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Fenske RJ, Wienkes HN, Peter DC, Schaid MD, Hurley LD, Pennati A, Galipeau J, Kimple ME. Gα z-independent and -dependent Improvements With EPA Supplementation on the Early Type 1 Diabetes Phenotype of NOD Mice. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae100. [PMID: 38831864 PMCID: PMC11146416 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a key mediator of inflammation and is derived from the omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA). In the β-cell, the PGE2 receptor, Prostaglandin EP3 receptor (EP3), is coupled to the unique heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit, Gɑz to reduce the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a key signaling molecule that activates β-cell function, proliferation, and survival pathways. Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice are a strong model of type 1 diabetes (T1D), and NOD mice lacking Gɑz are protected from hyperglycemia. Therefore, limiting systemic PGE2 production could potentially improve both the inflammatory and β-cell dysfunction phenotype of T1D. Here, we sought to evaluate the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) feeding, which limits PGE2 production, on the early T1D phenotype of NOD mice in the presence and absence of Gαz. Wild-type and Gαz knockout NOD mice were fed a control or EPA-enriched diet for 12 weeks, beginning at age 4 to 5 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance, splenic T-cell populations, islet cytokine/chemokine gene expression, islet insulitis, measurements of β-cell mass, and measurements of β-cell function were quantified. EPA diet feeding and Gɑz loss independently improved different aspects of the early NOD T1D phenotype and coordinated to alter the expression of certain cytokine/chemokine genes and enhance incretin-potentiated insulin secretion. Our results shed critical light on the Gαz-dependent and -independent effects of dietary EPA enrichment and provide a rationale for future research into novel pharmacological and dietary adjuvant therapies for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Fenske
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Clinical Research Unit, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Haley N Wienkes
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Darby C Peter
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michael D Schaid
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Liam D Hurley
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Andrea Pennati
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michelle E Kimple
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Neuman JC, Reuter A, Carbajal KA, Schaid MD, Kelly G, Connors K, Kaiser C, Krause J, Hurley LD, Olvera A, Davis DB, Wisinski JA, Gannon M, Kimple ME. The prostaglandin E 2 EP3 receptor has disparate effects on islet insulin secretion and content in β-cells in a high-fat diet-induced mouse model of obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E567-E576. [PMID: 38477664 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00061.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Signaling through prostaglandin E2 EP3 receptor (EP3) actively contributes to the β-cell dysfunction of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In T2D models, full-body EP3 knockout mice have a significantly worse metabolic phenotype than wild-type controls due to hyperphagia and severe insulin resistance resulting from loss of EP3 in extra-pancreatic tissues, masking any potential beneficial effects of EP3 loss in the β cell. We hypothesized β-cell-specific EP3 knockout (EP3 βKO) mice would be protected from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced glucose intolerance, phenocopying mice lacking the EP3 effector, Gαz, which is much more limited in its tissue distribution. When fed a HFD for 16 wk, though, EP3 βKO mice were partially, but not fully, protected from glucose intolerance. In addition, exendin-4, an analog of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide 1, more strongly potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets from both control diet- and HFD-fed EP3 βKO mice as compared with wild-type controls, with no effect of β-cell-specific EP3 loss on islet insulin content or markers of replication and survival. However, after 26 wk of diet feeding, islets from both control diet- and HFD-fed EP3 βKO mice secreted significantly less insulin as a percent of content in response to stimulatory glucose, with or without exendin-4, with elevated total insulin content unrelated to markers of β-cell replication and survival, revealing severe β-cell dysfunction. Our results suggest that EP3 serves a critical role in temporally regulating β-cell function along the progression to T2D and that there exist Gαz-independent mechanisms behind its effects.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The EP3 receptor is a strong inhibitor of β-cell function and replication, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for the disease. Yet, EP3 has protective roles in extrapancreatic tissues. To address this, we designed β-cell-specific EP3 knockout mice and subjected them to high-fat diet feeding to induce glucose intolerance. The negative metabolic phenotype of full-body knockout mice was ablated, and EP3 loss improved glucose tolerance, with converse effects on islet insulin secretion and content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Neuman
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Austin Reuter
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kathryn A Carbajal
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Michael D Schaid
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Grant Kelly
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kelsey Connors
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Cecilia Kaiser
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Joshua Krause
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Lacrosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Liam D Hurley
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Angela Olvera
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Dawn Belt Davis
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jaclyn A Wisinski
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Lacrosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Michelle E Kimple
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Mancuzo DC, Machado NM, Teppedino J, Santander L, Calder PC, Waitzberg DL, Torrinhas RS. Effect of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on circulating oxylipin profile in women with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2024; 200:102605. [PMID: 38141589 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic inflammation associated with obesity directly contributes to metabolic comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a highly effective treatment for obesity-associated T2D. We investigated the effect of RYGB on the circulating profile of oxylipins derived from arachidonic (ARA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids as a potential mechanism underlying the metabolic benefits of the surgery. METHODS Plasma samples were collected from 28 women with obesity and T2D before and 3 months after RYGB. Circulating levels of oxylipins and their precursors, along with biochemical markers of glucose homeostasis, were evaluated using untargeted mass spectrometry and routine biochemical techniques, respectively. RESULTS No significant changes were observed in the levels of oxylipins derived from EPA and DHA. However, there was an increase in ARA and its derived oxylipins, TXB2 (an inert derivative of TXA2) and PGD2 (Wilcoxon, p ≤ 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between hemoglobin A1c levels and TXB2 as well as ARA levels (Spearman, p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the anti-inflammatory oxylipins derived from EPA and DHA may not be involved in the metabolic benefits associated with RYGB. However, the findings indicate that the pro-inflammatory oxylipin TXA2 and its precursor ARA may negatively impact glucose homeostasis both before and after RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Cavalari Mancuzo
