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Tambat R, Kinthada RK, Saral Sariyer A, Leus IV, Sariyer E, D'Cunha N, Zhou H, Leask M, Walker JK, Zgurskaya HI. AdeIJK Pump-Specific Inhibitors Effective against Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2239-2249. [PMID: 38787939 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is a serious threat pathogen rapidly spreading in clinics and causing a range of complicated human infections. The major contributor to A. baumannii antibiotic resistance is the overproduction of AdeIJK and AdeABC multidrug efflux pumps of the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) superfamily of proteins. The dominant role of efflux in antibiotic resistance and the relatively high permeability of the A. baumannii outer membrane to amphiphilic compounds make this pathogen a promising target for the discovery of clinically relevant efflux pump inhibitors. In this study, we identified 4,6-diaminoquoniline analogs with inhibitory activities against A. baumannii AdeIJK efflux pump and followed up on these compounds with a focused synthetic program to improve the target specificity and to reduce cytotoxicity. We identified several candidates that potentiate antibacterial activities of antibiotics erythromycin, tetracycline, and novobiocin not only in the laboratory antibiotic susceptible strain A. baumannii ATCC17978 but also in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates AB5075 and AYE. The best analogs potentiated the activities of antibiotics in low micromolar concentrations, did not have antibacterial activities on their own, inhibited AdeIJK-mediated efflux of its fluorescent substrate ethidium ion, and had low cytotoxicity in A549 human lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushikesh Tambat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Rama Kumar Kinthada
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Aysegul Saral Sariyer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Artvin Coruh University, 08000 Artvin, Turkey
| | - Inga V Leus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Emrah Sariyer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Artvin Coruh University, 08000 Artvin, Turkey
- Vocational School of Health Services, Medical Laboratory Techniques, Artvin Coruh University, 08000 Artvin, Turkey
| | - Napoleon D'Cunha
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Hinman Zhou
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Makaila Leask
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - John K Walker
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Helen I Zgurskaya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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2
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Woodson ME, Mottaleb MA, Murelli RP, Tavis JE. In vitro evaluation of tropolone absorption, metabolism, and clearance. Antiviral Res 2023; 220:105762. [PMID: 37996012 PMCID: PMC10843707 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Tropolone compounds can inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication at sub-micromolar levels and are synergistic upon co-treatment with nucleos(t)ide analog drugs. However, only a few compounds within this chemotype have been screened for their pharmacological properties. Here, we chose 36 structurally diverse tropolones from six subclasses to characterize their in vitro pharmacological parameters. All compounds were more soluble in pHs that reflect the gastrointestinal tract (pH 5 and 6.5) than plasma (pH 7.4). Those compounds that had solubility limits >100 μM were tested in a passive permeability assay, and there was no general trend in the compounds' passive permeability at any pH. Twenty-nine compounds with the best absorption parameters were tested in HEK293 cells to assess potential cytotoxicity; measured toxicities were similar to those in the hepatic HepDES19 cells used for screening (R2 = 0.55). Sixteen representative compounds were tested against five major CYP450 isoforms and there was no substantial inhibition by any compound against any of the enzymes tested (<50%). The t1/2 values of 15 compounds were determined in the microsome stability assay and 12 compounds were evaluated in plasma protein binding assays to assess factors affecting their rate of clearance. All compounds with detectable analyte peaks had t1/2 > 30 min, and while 4 of 12 had statistically significant decreased potency in conditions with increased albumin concentrations, only one compound's potency was biologically significant. These data indicate that the tropolones have pharmacological characteristics that reflect approved drugs and inform future structure activity relationships during drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Woodson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Abdul Mottaleb
- Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan P Murelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA; The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - John E Tavis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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3
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Mlostoń G, Celeda M, Palusiak M. Higher-order [8+2]-cycloadditions of tropothione with levoglucosenone (LGO) and structurally similar exo-cyclic enones derived from cyrene. Carbohydr Res 2023; 529:108844. [PMID: 37210942 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Levoglucosenone (LGO) and structurally similar exo-cyclic enones derived from cyrene (dihydrolevoglucosenone) react with tropothione following the higher-order [8 + 2]-cycloaddition pathway. Reactions were performed at room temperature in CH2Cl2 solutions in absence of any activating reagent. Whereas reaction of tropothione with LGO occurred with complete stereoselectivity, leading to a single, sterically favored exo cycloadduct, identified as polycylic thiophene derivative, reactions performed with exo-cyclic enones yielded in some instances mixtures of two isomeric exo and endo cycloadducts, derived from spiro-tetrahydrothiophene as major and minor components, respectively, of the studied reaction mixtures. Exo and endo [8 + 2] cycloadducts differ in absolute configuration at the newly created chiral centers. Structures of exo and endo cycloadducts were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Mlostoń
- Department of Organic & Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, PL-91-403, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Celeda
- Department of Organic & Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, PL-91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Palusiak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, PL-90-236, Lodz, Poland
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4
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Al-Harbi LN, Al-Shammari GM, Subash-Babu P, Mohammed MA, Alkreadees RA, Yagoub AEA. Cinchona officinalis Phytochemicals-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Cytotoxicity and Stimulate Apoptosis in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3393. [PMID: 36234520 PMCID: PMC9565860 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to synthesize iron oxide nanoparticles loaded with quinine and alkaloids-rich Cinchona officinalis (Peruvian bark) stem bark extract, and further evaluate their cytotoxic effect and apoptosis mechanisms in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Nanoparticles were prepared by biological reduction of iron oxide with Cinchona officinalis extract, using the green synthesis method. The nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vitro cytotoxicity analyses of Cinchona officinalis extract, ferrous oxide, and Cinchona officinalis extract-loaded iron oxide nanoparticles (CO-NPs) were carried out using the MTT test for 24 h and 48 h. We found that CO-NPs reduced the MCF-7 cell viability with IC50 values of 16.2 and 9 µg/mL in 24 h and 48 h, respectively. In addition, CO-NPs were tested with normal hMSCs to determine their toxicity, and we did not find noticeable cytotoxicity. Confocal fluorescent microscopy revealed that CO-NPs efficiently increased the nuclear condensation and chromatin damage in propidium iodide staining; meanwhile, there was decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in CO-NPs-treated MCF-7 cells. In addition, AO-EB staining confirmed the late apoptotic and apoptotic morphology of cancer cells. Further gene expression analysis confirmed that the upregulation of tumor suppressors, Cdkn1A, Prb, and p53 was significantly increased, and inflammatory traits such as TNF-α and Nf-κb were increased in cancer cells treated with CO-NPs. Apoptotic stimulators such as Bax and caspase-3 expression were highly significantly increased, while mdm-2 and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased. Overall, the enhanced cytotoxic potential of the Cinchona officianlis stem bark extract loaded CO-NPs versus free Cinchona officianlis extract might be due to the functional stabilization of bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, quinine, flavonoids, phenolics, etc., into the iron oxide, providing bioavailability and internalization of cinchona metabolites intracellularly.
