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Tee SY, Kong J, Koh JJ, Teng CP, Wang X, Wang X, Teo SL, Thitsartarn W, Han MY, Seh ZW. Structurally and surficially activated TiO 2 nanomaterials for photochemical reactions. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39268929 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02342k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Renewable fuels and environmental remediation are of paramount importance in today's world due to escalating concerns about climate change, pollution, and the finite nature of fossil fuels. Transitioning to sustainable energy sources and addressing environmental pollution has become an urgent necessity. Photocatalysis, particularly harnessing solar energy to drive chemical reactions for environmental remediation and clean fuel production, holds significant promise among emerging technologies. As a benchmark semiconductor in photocatalysis, TiO2 photocatalyst offers an excellent solution for environmental remediation and serves as a key tool in energy conversion and chemical synthesis. Despite its status as the default photocatalyst, TiO2 suffers from drawbacks such as a high recombination rate of charge carriers, low electrical conductivity, and limited absorption in the visible light spectrum. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the fundamental principles of photocatalytic reactions and presents recent advancements in the development of TiO2 photocatalysts. It specifically focuses on strategic approaches aimed at enhancing the performance of TiO2 photocatalysts, including improving visible light absorption for efficient solar energy harvesting, enhancing charge separation and transportation efficiency, and ensuring stability for robust photocatalysis. Additionally, the review delves into the application of photodegradation and photocatalysis, particularly in critical processes such as water splitting, carbon dioxide reduction, nitrogen fixation, hydrogen peroxide generation, and alcohol oxidation. It also highlights the novel use of TiO2 in plastic polymerization and degradation, showcasing its potential for converting plastic waste into valuable chemicals and fuels, thereby offering sustainable waste management solutions. By addressing these essential areas, the review offers valuable insights into the potential of TiO2 photocatalysis for addressing pressing environmental and energy challenges. Furthermore, the review encompasses the application of TiO2 photochromic systems, expanding its scope to include other innovative research and applications. Finally, it addresses the underlying challenges and provides perspectives on the future development of TiO2 photocatalysts. Through addressing these issues and implementing innovative strategies, TiO2 photocatalysis can continue to evolve and play a pivotal role in sustainable energy and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yin Tee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Junhua Kong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Justin Junqiang Koh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Choon Peng Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Xizu Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Xiaobai Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Siew Lang Teo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Warintorn Thitsartarn
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Ming-Yong Han
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zhi Wei Seh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
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Thakur N, Thakur N. Removal of organic dyes and free radical assay by encapsulating polyvinylpyrrolidone and Tinospora Cordifolia in dual (Co-Cu) doped TiO 2 nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122229. [PMID: 37479165 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic pollution refers to any water that has been used and discarded in different water bodies by industrial and commercial activities which contains a wide range of toxic substances and required treatment so that water can be safely reused for various purposes. In present paper, polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and plant Tinospora Cordifolia (T. Cordifolia) encapsulated dual doped cobalt-copper titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Co-Cu TNPs) has been synthesized via microwave-assisted method for the degradation aquatic pollutant dyes: Methyl Orange (MO) & Methylene Blue (MB). Using the encapsulated dual doped Co-Cu TNPs, free radical assays (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl: DPPH; Hydrogen peroxide: HP & Nitric oxide: NO) were also performed. Several physicochemical properties of encapsulated TNPs were examined using a variety of characterization techniques that helps in photocatalytic and antioxidant activity. The encapsulated TNPs exhibit tetragonal crystal lattice having average particles size between 25 and 38 nm with spherical shape morphology. The bandgap of encapsulated dual doped Co-Cu TNPs was found in the range of 3.25-3.29 eV. The binding of encapsulated dual doped Co-Cu TNPs were also calculated by using XPS which confirms the presence of dopants. The photocatalytic activity was performed with using control experiment and using encapsulated dual doped Co-Cu TNPs against MO and MB dyes. The results revealed that the degradation was observed up to 100% for the both MO and MB dyes. Also, antioxidant activity of encapsulated dual doped Co-Cu TNPs was observed against the DPPH, HO and NO assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikesh Thakur
- Department of Physics, Career Point University, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 176041, India; Centre for Nano-Science and Technology, Career Point University, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 176041, India
| | - Naveen Thakur
- Department of Physics, Career Point University, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 176041, India; Centre for Nano-Science and Technology, Career Point University, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, 176041, India.
