1
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Huang Z. Chemical Patterning on Nanocarbons: Functionality Typewriting. Molecules 2023; 28:8104. [PMID: 38138593 PMCID: PMC10745949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocarbon materials have become extraordinarily compelling for their significant potential in the cutting-edge science and technology. These materials exhibit exceptional physicochemical properties due to their distinctive low-dimensional structures and tailored surface characteristics. An attractive direction at the forefront of this field involves the spatially resolved chemical functionalization of a diverse range of nanocarbons, encompassing carbon nanotubes, graphene, and a myriad of derivative structures. In tandem with the technological leaps in lithography, these endeavors have fostered the creation of a novel class of nanocarbon materials with finely tunable physical and chemical attributes, and programmable multi-functionalities, paving the way for new applications in fields such as nanoelectronics, sensing, photonics, and quantum technologies. Our review examines the swift and dynamic advancements in nanocarbon chemical patterning. Key breakthroughs and future opportunities are highlighted. This review not only provides an in-depth understanding of this fast-paced field but also helps to catalyze the rational design of advanced next-generation nanocarbon-based materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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2
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Jung J, Sodano HA. Cellulose nanocrystal functionalized aramid nanofiber reinforced epoxy nanocomposites with high strength and toughness. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:245703. [PMID: 36753754 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acba1b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites can be improved by incorporating various types of nanofillers. The hybridization of nanofillers through covalent linkages between nanofillers with different dimensions and morphology can further increase the properties of nanocomposites. In this work, aramid nanofibers (ANFs) are modified using chlorinated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and functionalized with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane to improve the chemical and mechanical interaction in an epoxy matrix. The integration of CNC functionalized ANFs (fACs) in the epoxy matrix simultaneously improves Young's modulus, tensile strength, fracture properties, and viscoelastic properties. The test results show that 1.5 wt% fAC reinforced epoxy nanocomposites improve Young's modulus and tensile strength by 15.1% and 10.1%, respectively, and also exhibit 2.5 times higher fracture toughness compared to the reference epoxy resin. Moreover, the glass transition temperature and storage modulus are found to increase when fACs are incorporated. Thus, this study demonstrates that the enhanced chemical and mechanical interaction by the CNC functionalization on the ANFs can further improve the static and dynamic mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Jung
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
- R&D Center, Hankook tire and technology Co., Ltd, Daejeon 34127, Republic of Korea
| | - Henry A Sodano
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
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3
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Tang Y, Cai T, Lin J, Zhang L. Precise Control over Positioning and Orientation of Nanorods in Block Copolymer Nanocomposites via Regulation of Coassembly Pathways. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tianyun Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liangshun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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4
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Fulmali AO, Ramamoorthy SK, Prusty RK. Water diffusion kinetics study at different hydrothermal bath temperatures and subsequent durability studies of
CNT
embedded fibrous polymeric composites: Roles of
CNT
content, functionalization and in‐situ testing temperature. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Omprakash Fulmali
- FRP Composites Laboratory, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department National Institute of Technology Rourkela India
| | | | - Rajesh Kumar Prusty
- FRP Composites Laboratory, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department National Institute of Technology Rourkela India
- Center for Nanomaterials National Institute of Technology Rourkela India
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5
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Sanka RVSP, Rana S, Singh P, Mishra AK, Kumar P, Singh M, Sahoo NG, Binder WH, Yun GJ, Park C. Self-healing nanocomposites via N-doped GO promoted "click chemistry". SOFT MATTER 2022; 19:98-105. [PMID: 36472188 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01423h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
N-doped graphene stabilized Cu(I)-catalyzed self-healing nanocomposites are developed. This study found the use of N-doped graphene as both a nanostructured material for enhancing mechanical and conductive properties and a catalyst promoter (a scaffold for catalytic copper(I) particles), helpful to trigger self-healing via "click chemistry". Due to an increase in electron density on nitrogen atom doping, including the coordination of N-doped rGO with Cu+ ions, nitrogen-doped graphene-supported copper particles demonstrate a higher reaction yield at room temperature without adding any external ligand/base. In this study, only one component (an azide moiety containing a healing agent) was encapsulated, whereas another component (an alkyne moiety containing a healing agent) was as such (without encapsulation) homogeneously dispersed in a matrix. Triggered capsule rupture then induces the contact of the healing agents with the N-doped graphene-based catalyst and the alkyne molecules dispersed in the matrix, inducing a "click"-reaction, allowing onsite damage to be repaired as determined by mechanical measurements entirely. Tensile measurements were also performed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to support the findings. Given the enormous importance of autonomic repair of materials damage, this concept here reports a trustworthy and reliable chemical system with a high level of robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Siva Prasanna Sanka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Sravendra Rana
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Poonam Singh
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Abhishek K Mishra
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Manjeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Nanda Gopal Sahoo
- Prof. Rajendra Singh Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, D. S. B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, Halle, 06120, Germany.
| | - Gun Jin Yun
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu Gwanak-ro 1, Seoul, 151-744, South Korea.
| | - Chanwook Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, IL, USA.
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6
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Lou C, Jiang S, Zhou Y, Gu X, Zhang Y, Kong X. Preparation and Curing Mechanism of Modified Corn Straw by 3-Glycidyl Ether Oxypropyl Trimethoxysilane/Epoxy Resin Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235233. [PMID: 36501623 PMCID: PMC9737919 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A modified corn straw (CS)/epoxy resin (EP) composite was prepared using bisphenol A EP (i.e., E-51) as matrix, 2-methylimidazole as curing agent, and CS modified by 3-glycidyl ether oxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KHCS) as filler. Its chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The dynamic thermodynamic properties, mechanical properties, flame retardant property, and fracture morphology were studied using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), a universal testing machine, a micro combustion calorimeter, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The effects of different contents of KHCS on various properties were discussed. The experimental result showed that the CS was bonded toKH560 by a covalent bond. The impact strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength of the composites were all improved compared with those of pure EP. When the content of KHCS was 15 wt%, the maximum impact strength of the composites was 3.31 kJ/m2, which was 1.43 times that of the pure EP. The p HRR and THR of MCSEC-20 were 512.44 W/g and 25.03 kJ/g, respectively, which were 40.71% and 27.76% lower than those of pure EP, when the content of KHCS was 20 wt%. Moreover, the mechanism of the curing composites was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Lou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
- Guilin Institute of Aerospace Technology, School of Energy and Building Environment, Guilin 541004, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (X.K.)
| | - Siyu Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yongli Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
- Zibo Luray Fine Chemical Co., Ltd., Zibo 255000, China
| | - Xiaohua Gu
- Guilin Institute of Aerospace Technology, School of Energy and Building Environment, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Xianzhi Kong
- Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (X.K.)
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7
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Demchuk Z, Zhu J, Li B, Zhao X, Islam NM, Bocharova V, Yang G, