1
|
Berent K, Gajewska M, Checa AG. Organization and Formation of the Crossed-Foliated Biomineral Microstructure of Limpet Shells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6658-6669. [PMID: 37991876 PMCID: PMC10716850 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
To construct their shells, molluscs are able to produce a large array of calcified materials including granular, prismatic, lamellar, fibrous, foliated, and plywood-like microstructures. The latter includes an aragonitic (the crossed-lamellar) and a calcitic (the crossed-foliated) variety, whose modes of formation are particularly enigmatic. We studied the crossed-foliated calcitic layers secreted solely by members of the limpet family Patellidae using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. From the exterior to the interior, the material becomes progressively organized into commarginal first-order lamellae, with second and third order lamellae dipping in opposite directions in alternating lamellae. At the same time, the crystallographic texture becomes stronger because each set of the first order lamellae develops a particular orientation for the c-axis, while both sets maintain common orientations for one {104} face (parallel to the growth surface) and one a-axis (perpendicular to the planes of the first order lamellae). Each first order lamella shows a progressive migration of its crystallographic axes with growth in order to adapt to the orientation of the set of first order lamellae to which it belongs. To explain the progressive organization of the material, we hypothesize that a secretional zebra pattern, mirrored by the first order lamellae on the shell growth surface, is developed on the shell-secreting mantle surface. Cells belonging to alternating stripes behave differently to determine the growth orientation of the laths composing the first order lamellae. In this way, we provide an explanation as to how plywood-like materials can be fabricated, which is based mainly on the activity of mantle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Berent
- Academic
Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Marta Gajewska
- Academic
Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Antonio G. Checa
- Departamento
de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
- Instituto
Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC−Universidad
de Granada, Granada, Armilla 18100, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Trzciński K, Zarach Z, Szkoda M, Nowak AP, Berent K, Sawczak M. Controlling crystallites orientation and facet exposure for enhanced electrochemical properties of polycrystalline MoO 3 films. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16668. [PMID: 37794143 PMCID: PMC10550991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the development and optimization of MoO3 films on commercially available FTO substrates using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. By carefully selecting deposition conditions and implementing post-treatment procedures, precise control over crystallite orientation relative to the substrate is achieved. Deposition at 450 °C in O2 atmosphere results in random crystallite arrangement, while introducing argon instead of oxygen to the PLD chamber during the initial stage of sputtering exposes the (102) and (011) facets. On the other hand, room temperature deposition leads to the formation of amorphous film, but after appropriate post-annealing treatment, the (00k) facets were exposed. The deposited films are studied using SEM and XRD techniques. Moreover, electrochemical properties of FTO/MoO3 electrodes immersed in 1 M AlCl3 aqueous solution are evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that different electrochemical processes are promoted based on the orientation of crystallites. When the (102) and (011) facets are exposed, the Al3+ ions intercalation induced by polarization is facilitated, while the (00k) planes exposure leads to the diminished hydrogen evolution reaction overpotential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Trzciński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
- Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Zuzanna Zarach
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Szkoda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
- Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej P Nowak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Berent
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Ave, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mirosław Sawczak
