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Mickoleit F, Beierl JJ, Markert S, Klein MA, Stäbler SY, Maier DS, Schüler D. A Versatile Magnetic Nanoplatform for Plug-and-Play Functionalization: Genetically Programmable Cargo Loading to Bacterial Magnetosomes by SpyCatcher "Click Biology". ACS NANO 2024; 18:27974-27987. [PMID: 39365667 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial magnetosomes ("MAGs") represent a promising class of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with exceptional material characteristics and high application potential in the biomedical and biotechnological field. For the surface functionalization of MAGs with different protein cargos, their enveloping membrane can be addressed by genetic means. However, the expression of foreign polypeptides as translational fusion to magnetosome membrane proteins is still laborious and lacks versatility as the generated particles are monospecific and thus restricted to predetermined functions. Utilizing the SpyTag-SpyCatcher (ST-SC) bioconjugate system, we here establish a flexible platform for the targeted nanoassembly of multifunctional MAGs that combines the rapidity of chemical coupling (e.g., by cross-linking reactions) and the unmatched selectivity and controllability of in vivo functionalization. MAGs genetically engineered to display either SC- or ST-connectors are shown to efficiently bind a variety of complementary tagged (protein) cargo. Specifically, we cover a broad spectrum of representative functional moieties and foreign cargo (such as enzymes, antibodies, fluorophores, and silica beads) with relevance in biotechnology and biomedicine and demonstrate the interchangeability of the MAGs-adapted ST-SC system. For the controlled generation of artificial shells surrounding the particles, SC-MAGs are effectively coated by protein-corona proteins. The potential of the here-provided toolkit is even more enhanced by using SC-MAGs as an affinity tool for selective protein pulldown in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this innovative technology turns bacterial MAGs into a flexible magnetic nanoscaffold for the targeted plug-and-play display of virtually unlimited additional functionalities, thereby generating a multitude of magnetic hybrid materials that can be used in many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Mickoleit
- Dept. Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jakob J Beierl
- Dept. Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Simon Markert
- Dept. Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Marius A Klein
- Dept. Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sabrina Y Stäbler
- Dept. Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Denis S Maier
- Dept. Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dirk Schüler
- Dept. Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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Liu J, Yuan S, Bremmer A, Hu Q. Convergence of Nanotechnology and Bacteriotherapy for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309295. [PMID: 38358998 PMCID: PMC11040386 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria have distinctive properties that make them ideal for biomedical applications. They can self-propel, sense their surroundings, and be externally detected. Using bacteria as medical therapeutic agents or delivery platforms opens new possibilities for advanced diagnosis and therapies. Nano-drug delivery platforms have numerous advantages over traditional ones, such as high loading capacity, controlled drug release, and adaptable functionalities. Combining bacteria and nanotechnologies to create therapeutic agents or delivery platforms has gained increasing attention in recent years and shows promise for improved diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In this review, design principles of integrating nanoparticles with bacteria, bacteria-derived nano-sized vesicles, and their applications and future in advanced diagnosis and therapeutics are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison (UW‐Madison)MadisonWI53705USA
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystemsUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison (UW‐Madison)MadisonWI53705USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison (UW‐Madison)MadisonWI53705USA
| | - Sichen Yuan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison (UW‐Madison)MadisonWI53705USA
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystemsUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison (UW‐Madison)MadisonWI53705USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison (UW‐Madison)MadisonWI53705USA
| | - Alexa Bremmer
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison (UW‐Madison)MadisonWI53705USA
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison (UW‐Madison)MadisonWI53705USA
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystemsUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison (UW‐Madison)MadisonWI53705USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison (UW‐Madison)MadisonWI53705USA
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3
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Zhang J, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Foda MF, Cai K, Liu Q, Jia F, Wang H, Xu F, Han H, Liang H. Natural bioactive lysosomes extracted from multiple cells for tumor therapy. Biomaterials 2024; 304:122430. [PMID: 38100907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of biological origin exhibit many unique properties in biological applications due to their exquisite structure, specific composition, and natural biological functionality. In this study, we obtained lysosomes from three distinct cell types (one normal cell and two activated immune cells) and demonstrated their potential as natural therapeutic nanoparticles for tumor therapy. In vitro experiments revealed that these lysosomes maintained their structural integrity, were well-distributed, and exhibited significant biological activity, which effectively induced cancer cell death by generating ROS and disrupting biological substrates. Additionally, in vivo investigations showed that these lysosomes could accumulate in tumor tissues after intravenous administration and exhibited exceptional therapeutic effects through the destruction of tumor blood vessels and the degradation of immunosuppressive proteins, with complete tumor disappearance in a single treatment. This research on the utilization of bioactive lysosomes for tumor treatment provides valuable insights into drug development and tumor treatment, particularly when conventional approaches have proven ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Quan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Mohamed F Foda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
