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Utrera-Barrios S, Steenackers N, Terryn S, Ferrentino P, Verdejo R, Van Asche G, López-Manchado MA, Brancart J, Hernández Santana M. Unlocking the potential of self-healing and recyclable ionic elastomers for soft robotics applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:708-725. [PMID: 37997164 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01312j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In the field of soft robotics, current materials face challenges related to their load capacity, durability, and sustainability. Innovative solutions are required to address these problems beyond conventional strategies, which often lack long-term ecological viability. This study aims to overcome these limitations using mechanically robust, self-healing, and recyclable ionic elastomers based on carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR). The designed materials exhibited excellent mechanical properties, including tensile strengths (TS) exceeding 19 MPa and remarkable deformability, with maximum elongations (EB) over 650%. Moreover, these materials showed high self-healing capabilities, with 100% recovery efficiency of TS and EB at 110 °C after 3 to 5 h, and full recyclability, preserving their mechanical performance even after three recycling cycles. Furthermore, they were also moldable and readily scalable. Tendon-driven soft robotic grippers were successfully developed out of ionic elastomers, illustrating the potential of self-healing and recyclability in the field of soft robotics to reduce maintenance costs, increase material durability, and improve sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Utrera-Barrios
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP), CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - N Steenackers
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC), Department of Materials and Chemistry (MACH), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Brubotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and Imec, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Terryn
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC), Department of Materials and Chemistry (MACH), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Brubotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and Imec, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Ferrentino
- Brubotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and Imec, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Verdejo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP), CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - G Van Asche
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC), Department of Materials and Chemistry (MACH), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M A López-Manchado
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP), CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Brancart
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC), Department of Materials and Chemistry (MACH), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Hernández Santana
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP), CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Chantaramanee T, Tanpichai S, Boonmahitthisud A. Crosslinking of Epoxidized Natural Rubber with Borax for Self-Healing and Self-Repairing Properties: pH Dependence. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300512. [PMID: 37837340 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) crosslinked using borax, which exhibits self-healing and self-repairing properties, is successfully developed. The crosslink formation of ENR by using borax under neutral and alkaline conditions is investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows that the borate-ester bond is formed in ENR prepared under both neutral and alkaline conditions, whereas boron nuclear magnetic resonance (11 B-NMR) results exhibit that the ENR prepared under alkaline conditions more actively forms crosslink networks with borax. Moreover, the crosslink density and gel content increase significantly with the presence of borax in alkaline conditions. The crosslink density and gel content of ENR with 10 phr borax are higher by 155% and 36%, respectively, than those of neat ENR. Furthermore, the formation of the crosslinking ENR by borax enhances self-healing and self-repairing properties. The healing efficiency significantly increases from 1.09% to 85.90%, when ENR is developed under alkaline conditions with 30 phr borax. These results represent the first successful demonstration of the efficient use of borax as a crosslinker in ENR, which exhibits its promising self-healing and self-repairing properties under atmospheric conditions without the need for external stimuli. The ENR prepared in this work holds great promise for various self-healing rubber applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamonwan Chantaramanee
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supachok Tanpichai
- Learning Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
- Cellulose and Bio-based Nanomaterials Research Group, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Anyaporn Boonmahitthisud
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Green Materials for Industrial Application, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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3
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Utrera-Barrios S, Verdejo R, López-Manchado MÁ, Hernández Santana M. Self-Healing Elastomers: A sustainable solution for automotive applications. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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4
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Tian M, Zhu Y, Guan W, Lu C. Quantitative Measurement of Drug Release Dynamics within Targeted Organelles Using Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206866. [PMID: 37026420 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the release dynamics of drug molecules after their delivery to the target organelle is critical to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects. However, it remains challenging to quantitatively monitor subcellular drug release in real time. To address the knowledge gap, a novel gemini fluorescent surfactant capable of forming mitochondria-targeted and redox-responsive nanocarriers is designed. A quantitative Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) platform is fabricated using this mitochondria-anchored fluorescent nanocarrier as a FRET donor and fluorescent drugs as a FRET acceptor. The FRET platform enables real-time measurement of drug release from organelle-targeted nanocarriers. Moreover, the obtained drug release dynamics can evaluate the duration of drug release at the subcellular level, which established a new quantitative method for organelle-targeted drug release. This quantitative FRET platform can compensate for the absent assessment of the targeted release performances of nanocarriers, offering in-depth understanding of the drug release behaviors at the subcellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingce Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Weijiang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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5
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Rehman A, Ismail H, Sani NFM, Majid NA, Othman N, Shuib RK. Surface modification of silica with polymethylmethacrylate‐
co
‐methacrylic acid for enhancement of self‐healing performance of natural rubber composites based on metal thiolate ionic network. POLYM ENG SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rehman
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
- Department of Polymer Engineering National Textile University (Karachi Campus) Karachi Pakistan
- School of Engineering & Technology National Textile University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Hanafi Ismail
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Noor Faezah Mohd Sani
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Noor Aishatun Majid
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Nadras Othman
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
| | - Raa Khimi Shuib
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang Malaysia
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Wang CC, Xie MJ, Zhang R, Cao J, Tang MZ, Xu YX. Improved strength, creep resistance and recyclability of polyisoprene vitrimers by bottom-up construction of inhomogeneous network. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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7
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Intelligent Eucommia ulmoides Rubber/Ionomer Blends with Thermally Activated Shape Memory and Self-Healing Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051182. [PMID: 36904423 PMCID: PMC10006959 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intelligent Eucommia ulmoides rubber (EUR) and ionomer Surlyn resin (SR) blends were prepared and studied in this manuscript. This is the first paper to combine EUR with SR to prepare blends with both the shape memory effect and self-healing capability. The mechanical, curing, thermal, shape memory and self-healing properties were studied by a universal testing machine, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively. Experimental results showed that the increase in ionomer content not only improved mechanical and shape memory properties but also endowed the compounds with excellent self-healing ability under the appropriate environmental conditions. Notably, the self-healing efficiency of the composites reached 87.41%, which is much higher than the efficiency of other covalent cross-linking composites. Therefore, these novel shape memory and self-healing blends can expand the use of natural Eucommia ulmoides rubber, such as in special medical devices, sensors and actuators.
