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Wu L, Liu C, Yao T, Shi Y, Shen J, Gao X, Qin K. Structural and Compositional Changes in Two Marine Shell Traditional Chinese Medicines: A Comparative Analysis Pre- and Post-Calcination. J AOAC Int 2024; 107:704-713. [PMID: 38492563 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arcae concha and Meretricis concha cyclinae concha are two marine shellfish herbs with similar composition and efficacy, which are usually calcined and used clinically. OBJECTIVE This study investigated variations in the inorganic and organic components of Arcae concha and Meretricis concha cyclinae concha from different production regions, both Arcae concha and Meretricis concha cyclinae concha. The aim was to enhance the understanding of these two types of marine shell traditional Chinese medicine (msTCM) and provide a foundation for their future development and application. METHOD Spectroscopic techniques, including infrared spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, were used to analyze the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) crystal and trace elements. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to investigate the decomposition process during heating. The proteins were quantified using the BCA protein assay kit. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to classify inorganic elements in the two marine shellfish traditional Chinese medicines. RESULTS No significant differences were found among the various production regions. The crystal structure of CaCO3 in the raw products was aragonite, but it transformed into calcite after calcination. The contents of Ca, Na, Sr, and other inorganic elements were highest. The protein content was significantly reduced after calcination. Therefore, these factors cannot accurately reflect the internal quality of TCM, rendering qualitative identification challenging. CaCO3 dissolution in the decoction of Arcae concha and Meretricis concha cyclinae concha increased after calcination, aligning with the clinical application of calcined shell TCM. PCA revealed the inorganic elements in them, indicating that the variation in trace element composition among different drugs leads to differences in their therapeutic focus, which should be considered during usage. CONCLUSIONS This study clarifies the composition and structure changes of corrugated and clam shell before and after calcining, and it lays the foundation for the comprehensive utilization of marine traditional Chinese medicine. HIGHLIGHTS These technical representations reveal the differences between raw materials and processed products, which will provide support for the quality control of other shellfish TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Wu
- Jiangsu Ocean University, School of Pharmacy, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Chenlu Liu
- Jiangsu Ocean University, School of Pharmacy, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Tao Yao
- Qinghai Xinda Biological Technology Co, Ltd, Xining 810100, PR China
| | - Yun Shi
- Jiangsu Ocean University, School of Pharmacy, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Jinyang Shen
- Jiangsu Ocean University, School of Pharmacy, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Xun Gao
- Jiangsu Ocean University, School of Pharmacy, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Kunming Qin
- Jiangsu Ocean University, School of Pharmacy, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
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Ragini B, Kandhasamy S, Jacob JP, Vijayakumar S. Synthesis and in vitro characteristics of biogenic-derived hydroxyapatite for bone remodeling applications. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:23-37. [PMID: 37952238 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The inorganic component of bone matrix, hydroxyapatite (HAp) (with formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), can be obtained from inexpensive waste resources that serve as excellent calcium precursors. In the present study, HAp nano-powder was synthesized from eggshells (ES) and crab shells (CS) by wet chemical precipitation method. Also, a hybrid sample was considered which is a mixture of HAp nano-powder synthesized from eggshells (25%) and crab shells (75%) (EC). The presence of phosphate, carbonate, and hydroxyl groups in the synthesized powder was confirmed through FTIR analysis. The phase composition was determined using XRD, and elemental analysis revealed a Ca/P ratio ranging from 1.5 to 1.8, confirming the HAp nature of the nano-powder, which ranged in size from 73 to 375 nm. Importantly, preliminary in vitro tests were conducted using mouse preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of the synthesized HAp. The results indicated excellent biocompatibility. Moreover, sample EC exhibited a significantly higher