| | - Kai Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fan Jia
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Heyou Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Huageng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China; Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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Chowdhury R, Wan J, Gardier R, Rafael-Patino J, Thiran JP, Gibou F, Mukherjee A. Molecular Imaging with Aquaporin-Based Reporter Genes: Quantitative Considerations from Monte Carlo Diffusion Simulations. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:3041-3049. [PMID: 37793076 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins provide a unique approach for imaging genetic activity in deep tissues by increasing the rate of cellular water diffusion, which generates a magnetic resonance contrast. However, distinguishing aquaporin signals from the tissue background is challenging because water diffusion is influenced by structural factors, such as cell size and packing density. Here, we developed a Monte Carlo model to analyze how cell radius and intracellular volume fraction quantitatively affect aquaporin signals. We demonstrated that a differential imaging approach based on subtracting signals at two diffusion times can improve specificity by unambiguously isolating aquaporin signals from the tissue background. We further used Monte Carlo simulations to analyze the connection between diffusivity and the percentage of cells engineered to express aquaporin and established a mapping that accurately determined the volume fraction of aquaporin-expressing cells in mixed populations. The quantitative framework developed in this study will enable a broad range of applications in biomedical synthetic biology, requiring the use of aquaporins to noninvasively monitor the location and function of genetically engineered devices in live animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Remy Gardier
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Rafael-Patino
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Radiology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Thiran
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Radiology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Schwan J, Markert S, Rosenfeldt S, Schüler D, Mickoleit F, Schenk AS. Comparing the Colloidal Stabilities of Commercial and Biogenic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles That Have Potential In Vitro/In Vivo Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:4895. [PMID: 37446557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
For the potential in vitro/in vivo applications of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, their stability in different physiological fluids has to be ensured. This important prerequisite includes the preservation of the particles' stability during the envisaged application and, consequently, their invariance with respect to the transfer from storage conditions to cell culture media or even bodily fluids. Here, we investigate the colloidal stabilities of commercial nanoparticles with different coatings as a model system for biogenic iron oxide nanoparticles (magnetosomes) isolated from magnetotactic bacteria. We demonstrate that the stability can be evaluated and quantified by determining the intensity-weighted average of the particle sizes (Z-value) obtained from dynamic light scattering experiments as a simple quality criterion, which can also be used as an indicator for protein corona formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schwan
- Physical Chemistry IV, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Simon Markert
- Department Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sabine Rosenfeldt
- Physical Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dirk Schüler
- Department Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Frank Mickoleit
- Department Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anna S Schenk
- Physical Chemistry IV, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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6
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Chowdhury R, Wan J, Gardier R, Rafael-Patino J, Thiran JP, Gibou F, Mukherjee A. Molecular imaging with aquaporin-based reporter genes: quantitative considerations from Monte Carlo diffusion simulations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.09.544324. [PMID: 37333205 PMCID: PMC10274877 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.09.544324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins provide a new class of genetic tools for imaging molecular activity in deep tissues by increasing the rate of cellular water diffusion, which generates magnetic resonance contrast. However, distinguishing aquaporin contrast from the tissue background is challenging because water diffusion is also influenced by structural factors such as cell size and packing density. Here, we developed and experimentally validated a Monte Carlo model to analyze how cell radius and intracellular volume fraction quantitatively affect aquaporin signals. We demonstrated that a differential imaging approach based on time-dependent changes in diffusivity can improve specificity by unambiguously isolating aquaporin-driven contrast from the tissue background. Finally, we used Monte Carlo simulations to analyze the connection between diffusivity and the percentage of cells engineered to express aquaporin, and established a simple mapping that accurately determined the volume fraction of aquaporin-expressing cells in mixed populations. This study creates a framework for broad applications of aquaporins, particularly in biomedicine and in vivo synthetic biology, where quantitative methods to measure the location and performance of genetic devices in whole vertebrates are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochishnu Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jinyang Wan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Remy Gardier
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Rafael-Patino