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System (LIM 35), Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Natasha Mendonça Machado
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System (LIM 35), Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Teppedino
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System (LIM 35), Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Nutrologia Clínica, Hospital Sírio Libanês de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Lucas Santander
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System (LIM 35), Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Linetzky Waitzberg
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System (LIM 35), Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Susana Torrinhas
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Surgery of the Digestive System (LIM 35), Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Keller MP, Hudkins KL, Shalev A, Bhatnagar S, Kebede MA, Merrins MJ, Davis DB, Alpers CE, Kimple ME, Attie AD. What the BTBR/J mouse has taught us about diabetes and diabetic complications. iScience 2023; 26:107036. [PMID: 37360692 PMCID: PMC10285641 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human and mouse genetics have delivered numerous diabetogenic loci, but it is mainly through the use of animal models that the pathophysiological basis for their contribution to diabetes has been investigated. More than 20 years ago, we serendipidously identified a mouse strain that could serve as a model of obesity-prone type 2 diabetes, the BTBR (Black and Tan Brachyury) mouse (BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J, 2018) carrying the Lepob mutation. We went on to discover that the BTBR-Lepob mouse is an excellent model of diabetic nephropathy and is now widely used by nephrologists in academia and the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, we describe the motivation for developing this animal model, the many genes identified and the insights about diabetes and diabetes complications derived from >100 studies conducted in this remarkable animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kelly L. Hudkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anath Shalev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, UK
| | - Sushant Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, UK
| | - Melkam A. Kebede
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Merrins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Dawn Belt Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Charles E. Alpers
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michelle E. Kimple
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Alan D. Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Role of Oxylipins in the Inflammatory-Related Diseases NAFLD, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121238. [PMID: 36557276 PMCID: PMC9788263 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (oxylipins) are bioactive molecules established as important mediators during inflammation. Different classes of oxylipins have been found to have opposite effects, e.g., pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and anti-inflammatory resolvins. Production of the different classes of oxylipins occurs during distinct stages of development and resolution of inflammation. Chronic inflammation is involved in the progression of many pathophysiological conditions and diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity. Determining oxylipin profiles before, during, and after inflammatory-related diseases could provide clues to the onset, development, and prevention of detrimental conditions. This review focusses on recent developments in our understanding of the role of oxylipins in inflammatory disease, and outlines novel technological advancements and approaches to study their action.
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Fenske RJ, Weeks AM, Daniels M, Nall R, Pabich S, Brill AL, Peter DC, Punt M, Cox ED, Davis DB, Kimple ME. Plasma Prostaglandin E 2 Metabolite Levels Predict Type 2 Diabetes Status and One-Year Therapeutic Response Independent of Clinical Markers of Inflammation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121234. [PMID: 36557272 PMCID: PMC9783643 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over half of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are unable to achieve blood glucose targets despite therapeutic compliance, significantly increasing their risk of long-term complications. Discovering ways to identify and properly treat these individuals is a critical problem in the field. The arachidonic acid metabolite, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), has shown great promise as a biomarker of β-cell dysfunction in T2D. PGE2 synthesis, secretion, and downstream signaling are all upregulated in pancreatic islets isolated from T2D mice and human organ donors. In these islets, preventing β-cell PGE2 signaling via a prostaglandin EP3 receptor antagonist significantly improves their glucose-stimulated and hormone-potentiated insulin secretion response. In this clinical cohort study, 167 participants, 35 non-diabetic, and 132 with T2D, were recruited from the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics. At enrollment, a standard set of demographic, biometric, and clinical measurements were performed to quantify obesity status and glucose control. C reactive protein was measured to exclude acute inflammation/illness, and white cell count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and fasting triglycerides were used as markers of systemic inflammation. Finally, a plasma sample for research was used to determine circulating PGE2 metabolite (PGEM) levels. At baseline, PGEM levels were not correlated with WBC and triglycerides, only weakly correlated with ESR, and were the strongest predictor of T2D disease status. One year after enrollment, blood glucose management was assessed by chart review, with a clinically-relevant change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) defined as ≥0.5%. PGEM levels were strongly predictive of therapeutic response, independent of age, obesity, glucose control, and systemic inflammation at enrollment. Our results provide strong support for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J. Fenske
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, UW Health University Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Alicia M. Weeks
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael Daniels
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Randall Nall
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Samantha Pabich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Allison L. Brill
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Darby C. Peter
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Margaret Punt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Cox
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Dawn Belt Davis
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Correspondence: (D.B.D.); (M.E.K.); Tel.: +1-1-608-263-2443 (D.B.D.); +1-1-608-265-5627 (M.E.K.)