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8
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Kumar A, Connal LA. Biobased Transesterification Vitrimers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200892. [PMID: 36661130 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in the use of plastics and the related sustainability issues, including the depletion of global petroleum reserves, have rightly sparked interest in the use of biobased polymer feedstocks. Thermosets cannot be remolded, processed, or recycled, and hence cannot be reused because of their permanent molecular architecture. Vitrimers have emerged as a novel polymer family capable of bridging the difference between thermoplastic and thermosets. Vitrimers enable unique recycling strategies, however, it is still important to understand where the raw material feedstocks originate from. Transesterification vitrimers derived from renewable resources are a massive opportunity, however, limited research has been conducted in this specific family of vitrimers. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of transesterification vitrimers produced from biobased monomers. The focus is on the biomass structural suitability with dynamic covalent chemistry, as well as the viability of the synthetic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Luke A Connal
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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9
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Kim G, Caglayan C, Yun GJ. Epoxy-Based Catalyst-Free Self-Healing Elastomers at Room Temperature Employing Aromatic Disulfide and Hydrogen Bonds. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:44750-44761. [PMID: 36530289 PMCID: PMC9753497 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, catalyst-free room-temperature healing epoxy vitrimer-like materials (S-vitrimer) are introduced. The S-vitrimer can be healed at room temperature without any external stimuli such as solvent, pressure, heat, and catalyst through an aromatic disulfide exchange reaction and a hydrogen bond because the glass transition temperature of the S-vitrimer is lower than room temperature. Self-healing materials are attracting widespread attention nowadays with their potential to increase the durability of the materials. However, there is still elevating need for research, considering the limitations of various self-healing methods. To the best of our knowledge, epoxy-based catalyst-free room-temperature healing materials have not been investigated until now, yet they are promising to make self-healing easier. Moreover, the S-vitrimer showed higher healing efficiency when healed for a longer time and at a higher temperature. Especially when healed at room temperature for 96 h, the S-vitrimer presented an 80% healing efficiency. The S-vitrimer also showed an 80% healing efficiency when healed at 60 °C for 48 h. To investigate the factors affecting self-healing behavior, three control experiments were carried out. Control experiments showed that the S-vitrimer is healed mainly due to a disulfide exchange reaction, but hydrogen bonds also contribute to self-healing behavior. Also, it was found that tightly packed segments can hinder self-healing through control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonwoo Kim
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National
University, Seoul08826, South Korea
| | - Cigdem Caglayan
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National
University, Seoul08826, South Korea
| | - Gun Jin Yun
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National
University, Seoul08826, South Korea
- Institute
of Advanced Aerospace Engineering Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, South Korea
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10
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Aiswarya S, Awasthi P, Banerjee SS. Self-healing thermoplastic elastomeric materials: Challenges, opportunities and new approaches. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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11
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Masraff MS, Thajudin NLN, Othman N, Musa MS, Shuib RK. Self‐healing natural rubber based on dynamic disulphide exchange towards fatigue lifetime extension. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Syahira Masraff
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, USM Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Nuur Laila Najwa Thajudin
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, USM Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Nadras Othman
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, USM Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Sharan Musa
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, USM Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia
| | - Raa Khimi Shuib
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, USM Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang Malaysia
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12
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Sustainable Polyurethane Networks with High Self‐Healing and Mechanical Properties Based on Dual Dynamic Covalent Bonds. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Kashihara K, Oouchi M, Kodama Y, Arai T, Horie M, Kitaura T, Ishii Y. High-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies Reveal New Structural Landscape of Sulfur-Vulcanized Natural Rubber. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4481-4492. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Kashihara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- NMR Science and Development Division, SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Muneki Oouchi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- NMR Science and Development Division, SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yu Kodama
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Arai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Miki Horie
- Chemical Analysis Center, Research & Development HQ, Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd., 1-1-2 Tsutsui, Chuo, Kobe 651-0071, Japan
- WORLD INTEC CO., Ltd., 11-2 Otemachi, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-0814, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kitaura
- Chemical Analysis Center, Research & Development HQ, Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd., 1-1-2 Tsutsui, Chuo, Kobe 651-0071, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ishii
