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Bisen AC, Sanap SN, Agrawal S, Biswas A, Mishra A, Verma SK, Singh V, Bhatta RS. Etiopathology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Fungal Keratitis. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2356-2380. [PMID: 38847789 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Fungal keratitis (FK) is a severe ocular condition resulting from corneal infection that is prevalent in tropical countries, particularly in developing regions of Asia and Africa. Factors like corneal lens misuse, inappropriate steroid use, and diagnostic challenges have provoked the epidemic. FK causes significant vision impairment, scarring, and ocular deformities. Accurate pathological diagnosis is crucial for effective therapeutic intervention. Topical antifungal therapy with surface healing medications proves effective in preventing fungal-borne ulcers. Managing FK requires a comprehensive understanding of fungal pathogenesis, guiding formulation strategies and preventive measures to curb global ocular blindness. This review provides in-depth insights into FK, covering etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions, antifungal resistance, limitations, prevention, and future perspectives on ocular surface disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sachin Nashik Sanap
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Sristi Agrawal
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Arpon Biswas
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sarvesh Kumar Verma
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Vaishali Singh
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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2
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Bisen AC, Mishra A, Agrawal S, Sanap SN, Biswas A, Verma SK, Bhatta RS. Codetermination of antimicrobial agents in rabbit tear fluid using LC-MS/MS assay: Insights into ocular pharmacokinetic study. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2024; 59:e5031. [PMID: 38726684 DOI: 10.1002/jms.5031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Managing ocular microbial infections typically requires pharmacotherapy using antibiotic eye drops, such as moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MFX), combined with an antifungal agent like amphotericin B (AB). We carried out and validated an LC-MS/MS assay to quantify these compounds in rabbit tear fluid in order to look into the pharmacokinetics of these two drugs. We employed a protein precipitation technique for the extraction of drugs under examination. A Waters Symmetry C18 column was used to separate the analytes and internal standard. The composition of the mobile phase was like (A) 0.1% v/v formic acid in water and (B) methanol. The detection of MFX and AB was accomplished through the utilization of positive ion electrospray ionization under multiple reaction monitoring mode. The linearity curves for both analytes exhibited an acceptable trendline across a concentration range of 2.34-300 ng/mL for MFX and 7.81-1000 ng/mL for AB in surrogate rabbit tear fluid. The lower limit of quantitation for MFX was 2.34 ng/mL, while for AB, it was 7.81 ng/mL. The approach was strictly validated, encompassing tests of selectivity, linearity (with r2 > 0.99), precision, accuracy, matrix effects, and stability. Consequently, we employed this method to evaluate the pharmacokinetics profiles of MFX and AB in rabbit tear fluid following single topical doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sristi Agrawal
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sachin Nashik Sanap
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arpon Biswas
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarvesh Kumar Verma
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Higgins C, Cohen ND, Slovis N, Boersma M, Gaonkar PP, Golden DR, Huber L. Antimicrobial Residue Accumulation Contributes to Higher Levels of Rhodococcus equi Carrying Resistance Genes in the Environment of Horse-Breeding Farms. Vet Sci 2024; 11:92. [PMID: 38393110 PMCID: PMC10892917 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial residues excreted in the environment following antimicrobial treatment enhance resistant microbial communities in the environment and have long-term effects on the selection and maintenance of antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRGs). In this study, we focused on understanding the impact of antimicrobial use on antimicrobial residue pollution and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment of horse-breeding farms. Rhodococcus equi is an ideal microbe to study these associations because it lives naturally in the soil, exchanges AMRGs with other bacteria in the environment, and can cause disease in animals and humans. The environment is the main source of R. equi infections in foals; therefore, higher levels of multidrug-resistant (MDR) R. equi in the environment contribute to clinical infections with MDR R. equi. We found that macrolide residues in the environment of horse-breeding farms and the use of thoracic ultrasonographic screening (TUS) for early detection of subclinically affected foals with R. equi infections were strongly associated with the presence of R. equi carrying AMRGs in the soil. Our findings indicate that the use of TUS contributed to historically higher antimicrobial use in foals, leading to the accumulation of antimicrobial residues in the environment and enhancing MDR R. equi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Higgins
- Pathobiology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36832, USA (P.P.G.)
| | - Noah D. Cohen
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Nathan Slovis
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, KY 40511, USA
| | - Melissa Boersma
- College of Sciences and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Pankaj P. Gaonkar
- Pathobiology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36832, USA (P.P.G.)
| | - Daniel R. Golden
- Pathobiology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36832, USA (P.P.G.)
| | - Laura Huber
- Pathobiology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36832, USA (P.P.G.)