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5
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Geerling E, Murphy V, Mai MC, Stone ET, Casals AG, Hassert M, O’Dea AT, Cao F, Donlin MJ, Elagawany M, Elgendy B, Pardali V, Giannakopoulou E, Zoidis G, Schiavone DV, Berkowitz AJ, Agyemang NB, Murelli RP, Tavis JE, Pinto AK, Brien JD. Metal coordinating inhibitors of Rift Valley fever virus replication. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274266. [PMID: 36112605 PMCID: PMC9481026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a veterinary and human pathogen and is an agent of bioterrorism concern. Currently, RVFV treatment is limited to supportive care, so new drugs to control RVFV infection are urgently needed. RVFV is a member of the order Bunyavirales, whose replication depends on the enzymatic activity of the viral L protein. Screening for RVFV inhibitors among compounds with divalent cation-coordinating motifs similar to known viral nuclease inhibitors identified 47 novel RVFV inhibitors with selective indexes from 1.1–103 and 50% effective concentrations of 1.2–56 μM in Vero cells, primarily α-Hydroxytropolones and N-Hydroxypyridinediones. Inhibitor activity and selective index was validated in the human cell line A549. To evaluate specificity, select compounds were tested against a second Bunyavirus, La Crosse Virus (LACV), and the flavivirus Zika (ZIKV). These data indicate that the α-Hydroxytropolone and N-Hydroxypyridinedione chemotypes should be investigated in the future to determine their mechanism(s) of action allowing further development as therapeutics for RVFV and LACV, and these chemotypes should be evaluated for activity against related pathogens, including Hantaan virus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Geerling
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Valerie Murphy
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Maria C. Mai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - E. Taylor Stone
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Andreu Gazquez Casals
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mariah Hassert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Austin T. O’Dea
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Feng Cao
- John Cochran Division, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Maureen J. Donlin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Elagawany
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bahaa Elgendy
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Vasiliki Pardali
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Erofili Giannakopoulou
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Grigoris Zoidis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel V. Schiavone
- Department of Chemistry and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Alex J. Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Nana B. Agyemang
- Department of Chemistry and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Ryan P. Murelli
- Department of Chemistry and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - John E. Tavis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Amelia K. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - James D. Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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6
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Schiavone DV, Kapkayeva DM, Li Q, Woodson ME, Casals AG, Morrison LA, Tavis JE, Murelli RP. Synthesis of Polyoxygenated Tropolones and their Antiviral Activity against Hepatitis B Virus and Herpes Simplex Virus-1. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104112. [PMID: 34984767 PMCID: PMC8858858 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Polyoxygenated tropolones possess a broad range of biological activity, and as a result are promising lead structures or fragments for drug development. However, structure-function studies and subsequent optimization have been challenging, in part due to the limited number of readily available tropolones and the obstacles to their synthesis. Oxidopyrylium [5+2] cycloaddition can effectively generate a diverse array of seven-membered ring carbocycles, and as a result can provide a highly general strategy for tropolone synthesis. Here, we describe the use of 3-hydroxy-4-pyrone-based oxidopyrylium cycloaddition chemistry in the synthesis of functionalized 3,7-dimethoxytropolones, 3,7-dihydroxytropolones, and isomeric 3-hydroxy-7-methoxytropolones through complementary benzyl alcohol-incorporating procedures. The antiviral activity of these molecules against herpes simplex virus-1 and hepatitis B virus is also described, highlighting the value of this approach and providing new structure-function insights relevant to their antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V. Schiavone
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA,PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Diana M. Kapkayeva
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
| | - Qilan Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
| | - Molly E. Woodson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
| | - Andreu Gazquez Casals
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
| | - Lynda A. Morrison
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
| | - John E. Tavis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
| | - Ryan P. Murelli
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA,PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
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7