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Ikram M, Rasheed F, Haider A, Naz S, Ul-Hamid A, Shahzadi A, Haider J, Shahzadi I, Hayat S, Ali S. Photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of graphene oxide/cellulose-doped TiO 2 quantum dots: in silico molecular docking studies. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3764-3776. [PMID: 36133332 PMCID: PMC9470022 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00383j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-doped TiO2 quantum dots (QDs) were effectively synthesized by employing the co-precipitation method for the degradation of dyes and antimicrobial applications. A series of characterizations, i.e., XRD, FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy, EDS, FE-SEM, and HR-TEM, was used to characterize the prepared samples. A reduction in PL intensity was observed, while the band gap energy (E g) decreased from 3.22 to 2.96 eV upon the incorporation of GO/CNC in TiO2. In the Raman spectra, the D and G bands were detected, indicating the presence of graphene oxide in the composites. Upon doping, the crystallinity of TiO2 increased. HR-TEM was employed to estimate the interlayer d-spacing of the nanocomposites, which matched well with the XRD data. The photocatalytic potential of the prepared samples was tested against methylene blue, methylene violet, and ciprofloxacin (MB:MV:CF) when exposed to visible light for a certain period. The antibacterial activity of GO/CNC/TiO2 QDs against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in vitro was tested to determine their potential for medicinal applications. The molecular docking investigations of CNC-TiO2 and GO/CNC-doped TiO2 against DNA gyrase and FabI from E. coli and S. aureus were found to be consistent with the results of the in vitro bactericidal activity test. We believe that the prepared nanocomposites will be highly efficient for wastewater treatment and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikram
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore Lahore 54000 Punjab Pakistan
| | - Fahad Rasheed
- Department of Physics, Riphah Institute of Computing and Applied Sciences (RICAS), Riphah International University 14 Ali Road Lahore Pakistan
| | - Ali Haider
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan 6000 Pakistan
| | - Sadia Naz
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Anwar Ul-Hamid
- Core Research Facilities, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Anum Shahzadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan
| | - Junaid Haider
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Iram Shahzadi
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab 54000 Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Hayat
- Department of Physics, Riphah Institute of Computing and Applied Sciences (RICAS), Riphah International University 14 Ali Road Lahore Pakistan
| | - Salamat Ali
- Department of Physics, Riphah Institute of Computing and Applied Sciences (RICAS), Riphah International University 14 Ali Road Lahore Pakistan
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Gupta NK, Vikrant K, Kim KS, Kim KH, Giannakoudakis DA. Regeneration strategies for metal–organic frameworks post acidic gas capture. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Yin Z, Zhang Q, Li S, Cagnetta G, Huang J, Deng S, Yu G. Mechanochemical synthesis of catalysts and reagents for water decontamination: Recent advances and perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153992. [PMID: 35192815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to provide insights on mechanochemistry as a green and versatile tool to synthesize advanced materials for water remediation. In particular, mechanochemical methodologies for preparation of reagents and catalysts for the removal of organic pollutants are reviewed and discussed, focusing on those materials that, directly or indirectly, induce redox reactions in the contaminants (i.e., photo-, persulfate-, ozone-, and Fenton-catalysts, as well as redox reagents). Methods reported in the literature include surface reactivity enhancement for single-component materials, as well as multi-component material design to obtain synergistic effects in catalytic efficiency and/or reactivity. It was also amply demonstrated that mechanochemical surface activation or the incorporation of catalytic/reactive components boost the generation of reactive species in water by accelerating charge transfer, increasing superficial active sites, and developing pollutant absorption. Finally, indications for potential future developments in this field are debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies (BLEFT), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qianxin Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies (BLEFT), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shangyi Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies (BLEFT), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Giovanni Cagnetta
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies (BLEFT), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies (BLEFT), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Shubo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies (BLEFT), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies (BLEFT), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Mdlovu NV, Yang NC, Lin KS, Chang CJ, Dinh KT, Lin YG. Formulation and characterization of W-doped titania nanotubes for adsorption/photodegradation of methylene blue and basic violet 3 dyes. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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7
