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Liu J, Chen C, Lu J, Wang Y, Zhai J, Zhao H, Lu N. Template-confined assembly of Ag nanocubes: An approach to fabricate SERS substrate with good performance. Talanta 2024; 269:125442. [PMID: 38029608 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an important analytical technique. Its detection sensitivity and reproducibility depend on the density and distribution of SERS hotspots. Self-assembly is an efficient method to produce of SERS substrates due to its easy accessibility. However, the assembled defects can hardly be avoided on large area, which could lower the density and uniformity of the hotspots, leading to poor SERS performance. Herein, we report a method to reduce the defects by taking a patterned substrate as template to confine the assembly of Ag nanocubes. The template was prepared based on the combination of photo lithography and self-assembly. Confined by the template, the Ag nanocubes were assembled closely in each dots of the pattern. The limit of detection (LOD) is down to 3.42 × 10-17 M and the enhanced factor (EF) is up to 3.44 × 1010 on the prepared substrate for detecting rhodamine 6G (R6G). In addition, the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the different substrates is 8.75 %. The assembled Ag nanocubes exhibits high sensitivity and reproducibility as SERS substrate, which are contributed by the formation of high-density and uniform hotspots. The prepared substrate can be used for detecting trace amounts of melamine in milk with LOD of 2.06 × 10-7 M and RSD of 6.91 %, so the substrate is applicable for analyzing various analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Chunning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Yalei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Jingtong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Hongkun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
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2
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Bulut Y, Sochor B, Harder C, Reck K, Drewes J, Xu Z, Jiang X, Meinhardt A, Jeromin A, Kohantorabi M, Noei H, Keller TF, Strunskus T, Faupel F, Müller-Buschbaum P, Roth SV. Diblock copolymer pattern protection by silver cluster reinforcement. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15768-15774. [PMID: 37740389 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Pattern fabrication by self-assembly of diblock copolymers is of significant interest due to the simplicity in fabricating complex structures. In particular, polystyrene-block-poly-4-vinylpyridine (PS-b-P4VP) is a fascinating base material as it forms an ordered micellar structure on silicon surfaces. In this work, silver (Ag) is applied using direct current magnetron sputter deposition and high-power impulse magnetron sputter deposition on an ordered micellar PS-b-P4VP layer. The fabricated hybrid materials are structurally analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering. When applying simple aqueous posttreatment, the pattern is stable and reinforced by Ag clusters, making micellar PS-b-P4VP ordered layers ideal candidates for lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Bulut
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Sochor
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Constantin Harder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kristian Reck
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonas Drewes
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Zhuijun Xu
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Xiongzhuo Jiang
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Meinhardt
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchtrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Notkestr. 9-11, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arno Jeromin
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchtrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mona Kohantorabi
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchtrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heshmat Noei
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchtrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Keller
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchtrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Notkestr. 9-11, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergerstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Rapid and non-invasive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection of chlorpyrifos in fruits using disposable paper-based substrates charged with gold nanoparticle/halloysite nanotube composites. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:197. [PMID: 35459974 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides in agricultural production. Nevertheless, the residues of chlorpyrifos in agricultural by-product seriously threaten human health. Thus, the ultrasensitive detection of chlorpyrifos residues in agri-food products is of great demand. Herein, an AuNP/HNT-assembled disposable paper SERS substrate was prepared by an electrostatic self-assembly method to detect chlorpyrifos residues. The AuNP/HNT paper substrate exhibited high SERS activity, good reproducibility, and long-term stability, which was successfully used for quantitative detection of chlorpyrifos; the detection limit reached 7.9 × 10-9 M. For spiked apple samples the calculated recovery was 87.9% with a RSD value of 6.1%. The excellent detection ability of AuNP/HNT paper-based SERS substrate indicated that it will play an important role in pesticide detection in the future. AuNP/HNT assembled disposable paper SERS substrate was prepared by an electrostatic self-assembly method to detect chlorpyrifos residues in fruits.
