Chemical Vapor Synthesis of Nonagglomerated Nickel Nanoparticles by In-Flight Coating

Synthesis of Bioactive Nickel Nanoparticles Using Bacterial Strains from an Antarctic Consortium

Marine microorganisms have been demonstrated to be an important source for bioactive molecules. In this paper we report the synthesis of Ni nanoparticles (NiSNPs) used as reducing and capping agents for five bacterial strains isolated from an Antarctic marine consortium: Marinomonas sp. ef1, Rhodococcus sp. ef1, Pseudomonas sp. ef1, Brevundimonas sp. ef1, and Bacillus sp. ef1. The NiSNPs were characterized by Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. The maximum absorbances in the UV-Vis spectra were in the range of 374 nm to 422 nm, corresponding to the Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Nickel. DLS revealed NiSNPs with sizes between 40 and 45 nm. All NiSNPs were polycrystalline with a face-centered cubic lattice, as revealed by XRD analyses. The NiSNPs zeta potential values were highly negative. TEM analysis showed that the NiSNPs were either spherical or rod shaped, well segregated, and with a size between 20 and 50 nm. The FTIR spectra revealed peaks of amino acid and protein binding to the NiSNPs. Finally, all the NiSNPs possess significant antimicrobial activity, which may play an important role in the management of infectious diseases affecting human health.

Synthesis of Manganese Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles in Medical-Grade Silicone for MRI Applications

The aim of this project is to fabricate hydrogen-rich silicone doped with magnetic nanoparticles for use as a temperature change indicator in magnetic resonance imaging-guided (MRIg) thermal ablations. To avoid clustering, the particles of mixed MnZn ferrite were synthesized directly in a medical-grade silicone polymer solution. The particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, temperature-dependent nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry (20 °C to 60 °C, at 3.0 T), and magnetic resonance imaging (at 3.0 T). Synthesized nanoparticles were the size of 4.4 nm ± 2.1 nm and exhibited superparamagnetic behavior. Bulk silicone material showed a good shape stability within the study’s temperature range. Embedded nanoparticles did not influence spin–lattice relaxation, but they shorten the longer component of spin–spin nuclear relaxation times of silicone’s protons. However, these protons exhibited an extremely high r2* relaxivity (above 1200 L s−1 mmol−1) due to the presence of particles, with a moderate decrease in the magnetization with temperature. With an increased temperature decrease of r2*, this ferro–silicone can be potentially used as a temperature indicator in high-temperature MRIg ablations (40 °C to 60 °C).

Sulfur-Mediated Synthesis of Spherical Nickel Nanoparticles in a Chemical Vapor Reactor

In this study, we investigated the effect of the sulfur content in the NiCl₂ precursor on the shape of nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NPs) prepared by chemical vapor synthesis. We obtained spherical Ni-NPs when using anhydrous NiCl₂ mixed with NiSO₄ or Na₂SO₄ with a molar ratio of 0.002 as precursors without changing any other process parameters whereas faceted Ni-NPs when using only anhydrous NiCl₂ as a precursor. First-principles calculations supported experimental results, which showed that NiSO₄-mixed NiCl₂ and Na₂SO₄-mixed NiCl₂ precursors favored the growth of spherical NPs.

A statistical method to optimize the chemical etching process of zinc oxide thin films

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an attractive material for microscale and nanoscale devices. Its desirable semiconductor, piezoelectric and optical properties make it useful in applications ranging from microphones to missile warning systems to biometric sensors. This work introduces a demonstration of blending statistics and chemical etching of thin films to identify the dominant factors and interaction between factors, and develop statistically enhanced models on etch rate and selectivity of c-axis-oriented nanocrystalline ZnO thin films. Over other mineral acids, ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) solutions have commonly been used to wet etch microscale ZnO devices because of their controllable etch rate and near-linear behaviour. Etchant concentration and temperature were found to have a significant effect on etch rate. Moreover, this is the first demonstration that has identified multi-factor interactions between temperature and concentration, and between temperature and agitation. A linear model was developed relating etch rate and its variance against these significant factors and multi-factor interactions. An average selectivity of 73 : 1 was measured with none of the experimental factors having a significant effect on the selectivity. This statistical study captures the significant variance observed by other researchers. Furthermore, it enables statistically enhanced microfabrication processes for other materials.

Pure copper nanoparticles prepared by coating-assisted vapor phase synthesis without agglomeration

Modern electronic devices, such as smartphones and electric vehicles, require multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), which comprise highly pure Cu terminations and Ni electrodes. Vapor-phase synthesis (VPS) is a promising method for synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs) with high purity and crystallinity. However, the agglomeration of the NPs occurs during their synthesis, which degrades the performance of the MLCC electrodes owing to several factors, including electrical shorts and low packing density. This paper proposes a coating-assisted VPS to inhibit agglomeration using potassium chloride (KCl) as the coating agent. The agglomeration ratio of the Cu NPs synthesized by in-flight coating with KCl at 950 °C significantly decreased from 48.20% to 3.80%, compared to without KCl coating. Furthermore, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed that the KCl coating agent and residual copper chloride were removed by washing with ammonium hydroxide.

Modern electronic devices, such as smartphones and electric vehicles, require multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), which comprise highly pure Cu terminations and Ni electrodes.