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Mishra A, Choudhury AD, Biswas A, Singh V, Verma S, Bisen AC, Kumar M, Bhatta RS. Concurrent determination of anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory drugs in lachrymal fluid and tissue by LC-MS/MS: A potential treatment for microbial keratitis and its PK-PD evaluation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 239:115920. [PMID: 38113826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Unforeseen surfacing of microbial keratitis (MKT) over the years has led to a requisite for promising treatment strategy involving combination of antifungal and antibacterial agents. Subsequently, symptoms associated with MKT including inflammation and watery eyes require treatment with anti-inflammatory agents. Thus, a requirement of functional clinical treatment strategy involving combination of anti-inflammatory corticosteroids (Betamethasone) with antifungal polyene (Amphotericin B, AmB) and antibacterials macrolide (Azithromycin, AZT) and aminoglycoside (Neomycin, NEO). In the ensuing pursuit, a sensitive and fast simultaneous LC-MS/MS method of four drastically different analytes in rabbit tear fluid and cornea was developed and validated as per US-FDA guidelines. The gradient LC set-up was used with C18 column and flow rate of 0.55 mL/min along with short run time of 7 min. The calibration curves showed good linearity over the concentration range of 0.07-300 ng/mL, 1.00-400 ng/mL, 3.00-600 ng/mL and 8.00-900 ng/mL for AZT, AmB, NEO and BEM respectively. The bioanalytical method requires only 10 µL of ocular sample and analytes were extracted with fast protein precipitation with acidic methanol. Finally, the developed method was validated for selectivity, linearity (r2 > 0.99), precision, accuracy, matrix effects, and stability. PK-PD indices and dosing frequency was predicted using Phoenix WinNonlin Software, based on single dose ocular pharmacokinetics and MIC values of AmB, AZT and NEO. According to the PK-PD simulation, S. aureus and E. coli required 6 and 12 instillations of AZT per 24 h, respectively whereas 12 instillation of NEO requires per 24 h for S. aureus. The result suggests that to minimize antimicrobial resistance; drug, dose and dosing schedule depend upon the pathogen as well as the strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Mishra
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Abhijit Deb Choudhury
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Arpon Biswas
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vaishali Singh
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sarvesh Verma
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Bisen AC, Bhatta RS. Ocular bioanalysis of moxifloxacin and ketorolac tromethamine in rabbit lacrimal matrix using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:219-232. [PMID: 38197429 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: The fixed-dose combination of moxifloxacin (MOXI) and ketorolac tromethamine (KTR) is widely used for the treatment of bacterial keratitis. Thus, a new LC-MS/MS method was developed to determine MOXI and KTR in lacrimal fluid. Methods: Bioanalysis was performed using a Shimadzu 8050 LC-MS/MS in electrospray ionization-positive mode and the method was validated per US FDA guidelines. Isocratic separation was performed with a Waters Symmetry C18 column using methanol and 0.1% formic acid containing deionized water (85:15, v/v). Results & conclusion: An easy, quick and selective method was established and applied to assess the ocular pharmacokinetic profile of a commercially available formulation containing MOXI and KTR. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, this work describes pharmacokinetics-based dosage regimen calculations and their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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Chhatrapati Bisen A, Nashik Sanap S, Agrawal S, Biswas A, Sankar Bhatta R. Chemical metabolite synthesis and profiling: Mimicking in vivo biotransformation reactions. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106722. [PMID: 37453238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation was previously viewed as merely the structural characterization of drug metabolites, and it was performed only when drug candidates entered clinical development. The synthesis of drug metabolites is crucial to the drug development process because it generates either pharmacologically active, inactive, or reactive molecules and hence their characterization and comprehensive pharmacological evaluation is necessary. The chemical metabolite synthesis is very challenging due to the complex structures of many drug molecules, presence of multiple stereocenters, poor reaction yields, and the formation of unwanted by-products. Drug metabolites and their chemical synthesis have immense significance in the drug discovery process. The chemical synthesis of metabolites facilitates on- or off-target pharmacological and toxicological evaluations at the easiest. In a broader view metabolite could be a target lead molecule for drug design, toxic reactive metabolites, pharmaceutical standards for bioanalytical methods, etc. Collectively these metabolite information dossiers will aid regulatory agencies such as the EMA and FDA in maintaining strict vigilance over drug manufacturers with regard to the safety of NCE's and their hidden metabolites. Herein, we are presenting a systematic compilation of chemical and biocatalytic strategies reported to date for pharmaceutical drug metabolite synthesis. This review report is very useful for the laboratory synthesis of new drug metabolites, and their preclinical biological evaluation could aid in the detection of early threats (alerts) in drug discovery, eliminate the toxicity profile, explore newer pharmacology, and delivering a promising and safe drug candidate to humankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Sachin Nashik Sanap
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Sristi Agrawal
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Arpon Biswas
