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Skonta A, Bellou MG, Matikas TE, Stamatis H. Colorimetric Glucose Biosensor Based on Chitosan Films and Its Application for Glucose Detection in Beverages Using a Smartphone Application. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:299. [PMID: 38920603 PMCID: PMC11201573 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, biosensors are gaining increasing interest in foods' and beverages' quality control, owing to their economic production, enhanced sensitivity, specificity, and faster analysis. In particular, colorimetric biosensors can be combined with color recognition applications on smartphones for the detection of analytes, rendering the whole procedure more applicable in everyday life. Herein, chitosan (CS) films were prepared with the deep eutectic solvent (DES) choline chloride/urea/glycerol (ChCl:U:Gly). Glucose oxidase (GOx), a widely utilized enzyme in quality control, was immobilized within CS films through glutaraldehyde (GA), leading to the formation of CS/GOx films. The optimized GOx concentration and DES content were determined for the films. Moreover, the effect of the pH and temperature of the glucose oxidation reaction on the enzymatic activity of GOx was studied. The structure, stability, and specificity of the CS/GOx films as well as the Km values of free and immobilized GOx were also determined. Finally, the analytical performance of the films was studied by using both a spectrophotometer and a color recognition application on a smartphone. The results demonstrated that the films were highly accurate, specific to glucose, and stable when stored at 4 °C for 4 weeks and when reused 10 times, without evident activity loss. Furthermore, the films displayed a good linear response range (0.1-0.8 mM) and a good limit of detection (LOD, 33 μM), thus being appropriate for the estimation of glucose concentration in real samples through a smartphone application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Skonta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.S.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Myrto G. Bellou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.S.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Theodore E. Matikas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.S.); (M.G.B.)
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Tikhonov BB, Lisichkin DR, Sulman AM, Sidorov AI, Bykov AV, Lugovoy YV, Karpenkov AY, Bronstein LM, Matveeva VG. Magnetic Nanoparticle Support with an Ultra-Thin Chitosan Layer Preserves the Catalytic Activity of the Immobilized Glucose Oxidase. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:700. [PMID: 38668193 PMCID: PMC11054521 DOI: 10.3390/nano14080700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Here, we developed magnetically recoverable biocatalysts based on magnetite nanoparticles coated with an ultra-thin layer (about 0.9 nm) of chitosan (CS) ionically cross-linked by sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Excessive CS amounts were removed by multiple washings combined with magnetic separation. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was attached to the magnetic support via the interaction with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in the presence of carbodiimide (EDC) leading to a covalent amide bond. These steps result in the formation of the biocatalyst for D-glucose oxidation to D-gluconic acid to be used in the preparation of pharmaceuticals due to the benign character of the biocatalyst components. To choose the catalyst with the best catalytic performance, the amounts of CS, TPP, NHS, EDC, and GOx were varied. The optimal biocatalyst allowed for 100% relative catalytic activity. The immobilization of GOx and the magnetic character of the support prevents GOx and biocatalyst loss and allows for repeated use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris B. Tikhonov
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Str., 170026 Tver, Russia; (B.B.T.); (D.R.L.); (A.M.S.); (A.I.S.); (A.V.B.); (Y.V.L.)
| | - Daniil R. Lisichkin
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Str., 170026 Tver, Russia; (B.B.T.); (D.R.L.); (A.M.S.); (A.I.S.); (A.V.B.); (Y.V.L.)
| | - Alexandrina M. Sulman
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Str., 170026 Tver, Russia; (B.B.T.); (D.R.L.); (A.M.S.); (A.I.S.); (A.V.B.); (Y.V.L.)
| | - Alexander I. Sidorov
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Str., 170026 Tver, Russia; (B.B.T.); (D.R.L.); (A.M.S.); (A.I.S.); (A.V.B.); (Y.V.L.)
| | - Alexey V. Bykov
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Str., 170026 Tver, Russia; (B.B.T.); (D.R.L.); (A.M.S.); (A.I.S.); (A.V.B.); (Y.V.L.)
| | - Yury V. Lugovoy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Str., 170026 Tver, Russia; (B.B.T.); (D.R.L.); (A.M.S.); (A.I.S.); (A.V.B.); (Y.V.L.)
| | - Alexey Y. Karpenkov
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Tver State University, Zhelyabova St., 33, 170100 Tver, Russia;
| | - Lyudmila M. Bronstein
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Str., 170026 Tver, Russia; (B.B.T.); (D.R.L.); (A.M.S.); (A.I.S.); (A.V.B.); (Y.V.L.)