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Lv G, Tian H, Shao J, Yu D. Pattern formation in thin polymeric films via electrohydrodynamic patterning. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9681-9697. [PMID: 35424937 PMCID: PMC8959450 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01109c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The free surface of a thin polymeric film is often unstable and deforms into various micro-/nano-patterns under an externally applied electric field. This paper reviews a recent patterning technique, electrohydrodynamic patterning (EHDP), a straightforward, cost-effective and contactless bottom-up method. The theoretical and numerical studies of EHDP are shown. How the characteristic wavelength and the characteristic time depend on both the external conditions (such as voltage, film thickness, template-substrate spacing) and the initial polymer properties (such as rheological property, electrical property and surface tension) is theoretically and experimentally discussed. Various possible strategies for fabricating high-aspect-ratio or hierarchical patterns are theoretically and experimentally reviewed. Aligning and ordering of the anisotropic polymers by EHDP is emphasized. A perspective, including novelty and limitations of the methods, particularly in comparison to some conventional patterning techniques, and a possible future direction of research, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Lv
- School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipments, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi P. R. China
- Xi'an Aerospace Chemical Propulsion Co., Ltd. Xi'an 710025 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Hongmiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Demei Yu
- School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipments, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi P. R. China
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5
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Abir SSH, Sadaf MUK, Saha SK, Touhami A, Lozano K, Uddin MJ. Nanofiber-Based Substrate for a Triboelectric Nanogenerator: High-Performance Flexible Energy Fiber Mats. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60401-60412. [PMID: 34882388 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are the next-generation systems for wearable and portable electronics. In this study, we have demonstrated an all nanofiber-based TENG for energy harvesting and biomechanical sensing applications. The TENG was prepared using the Forcespinning (FS) method to produce poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofiber (NF) membranes. The TPU nanofiber membranes were interfaced with a homogeneously sputtered gold nanofilm. The experimental characterization of the PVDF-TPU/Au NF-TENG revealed that surface interfaced with dispersed gold in a TPU fiber membrane produced a maximum open-circuit voltage of 254 V and a short-circuit current of 86 μA output at a 240 bpm load frequency, which was, respectively, 112 and 87% greater than bare PVDF-TPU NF-based TENG. All systems were composed of an active contact surface area of 3.2 × 2.5 cm2. Furthermore, the TENG was able to light up 75 LEDs (1.5 V of each) by the hand-tapping motion. The resistive load and capacitor test results exemplified a TENG offering a simple and high-performance self-chargeable device. Furthermore, we have tested the TENG's response for biomechanical movements at different frequencies, suggesting the TENG's potential to be also used as a cost-effective self-powered flexible body motion sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Shamim Hasan Abir
- Photonics and Energy Research Laboratory, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
| | - Muhtasim Ul Karim Sadaf
- Photonics and Energy Research Laboratory, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
| | - Sunanda Kumar Saha
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
| | - Ahmed Touhami
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, United States
| | - Karen Lozano
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
| | - Mohammed Jasim Uddin
- Photonics and Energy Research Laboratory, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
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Schaper SJ, Löhrer FC, Xia S, Geiger C, Schwartzkopf M, Pandit P, Rubeck J, Fricke B, Frenzke S, Hinz AM, Carstens N, Polonskyi O, Strunskus T, Faupel F, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. Revealing the growth of copper on polystyrene- block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer thin films with in situ GISAXS. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10555-10565. [PMID: 34100512 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01480c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) as an excellent electrical conductor and the amphiphilic diblock copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) as a polymer electrolyte and ionic conductor can be combined with an active material in composite electrodes for polymer lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As interfaces are a key issue in LIBs, sputter deposition of Cu contacts on PS-b-PEO thin films with high PEO fraction is investigated with in situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) to follow the formation of the Cu layer in real-time. We observe a hierarchical morphology of Cu clusters building larger Cu agglomerates. Two characteristic distances corresponding to the PS-b-PEO microphase separation and the Cu clusters are determined. A selective agglomeration of Cu clusters on the PS domains explains the origin of the persisting hierarchical morphology of the Cu layer even after a complete surface coverage is reached. The spheroidal shape of the Cu clusters growing within the first few nanometers of sputter deposition causes a highly porous Cu-polymer interface. Four growth stages are distinguished corresponding to different kinetics of the cluster growth of Cu on PS-b-PEO thin films: (I) nucleation, (II) diffusion-driven growth, (III) adsorption-driven growth, and (IV) grain growth of Cu clusters. Percolation is reached at an effective Cu layer thickness of 5.75 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Schaper
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Franziska C Löhrer
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Senlin Xia
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Christina Geiger
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schwartzkopf
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pallavi Pandit
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Rubeck
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Fricke
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susann Frenzke
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander M Hinz
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Niko Carstens
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Polonskyi
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany. and Heinz Maier-Leibniz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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7
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Liu S, Cui R, Ma Y, Yu Q, Kannegulla A, Wu B, Fan H, Wang AX, Kong X. Plasmonic cellulose textile fiber from waste paper for BPA sensing by SERS. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 227:117664. [PMID: 31670224 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flexible plasmonic Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates were fabricated using cellulose textile fibers, in which the textile fibers were recycled from waste paper in an eco-friendly way. The Glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTAC) with positive charges was grafted onto the surface of the cellulose textile fibers through cationization. Plasmonic silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with negative charges were decorated onto the cellulose textile fibers via electrostatic interactions. After cationization, the variation range of the diameter of the cellulose textile fibers was significantly increased because part of the cellulose was dissolved under alkaline condition, leading to more 'hot spots' for SERS during the shrinking process. The cellulose textile fiber-Ag NPs nanocomposite was employed for monitoring bisphenol A (BPA) in water and soft drink by SERS and the sensitivity of BPA detection achieved 50 ppb. The recovery values of BPA in soda water samples were from 96% to 105%. These results illustrate that the cellulose textile fiber-Ag NPs nanocomposite can be used as flexible, high sensitivity SERS substrates for detecting harmful ingredients in food or environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning, 113001, PR China
| | - Rongkai Cui
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning, 113001, PR China
| | - Yibo Ma
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Qian Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning, 113001, PR China.