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- NMR Science and Development Division, SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Xu J, Zhu L, Nie Y, Li Y, Wei S, Chen X, Zhao W, Yan S. Advances and Challenges of Self-Healing Elastomers: A Mini Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5993. [PMID: 36079373 PMCID: PMC9457332 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, self-healing polymeric materials have been widely investigated because they can heal the damages spontaneously and thereby prolong their service lifetime. Many ingenious synthetic procedures have been developed for fabricating self-healing polymers with high performance. This mini review provides an impressive summary of the self-healing polymers with fast self-healing speed, which exhibits an irreplaceable role in many intriguing applications, such as flexible electronics. After a brief introduction to the development of self-healing polymers, we divide the development of self-healing polymers into five stages through the perspective of their research priorities at different periods. Subsequently, we elaborated the underlying healing mechanism of polymers, including the self-healing origins, the influencing factors, and direct evidence of healing at nanoscopic level. Following this, recent advance in realizing the fast self-healing speed of polymers through physical and chemical approaches is extensively overviewed. In particular, the methodology for balancing the mechanical strength and healing ability in fast self-healing elastomers is summarized. We hope that it could afford useful information for research people in promoting the further technical development of new strategies and technologies to prepare the high performance self-healing elastomers for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yongjia Nie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shicheng Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shouke Yan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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15
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Lu M, Song Y, Zheng Q, Wang W. Self‐healing efficiency of natural rubber vulcanizates depending on crosslinking density. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muchen Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yihu Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Shanxi‐Zheda Institute of New Materials and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Shanxi‐Zheda Institute of New Materials and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan China
| | - Wanjie Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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16
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Mohd Sani NF, Yee HJ, Othman N, Talib AA, Shuib RK. Intrinsic self-healing rubber: A review and perspective of material and reinforcement. POLYMER TESTING 2022; 111:107598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2022.107598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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17
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Bui K, Wemyss AM, Zhang R, Nguyen GTM, Vancaeyzeele C, Vidal F, Plesse C, Wan C. Tailoring Electromechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Vitrimers by Cross-Linkers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Bui
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), WMG, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
- CY Cergy-Paris Université, LPPI, 95000 CERGY, France
| | - Alan M. Wemyss
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), WMG, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
| | - Runan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, BA2 7AY Bath, U.K
| | | | | | | | - Cedric Plesse
- CY Cergy-Paris Université, LPPI, 95000 CERGY, France
| | - Chaoying Wan
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), WMG, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K
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18
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Li K, Li Z, Liu J, Wen S, Liu L, Zhang L. Designing the cross-linked network to tailor the mechanical fracture of elastomeric polymer materials. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Shurpik DN, Aleksandrova YI, Mostovaya OA, Nazmutdinova VA, Tazieva RE, Murzakhanov FF, Gafurov MR, Zelenikhin PV, Subakaeva EV, Sokolova EA, Gerasimov AV, Gorodov VV, Islamov DR, Cragg PJ, Stoikov II. Self-Healing Thiolated Pillar[5]arene Films Containing Moxifloxacin Suppress the Development of Bacterial Biofilms. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1604. [PMID: 35564312 PMCID: PMC9102331 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymer self-healing films containing fragments of pillar[5]arene were obtained for the first time using thiol/disulfide redox cross-linking. These films were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. The films demonstrated the ability to self-heal through the action of atmospheric oxygen. Using UV-vis, 2D 1H-1H NOESY, and DOSY NMR spectroscopy, the pillar[5]arene was shown to form complexes with the antimicrobial drug moxifloxacin in a 2:1 composition (logK11 = 2.14 and logK12 = 6.20). Films containing moxifloxacin effectively reduced Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms formation on adhesive surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy N. Shurpik
- A.M.Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (Y.I.A.); (O.A.M.); (V.A.N.); (R.E.T.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Yulia I. Aleksandrova
- A.M.Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (Y.I.A.); (O.A.M.); (V.A.N.); (R.E.T.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Olga A. Mostovaya
- A.M.Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (Y.I.A.); (O.A.M.); (V.A.N.); (R.E.T.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Viktoriya A. Nazmutdinova
- A.M.Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (Y.I.A.); (O.A.M.); (V.A.N.); (R.E.T.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Regina E. Tazieva
- A.M.Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (Y.I.A.); (O.A.M.); (V.A.N.); (R.E.T.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Fadis F. Murzakhanov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (F.F.M.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Marat R. Gafurov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (F.F.M.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Pavel V. Zelenikhin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (P.V.Z.); (E.V.S.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Evgenia V. Subakaeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (P.V.Z.); (E.V.S.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Evgenia A. Sokolova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (P.V.Z.); (E.V.S.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Alexander V. Gerasimov
- A.M.Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (Y.I.A.); (O.A.M.); (V.A.N.); (R.E.T.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Vadim V. Gorodov
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPM RAS), Profsoyuznaya, 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Daut R. Islamov
- Laboratory for Structural Analysis of Biomacromolecules, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevskogo, 2/31, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Peter J. Cragg
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK;
| | - Ivan I. Stoikov
- A.M.Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (Y.I.A.); (O.A.M.); (V.A.N.); (R.E.T.); (A.V.G.)