- Centre for Plasma and Laser Engineering, The Szewalski Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Fiszera 14, 80-231, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stoll JA, Lachowicz D, Kmita A, Gajewska M, Sikora M, Berent K, Przybylski M, Russek SE, Celinski ZJ, Hankiewicz JH. Synthesis of Manganese Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles in Medical-Grade Silicone for MRI Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065685. [PMID: 36982758 PMCID: PMC10059734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this project is to fabricate hydrogen-rich silicone doped with magnetic nanoparticles for use as a temperature change indicator in magnetic resonance imaging-guided (MRIg) thermal ablations. To avoid clustering, the particles of mixed MnZn ferrite were synthesized directly in a medical-grade silicone polymer solution. The particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, temperature-dependent nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry (20 °C to 60 °C, at 3.0 T), and magnetic resonance imaging (at 3.0 T). Synthesized nanoparticles were the size of 4.4 nm ± 2.1 nm and exhibited superparamagnetic behavior. Bulk silicone material showed a good shape stability within the study’s temperature range. Embedded nanoparticles did not influence spin–lattice relaxation, but they shorten the longer component of spin–spin nuclear relaxation times of silicone’s protons. However, these protons exhibited an extremely high r2* relaxivity (above 1200 L s−1 mmol−1) due to the presence of particles, with a moderate decrease in the magnetization with temperature. With an increased temperature decrease of r2*, this ferro–silicone can be potentially used as a temperature indicator in high-temperature MRIg ablations (40 °C to 60 °C).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Stoll
- Colorado Springs Center for the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
| | - Dorota Lachowicz
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Angelika Kmita
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Gajewska
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Sikora
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Berent
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Przybylski
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stephen E. Russek
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway St., Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Zbigniew J. Celinski
- Colorado Springs Center for the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
| | - Janusz H. Hankiewicz
- Colorado Springs Center for the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lachowicz D, Kmita A, Wirecka R, Berent K, Szuwarzyński M, Zapotoczny S, Pajdak A, Cios G, Mazur-Panasiuk N, Pyrc K, Bernasik A. Aerogels based on cationically modified chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) for efficient capturing of viruses. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120756. [PMID: 37059523 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a new filtering bioaerogel based on linear polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the cationic derivative of chitosan (N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylamine) propyl] chitosan chloride, HTCC) with a potential antiviral application. A strong intermolecular network architecture was formed thanks to the introduction of linear PVA chains, which can efficiently interpenetrate the glutaraldehyde(GA)-crosslinked HTCC chains. The morphology of the obtained structures was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The aerogels and modified polymers' elemental composition (including the chemical environment) was determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). New aerogels with more than twice as much developed micro- and mesopore space and BET-specific surface area were obtained concerning the starting sample chitosan aerogel crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (Chit/GA). The results obtained from the XPS analysis showed the presence of cationic 3-trimethylammonium groups on the surface of the aerogel, which can interact with viral capsid proteins. No cytotoxic effect of HTCC/GA/PVA aerogel was also observed on fibroblast cells of the NIH3T3 line. Furthermore, the HTCC/GA/PVA aerogel has been shown that efficiently traps mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) from suspension. The presented concept of aerogel filters for virus capture based on modified chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol has a high application potential.
Collapse
|
5
|
Dąbrowa J, Adamczyk J, Stępień A, Zajusz M, Bar K, Berent K, Świerczek K. Synthesis and Properties of the Gallium-Containing Ruddlesden-Popper Oxides with High-Entropy B-Site Arrangement. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15186500. [PMID: 36143812 PMCID: PMC9503551 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the possibility of obtaining B-site disordered, Ruddlesden-Popper type, high-entropy oxides has been proven, using as an example the LnSr(Co,Fe,Ga,Mn,Ni)O4 series (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, or Gd). The materials were synthesized using the Pechini method, followed by sintering at a temperature of 1200 °C. The XRD analysis indicated the single-phase, I4/mmm structure of the Pr-, Nd-, and Sm-based materials, with a minor content of secondary phase precipitates in La- and Gd-based materials. The SEM + EDX analysis confirms the homogeneity of the studied samples. Based on the oxygen non-stoichiometry measurements, the general formula of LnSr(Co,Fe,Ga,Mn,Ni)O4+δ, is established, with the content of oxygen interstitials being surprisingly similar across the series. The temperature dependence of the total conductivity is similar for all materials, with the highest conductivity value of 4.28 S/cm being reported for the Sm-based composition. The thermal expansion coefficient is, again, almost identical across the series, with the values varying between 14.6 and 15.2 × 10-6 K-1. The temperature stability of the selected materials is verified using the in situ high-temperature XRD. The results indicate a smaller impact of the lanthanide cation type on the properties than has typically been reported for conventional Ruddlesden-Popper type oxides, which may result from the high-entropy arrangement of the B-site cations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliusz Dąbrowa