| | - Akash Kannegulla
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Hongtao Fan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning, 113001, PR China
| | - Alan X Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Xianming Kong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning, 113001, PR China.
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Yuan N, Zhao H, Zheng C, Zheng X, Fu Q, Wu M, Lei Y. An efficient nanopatterning strategy for controllably fabricating ultra-small gaps as a highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering platform. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:045301. [PMID: 31574491 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab49ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The realization of large-scale and high-density gaps with sizes as small as possible is crucial for designing ultra-sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. As known, the ultrathin alumina mask (UTAM) surface nanopatterning technique allows the fabrication of periodic nanoparticle (NP) arrays with 5 nm gaps among the NPs, however, it still faces a significant challenge in realizing the reliable distribution of nanogaps over a large area, because of the unavoidable collapse of the UTAM pore wall during the traditional one-step homothermal pore-widening process. Herein, an efficient two-step poikilothermal pore-widening process was developed to precisely control the pore wall etching of a UTAM, enabling effectively avoiding the fragmentation of the UTAM and finally obtaining a large-scale UTAM with a pore wall thickness of about 5 nm. As a result, large-scale NP arrays with high-density sub-5 nm and even smaller gaps between the neighboring NPs have been realized through applying the as-prepared UTAM as the nanopatterning template. These NP arrays with sub-5 nm gaps show ultrahigh SERS sensitivity (signal enhancement improved by an order of magnitude compared with NP arrays with 5 nm gaps) and good reproducibility, which demonstrates the practical feasibility of this promising two-step pore-widening UTAM technique for the fabrication of high-performance active SERS substrates with large-scale ultra-small nanogaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yuan
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
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9
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El Guerraf A, Aouzal Z, Bouabdallaoui M, Ben Jadi S, El Jaouhari A, Wang R, Bazzaoui M, Bazzaoui E. Electrochemically roughened silver surface versus fractal leaf-shaped silver crystals for surface-enhanced Raman scattering investigation of polypyrrole. J Solid State Electrochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-019-04288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Raziman TV, Duenas JA, Milne WI, Martin OJF, Dawson P. Origin of enhancement in Raman scattering from Ag-dressed carbon-nanotube antennas: experiment and modelling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:5827-5840. [PMID: 29412206 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06416k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The D- and G-band Raman signals from random arrays of vertically aligned, multi-walled carbon nanotubes are significantly enhanced (up to ∼14×) while the signal from the underlying Si substrate is simultaneously attenuated (up to ∼6×) when the nanotubes are dressed, either capped or coated, with Ag. These Ag-induced counter-changes originate with the difference in geometry of the nanotubes and planar Si substrate and contrast in the Ag depositions on the substrate (essentially thin film) and the nanotube (nano-particulate). The surface integral equation technique is used to perform detailed modelling of the electromagnetic response of the system in a computationally efficient manner. Within the modelling the overall antenna response of the Ag-dressed nanotubes is shown to underpin the main contribution to enhancement of the nanotube Raman signal with hot-spots between the Ag nanoparticles making a subsidiary contribution on account of their relatively weak penetration into the nanotube walls. Although additional hot-spot activity likely accounts for a shortfall in modelling relative to experiment it is nonetheless the case that the significant antenna-driven enhancement stands in marked contrast to the hot-spot dominated enhancement of the Raman spectra from molecules adsorbed on the same Ag-dressed structures. The Ag-dressing procedure for amplifying the nanotube Raman output not only allows for ready characterisation of individual nanotubes, but also evidences a small peak at ∼1150 cm-1 (not visible for the bare, undressed nanotube) which is suggested to be due to the presence of trans-polyacetylene in the structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Raziman
- Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Dawson P, Frey D, Kalathingal V, Mehfuz R, Mitra J. Novel routes to electromagnetic enhancement and its characterisation in surface- and tip-enhanced Raman scattering. Faraday Discuss 2017; 205:121-148. [PMID: 28884781 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00128b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative understanding of the electromagnetic component in enhanced Raman spectroscopy is often difficult to achieve on account of the complex substrate structures utilised. We therefore turn to two structurally simple systems amenable to detailed modelling. The first is tip-enhanced Raman scattering under electron scanning tunnelling microscopy control (STM-TERS) where, appealing to understanding developed in the context of photon emission from STM, it is argued that the localised surface plasmon modes driving the Raman enhancement exist in the visible and near-infrared regime only by virtue of significant modification to the optical properties of the tip and sample metals (gold here). This is due to the strong dc field-induced (∼109 V m-1) non-linear corrections to the dielectric function of gold via the third order susceptibility term in the polarisation. Also, sub-5 nm spatial resolution is shown in the modelling. Secondly, we suggest a novel deployment of hybrid plasmonic waveguide modes in surface enhanced Raman scattering (HPWG-SERS). This delivers strong confinement of electromagnetic energy in a ∼10 nm oxide 'gap' between a high-index dielectric material of nanoscale width (a GaAs nanorod and a 100 nm Si slab are considered here) and a metal, yielding a monotonic variation in the Raman enhancement factor as a function of wavelength with no long-wavelength cut-off, both features that contrast with STM-TERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dawson
- Centre for Nanostructured Media, School of Maths and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK.
