice by gavage for 10 weeks. The results showed that both GPWE and GP-IV prevented obesity development by decreasing body weight gain, reducing fat mass/body weight ratio and inhibiting adipocyte hypertrophy. GPWE and GP-IV also improved lipid profile and glucose tolerance effectively. Moreover, GPWE and GP-IV treatments partly restored gut microbiota in DIO mice. Typically, GPWE and GP-IV reduced Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, increased the abundance of certain health-promoting bacteria and reduced the abundance of microbiota that were associated with metabolic disorders. We conclude that GPWE and GP-IV can ameliorate metabolic symptoms possibly via modulating gut microbiota in DIO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Minglan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Ruxin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China.
| | - Changhui Zhao
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062, Changchun, China.
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Fries CM, Haange SB, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Till A, Lammert M, Grasser L, Medawar E, Dietrich A, Horstmann A, von Bergen M, Fenske WK. Metabolic Profile and Metabolite Analyses in Extreme Weight Responders to Gastric Bypass Surgery. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050417. [PMID: 35629921 PMCID: PMC9147451 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery belongs to the most frequently performed surgical therapeutic strategies against adiposity and its comorbidities. However, outcome is limited in a substantial cohort of patients with inadequate primary weight loss or considerable weight regain. In this study, gut microbiota composition and systemically released metabolites were analyzed in a cohort of extreme weight responders after RYGB. Methods: Patients (n = 23) were categorized based on excess weight loss (EWL) at a minimum of two years after RYGB in a good responder (EWL 93 ± 4.3%) or a bad responder group (EWL 19.5 ± 13.3%) for evaluation of differences in metabolic outcome, eating behavior and gut microbiota taxonomy and metabolic activity. Results: Mean BMI was 47.2 ± 6.4 kg/m2 in the bad vs. 26.6 ± 1.2 kg/m2 in the good responder group (p = 0.0001). We found no difference in hunger and satiety sensation, in fasting or postprandial gut hormone release, or in gut microbiota composition between both groups. Differences in weight loss did not reflect in metabolic outcome after RYGB. While fecal and circulating metabolite analyses showed higher levels of propionate (p = 0.0001) in good and valerate (p = 0.04) in bad responders, respectively, conjugated primary and secondary bile acids were higher in good responders in the fasted (p = 0.03) and postprandial state (GCA, p = 0.02; GCDCA, p = 0.02; TCA, p = 0.01; TCDCA, p = 0.02; GDCA, p = 0.05; GUDCA, p = 0.04; TLCA, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Heterogenous weight loss response to RYGB surgery separates from patients’ metabolic outcome, and is linked to unique serum metabolite signatures post intervention. These findings suggest that the level of adiposity reduction alone is insufficient to assess the metabolic success of RYGB surgery, and that longitudinal metabolite profiling may eventually help us to identify markers that could predict individual adiposity response to surgery and guide patient selection and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M. Fries
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.T.); (W.K.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-B.H.); (U.R.-K.); (M.v.B.)
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-B.H.); (U.R.-K.); (M.v.B.)
| | - Andreas Till
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.T.); (W.K.F.)
| | - Mathis Lammert
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.L.); (L.G.); (E.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Linda Grasser
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.L.); (L.G.); (E.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Evelyn Medawar
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.L.); (L.G.); (E.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Visceral and Metabolic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.L.); (L.G.); (E.M.); (A.H.)
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (S.-B.H.); (U.R.-K.); (M.v.B.)
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wiebke K. Fenske
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.T.); (W.K.F.)