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Adamczyk
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Stępień
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- AGH Centre of Energy, AGH University of Science and Technology, ul. Czarnowiejska 36, 30-054 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Zajusz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Bar
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Berent
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Konrad Świerczek
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- AGH Centre of Energy, AGH University of Science and Technology, ul. Czarnowiejska 36, 30-054 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wojteczko K, Pędzich Z, Zientara D, Berent K, Haberko K. Phenomena Occurring upon the Sintering of a Mixture of Yttria-Zirconia Nanometric Powder and Sub-Micrometric Pure Zirconia Powder. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14226937. [PMID: 34832338 PMCID: PMC8625595 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mixtures of powders essentially differing in their particle morphology and size were applied to prepare polycrystals in a Y2O3-ZrO2 system. An yttria–zirconia solid solution nanometric powder with a Y2O3 concentration of 3.5% was prepared by subjecting co-precipitated gels to hydrothermal treatment at 240 °C. The crystallization occurred in distilled water. The pure zirconia powders composed of elongated and sub-micrometer size particles were also manufactured through the hydrothermal treatment of pure zirconia gel, although in this case, the process took place in the NaOH solution. Mixtures of the two kinds of powder were prepared so as to produce a mean composition corresponding to an yttria concentration of 3 mol%. Compacts of this powder mixture were sintered, and changes in phase composition vs. temperature were studied using X-ray diffraction. The dilatometry measurements revealed the behavior of the powder compact during sintering. The polished surfaces revealed the microstructure of the resulting polycrystal. Additionally, the electron back scattering diffraction technique (EBSD) allowed us to identify symmetry between the observed grains. Hardness, fracture toughness, and mechanical strength measurements were also performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wojteczko
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Cracow, Poland; (Z.P.); (D.Z.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zbigniew Pędzich
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Cracow, Poland; (Z.P.); (D.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Dariusz Zientara
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Cracow, Poland; (Z.P.); (D.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Katarzyna Berent
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Haberko
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Cracow, Poland; (Z.P.); (D.Z.); (K.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dąbrowa J, Zielińska K, Stępień A, Zajusz M, Nowakowska M, Moździerz M, Berent K, Szymczak M, Świerczek K. Formation of Solid Solutions and Physicochemical Properties of the High-Entropy Ln 1-xSr x(Co,Cr,Fe,Mn,Ni)O 3-δ (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm or Gd) Perovskites. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14185264. [PMID: 34576491 PMCID: PMC8470994 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phase composition, crystal structure, and selected physicochemical properties of the high entropy Ln(Co,Cr,Fe,Mn,Ni)O3-δ (Ln = La, Pr, Gd, Nd, Sm) perovskites, as well as the possibility of Sr doping in Ln1-xSrx(Co,Cr,Fe,Mn,Ni)O3-δ series, are reported is this work. With the use of the Pechini method, all undoped compositions are successfully synthesized. The samples exhibit distorted, orthorhombic or rhombohedral crystal structure, and a linear correlation is observed between the ionic radius of Ln and the value of the quasi-cubic perovskite lattice constant. The oxides show moderate thermal expansion, with a lack of visible contribution from the chemical expansion effect. Temperature-dependent values of the total electrical conductivity are reported, and the observed behavior appears distinctive from that of non-high entropy transition metal-based perovskites, beyond the expectations based on the rule-of-mixtures. In terms of formation of solid solutions in Sr-doped Ln1-xSrx(Co,Cr,Fe,Mn,Ni)O3-δ materials, the results indicate a strong influence of the Ln radius, and while for La-based series the Sr solubility limit is at the level of xmax = 0.3, for the smaller Pr it is equal to just 0.1. In the case of Nd-, Sm- and Gd-based materials, even for the xSr = 0.1, the formation of secondary phases is observed on the SEM + EDS images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliusz Dąbrowa
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.N.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (K.Z.); Tel.: +48-12-617-4641 (J.D.)
| | - Klaudia Zielińska
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.); (M.M.); (K.Ś.)