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Bradley DP, O’Dea AT, Woodson ME, Li Q, Ponzar NL, Knier A, Rogers BL, Murelli RP, Tavis JE. Effects of Troponoids on Mitochondrial Function and Cytotoxicity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0161721. [PMID: 34694883 PMCID: PMC8765277 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01617-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-hydroxytropolones (αHTs) are troponoid inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication that can target HBV RNase H with submicromolar efficacies. αHTs and related troponoids (tropones and tropolones) can be cytotoxic in cell lines as measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assays that assess mitochondrial function. Previous studies suggest that tropolones induce cytotoxicity through inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. Therefore, we screened 35 diverse troponoids for effects on mitochondrial function, mitochondrial/nuclear genome ratios, cytotoxicity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Troponoids as a class did not inhibit respiration or glycolysis, although the α-ketotropolone subclass interfered with these processes. The troponoids had no impact on the mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA ratio after 3 days of compound exposure. The patterns of troponoid-induced cytotoxicity among three hepatic cell lines were similar for all compounds, but three potent HBV RNase H inhibitors were not cytotoxic in primary human hepatocytes. Tropolones and αHTs increased ROS production in cells at cytotoxic concentrations but had no effect at lower concentrations that efficiently inhibit HBV replication. Troponoid-mediated cytotoxicity was significantly decreased upon the addition of the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine. These studies show that troponoids can increase ROS production at high concentrations within cell lines, leading to cytotoxicity, but are not cytotoxic in primary hepatocytes. Future development of αHTs as potential therapeutics against HBV may need to mitigate ROS production by altering compound design and/or by coadministering ROS antagonists to ameliorate increased ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Bradley
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Saint Louis University Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Austin T. O’Dea
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Molly E. Woodson
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Saint Louis University Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Qilan Li
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Saint Louis University Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nathan L. Ponzar
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Saint Louis University Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alaina Knier
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Saint Louis University Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Ryan P. Murelli
- Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - John E. Tavis
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Saint Louis University Institute for Drug and Biotherapeutic Innovation, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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8
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Berkowitz AJ, Murelli RP. Synthesis of α-Tropolones through Autoxidation of Dioxole-Fused Cycloheptatrienes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4499-4507. [PMID: 35007070 PMCID: PMC9002940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the formation of tropolones through the autoxidation of Büchner reaction-derived cycloheptatrienes. The reaction is exceptionally simple procedurally, as it involves blowing a stream of compressed air over the cycloheptatriene, and the products can be obtained without any need for chromatography. The chemistry works specifically on dioxolane-fused systems or close variants, and substitution patterns are also important. A radical-based mechanistic hypothesis is put forward to explain these results. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the overall process in the synthesis of amide-appended tropolones and an isomer of stipitatic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Ryan P Murelli
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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9
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Alshammari GM, Yagoub AEA, Subash-Babu P, Hassan AB, Al-Nouri DM, Mohammed MA, Yahya MA, Elsayim R. Inhibition of Lipid Accumulation and Adipokine Levels in Maturing Adipocytes by Bauhinia rufescens (Lam.) Stem Bark Extract Loaded Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237238. [PMID: 34885819 PMCID: PMC8659042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports a cost-effective, environmentally friendly method to increase the bioavailability and bio-efficacy of B. rufescens stem bark extract in the biological system via functional modification as B. rufescens stem bark nanoparticles (BR-TO2-NPs). The biosynthesis of BR- -NPs was confirmed by UV-visible (UV-vis) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction analyses. The shifts in FT-IR stretching vibrations of carboxylic and nitro groups (1615 cm-1), the O-H of phenolics or carboxylic acids (3405 cm-1), alkanes, and alkyne groups (2925 and 2224 cm-1) of the plant extract and lattice (455) indicated successful biosynthesis of BR- -NPs. Compared with the stem bark extract, 40 ng/dL dose of BR- -NPs led to a reduction in adipogenesis and an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis-related gene expressions, adiponectin-R1, PPARγC1α, UCP-1, and PRDM16, in maturing-adipocytes. This confirmed the intracellular uptake, bioavailability, and bio-efficiency of BR-TiO2-NPs. The lipid-lowering capacity of BR-TiO2-NPs effectively inhibited the metabolic inflammation-related gene markers, IL-6, TNF-α, LTB4-R, and Nf-κb. Further, BR-TiO2-NPs stimulating mitochondrial thermogenesis capacity was proven by the significantly enhanced CREB-1 and AMPK protein levels in adipocytes. In conclusion, BR-TiO2-NPs effectively inhibited lipid accumulation and proinflammatory adipokine levels in maturing adipocytes; it may help to overcome obesity-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.M.A.); (P.S.-B.); (A.B.H.); (D.M.A.-N.); (M.A.M.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Abu ElGasim A. Yagoub
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.M.A.); (P.S.-B.); (A.B.H.); (D.M.A.-N.); (M.A.M.); (M.A.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pandurangan Subash-Babu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.M.A.); (P.S.-B.); (A.B.H.); (D.M.A.-N.); (M.A.M.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Amro B. Hassan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.M.A.); (P.S.-B.); (A.B.H.); (D.M.A.-N.); (M.A.M.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Doha M. Al-Nouri