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20
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Boden J, Bowen CR, Buchard A, Davidson MG, Norris C. Understanding the Effects of Cross-Linking Density on the Self-Healing Performance of Epoxidized Natural Rubber and Natural Rubber. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15098-15105. [PMID: 35572762 PMCID: PMC9089743 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The demand for self-healing elastomers is increasing due to the potential opportunities such materials offer in reducing down-time and cost through extended product lifetimes and reduction of waste. However, further understanding of self-healing mechanisms and processes is required in order to develop a wider range of commercially applicable materials with self-healing properties. Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) is a derivative of polyisoprene. ENR25 and ENR50 are commercially available materials with 25 and 50 mol % epoxidation, respectively. Recently, reports of the use of ENR in self-healing materials have begun to emerge. However, to date, there has been limited analysis of the self-healing mechanism at the molecular level. The aim of this work is to gain understanding of the relevant self-healing mechanisms through systematic characterization and analysis of the effect of cross-linking on the self-healing performance of ENR and natural rubber (NR). In our study, cross-linking of ENR and NR with dicumyl peroxide and sulfur to provide realistic models of commercial rubber formulations is described, and a cross-linking density of 5 × 10-5 mol cm-3 in sulfur-cured ENR is demonstrated to achieve a healing efficiency of 143% for the tensile strength. This work provides the foundation for further modification of ENR, with the goal of understanding and controlling ENR's self-healing ability for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Boden
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Chris R Bowen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Antoine Buchard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Matthew G Davidson
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Chris Norris
- ARTIS, Hampton Park West, Melksham, Wiltshire SN12 6NB, U.K
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21
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Utrera-Barrios S, Verdejo R, López-Manchado MÁ, Santana MH. The Final Frontier of Sustainable Materials: Current Developments in Self-Healing Elastomers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4757. [PMID: 35563147 PMCID: PMC9101787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is impossible to describe the recent progress of our society without considering the role of polymers; however, for a broad audience, "polymer" is usually related to environmental pollution. The poor disposal and management of polymeric waste has led to an important environmental crisis, and, within polymers, plastics have attracted bad press despite being easily reprocessable. Nonetheless, there is a group of polymeric materials that is particularly more complex to reprocess, rubbers. These macromolecules are formed by irreversible crosslinked networks that give them their characteristic elastic behavior, but at the same time avoid their reprocessing. Conferring them a self-healing capacity stands out as a decisive approach for overcoming this limitation. By this mean, rubbers would be able to repair or restore their damage automatically, autonomously, or by applying an external stimulus, increasing their lifetime, and making them compatible with the circular economy model. Spain is a reference country in the implementation of this strategy in rubbery materials, achieving successful self-healable elastomers with high healing efficiency and outstanding mechanical performance. This article presents an exhaustive summary of the developments reported in the previous 10 years, which demonstrates that this property is the last frontier in search of truly sustainable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miguel Ángel López-Manchado
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (S.U.-B.); (R.V.)
| | - Marianella Hernández Santana
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (S.U.-B.); (R.V.)
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22
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Hu WH, Ji M, Chen TT, Wang S, Tenjimbayashi M, Sekiguchi Y, Watanabe I, Sato C, Naito M. Light-Induced Topological Patterning toward 3D Shape-Reconfigurable Origami. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107078. [PMID: 35187814 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Shape-reconfigurable materials are crucial in many engineering applications. However, because of their isotropic deformability, they often require complex molding equipment for shaping. A polymeric origami structure that follows predetermined deformed and non-deformed patterns at specific temperatures without molding is demonstrated. It is constructed with a heterogeneous (dynamic and static) network topology via light-induced programming. The corresponding spatio-selective thermal plasticity creates varied deformability within a single polymer. The kinematics of site-specific deformation allows guided origami deployment in response to external forces. Moreover, the self-locking origami can fix its geometry in specific states without pressurization. These features enable the development of shape-reconfigurable structures that undergo on-demand geometry changes without requiring bulky or heavy equipment. The concept enriches polymer origamis, and could be applied with other polymers having similar chemistries. Overall, it is a versatile material for artificial muscles, origami robotics, and non-volatile mechanical memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsun Hu
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Ming Ji
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midoriku Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ta-Te Chen
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Siqian Wang
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tenjimbayashi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yu Sekiguchi
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midoriku Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ikumu Watanabe
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sato
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midoriku Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masanobu Naito
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
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23
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Su E, Bayazit G, Ide S, Okay O. Butyl rubber-based interpenetrating polymer networks with side chain crystallinity: Self-healing and shape-memory polymers with tunable thermal and mechanical properties. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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24
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Xiao P, Li G, Ma S, Cai Z, Huang L, Huang Y. High energy conversion composites based on graphene material with excellent healing performances. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peishuang Xiao
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
- Institute of Chemical Materials China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China
| | - Guanghao Li
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Suping Ma
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Zhihao Cai
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Lu Huang
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Yi Huang
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metal and Molecule Based Material Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University Tianjin China
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25
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Zhang F, Gong Z, Cai W, Qian HJ, Lu ZY, Cui S. Single-chain mechanics of cis-1,4-polyisoprene and polysulfide. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Xu L, Zhu L, Jie S, Bu Z, Li BG. Controllable Preparation of the Reversibly Cross-Linked Rubber Based on Imine Bonds Starting from Telechelic Liquid Rubber. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liqian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Suyun Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhiyang Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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27