- Correspondence: (J.D.); (K.Z.); Tel.: +48-12-617-4641 (J.D.)
| | - Anna Stępień
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.); (M.M.); (K.Ś.)
| | - Marek Zajusz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Margarita Nowakowska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Maciej Moździerz
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.); (M.M.); (K.Ś.)
| | - Katarzyna Berent
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Maria Szymczak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Konrad Świerczek
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.); (M.M.); (K.Ś.)
- AGH Centre of Energy, AGH University of Science and Technology, ul. Czarnowiejska 36, 30-054 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dąbrowa J, Szymczak M, Zajusz M, Mikuła A, Moździerz M, Berent K, Wytrwal-Sarna M, Bernasik A, Stygar M, Świerczek K. Stabilizing fluorite structure in ceria-based high-entropy oxides: Influence of Mo addition on crystal structure and transport properties. Ann Ital Chir 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
9
|
Dutkiewicz J, Rogal Ł, Kalita D, Berent K, Antoszewski B, Danielewski H, Węglowski MS, Łazińska M, Durejko T, Czujko T. Microstructure and Properties of Inconel 625 Fabricated Using Two Types of Laser Metal Deposition Methods. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E5050. [PMID: 33182439 PMCID: PMC7664878 DOI: 10.3390/ma13215050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of using two different deposition systems on the microstructure and mechanical properties was studied in this paper. For this purpose, laser-engineered net shaping (LENS) and high-power CO2 laser deposition processes were applied to fabricate Inconel 625 samples. The microstructure of the Inconel 625 produced by both additive techniques was characterized using light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties were characterized by tensile tests and microhardness measurements. High-power laser application resulted in a strong <100> build texture, while, at low powers, the {011} <100> Goss component increased. Both types of deposited materials showed dendritic microstructures with Ti-, Mo-, and Nb-rich zones at the cell boundaries, where numerous precipitates (Nb2C, NbC, titanium carbides, Nb3Ni, and NbNiCr) were also observed. It was also noted that both variants were characterized by the same slope with a proportional length, but the Inconel 625 fabricated via LENS showed a higher average yield strength (YS; 524 MPa vs. 472 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS; 944 MPa vs. 868 MPa) and lower elongation (35% vs. 42%) than samples obtained with the high-power CO2 laser deposition process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dutkiewicz
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, PAS, 25, Reymonta St., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (Ł.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Łukasz Rogal
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, PAS, 25, Reymonta St., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (Ł.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Damian Kalita
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, PAS, 25, Reymonta St., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (Ł.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Berent
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30, Mickiewicza Av., 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Bogdan Antoszewski
- Laser Research Center, Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, 25-314 Kielce, Poland; (B.A.); (H.D.)
| | - Hubert Danielewski
- Laser Research Center, Department of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, 25-314 Kielce, Poland; (B.A.); (H.D.)
| | - Marek St. Węglowski
- Lukasiewicz Research Network, 16-18 Bl. Czesława Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Łazińska
- Department of Materials Technology, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. Kaliskiego Str., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ł.); (T.D.)
| | - Tomasz Durejko
- Department of Materials Technology, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. Kaliskiego Str., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ł.); (T.D.)