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12
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Basker DK, Saravanamuttu K. Spontaneous Formation of Fractal Aggregates of Au Nanoparticles in Epoxy-Siloxane Films and Their Application as Substrates for NIR Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E507. [PMID: 30965810 PMCID: PMC6418541 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a facile, inexpensive route to free-standing, thermo-mechanically robust and flexible epoxy-siloxane substrates embedded with fractal aggregates of Au nanoparticles, and demonstrate their efficiency as substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) at NIR wavelengths. The metallodielectric films are prepared by generating Au nanoparticles through the in-situ reduction of gold (III) chloride trihydrate in epoxypropoxypropyl terminated polydimethyl siloxane (EDMS). The metal nanoparticles spontaneously aggregate into fractal structures in the colloid, which could then be drop-cast onto a substrate. Subsequent UV-initiated cationic polymerization of epoxide moieties in EDMS transforms the fluid colloid into a thin, free-standing film, which contains a dense distribution of fractal aggregates of Au nanoparticles. We used electron and optical microscopy as well as UV⁻Vis⁻NIR spectrometry to monitor the evolution of nanoparticles and to optically and structurally characterize the resulting films. Raman spectroscopy of the chromophore Eosin Y adsorbed onto the metallodielectric films showed that they are excellent SERS substrates at NIR excitation with an enhancement factor of ~9.3 × 10³.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Basker
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
| | - Kalaichelvi Saravanamuttu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.
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13
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Lv G, Zhang S, Shao J, Wang G, Tian H, Yu D. Rapid fabrication of electrohydrodynamic micro-/nanostructures with high aspect ratio using a leaky dielectric photoresist. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Schwartzkopf M, Hinz A, Polonskyi O, Strunskus T, Löhrer FC, Körstgens V, Müller-Buschbaum P, Faupel F, Roth SV. Role of Sputter Deposition Rate in Tailoring Nanogranular Gold Structures on Polymer Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:5629-5637. [PMID: 28106380 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The reproducible low-cost fabrication of functional polymer-metal interfaces via self-assembly is of crucial importance in organic electronics and organic photovoltaics. In particular, submonolayer and nanogranular systems expose highly interesting electrical, plasmonic, and catalytic properties. The exploitation of their great potential requires tailoring of the structure on the nanometer scale and below. To obtain full control over the complex nanostructural evolution at the polymer-metal interface, we monitor the evolution of the metallic layer morphology with in situ time-resolved grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering during sputter deposition. We identify the impact of different deposition rates on the growth regimes: the deposition rate affects primarily the nucleation process and the adsorption-mediated growth, whereas rather small effects on diffusion-mediated growth processes are observed. Only at higher rates are initial particle densities higher due to an increasing influence of random nucleation, and an earlier onset of thin film percolation occurs. The obtained results are discussed to identify optimized morphological parameters of the gold cluster ensemble relevant for various applications as a function of the effective layer thickness and deposition rate. Our study opens up new opportunities to improve the fabrication of tailored metal-polymer nanostructures for plasmonic-enhanced applications such as organic photovoltaics and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schwartzkopf
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Polonskyi
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Franziska C Löhrer
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Volker Körstgens
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Schwartzkopf M, Roth SV. Investigating Polymer-Metal Interfaces by Grazing Incidence Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering from Gradients to Real-Time Studies. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 6:E239. [PMID: 28335367 PMCID: PMC5302712 DOI: 10.3390/nano6120239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the polymer-metal interface is crucial for advanced material design. Vacuum deposition methods for metal layer coating are widely used in industry and research. They allow for installing a variety of nanostructures, often making use of the selective interaction of the metal atoms with the underlying polymer thin film. The polymer thin film may eventually be nanostructured, too, in order to create a hierarchy in length scales. Grazing incidence X-ray scattering is an advanced method to characterize and investigate polymer-metal interfaces. Being non-destructive and yielding statistically relevant results, it allows for deducing the detailed polymer-metal interaction. We review the use of grazing incidence X-ray scattering to elucidate the polymer-metal interface, making use of the modern synchrotron radiation facilities, allowing for very local studies via in situ (so-called "stop-sputter") experiments as well as studies observing the nanostructured metal nanoparticle layer growth in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Pillar-cap shaped arrays of Ag/SiO2 multilayers after annealing treatment as a SERS—active substrate. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Areizaga-Martinez HI, Kravchenko I, Lavrik NV, Sepaniak MJ, Hernández-Rivera SP, De Jesús MA. Performance Characteristics of Bio-Inspired Metal Nanostructures as Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattered (SERS) Substrates. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:1432-1445. [PMID: 27566257 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816662596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of high-performance plasmonic nanomaterials for bio-sensing and trace chemical detection is a field of intense theoretical and experimental research. The use of metal-silicon nanopillar arrays as analytical sensors has been reported with reasonable results in recent years. The use of bio-inspired nanocomposite structures that follow the Fibonacci numerical architecture offers the opportunity to develop nanostructures with theoretically higher and more reproducible plasmonic fields over extended areas. The work presented here describes the nanofabrication process for a series of 40 µm × 40 µm bio-inspired arrays classified as asymmetric fractals (sunflower seeds and romanesco broccoli), bilaterally symmetric (acacia leaves and honeycombs), and radially symmetric (such as orchids and lily flowers) using electron beam lithography. In addition, analytical capabilities were evaluated using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The substrate characterization and SERS performance of the developed substrates as the strategies to assess the design performance are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Kravchenko