proliferation on days 3, 6, 9, and 12. EC demonstrated promising antimicrobial properties by exhibiting a significantly higher inhibitory effect against the bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli, and the fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Additionally, EC displayed notable antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 271.543 µg/ml and 407.764 µg/ml in DPPH and H2O2 assays, respectively. Furthermore, it showed strong anti-inflammatory properties, with a dose-dependent inhibition against protein denaturation. Given these findings, the synthesized HAp holds promise as a potential bone filler and could be beneficial for bone remodeling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ragini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Chengalpattu, 603308, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sivakumar Kandhasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Chengalpattu, 603308, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Justin Packia Jacob
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Sholinganallur, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sekar Vijayakumar
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, People's Republic of China
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Sekar S, Lee S. In Situ Facile Synthesis of Low-Cost Biogenic Eggshell-Derived Nanohydroxyapatite/Chitosan Biocomposites for Orthopedic Implant Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4302. [PMID: 36500924 PMCID: PMC9739235 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In situ facile synthesis and the characterization of nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAP/CS) biocomposites were investigated for examining their potential applications in orthopedic implant technology. Firstly, the bare nHAP, europium-doped hydroxyapatite (Eu-nHAP), yttrium-doped hydroxyapatite (Y-nHAP), and Eu- and Y-codoped hydroxyapatite (Eu,Y-nHAP) nanoparticles were synthesized by the wet precipitation technique using biowaste-eggshell-derived calcium oxide powders. Then, through ultrasonication using the nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan mixtures (molar ratio = 1:2), the nHAP/CS, Eu-nHAP/CS, Y-nHAP/CS, and Eu,Y-nHAP/CS biocomposites were fabricated. Among them, Eu,Y-nHAP/CS showed higher cell viability (94.9%), higher solubility (pH = 7.6 after 21 days), and greater antibacterial activity than those of the other composites. In addition, Eu,Y-nHAP/CS exhibited improved mechanical properties compared with the other composites. For example, the nanoindentation test displayed the Eu,Y-nHAP/CS-coated 316L stainless steel implant to possess a higher Young's modulus value (9.24 GPa) and greater hardness value (300.71 MPa) than those of the others. The results indicate that the biomass-eggshell-derived Eu,Y-doped nHAP is of good use for orthopedic implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Sekar
- Department of Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
- Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejoon Lee
- Department of Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
- Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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Krishnani KK, Boddu VM, Chadha NK, Chakraborty P, Kumar J, Krishna G, Pathak H. Metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles from plant, animal, and fisheries wastes: potential and valorization for application in agriculture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:81130-81165. [PMID: 36203045 PMCID: PMC9540199 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Global agriculture is facing tremendous challenges due to climate change. The most predominant amongst these challenges are abiotic and biotic stresses caused by increased incidences of temperature extremes, drought, unseasonal flooding, and pathogens. These threats, mostly due to anthropogenic activities, resulted in severe challenges to crop and livestock production leading to substantial economic losses. It is essential to develop environmentally viable and cost-effective green processes to alleviate these stresses in the crops, livestock, and fisheries. The application of nanomaterials in farming practice to minimize nutrient losses, pest management, and enhance stress resistance capacity is of supreme importance. This paper explores innovative methods for synthesizing metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles using plants, animals, and fisheries wastes and their valorization to mitigate abiotic and biotic stresses and input use efficiency in climate-smart and stress-resilient agriculture including crop plants, livestock, and fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Kumar Krishnani
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed University), Mumbai 400061, Versova, Andheri (W), India.