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Wang D, Tang Z, Wang Z, Zhang L, Guo B. A bio-based, robust and recyclable thermoset polyester elastomer by using an inverse vulcanised polysulfide as a crosslinker. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01287h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a bio-based, robust and recyclable thermoset polyester elastomer by using an inverse vulcanised sulfur-polymer (SP) as a crosslinker for the bio-based polyester elastomer (BPE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghai Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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28
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Unravelling the effect of healing conditions and vulcanizing additives on the healing performance of rubber networks. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Alonso Pastor LE, Núñez Carrero KC, Araujo-Morera J, Hernández Santana M, Pastor JM. Setting Relationships between Structure and Devulcanization of Ground Tire Rubber and Their Effect on Self-Healing Elastomers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:11. [PMID: 35012032 PMCID: PMC8747371 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of devulcanized tire powder as an effective reinforcement in self-healing styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds has been investigated for the first time in this work. For this purpose, the evolution of the microstructure of the rubber from end-of-life tires (ELTs) was studied during granulation, grinding and devulcanization through an exhaustive characterization work in order to relate the final microstructure with the mechanical response of the repaired systems. Different morphologies (particle size distribution and specific surface area) obtained by cryogenic and water jet grinding processes, as well as different devulcanization techniques (thermo-mechanical, microwave, and thermo-chemical), were analyzed. The results demonstrated the key influence of the morphology of the ground tire rubber (GTR) on the obtained devulcanized products (dGTR). The predictions of the Horikx curves regarding the selectivity of the applied devulcanization processes were validated, thereby; a model of the microstructure of these materials was defined. This model made it possible to relate the morphology of GTR and dGTR with their activity as reinforcement in self-healing formulations. In this sense, higher specific surface area and percentage of free surface polymeric chains resulted in better mechanical performance and more effective healing. Such a strategy enabled an overall healing efficiency of more than 80% in terms of a real mechanical recovery (tensile strength and elongation at break), when adding 30 phr of dGTR. These results open a great opportunity to find the desired balance between the mechanical properties before and after self-repair, thus providing a high technological valorization to waste tires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E. Alonso Pastor
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Valladolid, Paseo del Cauce, 47010 Valladolid, Spain; (L.E.A.P.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Karina C. Núñez Carrero
- Foundation for Research and Development in Transport and Energy (CIDAUT), Parque Tecnológico de Boecillo, Plaza Vicente Aleixandre Campos 2, 47051 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Araujo-Morera
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - José María Pastor
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Valladolid, Paseo del Cauce, 47010 Valladolid, Spain; (L.E.A.P.); (J.M.P.)
- Foundation for Research and Development in Transport and Energy (CIDAUT), Parque Tecnológico de Boecillo, Plaza Vicente Aleixandre Campos 2, 47051 Valladolid, Spain
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30
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Zhang C, An X, Tang Z, Fang S, Guo B, Zhang L, Liu F, Liu J, Chen Z. Creation of Tortuosity in Unfilled Rubber via Heterogeneous Cross-Linking toward Improved Barrier Property. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Xinglong An
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghai Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Shifeng Fang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory, Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory, Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China
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33
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Zhu L, Xu L, Jie S, Li B. Polybutadiene Vitrimers with Tunable Epoxy Ratios: Preparation and Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4157. [PMID: 34883660 PMCID: PMC8659766 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional crosslinked diene rubber has excellent thermal-mechanical properties and solvent resistance, yet it is incapable of being recycled via universal molding or injecting. Vitrimers, a new class of covalently crosslinked polymer networks, can be topologically rearranged with the associative exchange mechanism, endowing them with thermoplasticity. Introducing the concept of vitrimers into crosslinked networks for the recycling of rubbers is currently an attractive research topic. However, designing tailored rubber vitrimers still remains a challenge. Herein, polybutadiene (PB) vitrimers with different structures were prepared via partial epoxidation of double bonds and ring-opening esterification reactions. Their mechanical and relaxation properties were investigated. It was found that the increasing crosslinking density can increase tensile strength and activation energy for altering the network topology. The influence of side-group effects on their relaxation properties shows that an increase in the number of epoxy groups on the polybutadiene chain can increase the chance of an effective exchange of disulfide units. This work provides a simple network design which can tune vitrimer properties via altering the crosslinking density and side-group effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bogeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (L.Z.); (L.X.); (S.J.)
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34
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Damampai K, Pichaiyut S, Mandal S, Wießner S, Das A, Nakason C. Internal Polymerization of Epoxy Group of Epoxidized Natural Rubber by Ferric Chloride and Formation of Strong Network Structure. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4145. [PMID: 34883648 PMCID: PMC8659828 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, studies are carried out to understand the crosslinking reaction of epoxidized natural rubber (50 mol% epoxy, ENR-50) by metal ion namely ferric ion (Fe3+, FeCl3, ferric chloride). It is found that a small amount of FeCl3 can cure ENR to a considerable extent. A direct interaction of the ferric ion with the epoxy group as well as internal polymerization enable the ENR to be cured in an efficient manner. It was also found that with the increased concentration of FeCl3, the crosslinking density of the matrix increased and therefore, the ENR offers higher mechanical properties (i.e., modulus and tensile strength). In addition, the glass transition temperature (tg) of ENR vulcanizate is increased with increasing concentration of FeCl3. Moreover, the thermal degradation temperature (Td) of the ENR-FeCl3 compound was shifted toward higher temperature as increasing concentration FeCl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriengsak Damampai
- Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Surat Thani Campus, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani 84000, Thailand; (K.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Skulrat Pichaiyut
- Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Surat Thani Campus, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani 84000, Thailand; (K.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Subhradeep Mandal
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (S.M.); (S.W.); (A.D.)
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sven Wießner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (S.M.); (S.W.); (A.D.)
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Amit Das
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., D-01069 Dresden, Germany; (S.M.); (S.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Charoen Nakason
- Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Surat Thani Campus, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani 84000, Thailand; (K.D.); (S.P.)