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.M.A.); (P.S.-B.); (A.B.H.); (D.M.A.-N.); (M.A.M.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Mohammed A. Mohammed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.M.A.); (P.S.-B.); (A.B.H.); (D.M.A.-N.); (M.A.M.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Mohammed A. Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.M.A.); (P.S.-B.); (A.B.H.); (D.M.A.-N.); (M.A.M.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Rasha Elsayim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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10
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Matuszewska M, Maciąg T, Rajewska M, Wierzbicka A, Jafra S. The carbon source-dependent pattern of antimicrobial activity and gene expression in Pseudomonas donghuensis P482. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10994. [PMID: 34040089 PMCID: PMC8154892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas donghuensis P482 is a tomato rhizosphere isolate with the ability to inhibit growth of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. Herein, we analysed the impact of the carbon source on the antibacterial activity of P482 and expression of the selected genes of three genomic regions in the P482 genome. These regions are involved in the synthesis of pyoverdine, 7-hydroxytropolone (7-HT) and an unknown compound ("cluster 17") and are responsible for the antimicrobial activity of P482. We showed that the P482 mutants, defective in these regions, show variations and contrasting patterns of growth inhibition of the target pathogen under given nutritional conditions (with glucose or glycerol as a carbon source). We also selected and validated the reference genes for gene expression studies in P. donghuensis P482. Amongst ten candidate genes, we found gyrB, rpoD and mrdA the most stably expressed. Using selected reference genes in RT-qPCR, we assessed the expression of the genes of interest under minimal medium conditions with glucose or glycerol as carbon sources. Glycerol was shown to negatively affect the expression of genes necessary for 7-HT synthesis. The significance of this finding in the light of the role of nutrient (carbon) availability in biological plant protection is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Matuszewska
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Maciąg
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rajewska
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aldona Wierzbicka
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Jafra
- Laboratory of Plant Microbiology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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11
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Elagawany M, Maram L, Elgendy B. Novel synthesis of benzotriazolyl alkyl esters: an unprecedented CH 2 insertion. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7564-7569. [PMID: 35423285 PMCID: PMC8694985 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10413b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a novel method for the synthesis of benzotriazolyl alkyl esters (BAEs) from N-acylbenzotriazoles and dichloromethane (DCM) under mild conditions. This reaction is one of few examples to show the use of DCM as a C-1 surrogate in carbon-heteroatom bond formation and to highlight the versatility of using DCM as a methylene building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elagawany
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis College of Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt
| | - Lingaiah Maram
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis College of Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Bahaa Elgendy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis College of Pharmacy St. Louis MO 63110 USA
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University Benha 13518 Egypt
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12
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Shao J, Li Z, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Hu X. Synthesis and Bioactivity of Tropone Derivatives as Potential Compounds against Human Gastric Cancer Cells Growth. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202105014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Pierra Rouviere C, Dousson CB, Tavis JE. HBV replication inhibitors. Antiviral Res 2020; 179:104815. [PMID: 32380149 PMCID: PMC7293572 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus infections afflict >250 million people and kill nearly 1 million annually. Current non-curative therapies are dominated by nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) that profoundly but incompletely suppress DNA synthesis by the viral reverse transcriptase. Residual HBV replication during NA therapy contributes to maintenance of the critical nuclear reservoir of the HBV genome, the covalently-closed circular DNA, and to ongoing infection of naive cells. Identification of next-generation NAs with improved efficacy and safety profiles, often through novel prodrug approaches, is the primary thrust of ongoing efforts to improve HBV replication inhibitors. Inhibitors of the HBV ribonuclease H, the other viral enzymatic activity essential for viral genomic replication, are in preclinical development. The complexity of HBV's reverse transcription pathway offers many other potential targets. HBV's protein-priming of reverse transcription has been briefly explored as a potential target, as have the host chaperones necessary for function of the HBV reverse transcriptase. Improved inhibitors of HBV reverse transcription would reduce HBV's replication-dependent persistence mechanisms and are therefore expected to become a backbone of future curative combination anti-HBV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cyril B Dousson
- Ai-biopharma, Medicinal Chemistry Department, Montpellier, France.