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Radiology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Thiran
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Radiology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Gibou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Biological Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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7
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Yavuz M, Ütkür M, Kehribar EŞ, Yağız E, Sarıtaş EÜ, Şeker UÖŞ. Engineered Bacteria with Genetic Circuits Accumulating Nanomagnets as MRI Contrast Agents. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200537. [PMID: 35567331 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The demand for highly efficient cancer diagnostic tools increases alongside the high cancer incidence nowadays. Moreover, there is an imperative need for novel cancer treatment therapies that lack the side effects of conventional treatment options. Developments in this aspect employ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for biomedical applications due to their stability, biocompatibility, and magnetic properties. Certain organisms, including many bacteria, can synthesize magnetic nanocrystals, which help their spatial orientation and survival by sensing the earth's geomagnetic field. This work aims to convert Escherichia coli to accumulate magnetite, which can further be coupled with drug delivery modules. The authors design magnetite accumulating bacterial machines using genetic circuitries hiring Mms6 with iron-binding activity and essential in magnetite crystal formation. The work demonstrates that the combinatorial effect of Mms6 with ferroxidase, iron transporter protein, and material binding peptide enhances the paramagnetic behavior of the cells in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements. Cellular machines are also engineered to display Mms6 peptide on the cell surface via an autotransporter protein that shows augmented MRI performance. The findings are promising for endowing a probiotic bacterium, able to accumulate magnetite intracellularly or extracellularly, serving as a theranostics agent for cancer diagnostics via MRI scanning and hyperthermia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Yavuz
- UNAM- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ütkür
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ebru Şahin Kehribar
- UNAM- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ecrin Yağız
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Emine Ülkü Sarıtaş
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Urartu Özgür Şafak Şeker
- UNAM- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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8
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Frolova AY, Pakhomov AA, Kakuev DL, Sungurova AS, Deyev SM, Martynov VI. Cancer cells targeting with genetically engineered constructs based on a pH-dependent membrane insertion peptide and fluorescent protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 612:141-146. [PMID: 35525198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of nanodrugs to malignant neoplasm is one of the most pressing challenges in the development of modern medicine. It was reported earlier that a bacteriorhodopsin-derived pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP) targets acidic tumors and has the ability to translocate low molecular weight cargoes across the cancer cell membrane. Here, to better understand the potential of pHLIP-related technologies, we used genetically engineered fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a model protein cargo and examined targeting efficiencies of EGFP-pHLIP hybrid constructs in vitro with the HeLa cell line at different pHs. By two independent monitoring methods we observed an increased binding affinity of EGFP-pHLIP fusions to HeLa cells at pH below 6.8. Confocal images of EGFP-pHLIP-treated cells showed bright fluorescence associated with the cell membrane and fluorescent dots localized inside the cell, that became brighter with time. To elucidate the pHLIP-mediated EGFP cell entry mechanisms, we performed a series of experiments with specific inhibitors of endocytosis. Our results imply that EGFP-pHLIP internalization is realized by endocytosis of various types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Yu Frolova
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation; A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Pakhomov
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation; A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Dmitry L Kakuev
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Anna S Sungurova
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey M Deyev
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir I Martynov
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
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Ding M, Liu J, Yang J, Wang H, Xie X, Yang X, Li Y, Guo N, Ouyang R, Miao Y. How do bismuth-based nanomaterials function as promising theranostic agents for the tumor diagnosis and therapy? Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1866-1890. [PMID: 34365944 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210806123008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of tumor microenvironment and the diversity of tumors seriously affect the therapeutic effect, the focus, therefore, has gradually been shifted from monotherapy to combination therapy in clinical research in order to improve the curative effect. The synergistic enhancement interactions among multiple monotherapies majorly contribute to the birth of the multi-mode cooperative therapy, whose effect of the treatment is clearly stronger than that of any single therapy. In addition, the accurate diagnosis of the tumour location is also crucial to the treatment. Bismuth-based nanomaterials (NMs) hold great properties as promising theranostic platforms based on their many unique features that include low toxicity, excellent photothermal conversion efficiency as well as high ability of X-ray computed tomography imaging and photoacoustic imaging. In this review, we will introduce briefly the main features of tumor microenvironment first and its effect on the mechanism of nanomedicine actions and present the recent advances of bismuth-based NMs for diagnosis and photothermal therapy-based combined therapies using bismuth-based NMs are presented, which may provide a new way for overcoming drug resistance and hypoxia. At the end, further challenges and outlooks regarding this promising field are discussed accompanied with some design tips for bismuth-based NMs, hoping to provide researchers some inspirations to design safe and effective nanotherapeutic agents for the clinical treatments of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkui Ding