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35
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Cao L, Huang J, Fan J, Gong Z, Xu C, Chen Y. Nanocellulose-A Sustainable and Efficient Nanofiller for Rubber Nanocomposites: From Reinforcement to Smart Soft Materials. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.2001004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Cao
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, School of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiarong Huang
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, School of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Fan
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, School of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Gong
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, School of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanhui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Lab of Advanced Elastomer, School of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongshan Institute of Modern Industrial Technology, South China University of Technology, Zhongshan, China
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36
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Ganewatta MS, Wang Z, Tang C. Chemical syntheses of bioinspired and biomimetic polymers toward biobased materials. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:753-772. [PMID: 36238089 PMCID: PMC9555244 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The rich structures and hierarchical organizations in nature provide many sources of inspiration for advanced material designs. We wish to recapitulate properties such as high mechanical strength, colour-changing ability, autonomous healing and antimicrobial efficacy in next-generation synthetic materials. Common in nature are non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions and hydrophobic effects, which are all useful motifs in tailor-made materials. Among these are biobased components, which are ubiquitously conceptualized in the space of recently developed bioinspired and biomimetic materials. In this regard, sustainable organic polymer chemistry enables us to tune the properties and functions of such materials that are essential for daily life. In this Review, we discuss recent progress in bioinspired and biomimetic polymers and provide insights into biobased materials through the evolution of chemical approaches, including networking/crosslinking, dynamic interactions and self-assembly. We focus on advances in biobased materials; namely polymeric mimics of resilin and spider silk, mechanically and optically adaptive materials, self-healing elastomers and hydrogels, and antimicrobial polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra S Ganewatta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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37
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Kaur A, Gautrot JE, Cavalli G, Watson D, Bickley A, Akutagawa K, Busfield JJC. Novel Crosslinking System for Poly-Chloroprene Rubber to Enable Recyclability and Introduce Self-Healing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3347. [PMID: 34641163 PMCID: PMC8512348 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of dynamic bonds capable of mediating self-healing in a fully cross-linked polychloroprene network can only occur if the reversible moieties are carried by the cross-linker itself or within the main polymer backbone. Conventional cross-linking is not suitable for such a purpose. In the present work, a method to develop a self-healable and recyclable polychloroprene rubber is presented. Dynamic disulfide bonds are introduced as part of the structure of a crosslinker (liquid polysulfide polymer, Thiokol LP3) coupled to the polymer backbone via thermally initiated thiol-ene reaction. The curing and kinetic parameters were determined by isothermal differential scanning calorimetry and by moving die rheometer analysis; tensile testing was carried to compare the tensile strength of cured compound, healed compounds and recycled compounds, while chemical analysis was conducted by surface X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Three formulations with increasing concentrations of Thiokol LP-3 were studied (2, 4, 6 phr), reaching a maximum ultimate tensile strength of 22.4 MPa and ultimate tensile strain of 16.2 with 2 phr of Thiokol LP-3, 11.7 MPa and 10.7 strain with 4 phr and 5.6 MPa and 7.3 strain with 6 phr. The best healing efficiencies were obtained after 24 h of healing at 80 °C, increasing with the concentration of Thiokol LP-3, reaching maximum values of 4.5% 4.4% 13.4% with 2 phr, 4 phr and 6 phr, respectively, while the highest recycling efficiency was obtained with 4 phr of Thiokol LP-3, reaching 11.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anureet Kaur
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (A.K.); (J.E.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.)
| | - Julien E. Gautrot
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (A.K.); (J.E.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.)
| | - Gabriele Cavalli
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (A.K.); (J.E.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.)
| | - Douglas Watson
- Weir Advanced Research Centre, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK; (D.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Alan Bickley
- Weir Advanced Research Centre, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK; (D.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Keizo Akutagawa
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (A.K.); (J.E.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.)
| | - James J. C. Busfield
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (A.K.); (J.E.G.); (G.C.); (K.A.)