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Gbylik-Sikorska M, Gajda A, Felipe-Sotelo M, Caniça M, Cabal-Rosel A, Tenson T, Kořínková M, Arbo K, Kisand V, Rab G, Brandtner M. Investigation of 29 Antimicrobial Compounds in Soil Using Newly Developed UHPLC-MS/MS Method. Molecules 2023; 28:6496. [PMID: 37764271 PMCID: PMC10534473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While the prudent and reasonable use of veterinary antimicrobial agents in food-producing animals is necessary, researchers over the decades have shown that these antimicrobial agents can spread into the environment through livestock manure and wastewater. The analysis of the occurrence of antimicrobial compounds in soil samples is of a great importance to determine potential impacts on human and animal health and the environment. In this study, an affordable, rugged and simple analytical method has been developed for the determination of twenty-nine antimicrobial compounds from five different classes (tetracyclines, fluoro(quinolones), macrolides, sulfonamides and diaminopirimidines). Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with extract filtration combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was the best strategy for the simultaneous determination of all analytes. The developed method was validated according to the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/808. The limit of detections (LODs) ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 µg/kg, while the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was established at 1.0 to 20.0 µg/kg. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of antimicrobial residues in one hundred and eighteen soil samples obtained from four European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, Estonia and Portugal). Doxycycline in the concentration levels of 9.07 µg/kg-20.6 µg/kg was detected in eight of the analysed samples. Samples were collected from areas where natural fertilizers (swine or cow manure) were applied. Our method can be efficiently used to monitor anti-microbial compounds in soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Gbylik-Sikorska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland;
| | - Anna Gajda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland;
| | - Monica Felipe-Sotelo
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adriana Cabal-Rosel
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), 1220 Vienna, Austria; (A.C.-R.); (M.B.)
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu (UT), 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (T.T.); (K.A.); (V.K.)
| | - Marta Kořínková
- National Institute of Public Health—(NIPH), 10042 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Krõõt Arbo
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu (UT), 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (T.T.); (K.A.); (V.K.)
| | - Veljo Kisand
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu (UT), 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (T.T.); (K.A.); (V.K.)
| | - Gerhard Rab
- Institute for Land and Water Management Research, Federal Agency for Water Management, 3252 Petzenkirchen, Austria;
| | - Martin Brandtner
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), 1220 Vienna, Austria; (A.C.-R.); (M.B.)
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Liu H, Dong H, Guo L, Jin Y, Liu L. The Effect of Dihydromyricetin on the Pharmacokinetics of Fluconazole in Sprague-Dawley Rat Plasma, Based on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:2657-2667. [PMID: 37670905 PMCID: PMC10476617 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s415813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The synergistic effect of dihydromyricetin (DHM) and fluconazole (FLC) can improve the killing effect of FLC-resistant Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo. However, it is not clear whether DHM affects the pharmacokinetic characteristics of FLC. Methods In this study, 12 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups as follows: (1) an FLC group in which rats were administered FLC only (42 mg/kg orally); (2) an FLC with the combined administration of DHM group, in which rats received an equivalent FLC dose immediately following the administration of DHM (100 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected from the ocular choroid vein of rats and converted into plasma. The concentrations of FLC in the rat plasma were then determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), and the related pharmacokinetic parameters were analysed. The initial mobile phase included 0.1% acetonitrile and water with gradient elution. Multiple reaction monitoring modes of m/z 307.2→220.1 for FLC, and m/z 237.1→194.2 for carbamazepine, were utilised to conduct quantitative analysis. Results The calibration curve of FLC in rat plasma demonstrated good linearity in the range of 0.1-30 μg/mL (r > 0.99), and the lower limit of quantification was 0.1 μg/mL. Moreover, the intra- and inter-day precision relative standard deviation of FLC was less than 9.09% and 6.51%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters between the two groups. Conclusion The results showed that DHM administration did not significantly alter FLC pharmacokinetics in SD rat plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaihuai Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangjun Guo
- Department of Drug and Equipment, The 72st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Huzhou, 313000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Bisen AC, Agrawal S, Sanap SN, Ravi Kumar HG, Kumar N, Gupta R, Bhatta RS. COVID-19 retreats and world recovers: A silver lining in the dark cloud. HEALTH CARE SCIENCE 2023; 2:264-285. [PMID: 38939523 PMCID: PMC11080794 DOI: 10.1002/hcs2.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which the World Health Organization classified as the Sixth Public Health Emergency Of International Concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020, is no longer a PHEIC. Millions were affected due to unawareness. The increase in fatalities and shortage of medicine was the first outrage of COVID-19. As per the Johns Hopkins COVID-19 resource center database, it was observed that the disease has spread dynamically across 200+ nations worldwide affecting more than 600 million people from 2019 to 2023, and over thousands of people were victimized regularly at a 2% mortality rate (approx.). In the midway, the mutant variants of concern like omicron, and delta have also created havoc and caused significant impact on public health, global economy, and lifestyle. Since 2019, 3 years now passed and the dynamic disease statistics seem decelerated; moreover, the prevalence of COVID-19 is also fading. The Johns Hopkins resource center has also stopped recording the data of the global pandemic recently from March 10, 2023. Hence, based on the facts, we are presenting a concise report on the pandemic from 2019 