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093. China
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093. China
| | - Junlei Yang
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093. China
| | - Xianjin Xie
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093. China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093. China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093. China
| | - Ning Guo
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093. China
| | - Ruizhuo Ouyang
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093. China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093. China
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10
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Augustine R, Mamun AA, Hasan A, Salam SA, Chandrasekaran R, Ahmed R, Thakor AS. Imaging cancer cells with nanostructures: Prospects of nanotechnology driven non-invasive cancer diagnosis. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 294:102457. [PMID: 34144344 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanostructured materials in medicine is a rapidly evolving area of research that includes both the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Metals, metal oxides and carbon-based nanomaterials have shown much promise in medical technological advancements due to their tunable physical, chemical and biological properties. The nanoscale properties, especially the size, shape, surface chemistry and stability makes them highly desirable for diagnosing and treating various diseases, including cancers. Major applications of nanomaterials in cancer diagnosis include in vivo bioimaging and molecular marker detection, mainly as image contrast agents using modalities such as radio, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound imaging. When a suitable targeting ligand is attached on the nanomaterial surface, it can help pinpoint the disease site during imaging. The application of nanostructured materials in cancer diagnosis can help in the early detection, treatment and patient follow-up . This review aims to gather and present the information regarding the application of nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis. We also discuss the challenges and prospects regarding the application of nanomaterials as cancer diagnostic tools.
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11
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Mickoleit F, Jörke C, Geimer S, Maier DS, Müller JP, Demut J, Gräfe C, Schüler D, Clement JH. Biocompatibility, uptake and subcellular localization of bacterial magnetosomes in mammalian cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3799-3815. [PMID: 34263139 PMCID: PMC8243654 DOI: 10.1039/d0na01086c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetosomes represent biogenic, magnetic nanoparticles biosynthesized by magnetotactic bacteria. Subtle biological control on each step of biomineralization generates core-shell nanoparticles of high crystallinity, strong magnetization and uniform shape and size. These features make magnetosomes a promising alternative to chemically synthesized nanoparticles for many applications in the biotechnological and biomedical field, such as their usage as biosensors in medical diagnostics, as drug-delivery agents, or as contrast agents for magnetic imaging techniques. Thereby, the particles are directly applied to mammalian cells or even injected into the body. In the present work, we provide a comprehensive characterization of isolated magnetosomes as potential cytotoxic effects and particle uptake have not been well studied so far. Different cell lines including cancer cells and primary cells are incubated with increasing particle amounts, and effects on cell viability are investigated. Obtained data suggest a concentration-dependent biocompatibility of isolated magnetosomes for all tested cell lines. Furthermore, magnetosome accumulation in endolysosomal structures around the nuclei is observed. Proliferation rates are affected in the presence of increasing particle amounts; however, viability is not affected and doubling times can be restored by reducing the magnetosome concentration. In addition, we evidence magnetosome-cell interactions that are strong enough to allow for magnetic cell sorting. Overall, our study not only assesses the biocompatibility of isolated magnetosomes, but also evaluates effects on cell proliferation and the fate of internalized magnetosomes, thereby providing prerequisites for their future in vivo application as biomedical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Mickoleit
- Dept. Microbiology, University of Bayreuth D-95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Cornelia Jörke
- Dept. Hematology and Medical Oncology, Jena University Hospital D-07747 Jena Germany
| | - Stefan Geimer
- Electron Microscopy, University of Bayreuth D-95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Denis S Maier
- Dept. Microbiology, University of Bayreuth D-95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Jörg P Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital D-07745 Jena Germany
| | - Johanna Demut
- Dept. Hematology and Medical Oncology, Jena University Hospital D-07747 Jena Germany
| | - Christine Gräfe
- Dept. Hematology and Medical Oncology, Jena University Hospital D-07747 Jena Germany
| | - Dirk Schüler
- Dept. Microbiology, University of Bayreuth D-95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Joachim H Clement
- Dept. Hematology and Medical Oncology, Jena University Hospital D-07747 Jena Germany
