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Zhan K, Kanj AB, Heinke L. Classification and Identification of Perfume Scents by an Enantioselective Colorimetric Sensor Array of Chiral Metal-Organic-Framework-Based Fabry-Pérot Films. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400798. [PMID: 38623849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Many odors, like perfumes, are complex mixtures of chiral and achiral molecules where the cost-efficient (enantio-)selective sensing represents a major technical challenge. Here, we present a colorimetric sensor array of surface-mounted metal-organic-framework (SURMOF) films in Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavities. The optical properties of the FP-SURMOF films with different chiral and achiral structures are affected by the (enantio-)selective adsorption of the analytes in the SURMOF pores, resulting in different responses to the analyte molecules. The read-out of the sensor array is performed by the digital camera of a common smartphone, where the RGB values are determined. By analyzing the sensor array data with simple machine learning algorithms, the analytes are discriminated. After demonstrating the enantioselective response for a pair of pure chiral odor molecules, we apply the sensor array to detect and discriminate a large number (16) of common commercial perfumes and eau de toilettes. While our untrained human nose is not able to discriminate all perfumes, the presented colorimetric sensor array can classify all perfumes with great classification accuracy. Moreover, the sensor array was used to identify unlabeled samples correctly. We foresee such an FP-chiral-SURMOF-based sensor array as a powerful approach toward inexpensive selective odors sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhan
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044, Beijing, China
| | - Anemar Bruno Kanj
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Lars Heinke
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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2
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Estany-Macià A, Fort-Grandas I, Joshi N, Svendsen WE, Dimaki M, Romano-Rodríguez A, Moreno-Sereno M. ZIF-8-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance and Fabry-Pérot Sensors for Volatile Organic Compounds. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4381. [PMID: 39001159 PMCID: PMC11244607 DOI: 10.3390/s24134381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
This work explores the use of ZIF-8, a metal-organic framework (MOF) material, for its use in the optical detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Fabry-Pérot and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based sensors. The experiments have been carried out with ethanol (EtOH) and show response times as low as 30 s under VOC-saturated atmospheres, and the estimated limit of detection is below 4000 ppm for both sensor types. The selectivity towards other VOCs is relatively poor, although the dynamics of adsorption/desorption differ for each VOC and could be used for selectivity purposes. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of ZIF-8 has been confirmed and the fabricated sensors are insensitive to this compound, which is a very attractive result for its practical use in gas sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Estany-Macià
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Fort-Grandas
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nirav Joshi
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Winnie E Svendsen
- Group NABIS, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maria Dimaki
- Group NABIS, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Albert Romano-Rodríguez
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mauricio Moreno-Sereno
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Mishra S, Patel C, Pandey D, Mukherjee S, Raghuvanshi A. Semiconducting 2D Copper(I) Iodide Coordination Polymer as a Potential Chemiresistive Sensor for Methanol. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311448. [PMID: 38326094 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The development of a cost-effective, ultra-selective, and room temperature gas sensor is the need of an hour, owing to the rapid industrialization. Here, a new 2D semiconducting Cu(I) coordination polymer (CP) with 1,4-di(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzene (1,4-TzB) ligand is reported. The CP1 consists of a Cu2I2 secondary building unit bridged by 1,4-TzB, and has high stability as well as semiconducting properties. The chemiresistive sensor, developed by a facile drop-casting method derived from CP1, demonstrates a response value of 66.7 at 100 ppm on methanol exposure, accompanied by swift transient (response and recovery time 17.5 and 34.2 s, respectively) behavior. In addition, the developed sensor displays ultra-high selectivity toward methanol over other volatile organic compounds , boasting LOD and LOQ values of 1.22 and 4.02 ppb, respectively. The CP is found to be a state-of-the-art chemiresistive sensor with ultra-high sensitivity and selectivity toward methanol at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivendu Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Chandrabhan Patel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Dilip Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Shaibal Mukherjee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
- Centre for Advance Electronics (CAE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Abhinav Raghuvanshi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