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Valentina G. Matveeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina Str., 170026 Tver, Russia; (B.B.T.); (D.R.L.); (A.M.S.); (A.I.S.); (A.V.B.); (Y.V.L.)
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Song J, Vikulina AS, Parakhonskiy BV, Skirtach AG. Hierarchy of hybrid materials. Part-II: The place of organics- on-inorganics in it, their composition and applications. Front Chem 2023; 11:1078840. [PMID: 36762189 PMCID: PMC9905839 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1078840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid materials or hybrids incorporating organic and inorganic constituents are emerging as a very potent and promising class of materials due to the diverse but complementary nature of their properties. This complementarity leads to a perfect synergy of properties of the desired materials and products as well as to an extensive range of their application areas. Recently, we have overviewed and classified hybrid materials describing inorganics-in-organics in Part-I (Saveleva, et al., Front. Chem., 2019, 7, 179). Here, we extend that work in Part-II describing organics-on-inorganics, i.e., inorganic materials modified by organic moieties, their structure and functionalities. Inorganic constituents comprise of colloids/nanoparticles and flat surfaces/matrices comprise of metallic (noble metal, metal oxide, metal-organic framework, magnetic nanoparticles, alloy) and non-metallic (minerals, clays, carbons, and ceramics) materials; while organic additives can include molecules (polymers, fluorescence dyes, surfactants), biomolecules (proteins, carbohydtrates, antibodies and nucleic acids) and even higher-level organisms such as cells, bacteria, and microorganisms. Similarly to what was described in Part-I, we look at similar and dissimilar properties of organic-inorganic materials summarizing those bringing complementarity and composition. A broad range of applications of these hybrid materials is also presented whose development is spurred by engaging different scientific research communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Song
- Nano-BioTechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,*Correspondence: Junnan Song, ; Bogdan V. Parakhonskiy, ; Andre G. Skirtach,
| | - Anna S. Vikulina
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bogdan V. Parakhonskiy
- Nano-BioTechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,*Correspondence: Junnan Song, ; Bogdan V. Parakhonskiy, ; Andre G. Skirtach,
| | - Andre G. Skirtach
- Nano-BioTechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,*Correspondence: Junnan Song, ; Bogdan V. Parakhonskiy, ; Andre G. Skirtach,
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Concha D, Rodríguez-Núñez K, Castillo L, Martínez R, Bernal C. Galactaric acid production by engineering substrate specificity in glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yi J, Han X, Gao F, Cai L, Chen Y, Deng X, Li X, Xue J, Zhou H. A novel metal–organic framework of Ba–hemin with enhanced cascade activity for sensitive glucose detection. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20544-20549. [PMID: 35919131 PMCID: PMC9284537 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02778j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Early glucose detection is important in both healthy people and diabetic patients. Glucose biosensing based on glucose oxidase (GOX) is a common method. However, native proteins are mostly membrane impermeable and are prone to degradation in complex sample environments. Herein, we report a facile one-step biomineralization method by simply mixing aqueous solutions of hemin and barium nitrate with glucose oxidase (GOX) to form Ba–hemin@GOX composites. Glucose (Glu) is introduced through self-driven sampling to trigger the GOX-catalysed production of hydrogen peroxide, which could help the subsequent 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation reaction catalysed by Ba–hemin to yield the blue-coloured product. The sensor exhibited a detection limit as low as 3.08 μM. The operability and accuracy of the Ba–hemin@GOX biosensor were confirmed by the quantitative determination of glucose in real samples, such as tap water, serum and drinks. Moreover, the Ba–hemin@GOX-based colorimetric biosensor showed good selectivity, storage stability and recoverability. The experimental results reveal that a GOX activity of more than 90% was still maintained even after being incubated at 60 °C for 30 minutes, and Ba–hemin@GOX could be reused for glucose detection at least six times. Even after 30 days of storage, the relative activity was still more than 90%. Overall, the developed Ba–hemin@GOX biosensor provides a valuable and general platform for applications in colorimetric biosensing and medical diagnostics. The Ba–hemin@GOX composite is used for sensitive glucose detection.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Yi
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Xianqin Han
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Fengying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Le Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Xiulong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Xun Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