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Zhang X, Zhu X, Shi X, Hou Y, Yi Y. Extraction and Purification of Inulin from Jerusalem Artichoke with Response Surface Method and Ion Exchange Resins. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12048-12055. [PMID: 35449954 PMCID: PMC9016842 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inulin is used as an important food ingredient, widely used for its fiber content. In this study the operational extraction variables to obtain higher yields of inulin from Jerusalem artichoke tubers, as well as the optimal conditions, were studied. Response surface methodology and Box-Behnken design were used for optimization of extraction steps. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 74 °C, extraction time 65 min, and ratio of liquid to solid 4 mL/g. Furthermore, series connection of ion-exchange resins were used to purify the extraction solution where the optimal resin combinations were D202 strongly alkaline anion resin, HD-8 strongly acidic cation resin, and D315 weakly alkaline resin while the decolorization rate and decreased salinity reached 99.76 and 93.68, respectively. Under these conditions, the yield of inulin was 85.4 ± 0.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Yantai
Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhu
- Yantai
Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xuejie Shi
- Shandong
Key Lab of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Yang Hou
- Beijing
Dongcheng District Food and Drug Safety Monitoring Center, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuetao Yi
- Yantai
Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
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12
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Mo L, Zhao GL, Li XF, He N, Xiao XL, Xu HX, Yu YG. Biocatalytical Acyl-Modification of Puerarin: Shape Gut Microbiota Profile and Improve Short Chain Fatty Acids Production in Rats. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:44-50. [PMID: 34822099 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota balance and metabolites have become a potentially mechanism in maintaining health. The specific aim of this study was to compare the modulation of puerarin and puerarin acid esters on gut microbial composition and metabolites. Male mice were fed a control diet or diets supplemented with puerarin, puerarin propanoate ester, puerarin hexanoate ester, puerarin myristate ester for 24 h, respectively. The result revealed that puerarin acid esters with different chain lengths showed different activities to create more own impacted bacterial. Puerarin propanoate and puerarin hexanoate ester significantly improved the diversity of microbiota and promoted the relative abundance of beneficial gut microbiota such as Lactobacillus, Barnesiella, Clostridium IV, Prevotella. Additionally, the puerarin propanoate ester group showed the capacity to deliver specific propionic acid to the colon. But esters with medium-long chain lengths had more opportunity to alter gut microbiota for enhancing the short chain fatty acids production. As a whole, puerarin acid esters with different chain lengths supplements shaped different gut microbial and short chain fatty acids metabolism, which could improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Mo
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Guang-Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
| | - Ning He
- The Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Precision Biomedical Devices, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xing-Long Xiao
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Hai-Xia Xu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Yi-Gang Yu
- School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
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13
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Morsali M, Poorolajal J, Shahbazi F, Vahidinia A, Doosti-Irani A. Diet Therapeutics Interventions for Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. J Res Health Sci 2021; 21:e00521. [PMID: 34698655 PMCID: PMC8957686 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2021.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to now, different diet therapeutics interventions have been introduced for the treatment of obesity. The present study aimed to compare the diet therapeutics interventions for obesity simultaneously. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and network meta-analysis METHODS: The major international databases, including Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase, were searched using a predesigned search strategy. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that had compared the diet therapy interventions were included. The mean difference with a 95% confidence interval was used to summarize the effect size in the network meta-analysis. The frequentist approach was used for data analysis. RESULTS In total, 36 RCTs out of 9335 retrieved references met the inclusion criteria in this review. The included RCTs formed nine independent networks. Based on the results, Hypocaloricdiet+Monoselect Camellia (MonCam, P=0.99), energy restriction, behavior modification+exercise (LED) (P=0.99), sweetener at 20% of total calories (HFCS20)+Ex (P=0.67), catechin-richgreentea(650)+inulin (P=0.68), very low calorie diet (VLCD) (P=1.00), normal protein diet+resistance exercise (NPD+RT) (P=0.80), low-calorie diets+exercise (Hyc+Ex) (P=0.85), high-soy-protein low-fat diet (SD) (P=0.75), calorie restriction+behavioral weight loss (Hyc+BWL) (P=0.99) were the better treatments for weight loss in the networks one to nine, respectively. CONCLUSION Based on the results of network meta-analysis, it seems that Hypocaloricdiet+MonCam, LED, HFCS20+Ex, catechin-rich green tea +inulin, VLCD, NPD+RT, Hyc+Ex, SD, Hyc+BWL, are the better treatments for weight loss in patients with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Morsali
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jalal Poorolajal
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shahbazi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Vahidinia
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amin Doosti-Irani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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14
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Milligan G, Barki N, Tobin AB. Chemogenetic Approaches to Explore the Functions of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:191-202. [PMID: 33495026 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids are generated in large amounts by the intestinal microbiota. They activate both the closely related G protein-coupled receptors free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) and free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFA3) that are considered therapeutic targets in diseases of immuno-metabolism. Limited and species-selective small-molecule pharmacology has restricted our understanding of the distinct roles of these receptors. Replacement of mouse FFA2 with a designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug form of human FFA2 (hFFA2-DREADD) has allowed definition of specific roles of FFA2 in pharmacological and physiological studies conducted both ex vivo and in vivo, whilst overlay of murine disease models offers opportunities for therapeutic validation prior to human studies. Similar approaches can potentially be used to define roles of other poorly characterised receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Natasja Barki
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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