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA
| | - Nickolay V Lavrik
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA
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18
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Ţălu Ş, Bramowicz M, Kulesza S, Ghaderi A, Dalouji V, Solaymani S, Khalaj Z. Microstructure and micromorphology of Cu/Co nanoparticles: Surface texture analysis. ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13391-016-6036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Tian H, Shao J, Hu H, Wang L, Ding Y. Generation of Hierarchically Ordered Structures on a Polymer Film by Electrohydrodynamic Structure Formation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:16419-16427. [PMID: 27268135 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The extensive applications of hierarchical structures in optoelectronics, micro/nanofluidics, energy conservation, etc., have led to the development of a variety of approaches for their fabrication, which can be categorized as bottom-up or top-down strategies. Current bottom-up and top-down strategies bear a complementary relationship to each other due to their processing characteristics, i.e., the advantages of one method correspond to the disadvantages of the other, and vice versa. Here we propose a novel method based on electrohydrodynamic structure formation, aimed at combining the main advantages of the two strategies. The method allows the fabrication of a hierarchically ordered structure with well-defined geometry and high mechanical durability on a polymer film, through a simple and low-cost process also suitable for mass-production. In this approach, upon application of an electric field between a template and a substrate sandwiching an air gap and a polymer film, the polymer is pulled toward the template and further flows into the template cavities, resulting in a hierarchical structure with primary and secondary patterns determined by electrohydrodynamic instability and by the template features, respectively. In this work, the fabrication of a hierarchical structure by electrohydrodynamic structure formation is studied using numerical simulations and experimental tests. The proposed method is then employed for the one-step fabrication of a hierarchical structure exhibiting a gradual transition in the periodicity of the primary structure using a slant template and a flat polymer film, which presents an excellent performance on controllable wettability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmiao Tian
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , 28 Xianning Road, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , 28 Xianning Road, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hong Hu
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , 28 Xianning Road, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , 28 Xianning Road, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yucheng Ding
- Micro- and Nano-technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , 28 Xianning Road, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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20
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Smirnov E, Peljo P, Scanlon MD, Gumy F, Girault HH. Self-healing gold mirrors and filters at liquid-liquid interfaces. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7723-7737. [PMID: 27001646 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00371k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The optical and morphological properties of lustrous metal self-healing liquid-like nanofilms were systematically studied for different applications (e.g., optical mirrors or filters). These nanofilms were formed by a one-step self-assembly methodology of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at immiscible water-oil interfaces, previously reported by our group. We investigated a host of experimental variables and herein report their influence on the optical properties of nanofilms: AuNP mean diameter, interfacial AuNP surface coverage, nature of the organic solvent, and nature of the lipophilic organic molecule that caps the AuNPs in the interfacial nanofilm. To probe the interfacial gold nanofilms we used in situ (UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy and optical microscopy) as well as ex situ (SEM and TEM of interfacial gold nanofilms transferred to silicon substrates) techniques. The interfacial AuNP surface coverage strongly influenced the morphology of the interfacial nanofilms, and in turn their maximum reflectance and absorbance. We observed three distinct morphological regimes; (i) smooth 2D monolayers of "floating islands" of AuNPs at low surface coverages, (ii) a mixed 2D/3D regime with the beginnings of 3D nanostructures consisting of small piles of adsorbed AuNPs even under sub-full-monolayer conditions and, finally, (iii) a 3D regime characterised by the 2D full-monolayer being covered in significant piles of adsorbed AuNPs. A maximal value of reflectance reached 58% in comparison with a solid gold mirror, when 38 nm mean diameter AuNPs were used at a water-nitrobenzene interface. Meanwhile, interfacial gold nanofilms prepared with 12 nm mean diameter AuNPs exhibited the highest extinction intensities at ca. 690 nm and absorbance around 90% of the incident light, making them an attractive candidate for filtering applications. Furthermore, the interparticle spacing, and resulting interparticle plasmon coupling derived optical properties, varied significantly on replacing tetrathiafulvalene with neocuproine as the AuNP capping ligand in the nanofilm. These interfacial nanofilms formed with neocuproine and 38 nm mean diameter AuNPs, at monolayer surface coverages and above, were black due to aggregation and broadband absorbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Smirnov
