1
|
Li J, Zhang P, Xu Q, Nie Y, Shao S, Wang Z, Jiang Y. Preparation of dyed polymer microspheres by a physical-chemical dual-binding method and their application in lateral flow immunoassay. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2033-2043. [PMID: 38497428 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02279j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has shown great competitiveness in point-of-care testing due to its flexibility and simplicity. Dyed polymer microspheres are one of the most widely used marker particles for signal presentation as they are very convenient for visual interpretation, which is one of the most attractive features of LFIA. The color intensity, as the most critical factor, is directly related to the visual effect. In this work, a physical-chemical dual-binding strategy was proposed for the preparation of functionalized dyed microspheres. Bifunctional seed microspheres were synthesized by introducing 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) into the soap-free emulsion polymerization process, and the effective immobilization of dyes inside and on the surface of the polymer microspheres was achieved by covalent bonding and swelling methods. The microspheres were characterized by SEM, FT-IR spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. The results showed that the microspheres containing VBC were spherical with an average particle size of 300 nm. When the microspheres were prepared by adding 10 wt% VBC relative to the total monomer, the immobilization amount of 1-[[4-[(dimethylphenyl)azo]dimethyl phenyl]azo]-2-naphthol (Red-27) was increased to 180 mg g-1, which was 1.8 times that of the microspheres without VBC. The resulting nanomaterials were successfully used to establish a lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of COVID-19 virus N protein. The linear response concentration range was 2.64-87.84 COI, and the detection limit was 14.95 COI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Li
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, China.
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Getein Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, PR China
| | - Qianrui Xu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, China.
| | - Yingrui Nie
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, China.
| | - Shimin Shao
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, China.
| | - Zhifei Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, China.
| | - Yong Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nie L, Xu X, Chen Y, Dong Y, Chang G, Li R. Development of Binder-Free Pigment Inks for Direct Inkjet Printing on Cotton Fabric without Pretreatment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:6266-6275. [PMID: 37072897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Inkjet printing technology is widely used in the textile digital printing application today though the current technology still requires pretreatment and postwashing procedures before and after printing. Additional chemical treatment generates a large amount of wastewater and complicates the process. Among the many potential approaches for reducing chemical waste, pigments with self-dispersing capability were prepared and formulated into binder-free inkjet inks that require no pretreatment or after-washing process when printing cotton fabrics. The new self-dispersing pigment inks were tested and evaluated on cotton fabrics. The distribution of particles was between 122.2 and 188.5 nm, and inks have excellent storage capability. Printed fabrics' light fastness and acid/alkali resistance are about grade 5, and printed cotton's washing and rubbing fastness are above grade 3. The mechanism and performance of ink drops were investigated by LF-NMR and ink-drop observation methods. This work provides a possible solution for reducing wastewater in the textile industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lun Nie
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Xiaohua Xu
- Suzhou Central Asia Ink Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215100, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yingping Dong
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Guangtao Chang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Textile Dyeing and Printing for Energy Conservation, Discharge Reduction and Cleaner Production (ERC), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers (Fudan University), Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruoxin Li
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Textile Dyeing and Printing for Energy Conservation, Discharge Reduction and Cleaner Production (ERC), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Preparation and characterization of PMMA encapsulated carbon black for water-based digital jet printing ink on different fibers of cotton and PET. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
4
|
Ohtake T, Ito H, Toyoda N. Amphiphilic block copolymer surfactant-containing quaternized pyridinium salt segments for color dispersion. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
5
|
Ohtake T, Ito H, Toyoda N. Amphiphilic Polymers for Color Dispersion: Toward Stable and Low-Viscosity Inkjet Ink. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7618-7627. [PMID: 35679371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic random and block copolymers were synthesized as potential inkjet inks. This study evaluated the potential of these polymers for color dispersion by examining the following factors: surface tension, zeta potential, viscosity, and particle size. Acrylic acid and (ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acrylate were used as the hydrophilic molecular units. Styrene, butyl acrylate, and phenoxyethyl acrylate were used as hydrophobic units. Color dispersions were prepared by using organic dye and these amphiphilic polymers. The color dispersions containing random copolymers exhibited low viscosity, which is preferable for jetting, but the dye particles tended to sediment after the thermal aging test. In contrast, those containing block copolymers showed high viscosity, which was unsuitable for jetting. However, they retained their initial dispersion state after the aging test. The advantages and disadvantages of each monomer arrangement (random or block) were demonstrated, providing a future outlook on the molecular design of polymer dispersants for color dispersions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Ohtake