| | - Tomasz Czujko
- Department of Materials Technology, Military University of Technology, 2 Gen. Kaliskiego Str., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Ł.); (T.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Najberek K, Olejniczak P, Berent K, Gąsienica-Staszeczek M, Solarz W. The ability of seeds to float with water currents contributes to the invasion success of Impatiens balfourii and I. glandulifera. J Plant Res 2020; 133:649-664. [PMID: 32621067 PMCID: PMC7429548 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two alien species in Europe, Impatiens glandulifera and I. balfourii, are closely related, have similar growth rates and reproductive capacities, and are very attractive to pollinators. Nevertheless, only I. glandulifera is a highly invasive alien species in Europe, while I. balfourii is non-invasive. We assumed that the varying levels of invasiveness are driven by differences in the floating ability of their seeds, which may determine the invasion success of riparian alien plants, such as the Impatiens species. By mimicking two types of aquatic conditions, we determined seed floating ability for each species from younger and older populations. We also analyzed four seed traits: seed viability, surface, shape and coat structure. Seeds of the non-invasive I. balfourii float less well than seeds of the invasive I. glandulifera. We also found that the seeds of I. balfourii from the younger population have a higher floating ability in comparison with that of the seeds from the older population. The results for I. glandulifera were the opposite, with decreased floating ability in the younger population. These differences were associated with seed surface, shape and coat structure. These results indicate that the floating ability of I. balfourii seeds may increase over time following its introduction into a given area, while in the case of I. glandulifera, this ability may gradually decrease. Therefore, the former species, currently regarded as a poor disperser, has the potential to become invasive in the future, whereas the latter does not seem to benefit from further investments in the floating ability of its seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Najberek
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paweł Olejniczak
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Berent
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Solarz
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Knapczyk-Korczak J, Ura DP, Gajek M, Marzec MM, Berent K, Bernasik A, Chiverton JP, Stachewicz U. Fiber-Based Composite Meshes with Controlled Mechanical and Wetting Properties for Water Harvesting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:1665-1676. [PMID: 31820919 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Water is the basis of life in the world. Unfortunately, resources are shrinking at an alarming rate. The lack of access to water is still the biggest problem in the modern world. The key to solving it is to find new unconventional ways to obtain water from alternative sources. Fog collectors are becoming an increasingly important way of water harvesting as there are places in the world where fog is the only source of water. Our aim is to apply electrospun fiber technology, due to its high surface area, to increase fog collection efficiency. Therefore, composites consisting of hydrophobic and hydrophilic fibers were successfully fabricated using a two-nozzle electrospinning setup. This design enables the realization of optimal meshes for harvesting water from fog. In our studies we focused on combining hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) and hydrophilic polyamide 6 (PA6), surface properties in the produced meshes, without any chemical modifications, on the basis of new hierarchical composites for collecting water. This combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials causes water to condense on the hydrophobic microfibers and to run down on the hydrophilic nanofibers. By adjusting the fraction of PA6 nanofibers, we were able to tune the mechanical properties of PS meshes and importantly increase the efficiency in collecting water. We combined a few characterization methods together with novel image processing protocols for the analysis of fiber fractions in the constructed meshes. The obtained results show a new single-step method to produce meshes with enhanced mechanical properties and water collecting abilities that can be applied in existing fog water collectors. This is a new promising design for fog collectors with nano- and macrofibers which are able to efficiently harvest water, showing great application in comparison to commercially available standard meshes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Knapczyk-Korczak
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science , AGH University of Science and Technology , 30-059 Krakow , Poland
| | - Daniel P Ura
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science , AGH University of Science and Technology , 30-059 Krakow , Poland
| | - Marcin Gajek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics , AGH University of Science and Technology , 30-059 Krakow , Poland
| | - Mateusz M Marzec