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Mazzio E, Badisa R, Mack N, Cassim S, Zdralevic M, Pouyssegur J, Soliman KFA. Whole-transcriptome Analysis of Fully Viable Energy Efficient Glycolytic-null Cancer Cells Established by Double Genetic Knockout of Lactate Dehydrogenase A/B or Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:469-497. [PMID: 32859627 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Nearly all mammalian tumors of diverse tissues are believed to be dependent on fermentative glycolysis, marked by elevated production of lactic acid and expression of glycolytic enzymes, most notably lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH). Therefore, there has been significant interest in developing chemotherapy drugs that selectively target various isoforms of the LDH enzyme. However, considerable questions remain as to the consequences of biological ablation of LDH or upstream targeting of the glycolytic pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we explore the biochemical and whole transcriptomic effects of CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockout (KO) of lactate dehydrogenases A and B [LDHA/B double KO (DKO)] and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI KO) in the human colon cancer cell line LS174T, using Affymetrix 2.1 ST arrays. RESULTS The metabolic biochemical profiles corroborate that relative to wild type (WT), LDHA/B DKO produced no lactic acid, (GPI KO) produced minimal lactic acid and both KOs displayed higher mitochondrial respiration, and minimal use of glucose with no loss of cell viability. These findings show a high biochemical energy efficiency as measured by ATP in glycolysis-null cells. Next, transcriptomic analysis conducted on 48,226 mRNA transcripts reflect 273 differentially expressed genes (DEGS) in the GPI KO clone set, 193 DEGS in the LDHA/B DKO clone set with 47 DEGs common to both KO clones. Glycolytic-null cells reflect up-regulation in gene transcripts typically associated with nutrient deprivation / fasting and possible use of fats for energy: thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2). Other changes in non-ergometric transcripts in both KOs show losses in "stemness", WNT signaling pathway, chemo/radiation resistance, retinoic acid synthesis, drug detoxification, androgen/estrogen activation, and extracellular matrix reprogramming genes. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that: 1) The "Warburg effect" is dispensable, 2) loss of the LDHAB gene is not only inconsequential to viability but fosters greater mitochondrial energy, and 3) drugs that target LDHA/B are likely to be ineffective without a plausible combination second drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mazzio
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Ramesh Badisa
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Nzinga Mack
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Shamir Cassim
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Masa Zdralevic
- University Côte d'Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, Centre A. Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco .,University Côte d'Azur, IRCAN, CNRS, Centre A. Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A.
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De Vincentiis S, Falconieri A, Mickoleit F, Cappello V, Schüler D, Raffa V. Induction of Axonal Outgrowth in Mouse Hippocampal Neurons via Bacterial Magnetosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4126. [PMID: 33923565 PMCID: PMC8072586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetosomes are membrane-enclosed iron oxide crystals biosynthesized by magnetotactic bacteria. As the biomineralization of bacterial magnetosomes can be genetically controlled, they have become promising nanomaterials for bionanotechnological applications. In the present paper, we explore a novel application of magnetosomes as nanotool for manipulating axonal outgrowth via stretch-growth (SG). SG refers to the process of stimulation of axonal outgrowth through the application of mechanical forces. Thanks to their superior magnetic properties, magnetosomes have been used to magnetize mouse hippocampal neurons in order to stretch axons under the application of magnetic fields. We found that magnetosomes are avidly internalized by cells. They adhere to the cell membrane, are quickly internalized, and slowly degrade after a few days from the internalization process. Our data show that bacterial magnetosomes are more efficient than synthetic iron oxide nanoparticles in stimulating axonal outgrowth via SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Vincentiis
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, SS12 Abetone e Brennero 4, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessandro Falconieri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, SS12 Abetone e Brennero 4, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Frank Mickoleit
- Department of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (F.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Valentina Cappello
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Dirk Schüler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (F.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Vittoria Raffa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, SS12 Abetone e Brennero 4, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.V.); (A.F.)
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Koudrina A, DeRosa MC. Advances in Medical Imaging: Aptamer- and Peptide-Targeted MRI and CT Contrast Agents. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:22691-22701. [PMID: 32954116 PMCID: PMC7495450 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are among the most well-established modalities in the field of noninvasive medical imaging. Despite being powerful tools, both suffer from a number of limitations and often fall short when it comes to full delineation of pathological tissues. Since its conception, molecular imaging has been commonly utilized to further the understanding of disease progression, as well as monitor treatment efficacy. This has naturally led to the advancement of the field of targeted imaging. Targeted imaging research is currently dominated by ligand-modified contrast media for applications in MRI and CT imaging. Although a plethora of targeting ligands exist, a fine balance between their size and target binding efficiency must be considered. This review will focus on aptamer- and peptide-modified contrast agents, outlining selected formulations developed in recent years while highlighting the advantages offered by these targeting ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koudrina
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S
5B6, Canada
| | - Maria C. DeRosa
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S
5B6, Canada
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