1
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Gonçalves PAD, García de Abajo FJ. Interrogating Quantum Nonlocal Effects in Nanoplasmonics through Electron-Beam Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4242-4249. [PMID: 37172322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A rigorous account of quantum nonlocal effects is paramount for understanding the optical response of metal nanostructures and for designing plasmonic devices at the nanoscale. Here, we present a scheme for retrieving the quantum surface response of metals, encapsulated in the Feibelman d-parameters, from electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements. We theoretically demonstrate that quantum nonlocal effects have a dramatic impact on EELS and CL spectra, in the guise of spectral shifts and nonlocal damping, when either the system size or the inverse wave vector in extended structures approaches the nanometer scale. Our concept capitalizes on the unparalleled ability of free electrons to supply deeply subwavelength near-fields and, thus, probe the optical response of metals at length scales in which quantum-mechanical effects are apparent. These results pave the way for a widespread use of the d-parameter formalism, thereby facilitating a rigorous yet practical inclusion of nonclassical effects in nanoplasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A D Gonçalves
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Hauer R, Haberfehlner G, Kothleitner G, Kociak M, Hohenester U. Tomographic Reconstruction of Quasistatic Surface Polariton Fields. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:185-196. [PMID: 36691424 PMCID: PMC9853846 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the tomographic reconstruction of the three-dimensional photonic environment of nanoparticles. As input for our reconstruction we use electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) maps for different rotation angles. We perform the tomographic reconstruction of surface polariton fields for smooth and rough nanorods and compare the reconstructed and simulated photonic local density of states, which are shown to be in very good agreement. Using these results, we critically examine the potential of our tomography scheme and discuss limitations and directions for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Hauer
- Graz
Centre for Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17, 8010Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gerald Kothleitner
- Graz
Centre for Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17, 8010Graz, Austria
- Institute
for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Mathieu Kociak
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique
des Solides, 91405Orsay, France
| | - Ulrich Hohenester
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010Graz, Austria
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3
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Bourgeois MR, Nixon AG, Chalifour M, Beutler EK, Masiello DJ. Polarization-Resolved Electron Energy Gain Nanospectroscopy With Phase-Structured Electron Beams. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7158-7165. [PMID: 36036765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Free-electron-based measurements in scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEMs) reveal valuable information on the broadband spectral responses of nanoscale systems with deeply subdiffraction limited spatial resolution. Leveraging recent advances in manipulating the spatial phase profile of the transverse electron wavefront, we theoretically describe interactions between the electron probe and optically stimulated nanophotonic targets in which the probe gains energy while simultaneously transitioning between transverse states with distinct phase profiles. Exploiting the selection rules governing such transitions, we propose phase-shaped electron energy gain nanospectroscopy for probing the 3D polarization-resolved response field of an optically excited target with nanoscale spatial resolution. Considering ongoing instrumental developments, polarized generalizations of STEM electron energy loss and gain measurements hold the potential to become powerful tools for fundamental studies of quantum materials and their interaction with nearby nanostructures supporting localized surface plasmon or phonon polaritons as well as for noninvasive imaging and nanoscale 3D field tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Bourgeois
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Austin G Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Matthieu Chalifour
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Elliot K Beutler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David J Masiello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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4
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Li X, Haberfehlner G, Hohenester U, Stéphan O, Kothleitner G, Kociak M. Three-dimensional vectorial imaging of surface phonon polaritons. Science 2021; 371:1364-1367. [PMID: 33766884 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) are coupled photon-phonon excitations that emerge at the surfaces of nanostructured materials. Although they strongly influence the optical and thermal behavior of nanomaterials, no technique has been able to reveal the complete three-dimensional (3D) vectorial picture of their electromagnetic density of states. Using a highly monochromated electron beam in a scanning transmission electron microscope, we could visualize varying SPhP signatures from nanoscale MgO cubes as a function of the beam position, energy loss, and tilt angle. The SPhPs' response was described in terms of eigenmodes and used to tomographically reconstruct the phononic surface electromagnetic fields of the object. Such 3D information promises insights in nanoscale physical phenomena and is invaluable to the design and optimization of nanostructures for fascinating new uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay. France
| | - Georg Haberfehlner
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Hohenester
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Odile Stéphan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay. France
| | - Gerald Kothleitner
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria. .,Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Mathieu Kociak
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay. France.
