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de Lima LF, Barbosa PP, Simeoni CL, de Paula RFDO, Proenca-Modena JL, de Araujo WR. Electrochemical Paper-Based Nanobiosensor for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Monkeypox Virus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58079-58091. [PMID: 38063784 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection was classified as a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2022, being transmitted between humans by large respiratory droplets, in contact with skin lesions, fomites, and sexually. Currently, there are no available accessible and simple-to-use diagnostic tests that accurately detect MPXV antigens for decentralized and frequent testing. Here, we report an electrochemical biosensor to detect MPXV antigens in saliva and plasma samples within 15 min using accessible materials. The electrochemical system was manufactured onto a paper substrate engraved by a CO2 laser machine, modified with gold nanostructures (AuNS) and a monoclonal antibody, enabling sensitive detection of A29 viral protein. The diagnostic test is based on the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and can be run by a miniaturized potentiostat connected to a smartphone. The impedimetric biosensing method presented excellent analytical parameters, enabling the detection of A29 glycoprotein in the concentration ranging from 1 × 10-14 to 1 × 10-7 g mL-1, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.0 × 10-16 g mL-1. Furthermore, it enabled the detection of MPXV antigens in the concentration ranging from 1 × 10-1 to 1 × 104 PFU mL-1, with an LOD of 7.8 × 10-3 PFU mL-1. Importantly, no cross-reactivity was observed when our device was tested in the presence of other poxvirus and nonpoxvirus strains, indicating the adequate selectivity of our nanobiosensor for MPXV detection. Collectively, the nanobiosensor presents high greenness metrics associated with the use of a reproducible and large-scale fabrication method, an accessible and sustainable paper substrate, and a low volume of sample (2.5 μL), which could facilitate frequent testing of MPXV at point-of-care (POC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas F de Lima
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscilla P Barbosa
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila L Simeoni
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosemeire F de O de Paula
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Proenca-Modena
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - William R de Araujo
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Kim Y, Kang D, Kim S, Hong E, Jang M. Capacitance Contribution of NIH/3T3 Cells Existing on and between Electrodes of an Impedance Biosensor. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:970. [PMID: 37998145 PMCID: PMC10669850 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an impedance biosensor capable of real-time monitoring of the growth and drug reactions using NIH/3T3 cells was fabricated through a semiconductor process. With the fabricated impedance biosensor, the cell growth and drug reaction states are monitored in real-time, showing the validness of the developed biosensor. By using the developed impedance biosensor, we have investigated the capacitance contribution of NIH/3T3 cells existing on electrodes and between electrodes. To compare the capacitance value contributions of the cells on and between electrodes, wide- and narrow-gap electrode patterns are manufactured with 3.7 and 0.3 mm electrode gap spacings, respectively. From the detailed analysis, the capacitance contributions of NIH/3T3 cells existing on electrodes are estimated around less than 20 percent compared to the cells existing between electrodes. In other words, a minimized electrode area with maximized electrode spacing is the promising impedance biosensor design guide for accurate cell capacitance measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeeun Kim
- School of Semiconductor & Display Technology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (D.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Dahyun Kang
- School of Semiconductor & Display Technology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (D.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Seokgyu Kim
- School of Semiconductor & Display Technology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (D.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Eunchae Hong
- Department of Life Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
| | - Moongyu Jang
- School of Semiconductor & Display Technology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (D.K.); (S.K.)
- Center of Nano Convergence Technology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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Ali A, Zhang GF, Hu C, Yuan B, Jahan S, Kitsios GD, Morris A, Gao SJ, Panat R. Ultrarapid and ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients via a 3D-printed nanomaterial-based biosensing platform. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5808-5826. [PMID: 35981973 PMCID: PMC9538259 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of antibodies during infection and after vaccination is critical for the control of infectious outbreaks, understanding immune response, and evaluating vaccine efficacy. In this manuscript, we evaluate a simple ultrarapid test for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients, which gives quantitative results (i.e., antibody concentration) in 10-12 s using a previously reported nanomaterial-based three-dimensional (3D)-printed biosensing platform. This platform consists of a micropillar array electrode fabricated via 3D printing of aerosolized gold nanoparticles and coated with nanoflakes of graphene and specific SARS-CoV-2 antigens, including spike S1, S1 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N). The sensor works on the principle of electrochemical transduction, where the change of sensor impedance is realized by the interactions between the viral proteins attached to the sensor electrode surface and the antibodies. The three sensors were used to test samples from 17 COVID-19 patients and 3 patients without COVID-19. Unlike other serological tests, the 3D sensors quantitatively detected antibodies at a concentration as low as picomole within 10-12 s in human plasma samples. We found that the studied COVID-19 patients had higher concentrations of antibodies to spike proteins (RBD and S1) than to the N protein. These results demonstrate the enormous potential of the rapid antibody test platform for understanding patients' immunity, disease epidemiology and vaccine efficacy, and facilitating the control and prevention of infectious epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahar Ali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA,Current address: Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences,