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland.
| | - Pekka Peljo
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland.
| | - Micheál D Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry, the Tyndall National Institute and the Analytical & Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Frederic Gumy
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland.
| | - Hubert H Girault
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland.
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21
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Lee WL, Low HY. Geometry- and Length Scale-Dependent Deformation and Recovery on Micro- and Nanopatterned Shape Memory Polymer Surfaces. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23686. [PMID: 27026290 PMCID: PMC4812242 DOI: 10.1038/srep23686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro- and nanoscale surface textures, when optimally designed, present a unique approach to improve surface functionalities. Coupling surface texture with shape memory polymers may generate reversibly tuneable surface properties. A shape memory polyetherurethane is used to prepare various surface textures including 2 μm- and 200 nm-gratings, 250 nm-pillars and 200 nm-holes. The mechanical deformation via stretching and recovery of the surface texture are investigated as a function of length scales and shapes. Results show the 200 nm-grating exhibiting more deformation than 2 μm-grating. Grating imparts anisotropic and surface area-to-volume effects, causing different degree of deformation between gratings and pillars under the same applied macroscopic strain. Full distribution of stress within the film causes the holes to deform more substantially than the pillars. In the recovery study, unlike a nearly complete recovery for the gratings after 10 transformation cycles, the high contribution of surface energy impedes the recovery of holes and pillars. The surface textures are shown to perform a switchable wetting function. This study provides insights into how geometric features of shape memory surface patterns can be designed to modulate the shape programming and recovery, and how the control of reversibly deformable surface textures can be applied to transfer microdroplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li Lee
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Hong Yee Low
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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22
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Chen J, Huang Y, Kannan P, Zhang L, Lin Z, Zhang J, Chen T, Guo L. Flexible and Adhesive Surface Enhance Raman Scattering Active Tape for Rapid Detection of Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2149-55. [PMID: 26810698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Chen
- Institute
of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory
of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
- Division
of Polymer and Composite Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1219 Zhongguan
West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Youju Huang
- Division
of Polymer and Composite Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1219 Zhongguan
West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Palanisamy Kannan
- Singapore
Centre on Environmental Life Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division
of Polymer and Composite Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1219 Zhongguan
West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Institute
of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory
of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Division
of Polymer and Composite Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1219 Zhongguan
West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Division
of Polymer and Composite Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1219 Zhongguan
West Road, Zhenhai District, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Longhua Guo
- Institute
of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory
of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
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23
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Tsuruoka T, Matsuyama T, Miyanaga A, Ohhashi T, Takashima Y, Akamatsu K. Site-selective growth of metal–organic frameworks using an interfacial growth approach combined with VUV photolithography. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel approach combined with interfacial growth and photolithography has been developed for the site-selective growth of MOF crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Tsuruoka
- Department of Nanobiochemistry
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST)
- Konan University
- Kobe 650-0047
- Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Matsuyama
- Department of Nanobiochemistry
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST)
- Konan University
- Kobe 650-0047
- Japan
| | - Ayumi Miyanaga
- Department of Nanobiochemistry
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST)
- Konan University
- Kobe 650-0047
- Japan
| | - Takashi Ohhashi
- Department of Nanobiochemistry
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST)
- Konan University
- Kobe 650-0047
- Japan
| | - Yohei Takashima
- Department of Nanobiochemistry
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST)
- Konan University
- Kobe 650-0047
- Japan
| | - Kensuke Akamatsu
- Department of Nanobiochemistry
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST)
- Konan University
- Kobe 650-0047
- Japan
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24