- Environment and Materials Development Department, Corporate Research and Development Division, Seiko Epson Corporation, 80 Harashinden, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0785, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Environment and Materials Development Department, Corporate Research and Development Division, Seiko Epson Corporation, 80 Harashinden, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0785, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Toyoda
- Environment and Materials Development Department, Corporate Research and Development Division, Seiko Epson Corporation, 80 Harashinden, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0785, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu S, Zhang T, Xing J. A facile approach preparing PMMA nanospheres through in-situ surfactant miniemulsion photopolymerization under green LED irradiation. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
7
|
Chakraborty G, Bhattarai A, De R. Polyelectrolyte-Dye Interactions: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:598. [PMID: 35160587 PMCID: PMC8840521 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolytes are polymers with repeating units of ionizable groups coupled with counterions. Recently, polyelectrolytes have drawn significant attention as highly promising macromolecular materials with potential for applications in almost every sector of our daily lives. Dyes are another class of chemical compounds that can interact with substrates and subsequently impart color through the selective absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range. This overview begins with an introduction to polyelectrolytes and dyes with their respective definitions, classifications (based on origin, molecular architecture, etc.), and applications in diverse fields. Thereafter, it explores the different possible interactions between polyelectrolytes and dyes, which is the main focus of this study. The various mechanisms involved in dye-polyelectrolyte interactions and the factors that influence them are also surveyed. Finally, these discussions are summarized, and their future perspectives are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulmi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, C. V. Raman Global University, Odisha 752054, India;
| | - Ajaya Bhattarai
- Department of Chemistry, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar 56613, Nepal
| | - Ranjit De
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pounds K, Jairam S, Bao H, Meng S, Zhang L, Godinez SA, Savin DA, Pelletier W, Correll MJ, Tong Z. Glycerol-Based Dendrimer Nanocomposite Film as a Tunable pH-Sensor for Food Packaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23268-23281. [PMID: 33956422 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of food are wasted during the food supply chain. This loss is in part due to consumer confusion over dates on food packages that can indicate a variety of quality indicators in the product (e.g., expiration date, "best by" date, "sell by" dates, etc.). To reduce this food loss, much research has been focused on the films that offer simple and easily manipulated indication systems to detect food spoilage. However, these materials are usually hydrophilic biopolymers that can detect the food spoilage in a wide pH range but do not provide highly sensitive real-time measurements. In this work, a glycerol-based nanocomposite core-shell latex film was synthesized to create a responsive packaging material that can provide real-time pH detection of food with high sensitivity. First, the pH-responsive dendrimer comonomer was synthesized from glycerol and diamine. Then, the nanoencapsulation polymerization process via miniemulsion was conducted to form a core-shell structure with tunable nanoshell thickness for a sensible pH-responsive release (<0.5 pH change). Next, the flexible film encapsulated a color-indicative dye that provided highly sensitive and visible color changes as both the pH dropped and the time elapsed in the food. This film also provided a barrier to water and heat and resisted deformation. Ultimately, this nanocomposite flexible film pending a pH sensor has the potential as an intelligent food packaging material for a universal, accurate, easy-to-use, and real-time food spoilage monitoring system to reduce food waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karyn Pounds
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, 1741 Museum Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Suguna Jairam
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, 1741 Museum Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Hanxi Bao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, 1741 Museum Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Shanyu Meng
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, 1741 Museum Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, 1741 Museum Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Scarlett Arencibia Godinez
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Daniel A Savin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - William Pelletier
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, 1741 Museum Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Melanie J Correll
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, 1741 Museum Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Zhaohui Tong
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, 1741 Museum Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liao J, Ye M, Han A, Chen X, Zhang K, Guo J, Chen C. Preparation and reshaping of composite microparticles for color toner based on the encapsulated nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liao
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Mingquan Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Aijun Han