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Meena J, Gupta A, Ahuja R, Singh M, Panda AK. Recent advances in nano-engineered approaches used for enzyme immobilization with enhanced activity. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Matveeva VG, Bronstein LM. Magnetic Nanoparticle-Containing Supports as Carriers of Immobilized Enzymes: Key Factors Influencing the Biocatalyst Performance. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092257. [PMID: 34578573 PMCID: PMC8469579 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this short review (Perspective), we identify key features of the performance of biocatalysts developed by the immobilization of enzymes on the supports containing magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), analyzing the scientific literature for the last five years. A clear advantage of magnetic supports is their easy separation due to the magnetic attraction between magnetic NPs and an external magnetic field, facilitating the biocatalyst reuse. This allows for savings of materials and energy in the biocatalytic process. Commonly, magnetic NPs are isolated from enzymes either by polymers, silica, or some other protective layer. However, in those cases when iron oxide NPs are in close proximity to the enzyme, the biocatalyst may display a fascinating behavior, allowing for synergy of the performance due to the enzyme-like properties shown in iron oxides. Another important parameter which is discussed in this review is the magnetic support porosity, especially in hierarchical porous supports. In the case of comparatively large pores, which can freely accommodate enzyme molecules without jeopardizing their conformation, the enzyme surface ordering may create an optimal crowding on the support, enhancing the biocatalytic performance. Other factors such as surface-modifying agents or special enzyme reactor designs can be also influential in the performance of magnetic NP based immobilized enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina G. Matveeva
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina St, 170026 Tver, Russia;
- Regional Technological Centre, Tver State University, Zhelyabova Str., 33, 170100 Tver, Russia
| | - Lyudmila M. Bronstein
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemistry, Tver State Technical University, 22 A. Nikitina St, 170026 Tver, Russia;
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Av., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80303, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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Fang L, Xu Y, Xu L, Shi T, Ma X, Wu X, Li QX, Hua R. Enhanced biodegradation of organophosphorus insecticides in industrial wastewater via immobilized Cupriavidus nantongensis X1 T. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142505. [PMID: 33038839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is an important organophosphorus insecticide. It is highly toxic to mammals and can pollute the environment. Cupriavidus nantongensis X1T can efficiently degrade chlorpyrifos. Immobilization technology can also improve the viability, stability and catalytic ability of bacteria. In this study, strain X1T was, therefore, captured on various composite immobilized carriers, sodium alginate (SA), diatomite (KLG), chitosan (CTS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The four types of immobilized beads (SA, SA + KLG, SA + CTS and SA + PVA) could form a slice and honeycomb structure to capture strain X1T. The results showed that SA + CTS (SC) was an optimal material combination for the immobilization of strain X1T to degrade chlorpyrifos. Compared with SA-X1T, after adding CTS, the specific surface area and adsorption capacity for chlorpyrifos were increased 3.4 and 1.7 fold, respectively. SC-X1T could degrade 96.6% of chlorpyrifos at 20 mg/L within 24 h and the degradation rate constant was 4.8 fold greater than immobilized strain LLBD2, a well-studied chlorpyrifos-degrading strain. The immobilized beads SC-X1T also showed a more stable and greater degradation ability than X1T free cells for chlorpyrifos in industrial wastewater. The synergy of adsorption and degradation of immobilized strain X1T is suitable for in-situ remediation of chlorpyrifos contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liancheng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yimin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Luyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Taozhong Shi
- Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States
| | - Rimao Hua
- Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, School of Resource & Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
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Aggarwal S, Chakravarty A, Ikram S. A comprehensive review on incredible renewable carriers as promising platforms for enzyme immobilization & thereof strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:962-986. [PMID: 33186644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are the highly versatile bio-catalysts having the potential for being employed in biotechnological and industrial sectors to catalyze biosynthetic reactions over a commercial point of view. Immobilization of enzymes has improved catalytic properties, retention activities, thermal and storage stabilities as well as reusabilities of enzymes in synthetic environments that have enthralled significant attention over the past few years. Dreadful efforts have been emphasized on the renewable and synthetic supports/composite materials to reserve their inherent characteristics such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, accessibility of numerous reactive sites for profitable immobilization of biological molecules that often serve diverse applications in the pharmaceutical, environmental, and energy sectors. Supports should be endowed with unique physicochemical properties including high specific surface area, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, enantioselectivities, multivalent functionalization which professed them as competent carriers for enzyme immobilization. Organic, inorganic, and nano-based platforms are more potent, stable, highly recovered even after used for continuous catalytic processes, broadly renders the enzymes to get efficiently immobilized to develop an inherent bio-catalytic system that displays higher activities as compared to free-counter parts. This review highlights the recent advances or developments on renewable and synthetic matrices that are utilized for the immobilization of enzymes to deliver emerging applications around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Aggarwal
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Archana Chakravarty
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Saiqa Ikram
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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