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Fu Q, Zhan Z, Dou J, Zheng X, Xu R, Wu M, Lei Y. Highly Reproducible and Sensitive SERS Substrates with Ag Inter-Nanoparticle Gaps of 5 nm Fabricated by Ultrathin Aluminum Mask Technique. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:13322-13328. [PMID: 26023763 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Applicable surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrates require high enhancement factor (EF), excellent spatial reproducibility, and low-cost fabrication method on a large area. Although several SERS substrates with high EF and relative standard deviation (RSD) of signal less than 5% were reported, reliable fabrication for large area SERS substrates with both high sensitivity and high reproducibility via low-cost routes remains a challenge. Here, we report a facile and cost-effective fabrication process for large-scale SERS substrate with Ag inter-nanoparticle (NP) gaps of 5 nm based on ultrathin alumina mask (UTAM) surface pattern technique. Such closely packed Ag NP arrays with high density of electromagnetic field enhancement ("hot spots") on large area exhibit high SERS activity and excellent reproducibility, simultaneously. Rhodamine 6G molecules with concentration of 1 × 10(-7) M are used to determine the SERS performance, and an EF of ∼10(9) is obtained. It should be noted that we obtain RSDs about 2% from 10 random spots on an area of 1 cm(2), which implies the highly reproducible signals. Finite-difference time-domain simulations further suggest that the enhanced electric field originates from the narrow gap, which agrees well with the experimental results. The low value of RSD and the high EF of SERS signals indicate that the as-prepared substrate may be promising for highly sensitive and uniform SERS detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Fu
- †Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Zhibing Zhan
- ‡Institute for Physics and IMN MacroNano (ZIK), Technical University of Ilmenau, Prof. Schmidt Straße 26, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Jinxia Dou
- †Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xianzheng Zheng
- †Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xu
- ‡Institute for Physics and IMN MacroNano (ZIK), Technical University of Ilmenau, Prof. Schmidt Straße 26, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Minghong Wu
- †Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yong Lei
- †Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
- ‡Institute for Physics and IMN MacroNano (ZIK), Technical University of Ilmenau, Prof. Schmidt Straße 26, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
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25
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Schwartzkopf M, Santoro G, Brett CJ, Rothkirch A, Polonskyi O, Hinz A, Metwalli E, Yao Y, Strunskus T, Faupel F, Müller-Buschbaum P, Roth SV. Real-Time Monitoring of Morphology and Optical Properties during Sputter Deposition for Tailoring Metal-Polymer Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:13547-56. [PMID: 26030314 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The reproducible low-cost fabrication of functional metal-polymer nanocomposites with tailored optoelectronic properties for advanced applications remains a major challenge in applied nanotechnology. To obtain full control over the nanostructural evolution at the metal-polymer interface and its impact on optoelectronic properties, we employed combined in situ time-resolved microfocus grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (μGISAXS) with in situ UV/vis specular reflectance spectroscopy (SRS) during sputter deposition of gold on thin polystyrene films. On the basis of the temporal evolution of the key scattering features in the real-time μGISAXS experiment, we directly observed four different growth regimes: nucleation, isolated island growth, growth of larger aggregates via partial coalescence, and continuous layer growth. Moreover, their individual thresholds were identified with subnanometer resolution and correlated to the changes in optical properties. During sputter deposition, a change in optical reflectivity of the pristine gray-blue PS film was observed ranging from dark blue color due to the presence of isolated nanoclusters at the interface to bright red color from larger Au aggregates. We used simplified geometrical assumptions to model the evolution of average real space parameters (distance, size, density, contact angle) in excellent agreement with the qualitative observation of key scattering features. A decrease of contact angles was observed during the island-to-percolation transition and confirmed by simulations. Furthermore, a surface diffusion coefficient according to the kinetic freezing model and interfacial energy of Au on PS at room temperature were calculated based on a real-time experiment. The morphological characterization is complemented by X-ray reflectivity, optical, and electron microscopy. Our study permits a better understanding of the growth kinetics of gold clusters and their self-organization into complex nanostructures on polymer substrates. It opens up the opportunity to improve nanofabrication and tailoring of metal-polymer nanostructures for optoelectronic applications, organic photovoltaics, and plasmonic-enhanced technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schwartzkopf
- †Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Santoro
- †Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Calvin J Brett
- †Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - André Rothkirch
- †Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Polonskyi
- ‡Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr.2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Hinz
- ‡Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr.2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ezzeldin Metwalli
- §Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yuan Yao
- §Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- ‡Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr.2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- ‡Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr.2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- §Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- †Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
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26
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Bigall NC, Nandan B, Gowd EB, Horechyy A, Eychmüller A. High-Resolution Metal Nanopatterning by Means of Switchable Block Copolymer Templates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12559-12569. [PMID: 25619225 DOI: 10.1021/am507567q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this review, recent developments in the fabrication of hexagonal and parallel ordered arrays of metallic nanodomains on a substrate are described. We focus on the nanopatterning approach by means of switchable block copolymer thin films. This approach is highly advantageous, because it can lead to extremely regular patterns with metal subunits of only a few nanometers in diameter and center-to-center distances of tens of nanometers. Hence, the resulting 1D or 2D periodic arrays of metal nanodots and nanowires on silicon substrates can be fabricated with extremely high unit densities and on very large areas. The templated deposition of presynthesized metal nanoparticles on functional block copolymers is described in detail. Current challenges are discussed and an outlook for further developments is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja C Bigall