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Gupta N, Bae J, Kim KS. From MOF-199 Microrods to CuO Nanoparticles for Room-Temperature Desulfurization: Regeneration and Repurposing Spent Adsorbents as Sustainable Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:25631-25641. [PMID: 34632219 PMCID: PMC8495871 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MOF-199 is one of the well-studied metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for the capture of small gas molecules. In this study, we have investigated the thermal transformation of MOF-199 microrods to CuO nanoparticles by various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The growth of oxide was initiated by the formation of ∼2.5 nm particles at 200 °C, which ended up as CuO nanoparticles of ∼100-250 nm size at 550 °C. An intermediate presence of Cu2O along with CuO was recorded at 280 °C. The MOF and calcined products were tested for the room-temperature desulfurization process. MOF-199 showed the maximum adsorption capacity for H2S gas (77.1 mg g-1) among all adsorbents studied. Also, MOF-199 showed a better regeneration efficiency than the derived oxide. For a sustainable process, the exhausted adsorbents were used for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. The exhausted materials showed better degradation efficiencies than the fresh materials. This study reports new sustainable approaches for MOF-199 application in air and water decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishesh
Kumar Gupta
- University
of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Land, Water, and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang 10223, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeol Bae
- University
of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Land, Water, and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang 10223, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Kim
- University
of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Land, Water, and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang 10223, Republic of Korea
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8
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Nabi I, Bacha AUR, Ahmad F, Zhang L. Application of titanium dioxide for the photocatalytic degradation of macro- and micro-plastics: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 9:105964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.105964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
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9
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Jawale NS, Arbuj SS, Umarji GG, Rane SB. Synthesis of Anatase/Brookite Mixed Phase TiO
2
Nanostructures and its Photocatalytic Performance Study. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niteen S. Jawale
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET) Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Government of India Panchawati Off Pashan Road Pune 411008 India
| | - Sudhir S. Arbuj
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET) Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Government of India Panchawati Off Pashan Road Pune 411008 India
| | - Govind G. Umarji
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET) Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Government of India Panchawati Off Pashan Road Pune 411008 India
| | - Sunit B. Rane
- Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET) Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Government of India Panchawati Off Pashan Road Pune 411008 India
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Tavakoli-Azar T, Mahjoub AR, Sadjadi MS, Ghaznavi- Ghoushchi M. Improving photocatalyst performance of CdTiO3 via binary Co@CdTiO3 and ternary Co@CdTiO3@S nanocomposites utilizing synergistic effect of adsorption-photocatalytic under sunlight. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Zhao M, Zhang N, Yang R, Chen D, Zhao Y. Which is Better for Nanomedicines: Nanocatalysts or Single-Atom Catalysts? Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001897. [PMID: 33326185 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid advancements in nanotechnology and materials science, numerous nanomaterials have been used as catalysts for nanomedical applications. Their design and modification according to the microenvironment of diseases have been shown to achieve effective treatment. Chemists are in pursuit of nanocatalysts that are more efficient, controllable, and less toxic by developing innovative synthetic technologies and improving existing ones. Recently, single-atom catalysts (SACs) with excellent catalytic activity and high selectivity have attracted increasing attention because of their accurate design as nanomaterials at the atomic level, thereby highlighting their potential for nanomedical applications. In this review, the recent advances in nanocatalysts and SACs are briefly summarized according to their synthesis, characterizations, catalytic mechanisms, and nanomedical applications. The opportunities and future scope for their development and the issues and challenges for their application as nanomedicine are also discussed. As far as it is known, the review is the systematic comparison of nanocatalysts and SACs, especially in the field of nanomedicine, which has promoted the development of nanocatalytic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University No. 100 Kexue Ave Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University No. 100 Kexue Ave Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases Zhengzhou University No. 100 Kexue Ave Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University No. 100 Kexue Ave Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases Zhengzhou University No. 100 Kexue Ave Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Ruigeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University No. 100 Kexue Ave Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases Zhengzhou University No. 100 Kexue Ave Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Deliang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University No. 100 Kexue Ave Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 P. R. China
| | - Yongxing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University No. 100 Kexue Ave Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases Zhengzhou University No. 100 Kexue Ave Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