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology , AGH University of Science and Technology , 30-059 Krakow , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Berent
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology , AGH University of Science and Technology , 30-059 Krakow , Poland
| | - Andrzej Bernasik
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology , AGH University of Science and Technology , 30-059 Krakow , Poland
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science , AGH University of Science and Technology , 30-059 Krakow , Poland
| | - John P Chiverton
- School of Energy and Electronic Engineering , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth PO1 3DJ , United Kingdom
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science , AGH University of Science and Technology , 30-059 Krakow , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Knapczyk-Korczak J, Szewczyk PK, Ura DP, Berent K, Stachewicz U. Hydrophilic nanofibers in fog collectors for increased water harvesting efficiency. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22335-22342. [PMID: 35514544 PMCID: PMC9054577 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03939j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The water crisis is a big social problem and one of the solutions are the Fog Water Collectors (FWCs) that are placed in areas, where the use of conventional methods to collect water is impossible or inadequate. The most common fog collecting medium in FWC is Raschel mesh, which in our study is modified with electrospun polyamide 6 (PA6) nanofibers. The hydrophilic PA6 nanofibers were directly deposited on Raschel meshes to create the hierarchical structure that increases the effective surface area which enhances the ability to catch water droplets from fog. The meshes and the wetting behavior were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and environmental SEM (ESEM). We performed the fog water collection experiments on various configurations of Raschel meshes with hydrophilic PA6 nanofibers. The addition of hydrophilic nanofibers allowed us to obtain 3 times higher water collection rate of collecting water from fog. Within this study, we show the innovative and straightforward way to modify the existing technology that improves water collection by changing the mechanisms of droplet formation on the mesh. Modification of Raschel meshes used for fog water collectors with PA6 nanofibers allow to obtain 300% higher water collection rate in collecting water from fog.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Knapczyk-Korczak
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science
- International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science
- 30-059 Kraków
- Poland
| | - Piotr K. Szewczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science
- International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science
- 30-059 Kraków
- Poland
| | - Daniel P. Ura
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science
- International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science
- 30-059 Kraków
- Poland
| | - Katarzyna Berent
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Poland
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science
- International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science
- 30-059 Kraków
- Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lachowicz D, Mielczarek P, Wirecka R, Berent K, Karewicz A, Szuwarzyński M, Zapotoczny S. Nanohydrogels Based on Self-Assembly of Cationic Pullulan and Anionic Dextran Derivatives for Efficient Delivery of Piroxicam. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E622. [PMID: 31766517 PMCID: PMC6956171 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A cationic derivative of pullulan was obtained by grafting reaction and used together with dextran sulfate to form polysaccharide-based nanohydrogel cross-linked via electrostatic interactions between polyions. Due to the polycation-polyanion interactions nanohydrogel particles were formed instantly and spontaneously in water. The nanoparticles were colloidally stable and their size and surface charge could be controlled by the polycation/polyanion ratio. The morphology of the obtained particles was visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The resulting structures were spherical, with hydrodynamic diameters in the range of 100-150 nm. The binding constant (Ka) of a model drug, piroxicam, to the cationic pullulan (C-PUL) was determined by spectrophotometric measurements. The value of Ka was calculated according to the Benesi-Hildebrand equation to be (3.6 ± 0.2) × 103 M-1. After binding to cationic pullulan, piroxicam was effectively entrapped inside the nanohydrogel particles and released in a controlled way. The obtained system was efficiently taken up by cells and was shown to be biocompatible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Lachowicz
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (R.W.); (K.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Przemyslaw Mielczarek
- Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Roma Wirecka
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (R.W.); (K.B.); (M.S.)