| | - Michelle E. Kimple
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Correspondence: (D.B.D.); (M.E.K.); Tel.: +1-1-608-263-2443 (D.B.D.); +1-1-608-265-5627 (M.E.K.)
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7
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Effects of Arachidonic Acid and Its Metabolites on Functional Beta-Cell Mass. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040342. [PMID: 35448529 PMCID: PMC9031745 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a polyunsaturated 20-carbon fatty acid present in phospholipids in the plasma membrane. The three primary pathways by which AA is metabolized are mediated by cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. These three pathways produce eicosanoids, lipid signaling molecules that play roles in biological processes such as inflammation, pain, and immune function. Eicosanoids have been demonstrated to play a role in inflammatory, renal, and cardiovascular diseases as well type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Alterations in AA release or AA concentrations have been shown to affect insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cell, leading to interest in the role of AA and its metabolites in the regulation of beta-cell function and maintenance of beta-cell mass. In this review, we discuss the metabolism of AA by COX, LOX, and CYP, the roles of these enzymes and their metabolites in beta-cell mass and function, and the possibility of targeting these pathways as novel therapies for treating diabetes.
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Wisinski JA, Reuter A, Peter DC, Schaid MD, Fenske RJ, Kimple ME. Prostaglandin EP3 receptor signaling is required to prevent insulin hypersecretion and metabolic dysfunction in a non-obese mouse model of insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E479-E489. [PMID: 34229444 PMCID: PMC8560379 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00051.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
When homozygous for the LeptinOb mutation (Ob), Black-and-Tan Brachyury (BTBR) mice become morbidly obese and severely insulin resistant, and by 10 wk of age, frankly diabetic. Previous work has shown prostaglandin EP3 receptor (EP3) expression and activity is upregulated in islets from BTBR-Ob mice as compared with lean controls, actively contributing to their β-cell dysfunction. In this work, we aimed to test the impact of β-cell-specific EP3 loss on the BTBR-Ob phenotype by crossing Ptger3 floxed mice with the rat insulin promoter (RIP)-CreHerr driver strain. Instead, germline recombination of the floxed allele in the founder mouse-an event whose prevalence we identified as directly associated with underlying insulin resistance of the background strain-generated a full-body knockout. Full-body EP3 loss provided no diabetes protection to BTBR-Ob mice but, unexpectedly, significantly worsened BTBR-lean insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. This in vivo phenotype was not associated with changes in β-cell fractional area or markers of β-cell replication ex vivo. Instead, EP3-null BTBR-lean islets had essentially uncontrolled insulin hypersecretion. The selective upregulation of constitutively active EP3 splice variants in islets from young, lean BTBR mice as compared with C57BL/6J, where no phenotype of EP3 loss has been observed, provides a potential explanation for the hypersecretion phenotype. In support of this, high islet EP3 expression in Balb/c females versus Balb/c males was fully consistent with their sexually dimorphic metabolic phenotype after loss of EP3-coupled Gαz protein. Taken together, our findings provide a new dimension to the understanding of EP3 as a critical brake on insulin secretion.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Islet prostaglandin EP3 receptor (EP3) signaling is well known as upregulated in the pathophysiological conditions of type 2 diabetes, contributing to β-cell dysfunction. Unexpected findings in mouse models of non-obese insulin sensitivity and resistance provide a new dimension to our understanding of EP3 as a key modulator of insulin secretion. A previously unknown relationship between mouse insulin resistance and the penetrance of rat insulin promoter-driven germline floxed allele recombination is critical to consider when creating β-cell-specific knockouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn A Wisinski
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-LaCrosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Austin Reuter
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Darby C Peter
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Michael D Schaid
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rachel J Fenske
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Michelle E Kimple
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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