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38
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Thermoreversible and Recycling Properties of Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber Based on Diels-Alder Reaction. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Xu H, Tu J, Li P, Liang L, Ji J, Xiang G, Li H, Zhang Y, Guo X. Main-Side Chain Hydrogen Bonding-Based Self-Healable Polyurethane with Highly Stretchable, Excellent Mechanical Properties for Self-Healing Acid-Base Resistant Coating. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100364. [PMID: 34418202 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Developing an autonomous self-healing polyurethane (PU) elastomer with excellent mechanical properties and high ductility has attracted increasing attention. Nowadays, the synthesis of elastomers with excellent mechanical properties and rapid self-healing at room temperature faces a huge challenge. Herein, This work reports a new supramolecular PU with excellent mechanical properties and rapid self-healing at room temperature through the introduction of T-type chain extender into the supramolecular polymer chain. The introduction of T-chain extender can be used to enhance the mechanical strength of PU, and the multiple hydrogen bonds on the side-chain provide theoretical support for the rapid self-healing ability of PU. Maximum stress of the synthesized PU can reach 3.4 ± 0.15 Mpa, and maximum elongation at break can reach 3200% ± 160%. Due to flexibility and re-constructability of side-chain hydrogen bonds, PU stress repair efficiency can reach 96.7%, and can be self-healing scratches rapidly and effectively at room temperature. The mechanical properties and self-healing properties of PU can be adjusted by the content of T-type chain extender. The PU is applied to the metal surface coating, which has excellent acid-base resistance, bond strength up to 2.9 ± 0.1 Mpa, and the ability to eliminate local damage on the coating surface quickly at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xu
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jing Tu
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Pingyun Li
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Li Liang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ji
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Guifeng Xiang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Haozhe Li
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xiaode Guo
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, P. R. China
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40
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Zhang C, Tang Z, An X, Fang S, Wu S, Guo B. Generic Method to Create Segregated Structures toward Robust, Flexible, Highly Conductive Elastomer Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:24154-24163. [PMID: 33978407 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrically and thermally conductive polymer composites are extensively used in our daily life. It is of great significance to fulfill the conductivity requirement while maintaining desirable mechanical performance. An efficient solution to achieve this goal is to construct segregated structures in polymer composites by confining fillers into the interstitial areas among polymer domains. Thus far, it still remains a challenge to create segregated structures in cross-linked polymeric networks. Herein, we report a facile methodology to construct segregated structures in sulfur-cured rubbers using an industrially accessible process toward robust, flexible, highly conductive elastomer composites. Specifically, natural rubber granules (NR-RGs) with reactive di- and polysulfides on the surface are fabricated and then mixed with NR gum, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and curing additives, followed by compression molding to yield two-phase separate composites. In the composites, CNTs are selectively dispersed in the continuous NR phase due to the volume exclusion effect caused by the separate NR-RG phase, leading to overwhelming electrical conductivity compared to the counterparts with randomly dispersed CNTs. In addition, NR-RGs can serve as novel reinforcement for NR, imparting the composites with remarkably improved modulus and retained stretchability. The simultaneously improved electrical conductivity and mechanical properties are due to the strong interfacial adhesion between the NR matrix and NR-RGs, as the di- and polysulfides on the surface of NR-RGs can participate in the cross-linking reactions of NR gum and enable the establishment of covalent bonding across the interfaces. The universality of this approach in preparing segregated composites with a combination of high conductivities and robust mechanical properties is demonstrated using other diene rubbers as the matrix and boron nitride as the filler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Zhang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghai Tang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xinglong An
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shifeng Fang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Siwu Wu
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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41
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Su E, Bilici C, Bayazit G, Ide S, Okay O. Solvent-Free UV Polymerization of n-Octadecyl Acrylate in Butyl Rubber: A Simple Way to Produce Tough and Smart Polymeric Materials at Ambient Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:21786-21799. [PMID: 33908244 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the most fascinating challenges in recent years has been to produce mechanically robust and tough polymers with smart functions such as self-healing and shape-memory behavior. Here, we report a simple and versatile strategy for the preparation of a highly tough and highly stretchable interconnected interpenetrating polymer network (c-IPN) based on butyl rubber (IIR) and poly(n-octadecyl acrylate) (PC18A) with thermally induced healing and shape-memory functions. Solvent-free UV polymerization of n-octadecyl acrylate (C18A) at 30 ± 2 °C in the presence of IIR leads to IIR/PC18A c-IPNs with sea-island or co-continuous morphologies depending on their IIR contents. The lamellar crystals with a melting temperature Tm of 51-52 °C formed by side-by-side packed octadecyl (C18) side chains are responsible for more than 99% of effective cross-links in c-IPNs, the rest being hydrophobic associations and chemical cross-links. The c-IPNs exhibit varying stiffness (9-34 MPa), stretchability (72-740%), and a significantly higher toughness (1.9-12 MJ·m-3) than their components, which can be tuned by changing the IIR/PC18A weight ratio. The properties of c-IPNs could also be tuned by incorporating a second, noncrystallizable hydrophobic monomer, namely, lauryl methacrylate (C12M), in the melt mixture. We show that the lamellar clusters acting as sacrificial bonds break at the yield point by dissipation of energy, while the ductile amorphous continuous phase keeps the structure together, leading to the toughness improvement of c-IPNs. They exhibit a two-step healing process with >90% healing efficiency with respect to the modulus and a complete shape-recovery ratio induced by heating above Tm of alkyl crystals. The temperature-induced healing occurs via a quick step where C18 bridges form between the damaged surfaces followed by a slow step controlled by the interdiffusion of C18A segments in the bulk. We also show that the strategy developed here is suitable for a variety of rubbers and n-alkyl (meth)acrylates of various side-chain lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Su
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Bilici
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gozde Bayazit
- Department of Physics Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semra Ide
- Department of Physics Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oguz Okay
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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42
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Araujo-Morera J, Verdejo R, López-Manchado MA, Hernández Santana M. Sustainable mobility: The route of tires through the circular economy model. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 126:309-322. [PMID: 33794443 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Until nowadays, the concept of the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) has tried to develop responsible consumption habits. Nonetheless, the rise of ecological thinking has generated the appearance of four new Rs in addition to these basic 3Rs; the currently 7Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Redesign, Renew, Repair and Recover) which refer to the actions necessary to achieve the change towards a circular economy (CE) model. This model aims at extending the lifetime of the resources through their rational and efficient use to generate value repeatedly, reducing costs and waste. In this review, we examine the route followed by tires from the CE perspective, analyzing end-of-life strategies that aim to improve the circular flow of tire rubber materials. We discuss the most relevant studies on the "7Rs" concepts applied to tires, comparing different scientific approaches, as well as their industrial and commercial implementation. We also illustrate the drawbacks and feasibility of each of the R-hierarchy strategies. From the early stages of production to the post-consumption step, the path that tires trail within this CE model evidences the commitment and efforts towards the development of effective management schemes for achieving a real sustainable mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Araujo-Morera
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Raquel Verdejo
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain.