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Li WB, Liang G, Chen DJ, Ye JW, Liu JW, Li J, Shao HY, Mo ZW, Chen XM. Metal-Organic Framework Based Sensors for Benzene Vapor. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304334. [PMID: 38388776 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Sensing of benzene vapor is a hot spot due to the volatile drastic carcinogen even at trace concentration. However, achieving convenient and rapid detection is still a challenge. As a sort of functional porous material, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been developed as detection sensors by adsorbing benzene vapor and converting it into other signals (fluorescence intensity/wavelength, chemiresistive, weight or color, etc.). Supramolecular interaction between benzene molecules and the host framework, aperture size/shape and structural flexibility are influential factors in the performance of MOF-based sensors. Therefore, enhancing the host-guest interactions between the host framework and benzene molecules, or regulating the diffusion rate of benzene molecules by changing the aperture size/shape and flexibility of the host framework to enhance the detection signal are effective strategies for constructing MOF-based sensors. This concept highlights several types of MOF-based sensors for the detection of benzene vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Guangdong, 529020, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Gang Liang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Guangdong, 529020, China
| | - De-Jian Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Guangdong, 529020, China
| | - Jia-Wen Ye
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Guangdong, 529020, China
| | - Jie-Wei Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Guangdong, 529020, China
| | - Jing Li
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering (IAPME), University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Huai-Yu Shao
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering (IAPME), University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zong-Wen Mo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Guangdong, 529020, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Ma Z, Zhang Y, Xue Z, Fan Y, Wang L, Wang H, Zhong A, Xu J. Thermodynamically and Kinetically Enhanced Benzene Vapor Sensor Based on the Cu-TCPP-Cu MOF with Extremely Low Limit of Detection. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1906-1915. [PMID: 38565844 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
As a carcinogenic and highly neurotoxic hazardous gas, benzene vapor is particularly difficult to be distinguished in BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) atmosphere and be detected in low concentrations due to its chemical inertness. Herein, we develop a depth-related pore structure in Cu-TCPP-Cu to thermodynamically and kinetically enhance the adsorption of benzene vapor and realize the detection of ultralow-temperature benzene gas. We find that the in-plane π electronic nature and proper pore sizes in Cu-TCPP-Cu can selectively induce the adsorption and diffusion of BTEX. Interestingly, the theoretical calculations (including density functional theory (DFT) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations) exhibit that benzene molecules are preferred to adsorb and array as a consecutive arrangement mode in the Cu-TCPP-Cu pore, while the TEX (toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) dominate the jumping arrangement model. The differences in distribution behaviors can allow adsorption and diffusion of more benzene molecules within limited room. Furthermore, the optimal pore-depth range (60-65 nm) of Cu-TCPP-Cu allows more exposure of active sites and hinders the gas-blocking process. The optimized sensor exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity to benzene vapor (155 Hz/μg@1 ppm), fast response time (less than 10 s), extremely low limit of detection (65 ppb), and excellent selectivity (83%). Our research thus provides a fundamental understanding to design and optimize two-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF)-based gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Ma
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhenggang Xue
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu Fan
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - He Wang
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Aihua Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiaqiang Xu
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
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Okur S, Hashem T, Bogdanova E, Hodapp P, Heinke L, Bräse S, Wöll C. Optimized Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds Utilizing Durable and Selective Arrays of Tailored UiO-66-X SURMOF Sensors. ACS Sens 2024; 9:622-630. [PMID: 38320750 PMCID: PMC10898453 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with their well-defined and highly flexible nanoporous architectures, provide a material platform ideal for fabricating sensors. We demonstrate that the efficacy and specificity of detecting and differentiating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be significantly enhanced using a range of slightly varied MOFs. These variations are obtained via postsynthetic modification (PSM) of a primary framework. We alter the original MOF's guest adsorption affinities by incorporating functional groups into the MOF linkers, which yields subtle changes in responses. These responses are subsequently evaluated by using machine learning (ML) techniques. Under severe conditions, such as high humidity and acidic environments, sensor stability and lifespan are of utmost importance. The UiO-66-X MOFs demonstrate the necessary durability in acidic, neutral, and basic environments with pH values ranging from 2 to 11, thus surpassing most other similar materials. The UiO-66-NH2 thin films were deposited on quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors in a high-temperature QCM liquid cell using a layer-by-layer pump method. Three different, highly stable surface-anchored MOFs (SURMOFs) of UiO-66-X obtained via the PSM approach (X: NH2, Cl, and N3) were employed to fabricate arrays suitable for electronic nose applications. These fabricated sensors were tested for their capability to distinguish between eight VOCs. Data from the sensor array were processed using three distinct ML techniques: linear discriminant (LDA), nearest neighbor (k-NN), and neural network analysis methods. The discrimination accuracies achieved were nearly 100% at high concentrations and over 95% at lower concentrations (50-100 ppm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Okur