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5
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Zeng Y, Madsen SJ, Yankovich AB, Olsson E, Sinclair R. Comparative electron and photon excitation of localized surface plasmon resonance in lithographic gold arrays for enhanced Raman scattering. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23768-23779. [PMID: 33232431 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability to tune the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of nanostructures is desirable for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), plasmon-assisted chemistry and other nanophotonic applications. Although historically the LSPR is mainly studied by optical techniques, with the recent advancement in electron monochromators and correctors, it has attracted considerable attention in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Here, we use electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a scanning TEM to study individual gold nanodiscs and bowties in lithographic arrays with variable LSPRs by adjusting the size, interspacing, shape and dielectric environment during the nanofabrication process. We observe the strongest Raman signal enhancement when the LSPR frequency is close to the incident laser frequency in Raman spectroscopy. A simplified harmonic oscillator model is used to estimate SERS enhancement factor (EF) from EELS, bridging the connection between electron and photon excitation of plasmonic arrays. This work demonstrates that STEM-EELS shows promise for revealing the contributions of specific LSPR modes to SERS EF. Our results provide guidelines to fine-tune nanoparticle parameters to deliver the maximum signal enhancement in biosensing applications, such as early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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6
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Suzuki H, Imaeda K, Mizobata H, Imura K. Spatial characteristics of optical fields near a gold nanorod revealed by three-dimensional scanning near-field optical microscopy. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:014708. [PMID: 31914735 DOI: 10.1063/1.5131709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We visualize plasmon mode patterns induced in a single gold nanorod by three-dimensional scanning near-field optical microscopy. From the near-field transmission imaging, we find that 3rd and 4th order plasmon modes are resonantly excited in the nanorod. We perform electromagnetic simulations based on the discrete dipole approximation method under focused Gaussian beam illumination and demonstrate that the observed near-field spectral and spatial features are well reproduced by the simulation. We also reveal from the three-dimensional near-field microscopy that the 4th order plasmon mode confines optical fields more tightly compared with the 3rd order mode. This result indicates that the even-order plasmon modes are promising for enhancing the light-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Imaeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Mizobata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kohei Imura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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7
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Zhang KJ, Lu DB, Da B, Ding ZJ. Coupling of Surface Plasmon Modes and Refractive Index Sensitivity of Hollow Silver Nanoprism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15993. [PMID: 30375478 PMCID: PMC6207745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon (LSP) modes depend strongly on the morphology of nanoparticle and the surrounding dielectric medium. The hollow nanostructure provides a new way to modulate the surface plasmon modes due to the additional cavity surface. In this work, we study systematically the multipolar surface plasmon modes of hollow silver nanoprism (HSN) by simulation of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectra based on the boundary element method (BEM). Herein the effects of the cavity size and position are taken into account. The LSP modes of HSNs are compared with those of perfect silver nanoprism (SN). The red-shift behaviors of multipolar modes can be found as increasing the cavity size. Modes A and C have similar red-shift tendency and obey the plasmon ruler equation, which can be explained by dipole-dipole coupling mode. Meanwhile, the degenerate modes will be split by changing the cavity position, and opposite shift tendencies of split degenerate states are observed. These are caused by different coupling nature of degenerate modes. Moreover, high refractive index sensitivity (RIS) can be obtained for HSN by changing the cavity size and position.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - D B Lu
- Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - B Da
- Center for Materials Research by Information Integration, Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan.
| | - Z J Ding
- Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.
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8
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Haran G, Chuntonov L. Artificial Plasmonic Molecules and Their Interaction with Real Molecules. Chem Rev 2018; 118:5539-5580. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Haran
- Chemical and Biological Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 760001, Israel
| | - Lev Chuntonov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
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9
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Effect of asymmetric morphology on coupling surface plasmon modes and generalized plasmon ruler. Ultramicroscopy 2018; 185:55-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Haberfehlner G, Schmidt FP, Schaffernak G, Hörl A, Trügler A, Hohenau A, Hofer F, Krenn JR, Hohenester U, Kothleitner G. 3D Imaging of Gap Plasmons in Vertically Coupled Nanoparticles by EELS Tomography. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:6773-6777. [PMID: 28981295 PMCID: PMC5683695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic gap modes provide the ultimate confinement of optical fields. Demanding high spatial resolution, the direct imaging of these modes was only recently achieved by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). However, conventional 2D STEM-EELS is only sensitive to components of the photonic local density of states (LDOS) parallel to the electron trajectory. It is thus insensitive to specific gap modes, a restriction that was lifted with the introduction of tomographic 3D EELS imaging. Here, we show that by 3D EELS tomography the gap mode LDOS of a vertically stacked nanotriangle dimer can be fully imaged. Besides probing the complete mode spectrum, we demonstrate that the tomographic approach allows disentangling the signal contributions from the two nanotriangles that superimpose in a single measurement with a fixed electron trajectory. Generally, vertically coupled nanoparticles enable the tailoring of 3D plasmonic fields, and their full characterization will thus aid the development of complex nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Haberfehlner
- Graz
Centre for Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
- E-mail:
| | - Franz-Philipp Schmidt
- Institute
of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Schaffernak
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anton Hörl
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Trügler
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Hohenau
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ferdinand Hofer
- Graz
Centre for Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Joachim R. Krenn
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Hohenester
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Kothleitner
- Graz
Centre for Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
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11
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Collins SM, Midgley PA. Progress and opportunities in EELS and EDS tomography. Ultramicroscopy 2017; 180:133-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Tomographic imaging of the photonic environment of plasmonic nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2017; 8:37. [PMID: 28652567 PMCID: PMC5484695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The photonic local density of states (LDOS) governs the enhancement of light-matter interaction at the nanoscale, but despite its importance for nanophotonics and plasmonics experimental local density of states imaging remains extremely challenging. Here we introduce a tomography scheme based on electron microscopy that allows retrieval of the three-dimensional local density of states of plasmonic nanoparticles with nanometre spatial and sub-eV energy resolution. From conventional electron tomography experiments we obtain the three-dimensional morphology of the nanostructure, and use this information to compute an expansion basis for the photonic environment. The expansion coefficients are obtained through solution of an inverse problem using as input electron-energy loss spectroscopy images. We demonstrate the applicability of our scheme for silver nanocuboids and coupled nanodisks, and resolve local density of states enhancements with extreme sub-wavelength dimensions in hot spots located at roughness features or in gaps of coupled nanoparticles.Imaging the photonic local density of states of plasmonic nanoparticles remains extremely challenging. Here, the authors introduce a tomography scheme based on electron microscopy that allows retrieval of the three-dimensional local density of states with nanometre spatial and sub-eV energy resolution.