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Berent
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (R.W.); (K.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Anna Karewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Michał Szuwarzyński
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (R.W.); (K.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (S.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Palumbo G, Berent K, Proniewicz E, Banaś J. Guar Gum as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Pure Aluminium in 1-M HCl Solution. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12162620. [PMID: 31426447 PMCID: PMC6720888 DOI: 10.3390/ma12162620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Guar gum (GG) was investigated as a possible eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for pure aluminium in a 1-M HCl solution at different temperatures and immersion times using gravimetric and electrochemical techniques. The results showed that GG was a good corrosion inhibitor for pure aluminium in the studied environment. The inhibition efficiency of GG increased with increasing inhibitor concentration and immersion time but decreased with increasing temperature. Polarisation measurements revealed that GG was a mixed type inhibitor with a higher influence on the cathodic reaction. The adsorption behaviour of the investigated inhibitor was found to obey the Temkin adsorption isotherm and the calculated values of the standard free adsorption energy indicate mixed-type adsorption, with the physical adsorption being more dominant. The associated activation energy (Ea) and the heat of adsorption (Qa) supported the physical adsorption nature of the inhibitor. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman/SERS were used to explain the adsorption interaction between the inhibitor with the surface of the metal. The results suggested that most inhibition action of GG is due to its adsorption of the metal surface via H-bond formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Palumbo
- Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta St. 23, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Berent
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza St. 30, 30-049 Kraków, Poland
| | - Edyta Proniewicz
- Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta St. 23, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Banaś
- Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta St. 23, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dubiel B, Indyka P, Moskalewicz T, Kruk A, Zubko M, Kalemba-Rec I, Berent K. Characterization of the μ and P phase precipitates in the CMSX-4 single crystal superalloy. J Microsc 2017; 266:239-248. [PMID: 28218402 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning-transmission electron microscopy (STEM) using high-angle annular-dark-field (HAADF) imaging, focussed ion beam- scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomography, selected area electron diffraction with beam precession (PED), as well as spatially resolved energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), was used to investigate topologically close-packed (TCP) phases, occurring in the CMSX-4 superalloy subjected to high temperature annealing and creep deformation. Structural and chemical analyses were performed to identify the TCP phases and provide information concerning the compositional partitioning of elements between them. The results of SEM and FIB-SEM tomography revealed the presence of merged TCP particles, which were identified by TEM and PED analysis as coprecipitates of the μ and P phases. Inside the TCP particles that were several micrometres in size, platelets of alternating μ and P phases of nanometric width were found. The combination of STEM-HAADF imaging with spatially resolved EDS and EELS microanalysis allowed determination of the significant partitioning of the constituent elements between the μ and P phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Dubiel
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - P Indyka
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Kraków, Poland
| | - T Moskalewicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Kruk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Zubko
- University of Silesia, Institute of Materials Science, Chorzów, Poland
| | - I Kalemba-Rec
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - K Berent
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Marciszko M, Baczmański A, Braham C, Wróbel M, Seiler W, Wroński S, Berent K. Analysis of stresses and crystal structure in the surface layer of hexagonal polycrystalline materials: a new methodology based on grazing incidence diffraction. J Appl Crystallogr 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576715021810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The multireflection grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (MGIXD) method is commonly used to determine a stress gradient in thin surface layers (about 1–20 µm for metals). In this article, the development of MGIXD to enable the determination not only of stresses but also of thec/aratio and thea0strain-free lattice parameter in hexagonal polycrystalline materials is presented and tested. The new procedure was applied for the results of measurements performed using a laboratory X-ray diffractometer and synchrotron radiation. The evolution of stresses and lattice parameters with depth was determined for Ti and Ti-alloy samples subjected to different mechanical surface treatments. A very good agreement of the results obtained using three different wavelengths of synchrotron radiation as well as classical X-rays (CuKα radiation) was found.