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Tawheed Hashem
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Evgenia Bogdanova
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Hodapp
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces
3–Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory (IBG3–SML), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lars Heinke
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Kaiserstrasse 12,, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Biological and Chemical
Systems–Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS–FMS), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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7
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Cao Y, Fu M, Fan S, Gao C, Ma Z, Hou D. Hydrophobic MOF/PDMS-Based QCM Sensors for VOCs Identification and Quantitative Detection in High-Humidity Environments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7721-7731. [PMID: 38289237 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have great potential in quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) platforms for volatile organic compound (VOCs) detection and recognition due to their unique properties. However, the MOFs' hydrophilicity degrades performance in high-humidity environments, limiting reliable VOC sensing in complex environments. Herein, we propose a novel VOC virtual sensor array (VSA) using a single QCM sensor with an adsorption layer composed of MIL-101(Cr) MOF and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), realizing stable sensing and accurate identification for different VOCs under various relative humidity (RH) conditions. The hydrophobic PDMS layer improves the moisture resistance of the sensor to 4 and 14 times in terms of shifts in resonant frequency and scattering parameters, respectively. In addition, performance is maintained over 2 days of water treatment, demonstrating superior water resistance. The highest sensitivity of 2.68 mdB ppm-1 is achieved for isopropanol detection, with the lowest limit of detection of 20.06 ppm for acetone. Combining resonant signals and lumped parameters, the proposed VSA technique effectively discriminates four VOCs (ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, and acetonitrile) with a high accuracy of 95.3% under both 60% and 90% RH backgrounds. The studies provide a promising solution for reliable low-concentration VOC detection using QCM sensors in high-humidity environments such as underground spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Cao
- College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Mengyao Fu
- College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shuyu Fan
- College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chenyang Gao
- College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Dibo Hou
- College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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8
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E V, Ghadei SK, Ruidas S, Bhakta V, Sakthivel R, Sankaran KJ, Bhaumik A, Dalapati S. A Metal-Free Triazacoronene-Based Bimodal VOC Sensor. ACS Sens 2024; 9:251-261. [PMID: 38207113 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Developing suitable sensors for selective and sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is crucial for monitoring indoor and outdoor air quality. VOCs are very harmful to our health upon inhalation or contact. Bimodal sensor materials with more than one transduction capability (optical and electrical) offer the ability to extract complementary information from the individual analyte, thus improving detection accuracy and performance. The privilege of manipulating the optoelectronic properties of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-based semiconducting materials offers rapid signal transduction in multimodal sensing applications. A thiophene-functionalized triazacoronene (TTAC) donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type sensor is reported here for VOC sensing. The single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of the TTAC revealed that a distinctive supramolecular polymer architecture was formed because of cooperative π-π and intermolecular D-A interactions and exhibited rapid signal transduction upon exposure to specific VOCs. The TTAC-embedded green luminescent paper-based test strip exhibited an on-off fluorescence response upon nitrobenzene vapor exposure for 120 s. The selective and rapid response is due to the fast photoinduced electron transfer, as is evident from the time-resolved excited-state dynamics and density functional theory studies. The thick-film-based prototype chemiresistive sensor detects harmful VOCs in a custom-made gas sensing system including benzene, toluene, and nitrobenzene. The TTAC sensor rapidly responds (200 s) at relatively low temperatures (180 οC) compared to other reported metal-oxide-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varadharajan E
- Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
| | - Surya Kanta Ghadei
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | - Santu Ruidas
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Viki Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009, India
| | - Ramasamy Sakthivel
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | | | - Asim Bhaumik
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Sasanka Dalapati
- Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
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9