| | - Veera Mallu Boddu
- Center for Environmental Solutions & Emergency Response (CESER), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Narinder Kumar Chadha
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed University), Mumbai 400061, Versova, Andheri (W), India
| | - Puja Chakraborty
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed University), Mumbai 400061, Versova, Andheri (W), India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Institute of Pesticide Formulation Technology, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Gopal Krishna
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed University), Mumbai 400061, Versova, Andheri (W), India
| | - Himanshu Pathak
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Abdelgalil SA, Abo-Zaid GA. Bioprocess development as a sustainable platform for eco-friendly alkaline phosphatase production: an approach towards crab shells waste management. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:141. [PMID: 35842620 PMCID: PMC9287919 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are substantial environmental and health risks associated with the seafood industry's waste of crab shells. In light of these facts, shellfish waste management is critical for environmental protection against hazardous waste produced from the processing industries. Undoubtedly, improved green production strategies, which are based on the notion of "Green Chemistry," are receiving a lot of attention. Therefore, this investigation shed light on green remediation of the potential hazardous crab shell waste for eco-friendly production of bacterial alkaline phosphatase (ALP) through bioprocessing development strategies. Results It was discovered that by utilizing sequential statistical experimental designs, commencing with Plackett–Burman design and ending with spherical central composite design, and then followed by pH-uncontrolled cultivation conditions in a 7 L bench-top bioreactor, an innovative medium formulation could be developed that boosted ALP production from Bacillus licheniformis strain ALP3 to 212 U L−1. The highest yield of ALP was obtained after 22 h of incubation time with yield coefficient Yp/s of 795 U g−1, which was 4.35-fold higher than those obtained in the shake-flask system. ALP activity has a substantial impact on the volatilization of crab shell particles, as shown by the results of several analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry, TGA, DSC, EDS, FTIR, and XRD. Conclusions We highlighted in the current study that the biovalorization of crab shell waste and the production of cost-effective ALP were being combined and that this was accomplished via the use of a new and innovative medium formulation design for seafood waste management as well as scaling up production of ALP on the bench-top scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad A Abdelgalil
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Universities and Research Institutes Zone, New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Gaber A Abo-Zaid
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Universities and Research Institutes Zone, New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
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Effect of calcination temperature on structure and characteristics of calcium oxide powder derived from marine shell waste. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Adsorption of Reactive Dye onto Uçá Crab Shell (Ucides cordatus): Scale-Up and Comparative Studies. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14185876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in using low-cost methods that use natural sources makes the study of adsorption processes increasingly frequent and common. Thus, the use of uçá crab shell (Ucides cordatus) in the adsorption of reactive dye (reactive blue 222) was studied in two systems (S1 and S2) in a finite bath, with a scale-up of 12 times and considering different forms of agitation. The biosorbent material was previously characterized from FTIR and EDX spectroscopies, SEM, physical adsorption of N2, and point of zero charge. The kinetic study allowed modeling the experimental data and defining the equilibrium time for the S1 system as 400 min, and the S2 system as 360 min. The equilibrium adsorption capacities are 3.623 mg·g−1 (S1) and 4.191 mg·g−1 (S2). The pseudo-second-order (PSO) model best described the experimental data. The favorable multilayer adsorption was confirmed for the isothermal analysis, and the Freundlich and Sips models represented the experimental data of S1 and S2, respectively. The results obtained are positive indications of the scale-up of the S2 system.
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Seesanong S, Boonchom B, Chaiseeda K, Boonmee W, Laohavisuti N. Conversion of Bivalve Shells to Monocalcium and Tricalcium Phosphates: An Approach to Recycle Seafood Wastes. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164395. [PMID: 34442918 PMCID: PMC8401882 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The search for sustainable resources remains a subject of global interest and the conversion of the abundantly available bivalve shell wastes to advanced materials is an intriguing method. By grinding, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) powder was obtained from each shell of bivalves (cockle, mussel, and oyster) as revealed by FTIR and XRD results. Each individual shell powder was reacted with H3PO4 and H2O to prepare Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O giving an anorthic crystal structure. The calcination of the mixture of each shell powder and its produced Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O, at 900 °C for 3 h, resulted in rhombohedral crystal β-Ca3(PO4)2 powder. The FTIR and XRD data of the CaCO3, Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O, and Ca3(PO4)2 prepared from each shell powder are quite similar, showing no impurities. The thermal behaviors of CaCO3 and Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O produced from each shell were slightly different. However, particle sizes and morphologies of the same products obtained from different shells were slightly different-but those are significantly different for the kind of the obtained products. Overall, the products (CaCO3, Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O, and Ca3(PO4)2) were obtained from the bivalve shell wastes by a rapidly simple, environmentally benign, and low-cost approach, which shows huge potential in many industries providing both economic and ecological benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somkiat Seesanong