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061 USA
| | - George Fei Zhang
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA
| | - Chunshan Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA
| | - Sanjida Jahan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA
| | - Georgios D. Kitsios
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine,
Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,
15213 USA
| | - Alison Morris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine,
Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,
15213 USA
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA,Corresponding Authors: R. Panat,
, phone: +1-412-268-2501; and S.-J. Gao,
, phone: +1-412-339-9484
| | - Rahul Panat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA,Corresponding Authors: R. Panat,
, phone: +1-412-268-2501; and S.-J. Gao,
, phone: +1-412-339-9484
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Kimura Y, Tohmyoh H. Copper Oxide Solution Sensor Formed on a Thin Film Having Nanowires for Detecting Ethanol in Water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11573-11580. [PMID: 36112469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solution sensors are required to detect analytes in liquids with high sensitivity and response speed for environmental and health monitoring. In this study, we introduce the concept of a Cu oxide thin film having nanowires as a solution sensor for detecting ethanol in water. The Cu oxide sensor with grains and nanowires of different shapes was fabricated by a simple method of heating a Cu thin film and dropping an Ag conductive paste. Sensing parameters and mechanisms were evaluated by current-voltage and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. In the Cu oxide sensor formed on thin film having a large number of nanowires fabricated by heating at 400 °C for 5 h, the sensor sensitivity was 0.96 at 0.1 vol % ethanol concentration, and the response time was 313 s at a voltage of 0.1 V. The Cu oxide sensor detects ethanol by the change in electrical resistance caused by the reaction between ethanol molecules and the lattice oxygen on the Cu oxide surface. Therefore, the large nanowire surface area leads to a higher sensor sensitivity and a faster response time. Furthermore, the grain and nanowire regions on the thin film are represented by equivalent circuits. A high correlation was observed between the sensor sensitivity and the time constant calculated from the equivalent circuit. The proposed Cu oxide solution sensor and detection mechanism offer designs to improve the performance of chemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Kimura
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hironori Tohmyoh
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Tintelott M, Kremers T, Ingebrandt S, Pachauri V, Vu XT. Realization of a PEDOT:PSS/Graphene Oxide On-Chip Pseudo-Reference Electrode for Integrated ISFETs. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22082999. [PMID: 35458984 PMCID: PMC9032565 DOI: 10.3390/s22082999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A stable reference electrode (RE) plays a crucial role in the performance of an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) for bio/chemical sensing applications. There is a strong demand for the miniaturization of the RE for integrated sensor systems such as lab-on-a-chip (LoC) or point-of-care (PoC) applications. Out of several approaches presented so far to integrate an on-chip electrode, there exist critical limitations such as the effect of analyte composition on the electrode potential and drifts during the measurements. In this paper, we present a micro-scale solid-state pseudo-reference electrode (pRE) based on poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) coated with graphene oxide (GO) to deploy with an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET)-based sensor platform. The PEDOT:PSS was electropolymerized from its monomer on a micro size gold (Au) electrode and, subsequently, a thin GO layer was deposited on top. The stability of the electrical potential and the cross-sensitivity to the ionic strength of the electrolyte were investigated. The presented pRE exhibits a highly stable open circuit potential (OCP) for up to 10 h with a minimal drift of ~0.65 mV/h and low cross-sensitivity to the ionic strength of the electrolyte. pH measurements were performed using silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (SiNW-FETs), using the developed pRE to ensure good gating performance of electrolyte-gated FETs. The impact of ionic strength was investigated by measuring the transfer characteristic of a SiNW-FET in two electrolytes with different ionic strengths (1 mM and 100 mM) but the same pH. The performance of the PEDOT:PSS/GO electrode is similar to a commercial electrochemical Ag/AgCl reference electrode.
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Anthi J, Kolivoška V, Holubová B, Vaisocherová-Lísalová H. Probing polymer brushes with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: a mini review. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7379-7391. [PMID: 34693954 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01330k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymer brushes are frequently used as surface-tethered antifouling layers in biosensors to improve sensor surface-analyte recognition in the presence of abundant non-target molecules in complex biological samples by suppressing nonspecific interactions. However, because brushes are complex systems highly responsive to changes in their surrounding environment, studying their properties remains a challenge. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an emerging method in this context. In this mini review, we aim to elucidate the potential of EIS for investigating the physicochemical properties and structural aspects of polymer brushes. The application of EIS in brush-based biosensors is also discussed. Most common principles employed in these biosensors are presented, as well as interpretation of EIS data obtained in such setups. Overall, we demonstrate that the EIS-polymer brush pairing has a considerable potential for providing new insights into brush functionalities and designing highly sensitive and specific biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judita Anthi
- Institute of Physics of the CAS, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Holubová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
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