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Ayala CE, Vaughan SR, Pérez RL, Leonard BS, King B, Jorgensen K, Warner IM. Influence of humidity on accuracy of QCM - IR780-based GUMBOS sensor arrays. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341677. [PMID: 37709438 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, hydrophobic coating materials are reported for QCM detection of VOCs under dry and humid conditions. In this study, IR780-based GUMBOS ([IR780][OTf] and [IR780][NTf2]) were synthesized using an ion exchange reaction and the anions trifluoromethanesulfonimide ([OTf]) and bisperfluoromethanesulfonimide ([NTf2]). The parent iodide salts and GUMBOS ([IR780][I]), [IR780][OTf], and [IR780][NTf2]) were characterized using several analytical techniques. These salts were then employed as sensor coatings on quartz crystal resonators using an electrospray coating method. These sensors were exposed to four flow ratios of five common VOCs in the absence and presence of 10 vol% water. Fundamental frequency responses were recorded and further employed as input variables to develop highly accurate multi-sensor arrays (MSAs). Accuracy was better than 78.3% without water, and better than 91.7% in the presence of water. When multi-harmonic responses were evaluated as input variables to assess discrimination ability for each sensor, highly accurate virtual sensor arrays (VSAs) were developed using each GUMBOS coating. In the case of [IR780][NTf2], a slight improvement in discrimination was achieved in the presence of water (95%) versus the absence of water. Moreover, this study highlights development of readily synthesized hydrophobic coatings of IR780-based GUMBOS for potential detection and discrimination of VOCs in aqueous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlan E Ayala
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Stephanie R Vaughan
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Rocío L Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30458, USA.
| | - Breona S Leonard
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Baleigh King
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30458, USA
| | - Kyle Jorgensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30458, USA
| | - Isiah M Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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10
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Brandt S, Pavlichenko I, Shneidman AV, Patel H, Tripp A, Wong TSB, Lazaro S, Thompson E, Maltz A, Storwick T, Beggs H, Szendrei-Temesi K, Lotsch BV, Kaplan CN, Visser CW, Brenner MP, Murthy VN, Aizenberg J. Nonequilibrium sensing of volatile compounds using active and passive analyte delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303928120. [PMID: 37494398 PMCID: PMC10400973 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303928120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although sensor technologies have allowed us to outperform the human senses of sight, hearing, and touch, the development of artificial noses is significantly behind their biological counterparts. This largely stems from the sophistication of natural olfaction, which relies on both fluid dynamics within the nasal anatomy and the response patterns of hundreds to thousands of unique molecular-scale receptors. We designed a sensing approach to identify volatiles inspired by the fluid dynamics of the nose, allowing us to extract information from a single sensor (here, the reflectance spectra from a mesoporous one-dimensional photonic crystal) rather than relying on a large sensor array. By accentuating differences in the nonequilibrium mass-transport dynamics of vapors and training a machine learning algorithm on the sensor output, we clearly identified polar and nonpolar volatile compounds, determined the mixing ratios of binary mixtures, and accurately predicted the boiling point, flash point, vapor pressure, and viscosity of a number of volatile liquids, including several that had not been used for training the model. We further implemented a bioinspired active sniffing approach, in which the analyte delivery was performed in well-controlled 'inhale-exhale' sequences, enabling an additional modality of differentiation and reducing the duration of data collection and analysis to seconds. Our results outline a strategy to build accurate and rapid artificial noses for volatile compounds that can provide useful information such as the composition and physical properties of chemicals, and can be applied in a variety of fields, including disease diagnosis, hazardous waste management, and healthy building monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeren Brandt
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA02134
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Ida Pavlichenko
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA02134
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Anna V. Shneidman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA02134
| | - Haritosh Patel
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA02134
| | - Austin Tripp
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Timothy S. B. Wong
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Sean Lazaro
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Ethan Thompson
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Aubrey Maltz
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Thomas Storwick
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Holden Beggs
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Katalin Szendrei-Temesi
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart70569, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München81377, Germany
| | - Bettina V. Lotsch
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart70569, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München81377, Germany
| | - C. Nadir Kaplan
- Department of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA24061
- Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA24061
| | - Claas W. Visser
- Department of Thermal and Fluid Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, Enschede7522 NB, Netherlands
| | - Michael P. Brenner
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA02134
| | - Venkatesh N. Murthy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Joanna Aizenberg
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA02134
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