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Kui Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Jianming Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Chenlu Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Development and design of low volatile waterborne disperse ink using LF-NMR. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
11
|
Zhang K, Ye M, Han A, Chen X. Preparation and properties of Styrene‐Butyl Acrylate resin co‐encapsulated Pigment Red 48:2 and Oxidized Polyethylene wax composite nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zhang
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Mingquan Ye
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Aijun Han
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing Jiangsu China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Aghaghafari E, Zamanloo MR, Omrani I, Salarvand E. A novel olive oil fatty acid-based amphiphilic random polyurethane: Micellization and phase transfer application. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
Yang H, Fang K, Liu X, An F. High-Quality Images Inkjetted on Different Woven Cotton Fabrics Cationized with P(St-BA-VBT) Copolymer Nanospheres. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29218-29230. [PMID: 31322848 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The porosity, roughness, and thickness of woven fabrics limit inkjet printing quality, which is extremely important for obtaining high-quality inkjet printing images on fabrics. This study reveals the application of poly[styrene-butyl acrylate-(P-vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride)] nanospheres prepared via a soap-free emulsion polymerization approach as a novel kind of the cationization modifier for the inkjet printing of different woven cotton fabrics by the pad-cure process. It was found that the nanospheres exhibited an average diameter of 65.5 nm, a zeta potential of +57.8 mV, and a glass transition temperature of 94.7 °C. The nanospheres deposited on three cotton fabrics through the dip-rolling process, resulting in the increase of zeta potential, hydrophobicity and thickness of the fabric, and the decrease of porosity and roughness. The high-quality inkjet printing images can be obtained on fabrics with different structures owing to the differences in zeta potential, hydrophobicity, porosity, roughness, and thickness of fabrics. The plain, twill, and honeycomb weave fabrics obtained high-quality inkjet printing images for portraits, oil paintings, and landscape paintings, respectively. The nanospheres could strongly adsorb on the fiber by electrostatic attraction. The reactive dye molecules in the inks could react with the cationized fibers by electrostatic attractive force, resulting in the increase of the color strength, fixation rates, and outline sharpness. The nanosphere cationization of different woven fabrics offers a new potential method for obtaining high-quality patterns without significantly affecting the fabric handle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Yang
- School of Textiles Science and Engineering , Tianjin Polytechnic University , No. 399 Binshui Xi Road , Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387 , P. R. China
| | - Kuanjun Fang
- School of Textiles Science and Engineering , Tianjin Polytechnic University , No. 399 Binshui Xi Road , Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387 , P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province , No. 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , P. R. China
| | - Xiuming Liu
- School of Textiles Science and Engineering , Tianjin Polytechnic University , No. 399 Binshui Xi Road , Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387 , P. R. China
| | - Fangfang An
- School of Textiles Science and Engineering , Tianjin Polytechnic University , No. 399 Binshui Xi Road , Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Meng X, Wang Y, Li X, Chen X, Lv D, Xie C, Yin Q, Zhang X, Hao H. Confined Crystallization of Pigment Red 146 in Emulsion Droplets and Its Mechanism. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E379. [PMID: 30845663 PMCID: PMC6474010 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of confined space on crystallization processes of pigments was investigated by using C.I. Pigment Red 146 (PR 146) as a model compound. The colloidal system (i.e., emulsion droplets) was used as a nanoreactor to prepare nanoscale PR 146 for the inkjet printer. The effects of the space confinement were investigated by comparing the products of PR 146 prepared from bulk solution, macroemulsion, and miniemulsion. The results showed that PR 146 crystallized in mini-emulsion had the narrowest particle size distribution and the average particle size can be as small as 172.5 nm, one order of magnitude smaller than the one obtained from the bulk solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data revealed that PR 146 crystallized in all three solutions where the crystalline state and had similar crystallite sizes. The process mechanism of crystallization confined in the miniemulsion droplets was proposed and explained. The function mechanism of the co-stabilizer during the crystallization of PR 146 in emulsion was also explained. It was found that sodium chloride could counteract the pressure difference as an osmotic pressure agent and prevent the migrating of water from small droplets into big droplets. The influences of dosages of emulsifiers and co-stabilizers on droplet size and the size of the obtained PR 146 particles were evaluated and the optimal conditions were determined. Furthermore, the disparity of PR 146 products prepared by different methods was investigated by UV⁻Vis spectra. The aqueous dispersion of PR 146 crystallized in miniemulsion had the highest absorbance and darkest color.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianze Meng
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yongli Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xin Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xue Chen
- Shandong YuHong New Pigment Co., Ltd., Dezhou 253000, China.
| | - Dongjun Lv
- Shandong YuHong New Pigment Co., Ltd., Dezhou 253000, China.
| | - Chuang Xie
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Qiuxiang Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xuling Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|