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand;
| | - Banjong Boonchom
- Advanced Functional Phosphate Material Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
- Municipal Waste and Wastewater Management Learning Center, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Kittichai Chaiseeda
- Organic Synthesis, Electrochemistry and Natural Product Research Unit (OSEN), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Wimonmat Boonmee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand;
| | - Nongnuch Laohavisuti
- Department of Animal Production Technology and Fishery, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand;
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Nutritional aspects, flavour profile and health benefits of crab meat based novel food products and valorisation of processing waste to wealth: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Balu SK, Andra S, Jeevanandam J, S MV, V S. Emerging marine derived nanohydroxyapatite and their composites for implant and biomedical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 119:104523. [PMID: 33940538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Implant materials must mimic natural human bones with biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and mechanical stability to successfully replace damaged or disease-affected bones. Synthetic hydroxyapatite was incorporated with bioglass to mimic natural bones for replacing conventional implant materials which has led to certain toxicity issues. Hence, hydroxyapatite (HAp) are recently gaining applicational importance as they are resembling the structure and function of natural bones. Further, nanosized HAp is under extensive research to utilize them as a potential replacement for traditional implants with several exclusive properties. However, chemical synthesis of nano-HAp exhibited toxicity towards normal and healthy cells. Recently, biogenic Hap synthesis from marine and animal sources are introduced as a next generation implant materials, due to their mineral ion and significant porous architecture mediated biocompatibility and bone bonding ability, compared to synthetic HAp. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to give a bird's eye view into the conventional approaches for fabricating nano-HAp, its limitations and the significance of using marine organisms and marine food wastes as a precursor for biogenic nano-Hap production. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro analyses of marine source derived nano-HAp and their potential biomedical applications were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Kumar Balu
- Department of Ceramic Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
| | - Swetha Andra
- Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600069, India
| | - Jaison Jeevanandam
- CQM-Centro de Quimica da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Manisha Vidyavathy S
- Department of Ceramic Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India.
| | - Sampath V
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
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Murchio S, Ding Y, Speranza G, Sorarù GD, Maniglio D. Ultrasound-Assisted Hydroxyapatite-Decorated Breath-Figure Polymer-Derived Ceramic Coatings for Ti6Al4V Substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50772-50783. [PMID: 33108160 PMCID: PMC8016169 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of nanoparticles (NPs) into the breath-figure-templated self-assembly (BFTSA) process is an increasingly common method to selectively decorate a surface porous structure. In the field of prosthetic devices, besides controlling the morphology and roughness of the structure, NPs can enhance the osteointegration mechanism because of their specific ion release. Among the most widely used NPs, there are silica and hydroxyapatite (HAp). In this work, we propose a novel one-stage method to fabricate NP-decorated surface porous structures that are suitable for prosthetic coating applications. This technique combines the classical direct BFTSA process with the cavitation effect induced by an ultrasonic atomizer that generates a mist of water droplets with embedded NPs. Coatings were successfully obtained by combining a UV cross-linkable polymer precursor, alkoxy silicone, with synthesized HAp NPs, on Ti6Al4V alloy discs. The cross-linked polymeric surface porous structures at selected concentrations were then pyrolyzed in an ammonia atmosphere to obtain a silicon oxynitride (SiON) ceramic coating. Herein, we report the chemical and morphological analyses of both the polymeric and ceramic coatings as well as the effect of NPs at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Murchio
- Department of Industrial
Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy
- BIOtech, Center for Biomedical Technologies, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Yifu Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University
of Colorado, 427 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
| | - Giorgio Speranza
- Fondazione
Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Institute of Photonics
and Nanotechnologies—CNR, Via alla Cascata 56/C Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Gian Domenico Sorarù
- Department of Industrial
Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Devid Maniglio
- Department of Industrial
Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy
- BIOtech, Center for Biomedical Technologies, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
- . Phone: (+39) 0461 282751
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