to 2023, which includes a brief discussion of the global pandemic. We have highlighted global epidemiology, emphasizing the Indian COVID scenario, vaccination across the globe, and the psychosocial and geopolitical consequences of COVID-19 with a brief background to pathology, clinical management, and the worldwide response against triage. A lot has changed and still needs to change after three tough years of COVID-19. Even though science has progressed and advanced research in medicine is pointing toward future generations, there is no standard care supplied for COVID-19-like calamities. COVID-19 cases might have declined but its influence on the society is still stagnant. This COVID experience has taught us that, despite our bleak beginnings, there is always hope for the future and that we must act with foresight to improve things for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics DivisionCSIR—Central Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Sristi Agrawal
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics DivisionCSIR—Central Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Sachin Nashik Sanap
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics DivisionCSIR—Central Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
| | | | - Nelam Kumar
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology DivisionCSIR—Central Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Present address:
International Centre for Translational Eye Research (ICTER)Institute of Physical Chemistry (IChF)Marcina Kasprzaka 44/5201‐224WarsawPoland
| | - Rajdeep Gupta
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics DivisionCSIR—Central Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics DivisionCSIR—Central Drug Research InstituteLucknowUttar PradeshIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)GhaziabadUttar PradeshIndia
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10
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Li F, Luo J, Zhu B, Liu Z. Pretreatment Methods for the Determination of Antibiotics Residues in Food Samples and Detected by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Detectors: A Review. J Chromatogr Sci 2022; 60:991-1003. [PMID: 35675650 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing use of antibiotics worldwide, antibiotic monitoring has become a topic of concern. After metabolizing of antibiotics in animals, the metabolites enter the environment through excreta or ingested by the human body via food chain that may exacerbate the emergence of antibiotic resistance and then threaten human's life. This article summarized several analytical methods used for the determination of antibiotics in recent 10 years. Due to the complex matrices and low concentration level of antibiotics in the food samples, a reliable analysis method is required to maximize the recovery rate. Several techniques like solid phase extraction (SPE), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and QuEChERS have been frequently used in the pretreatment process for analytes extraction and concentration. After the pretreatment, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry has been a reliable method for quantitative analysis and is able to determine multiple antibiotics simultaneously. This review also gives an overview about analytical conditions for antibiotics residues in different food samples and their method validation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jinwen Luo
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.,Sinopep-Allsino Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Zhejiang Institute of Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China
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Ben Ali Hassine C, Güngör Ö, Burç M, Özcan İ, Köytepe S, Titretir Duran S. Electrochemical determination of ceftriaxone using polyurethane-modified electrode containing caffeic acid and chitosan. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.2005092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chedia Ben Ali Hassine
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Özyeğin University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Öznur Güngör
- Chemistry Department, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Muammer Burç
- Chemistry Department, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İmren Özcan
- Chemistry Department, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Köytepe
- Chemistry Department, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Serap Titretir Duran
- Chemistry Department, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey
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Abstract
Antibiotics, nowadays, are not only used for the treatment of human diseases but also used in animal and poultry farming to increase production. Overuse of antibiotics leads to their circulation in the food chain due to unmanaged discharge. These circulating antibiotics and their residues are a major cause of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), so comprehensive and multifaceted measures aligning with the One Health approach are crucial to curb the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance through the food chain. Different chromatographic techniques and capillary electrophoresis (CE) are being widely used for the separation and detection of antibiotics and their residues from food samples. However, the matrix present in food samples interferes with the proper detection of the antibiotics, which are present in trace concentrations. This review is focused on the scientific literature published in the last decade devoted to the detection of antibiotics in food products. Various extraction methods are employed for the enrichment of antibiotics from a wide variety of food samples; however, solid-phase extraction (SPE) techniques are often used for the extraction of antibiotics from food products and biological samples. In addition, this review has scrutinized how changing instrumental composition, organization, and working parameters in the chromatography and CE can greatly impact the identification and quantification of antibiotic residues. This review also summarized recent advancements in other detection methods such as immunological assays, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based assays, and biosensors which have emerged as rapid, sensitive, and selective tools for accurate detection and quantification of traces of antibiotics.
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