| | - John E Tavis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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14
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Li Q, Lomonosova E, Donlin MJ, Cao F, O'Dea A, Milleson B, Berkowitz AJ, Baucom JC, Stasiak JP, Schiavone DV, Abdelmessih RG, Lyubimova A, Fraboni AJ, Bejcek LP, Villa JA, Gallicchio E, Murelli RP, Tavis JE. Amide-containing α-hydroxytropolones as inhibitors of hepatitis B virus replication. Antiviral Res 2020; 177:104777. [PMID: 32217151 PMCID: PMC7199283 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) ribonuclease H (RNaseH) is a promising but unexploited drug target. Here, we synthesized and analyzed a library of 57 amide-containing α-hydroxytropolones (αHTs) as potential leads for HBV drug development. Fifty percent effective concentrations ranged from 0.31 to 54 μM, with selectivity indexes in cell culture of up to 80. Activity against the HBV RNaseH was confirmed in semi-quantitative enzymatic assays with recombinant HBV RNaseH. The compounds were overall poorly active against human ribonuclease H1, with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 5.1 to >1,000 μM. The αHTs had modest activity against growth of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, but had very limited activity against growth of the Gram - bacterium Escherichia coli and the Gram + bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, indicating substantial selectivity for HBV. A molecular model of the HBV RNaseH templated against the Ty3 RNaseH was generated. Docking the compounds to the RNaseH revealed the anticipated binding pose with the divalent cation coordinating motif on the compounds chelating the two Mn++ ions modeled into the active site. These studies reveal that that amide αHTs can be strong, specific HBV inhibitors that merit further assessment toward becoming anti-HBV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilan Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Elena Lomonosova
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
| | - Maureen J Donlin
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
| | - Feng Cao
- John Cochran Division, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Austin O'Dea
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
| | - Brienna Milleson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Alex J Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA; Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, 11210, USA.
| | - John-Charles Baucom
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA; Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, 11210, USA.
| | - John P Stasiak
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA.
| | - Daniel V Schiavone
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA; Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, 11210, USA.
| | - Rudolf G Abdelmessih
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA.
| | - Anastasiya Lyubimova
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA.
| | - Americo J Fraboni
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA.
| | - Lauren P Bejcek
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA; Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, 11210, USA.
| | - Juan A Villa
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
| | - Emilio Gallicchio
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA; Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, 11210, USA; Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, 11210, USA.
| | - Ryan P Murelli
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, 11210, USA; Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, 11210, USA; Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY, 11210, USA.