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Li H, Robichaud J, Djaoued Y. A simple way to fabricate pure anatase 2D TiO 2 IO monolayer: structure, color control and its application in electrochromism. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8065-8072. [PMID: 35423313 PMCID: PMC8695061 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10648h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pure anatase two dimensional (2D) TiO2 inverse opal (IO) films, consisting of a highly ordered hexagonal-patterned structure, are synthesized from various sized polystyrene spheres (PS) as colloidal template simply coupled with TiOSO4 aqueous solution as TiO2 precursor using a “dynamic-hard-template infiltration” strategy. Herein, the TiOSO4 solution is directly infiltrated into the interstices of the 2D self-assembled PS opal template at an air/water interface resulting in a TiOSO4/PS opal composite film floating on the surface of water which was further deposited onto ITO or silicon substrates. Calcination of the obtained opal composite films at temperatures ranging from 300 to 550 °C resulted in 2D TiO2 IO films with various pore sizes having an inverse moth's eye structure. Based on EDS measurements, sulfur ions S6+ were detected in the IO films calcined up to 550 °C. In order to eliminate these S6+ ions and obtain pure anatase 2D TiO2 IO, aqueous immersion was performed after calcination without disturbance of the IO ordered structure. Surface morphology, crystal phase and optical transmittance of the TiO2 IO films, were concurrently investigated by SEM, Raman and UV-vis-NIR. Owing to their precisely adjustable structure, the obtained TiO2 2D IO films exhibited structural colors varying from pale purple, to blue, to polychrome as the array period increases. The films obtained on ITO substrates were successfully used as active electrodes in the fabrication of electrochromic (EC) devices. Pure anatase TiO2 2D IO films produced by “dynamic-hard-template infiltration” strategy simply using TiOSO4 aqueous solution as precursor and templated from various PS spheres diameters exhibit distinct structural colors and EC optical modulation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Matériaux et Micro-spectroscopies Raman et FTIR, Université de Moncton Campus de Shippagan Shippagan NB E8S1P6 Canada
| | - Jacques Robichaud
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Matériaux et Micro-spectroscopies Raman et FTIR, Université de Moncton Campus de Shippagan Shippagan NB E8S1P6 Canada
| | - Yahia Djaoued
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Matériaux et Micro-spectroscopies Raman et FTIR, Université de Moncton Campus de Shippagan Shippagan NB E8S1P6 Canada
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Dubey RS, Jadkar SR, Bhorde AB. Synthesis and Characterization of Various Doped TiO 2 Nanocrystals for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3470-3482. [PMID: 33585733 PMCID: PMC7876674 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Few works are reported on solvothermal preparation of nanoparticles by utilizing acetone alone without a surfactant. This synthesis approach is found to be prominent for producing the mesoporous structure, which is crucial in improving the dye loading of the photoanode. In addition, doping of metal ions is advantageous in order to bring down the excitation energy, which is promising for boosting the performance of the doped oxides. This research aims to synthesize various kinds of doped-TiO2 nanocrystals to serve as photoanode materials in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). An X-ray diffraction study evidenced the existence of the crystalline phase in pure and doped-TiO2 nanocrystals. Rietveld refinement study showed the mixed phases of crystalline TiO2 in the CrT, CuNT, and ST as compared to a single anatase phase in the samples PT, AgT, BT, CoT, FeT, SnT, ZT, VT, and ZMT. The absorption spectroscopy analysis demonstrated the reduced optical band gap from 3.10 to 2.79 eV. Scanning electron microscopy investigation endorsed the formation of TiO2 mesoporous microspheres with a mean diameter ranging from 200 to 331 nm along with a nanocrystal diameter ranging from 10 to 20 nm. Doping with the different dopants enhanced the conversion efficiency of DSSCs from 1.31 to ∼6%. Furthermore, we have performed the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of DSSCs, and the findings are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghvendra S. Dubey
- Advanced
Research Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Devices, Department of Nanotechnology, Swarnandhra College of Engineering and Technology, Seetharampuram, Narsapur (A.P.) 534280, India
| | - Sandesh R. Jadkar
- Department
of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, (M.S.) Pune 411007, India
| | - Ajinkya B. Bhorde
- Department
of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, (M.S.) Pune 411007, India
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14
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Abstract
This article presents an overview of the reports on the doping of TiO2 with carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, including single, co-, and tri-doping. A comparison of the properties of the photocatalysts synthesized from various precursors of TiO2 and C, N, or S dopants is summarized. Selected methods of synthesis of the non-metal doped TiO2 are also described. Furthermore, the influence of the preparation conditions on the doping mode (interstitial or substitutional) with reference to various types of the modified TiO2 is summarized. The mechanisms of photocatalysis for the different modes of the non-metal doping are also discussed. Moreover, selected applications of the non-metal doped TiO2 photocatalysts are shown, including the removal of organic compounds from water/wastewater, air purification, production of hydrogen, lithium storage, inactivation of bacteria, or carbon dioxide reduction.
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