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43
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Roy K, Debnath SC, Pongwisuthiruchte A, Potiyaraj P. Review on the Conceptual Design of Self-Healable Nitrile Rubber Composites. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9975-9981. [PMID: 34056152 PMCID: PMC8153368 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The search for suitable strategies to manufacture self-healable nitrile rubber (NBR) composites is the most promising part in the industrial field of polar rubber research. In recent years, some important strategies, specifically, metal-ligand coordination bond formation, ionic bond formation, and dynamic hydrogen bond formation, have been utilized to develop duly self-healable NBR composites. This paper reviews the continuous advancement in the research field related to self-healable NBR composites by considering healing strategies and healing conditions. Special attention is given to understand the healing mechanism in reversibly cross-linked NBR systems. The healing efficiency of a cross-linked NBR network is usually dependent on the definite interaction between functional groups of NBR and a cross-linking agent. Finally, the results obtained from successful studies suggest that self-healing technology has incredible potential to increase the sustainability and lifetime of NBR-based rubber products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumarjyoti Roy
- Department
of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Aphiwat Pongwisuthiruchte
- Department
of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pranut Potiyaraj
- Department
of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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44
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Peng T, Huang J, Gong Z, Ding J, Chen Y. Multiple cross‐linked networks enhanced
ENR
‐based composite with excellent self‐healing properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Peng
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Jiarong Huang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zhou Gong
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Jianping Ding
- College of Material Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Yukun Chen
- College of Material Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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45
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Raut SK, Mondal P, Parameswaran B, Sarkar S, Dey P, Gilbert R, Bhadra S, Naskar K, Nair S, Singha NK. Self-healable ultrahydrophobic modified bio-based elastomer using Diels-Alder ‘click chemistry’. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Aguirresarobe RH, Nevejans S, Reck B, Irusta L, Sardon H, Asua JM, Ballard N. Healable and self-healing polyurethanes using dynamic chemistry. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Behera PK, Mohanty S, Gupta VK. Self-healing elastomers based on conjugated diolefins: a review. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01458c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of dynamic covalent and physical crosslinks into diolefin-based elastomers improves mechanical and self-healing properties. The presence of dynamic crosslinks also helps in the reprocessing of elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Kumar Behera
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis Group
- Reliance Research and Development Center
- Reliance Industries Limited
- Navi Mumbai 400701
- India
| | - Subhra Mohanty
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis Group
- Reliance Research and Development Center
- Reliance Industries Limited
- Navi Mumbai 400701
- India
| | - Virendra Kumar Gupta
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis Group
- Reliance Research and Development Center
- Reliance Industries Limited
- Navi Mumbai 400701
- India
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48
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Algaily B, Kaewsakul W, Sarkawi SS, Kalkornsurapranee E. Alleviating Molecular-Scale Damages in Silica-Reinforced Natural Rubber Compounds by a Self-Healing Modifier. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E39. [PMID: 33374236 PMCID: PMC7794983 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The property retentions of silica-reinforced natural rubber vulcanizates with various contents of a self-healing modifier called EMZ, which is based on epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) modified with hydrolyzed maleic anhydride (HMA) as an ester crosslinking agent plus zinc acetate dihydrate (ZAD) as a transesterification catalyst, were investigated. To validate its self-healing efficiency, the molecular-scale damages were introduced to vulcanizates using a tensile stress-strain cyclic test following the Mullins effect concept. The processing characteristics, reinforcing indicators, and physicomechanical and viscoelastic properties of the compounds were evaluated to identify the influences of plausible interactions in the system. Overall results demonstrate that the property retentions are significantly enhanced with increasing EMZ content at elevated treatment temperatures, because the EMZ modifier potentially contributes to reversible linkages leading to the intermolecular reparation of rubber network. Furthermore, a thermally annealing treatment of the damaged vulcanizates at a high temperature, e.g., 120 °C, substantially enhances the property recovery degree, most likely due to an impact of the transesterification reaction of the ester crosslinks adjacent to the molecular damages. This reaction can enable bond interchanges of the ester crosslinks, resulting in the feasibly exchanged positions of the ester crosslinks between the broken rubber molecules and, thus, achievable self-reparation of the damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Algaily
- Polymer Science and Technology, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Wisut Kaewsakul
- Elastomer Technology and Engineering, Department of Mechanics of Solids, Surfaces and Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Siti Salina Sarkawi
- Malaysian Rubber Board, RRIM Research Station, Sg. Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia;
| | - Ekwipoo Kalkornsurapranee
- Polymer Science and Technology, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
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49
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Sattar MA, Patnaik A. Design Principles of Interfacial Dynamic Bonds in Self‐Healing Materials: What are the Parameters? Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4215-4240. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdul Sattar
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
- R&D Centre MRF Limited Chennai 600019 India
| | - Archita Patnaik
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036 India
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50
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Thiounn T, Karunarathna MS, Slann LM, Lauer MK, Smith RC. Sequential crosslinking for mechanical property development in high sulfur content composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timmy Thiounn
- Department of Chemistry Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | | | - Lauren M. Slann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Moira K. Lauer
- Department of Chemistry Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Rhett C. Smith
- Department of Chemistry Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
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