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11
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Abstract
The demand for monitoring chemical and physical information surrounding, air quality, and disease diagnosis has propelled the development of devices for gas sensing that are capable of translating external stimuli into detectable signals. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), possessing particular physiochemical properties with designability in topology, specific surface area, pore size and/or geometry, potential functionalization, and host-guest interactions, reveal excellent development promises for manufacturing a variety of MOF-coated sensing devices for multitudinous applications including gas sensing. The past years have witnessed tremendous progress on the preparation of MOF-coated gas sensors with superior sensing performance, especially high sensitivity and selectivity. Although limited reviews have summarized different transduction mechanisms and applications of MOF-coated sensors, reviews summarizing the latest progress of MOF-coated devices under different working principles would be a good complement. Herein, we summarize the latest advances of several classes of MOF-based devices for gas sensing, i.e., chemiresistive sensors, capacitors, field-effect transistors (FETs) or Kelvin probes (KPs), electrochemical, and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-based sensors. The surface chemistry and structural characteristics were carefully associated with the sensing behaviors of relevant MOF-coated sensors. Finally, challenges and future prospects for long-term development and potentially practical application of MOF-coated sensing devices are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xuanhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hongye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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12
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Zhang M, Dalapati R, Shi J, Liao C, Tian Q, Wang C, Yang X, Chen S, Porter MD, Zang L. Fluorescent sensor based on solid-phase extraction with negligible depletion: A proof-of-concept study with amines as analytes. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1245:340828. [PMID: 36737131 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development and proof-of-concept testing of an easy-to-use trace analysis technique, namely F-SPE, by coupling fluorescent sensor with solid phase extraction (SPE). F-SPE is a two-step methodology that concentrates an analyte from a liquid sample onto a fluorophore-modified membrane and measures the amount of analyte from the extent the extracted analyte quenches the emission of the fluorophore. By applying the principle of negligible depletion (ND) intrinsic to SPE, the procedure of F-SPE for analyzing a sample can be markedly simplified while maintaining the ability to detect analytes at low limits of detection (LOD). The merits of this approach are demonstrated by impregnating a SPE membrane with a perylene diimide (PDI) fluorophore, N,N'-di(nonyldecyl)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (C9/9-PDI), for the low-level detection of organic amines (e.g., aniline) and amine-containing drugs (e.g., Kanamycin). The sensing mechanism is based on the donor-acceptor quenching of PDI by amines, which, when coupled with the concentrative nature of SPE, yields LODs for aniline and Kanamycin of 67 nM (∼6 ppb) and 32 nM (∼16 ppb), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Rana Dalapati
- Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jiangfan Shi
- Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Chenglong Liao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Qingyun Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Chuanyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Shuai Chen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Marc D Porter
- Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Ling Zang
- Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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13
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Hu J, Yesilbas G, Li Y, Geng X, Chen J, Wu X, Knoll A, Ren TL. Overtone Mass Sensitivity of Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor with Asymmetric N-M Type Electrode Configuration. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4043-4049. [PMID: 36800209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Sensing sensitivity is one of the crucial parameters for quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors. Herein, we study the overtone mass sensitivity of a QCM sensor with an asymmetric N-M type electrode configuration. In order to overcome the deficiency that the sensitivity of the QCM sensor with an asymmetric electrode cannot be calculated by Sauerbrey's equation, we design the electrochemical electrodeposition experiments to measure it. The measurement results of overtone mass sensitivities of three 3.1-5.1 and three 4.1-5.1 QCMs are 5.418, 5.629, and 5.572 Hz/ng and 4.155, 4.456, and 3.982 Hz/ng in the third overtone mode and 9.208, 9.474, and 9.243 Hz/ng and 6.811, 7.604, and 6.588 Hz/ng in the fifth overtone mode, respectively. The overtone mass sensitivities of three 5.1-5.1 QCMs are 3.210, 3.439, and 3.540 Hz/ng in the third overtone mode and 5.396, 5.010, and 5.707 Hz/ng in the fifth overtone mode, respectively. These results show that the overtone mass sensitivity of the N-M type QCM is larger than that of QCMs with symmetric electrodes, and the fifth overtone mass sensitivity is higher than the third overtone mass sensitivity for the same type of QCM. The above results strongly confirm that the overtone mass sensitivity of a QCM sensor with an asymmetric N-M electrode structure significantly enhances its sensing performance, and it will greatly meet the demands for high precision measurement of QCM sensors in applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Hu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Institut für Informatik VI, Technische Universität München, München 85748, Germany