| | - John E Tavis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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15
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Muzio FM, Agaras BC, Masi M, Tuzi A, Evidente A, Valverde C. 7‐hydroxytropolone is the main metabolite responsible for the fungal antagonism of
Pseudomonas donghuensis
strain SVBP6. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2550-2563. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico M. Muzio
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Beneficiosas para Plantas—Centro de Bioquímica y Microbiología del Suelo. Departamento de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversidad Nacional de Quilmes—CONICET, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal B1876BXD Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Betina C. Agaras
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Beneficiosas para Plantas—Centro de Bioquímica y Microbiología del Suelo. Departamento de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversidad Nacional de Quilmes—CONICET, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal B1876BXD Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Marco Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Angela Tuzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Claudio Valverde
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Beneficiosas para Plantas—Centro de Bioquímica y Microbiología del Suelo. Departamento de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversidad Nacional de Quilmes—CONICET, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal B1876BXD Buenos Aires Argentina
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16
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Lan P, Ye S, Banwell MG. The Application of Dioxygenase-Based Chemoenzymatic Processes to the Total Synthesis of Natural Products. Chem Asian J 2020; 14:4001-4012. [PMID: 31609526 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This Minireview describes the exploitation of certain enzymatically derived, readily accessible, and enantiomerically pure cis-1,2-dihydrocatechols as starting materials in the chemical synthesis of a range of biologically active natural products, most notably sesquiterpenoids and alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lan
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Sebastian Ye
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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17
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Balsa LM, Ruiz MC, Santa Maria de la Parra L, Baran EJ, León IE. Anticancer and antimetastatic activity of copper(II)-tropolone complex against human breast cancer cells, breast multicellular spheroids and mammospheres. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 204:110975. [PMID: 31911364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to display the anticancer and antimetastatic activity of a copper(II) with tropolone (trp), complex [Cu(trp)2] toward human breast cancer cells in monolayer (2D) and spheroids (3D). Cytotoxicity assays against MCF7 (IC50(complex) = 5.2 ± 1.8 μM, IC50(CDDP) = 19.3 ± 2.1 μM) and MDA-MB-231 (IC50(complex) = 4.0 ± 0.2 μM, IC50(CDDP) = 27.0 ± 1.9 μM) demonstrate that [Cu(trp)2] exert greater antitumor potency than cisplatin (CDDP) on 2D and 3D human breast cancer cell models. Besides, [Cu(trp)2] inhibits cell migration by reducing the metalloproteinases activities and the compound undergoes the breast cancer cells to apoptosis at lower concentrations (2.5-10 μM). Moreover, [Cu(trp)2] overcame CDDP presenting an IC50 value 26-fold more lower against breast multicellular spheroids ((IC50(complex) = 4.9 μM, IC50(CDDP) = 130 μM)). Also, our results showed that [Cu(trp)2] inhibited the cell migration and cell invasion of breast multicellular spheroids, showing that [Cu(trp)2] exhibited antimetastatic properties. On the other hand, [Cu(trp)2] reduced mammosphere forming capacity affecting the size and number of mammospheres. Taken together, [Cu(trp)2] exhibited anticancer and antimetastatic properties on monolayer (2D) and spheroids (3D) derived from human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M Balsa
- Inorganic Chemistry Center (CEQUINOR, CONICET), Exact School Sciences, National University of La Plata, Bv 120 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Maria C Ruiz
- Inorganic Chemistry Center (CEQUINOR, CONICET), Exact School Sciences, National University of La Plata, Bv 120 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lucia Santa Maria de la Parra
- Inorganic Chemistry Center (CEQUINOR, CONICET), Exact School Sciences, National University of La Plata, Bv 120 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Enrique J Baran
- Inorganic Chemistry Center (CEQUINOR, CONICET), Exact School Sciences, National University of La Plata, Bv 120 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ignacio E León
- Inorganic Chemistry Center (CEQUINOR, CONICET), Exact School Sciences, National University of La Plata, Bv 120 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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18
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Crisp AL, Noble B, Schwartz BD, Willis AC, Coote ML, Banwell MG. The Synthesis, Structural Characterisation and Chemical Manipulation of the [6+3] Cycloadduct Derived from α‐Tropolone
O
‐Methyl Ether and Trimethylenemethane. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antony L. Crisp
- Research School of Chemistry Institute of Advanced Studies The Australian National University Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Benjamin Noble
- Research School of Chemistry Institute of Advanced Studies The Australian National University Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Brett D. Schwartz
- Research School of Chemistry Institute of Advanced Studies The Australian National University Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research School of Chemistry Institute of Advanced Studies The Australian National University Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- Research School of Chemistry Institute of Advanced Studies The Australian National University Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry Institute of Advanced Studies The Australian National University Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
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