Collapse
|
17
|
Checa AG, Mutvei H, Osuna-Mascaró AJ, Bonarski JT, Faryna M, Berent K, Pina CM, Rousseau M, Macías-Sánchez E. Crystallographic control on the substructure of nacre tablets. J Struct Biol 2013; 183:368-376. [PMID: 23933391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nacre tablets of mollusks develop two kinds of features when either the calcium carbonate or the organic portions are removed: (1) parallel lineations (vermiculations) formed by elongated carbonate rods, and (2) hourglass patterns, which appear in high relief when etched or in low relief if bleached. In untreated tablets, SEM and AFM data show that vermiculations correspond to aligned and fused aragonite nanogloblules, which are partly surrounded by thin organic pellicles. EBSD mapping of the surfaces of tablets indicates that the vermiculations are invariably parallel to the crystallographic a-axis of aragonite and that the triangles are aligned with the b-axis and correspond to the advance of the {010} faces during the growth of the tablet. According to our interpretation, the vermiculations appear because organic molecules during growth are expelled from the a-axis, where the Ca-CO3 bonds are the shortest. In this way, the subunits forming nacre merge uninterruptedly, forming chains parallel to the a-axis, whereas the organic molecules are expelled to the sides of these chains. Hourglass patterns would be produced by preferential adsorption of organic molecules along the {010}, as compared to the {100} faces. A model is presented for the nanostructure of nacre tablets. SEM and EBSD data also show the existence within the tablets of nanocrystalline units, which are twinned on {110} with the rest of the tablet. Our study shows that the growth dynamics of nacre tablets (and bioaragonite in general) results from the interaction at two different and mutually related levels: tablets and nanogranules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G Checa
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Harry Mutvei
- Department of Paleozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, 11-418 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Antonio J Osuna-Mascaró
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Jan T Bonarski
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta. 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marek Faryna
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta. 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Berent
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta. 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Carlos M Pina
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Novais s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marthe Rousseau
- CNRS, UMR7365, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, 9 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Elena Macías-Sánchez
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Checa AG, Bonarski JT, Willinger MG, Faryna M, Berent K, Kania B, González-Segura A, Pina CM, Pospiech J, Morawiec A. Crystallographic orientation inhomogeneity and crystal splitting in biogenic calcite. J R Soc Interface 2013; 10:20130425. [PMID: 23804442 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcitic prismatic units forming the outer shell of the bivalve Pinctada margaritifera have been analysed using scanning electron microscopy-electron back-scatter diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In the initial stages of growth, the individual prismatic units are single crystals. Their crystalline orientation is not consistent but rather changes gradually during growth. The gradients in crystallographic orientation occur mainly in a direction parallel to the long axis of the prism, i.e. perpendicular to the shell surface and do not show preferential tilting along any of the calcite lattice axes. At a certain growth stage, gradients begin to spread and diverge, implying that the prismatic units split into several crystalline domains. In this way, a branched crystal, in which the ends of the branches are independent crystalline domains, is formed. At the nanometre scale, the material is composed of slightly misoriented domains, which are separated by planes approximately perpendicular to the c-axis. Orientational gradients and splitting processes are described in biocrystals for the first time and are undoubtedly related to the high content of intracrystalline organic molecules, although the way in which these act to induce the observed crystalline patterns is a matter of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G Checa
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Starowicz Z, Lipiński M, Berent K, Socha R, Szczepanowicz K, Kruk T. Antireflection TiO x Coating with Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles for Silicon Solar Cells. Plasmonics 2013; 8:41-43. [PMID: 23504341 PMCID: PMC3597332 DOI: 10.1007/s11468-012-9412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is known that the light scattering from the metal particles deposited on the surfaces of cells can be used for increasing light trapping in the solar cells. In this work, plasmonic structures are composite materials that consisted of silver nanoparticles embedded in dielectric films of TiO x -used as cell antireflection coating. The films are deposited by sol-gel method using spin-on technique. Microstructure of prepared samples is analyzed by SEM observation. Good homogenity and particles density was obtained by this simple, cheap, and short time-demanding method. We demonstrate that due to light scattering by metal particles, the plasmonic-ARC layer is more effective than TiO x layer without Ag nanoparticles. Implementation of nanoparticles on bare cell surface was carried out too. The influence of the plasmonic structures on the silicon solar cells parameters is presented as well. We announce about 5 % additional growth in short circuit current for cells with nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Starowicz
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - M. Lipiński
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - K. Berent
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - R. Socha
- Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry PAS, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - K. Szczepanowicz
- Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry PAS, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - T. Kruk
- Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry PAS, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|