| | - Göktug Yesilbas
- Institut für Informatik VI, Technische Universität München, München 85748, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiangshun Geng
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Alois Knoll
- Institut für Informatik VI, Technische Universität München, München 85748, Germany
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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14
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Recent progress of metal-organic frameworks as sensors in (bio)analytical fields: towards real-world applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:2005-2023. [PMID: 36598537 PMCID: PMC9811896 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The deployment of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in a plethora of analytical and bioanalytical applications is a growing research area. Their unique properties such as high but tunable porosity, well-defined channels or pores, and ease of post-synthetic modification to incorporate additional functional units make them ideal candidates for sensing applications. This is possible because the interaction of analytes with a MOF often results in a change in its structure, eventually leading to a modification of the intrinsic physicochemical properties of the MOF which is then transduced into a measurable signal. The high porosity allows for the adsorption of analytes very efficiently, while the tunable pore sizes/nature and/or installation of specific recognition groups allow modulating the affinity towards different classes of compounds, which in turn lead to good sensor sensitivity and selectivity, respectively. Some figures are given to illustrate the potential of MOF-based sensors in the most relevant application fields, and future challenges and opportunities to their possible translation from academia (i.e., laboratory testing of MOF sensing properties) to industry (i.e., real-world analytical sensor devices) are critically discussed.
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15
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Mirica KA. Materials Matter: Advancing Sensor Science through Innovation in Materials Chemistry. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3580-3581. [PMID: 36562175 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Samaddar P, Hu J, Barua N, Wang Y, Lee TA, Prodanović M, Heidari Z, Hutter T. Sorption Kinetics and Sequential Adsorption Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds on Mesoporous Silica. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:43130-43138. [PMID: 36467938 PMCID: PMC9713782 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption-desorption behaviors of polar and nonpolar volatile organic compounds (VOCs), namely, isopropanol and nonane, on mesoporous silica were studied using optical reflectance spectroscopy. Mesoporous silica was fabricated via electrochemical etching of silicon and subsequent thermal oxidation, resulting in an average pore diameter of 11 nm and a surface area of approximately 493 m2/g. The optical thickness of the porous layer, which is proportional to the number of adsorbed molecules, was measured using visible light reflectance interferometry. In situ adsorption and desorption kinetics were obtained for various mesoporous silica temperatures ranging from 10 to 70 °C. Sorption as a function of temperature was acquired for isopropanol and nonane. Sequential adsorption measurements of isopropanol and nonane were performed and showed that, when one VOC is introduced immediately following another, the second VOC displaces the first one regardless of the VOC's polarity and the strength of its interaction with the silica surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabi Samaddar
- Walker
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Jinchuang Hu
- Hildebrand
Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Nirmalay Barua
- Walker
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Yixian Wang
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Tse-Ang Lee
- Walker
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Maša Prodanović
- Hildebrand
Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
- Center
for Subsurface Energy and the Environment, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Zoya Heidari
- Hildebrand
Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
- Center
for Subsurface Energy and the Environment, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Tanya Hutter
- Walker
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
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17
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Ma Y, Xiao X, Ji Q. Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:1201-1219. [PMID: 36348938 PMCID: PMC9623132 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) has been widely used for various sensing applications, including chirality detection due to the high sensitivity to nanogram or picogram mass changes, fast response, real-time detection, easy operation, suitability in different media, and low experimental cost. The sensing performance of QCM is dependent on the surface design of the recognition layers. Various strategies have been employed for studying the relationship between the structural features and the specific detection of chiral isomers. This review provides an overview of the construction of chiral sensing layers by various nanostructures and materials in the QCM system, which include organic molecules, supermolecular assemblies, inorganic nanostructures, and metal surfaces. The sensing mechanisms based on these surface nanostructures and the related potentials for chiral detection by the QCM system are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglin Ma
- Herbert Gleiter Institute for Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xiangyun Xiao
- Herbert Gleiter Institute for Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qingmin Ji
- Herbert Gleiter Institute for Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing, 210094, China
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