- †Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bhanu Nandan
- ‡Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - E Bhoje Gowd
- §Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Andriy Horechyy
- ⊥Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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27
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Roth SV, Santoro G, Risch JFH, Yu S, Schwartzkopf M, Boese T, Döhrmann R, Zhang P, Besner B, Bremer P, Rukser D, Rübhausen MA, Terrill NJ, Staniec PA, Yao Y, Metwalli E, Müller-Buschbaum P. Patterned Diblock Co-Polymer Thin Films as Templates for Advanced Anisotropic Metal Nanostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12470-7. [PMID: 25635697 DOI: 10.1021/am507727f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate glancing-angle deposition of gold on a nanostructured diblock copolymer, namely polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) thin film. Exploiting the selective wetting of gold on the polystyrene block, we are able to fabricate directional hierarchical structures. We prove the asymmetric growth of the gold nanoparticles and are able to extract the different growth laws by in situ scattering methods. The optical anisotropy of these hierarchical hybrid materials is further probed by angular resolved spectroscopic methods. This approach enables us to tailor functional hierarchical layers in nanodevices, such as nanoantennae arrays, organic photovoltaics, and sensor electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan V Roth
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Santoro
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes F H Risch
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shun Yu
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Boese
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Döhrmann
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peng Zhang
- †Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Besner
- ‡Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperforschung, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Advanced Study Group-APOG, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 D Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Bremer
- ‡Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperforschung, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Advanced Study Group-APOG, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 D Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Rukser
- ‡Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperforschung, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Advanced Study Group-APOG, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 D Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Rübhausen
- ‡Institut für Nanostruktur- und Festkörperforschung, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Advanced Study Group-APOG, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 D Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nick J Terrill
- §Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Staniec
- §Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Yuan Yao
- ⊥Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, TU München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ezzeldin Metwalli
- ⊥Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, TU München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- ⊥Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, TU München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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28
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Yang Q, Li BQ, Ding Y, Shao J. Steady State of Electrohydrodynamic Patterning of Micro/Nanostructures on Thin Polymer Films. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie502288a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhen Yang
- State
Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ben Q. Li
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, United States
| | - Yucheng Ding
- State
Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- State
Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, People’s Republic of China
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29
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Glynn C, Creedon D, Geaney H, O'Connell J, Holmes JD, O'Dwyer C. Optimizing vanadium pentoxide thin films and multilayers from dip-coated nanofluid precursors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:2031-2038. [PMID: 24432710 DOI: 10.1021/am4051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using an alkoxide-based precursor, a strategy for producing highly uniform thin films and multilayers of V2O5 is demonstrated using dip coating. Defect-free and smooth films of V2O5 on different surfaces can be deposited from liquid precursors. We show how pinholes are formed due to heterogeneous nucleation during hydrolysis as the precursor forms a nanofluid. Using knowledge of instability formation often found in composite nanofluid films and the influence of cluster formation on the stability of these films, we show how polymer-precursor mixtures provide optimum uniformity and very low surface roughness in amorphous V2O5 and also orthorhombic V2O5 after crystallization by heating. Pinhole and roughness instability formation during the liquid stage of the nanofluid on gold and ITO substrates is suppressed giving a uniform coating. Practically, understanding evolution pathways that involve dewetting processes, nucleation, decomposition, or hydrolysis in complex nanofluids provides a route for improved uniformity of thin films. The method could be extended to improve the consistency in sequential or iterative multilayer deposits of a range of liquid precursors for functional materials and coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm Glynn
- Department of Chemistry, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
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