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13
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Flauraud V, Bernasconi GD, Butet J, Alexander DTL, Martin OJF, Brugger J. Mode Coupling in Plasmonic Heterodimers Probed with Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2017; 11:3485-3495. [PMID: 28290663 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While plasmonic antennas composed of building blocks made of the same material have been thoroughly studied, recent investigations have highlighted the unique opportunities enabled by making compositionally asymmetric plasmonic systems. So far, mainly heterostructures composed of nanospheres and nanodiscs have been investigated, revealing opportunities for the design of Fano resonant nanostructures, directional scattering, sensing and catalytic applications. In this article, an improved fabrication method is reported that enables precise tuning of the heterodimer geometry, with interparticle distances made down to a few nanometers between Au-Ag and Au-Al nanoparticles. A wide range of mode energy detuning and coupling conditions are observed by near field hyperspectral imaging performed with electron energy loss spectroscopy, supported by full wave analysis numerical simulations. These results provide direct insights into the mode hybridization of plasmonic heterodimers, pointing out the influence of each dimer constituent in the overall electromagnetic response. By relating the coupling of nondipolar modes and plasmon-interband interaction with the dimer geometry, this work facilitates the development of plasmonic heterostructures with tailored responses, beyond the possibilities offered by homodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Flauraud
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microtechnique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel D Bernasconi
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérémy Butet
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Duncan T L Alexander
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Electron Microscopy (CIME), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier J F Martin
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Brugger
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microtechnique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Yu R, Liz-Marzán LM, García de Abajo FJ. Universal analytical modeling of plasmonic nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:6710-6724. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00919k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Analytical expressions are applied to calculate the plasmonic spectra of nanoparticles with arbitrary morphology, in excellent agreement with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwen Yu
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona)
- Spain
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- Bionanoplasmonics Laboratory
- CIC biomaGUNE
- 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
- Ikerbasque
| | - F. Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques
- The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
- 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona)
- Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
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15
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Haberfehlner G, Trügler A, Schmidt FP, Hörl A, Hofer F, Hohenester U, Kothleitner G. Correlated 3D Nanoscale Mapping and Simulation of Coupled Plasmonic Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:7726-30. [PMID: 26495933 PMCID: PMC4643356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Electron tomography in combination with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) experiments and simulations was used to unravel the interplay between structure and plasmonic properties of a silver nanocuboid dimer. The precise 3D geometry of the particles fabricated by means of electron beam lithography was reconstructed through electron tomography, and the full three-dimensional information was used as an input for simulations of energy-loss spectra and plasmon resonance maps. Excellent agreement between experiment and theory was found throughout, bringing the comparison between EELS imaging and simulations to a quantitative and correlative level. In addition, interface mode patterns, normally masked by the projection nature of a transmission microscopy investigation, could be unambiguously identified through tomographic reconstruction. This work overcomes the need for geometrical assumptions or symmetry restrictions of the sample in simulations and paves the way for detailed investigations of realistic and complex plasmonic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Haberfehlner
- Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute for Electron
Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University
of Technology, Steyrergasse
17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Trügler
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Franz P. Schmidt
- Institute for Electron
Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University
of Technology, Steyrergasse
17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anton Hörl
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ferdinand Hofer
- Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute for Electron
Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University
of Technology, Steyrergasse
17, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Hohenester
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Kothleitner
- Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy, Steyrergasse 17, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute for Electron
Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University
of Technology, Steyrergasse
17, 8010 Graz, Austria
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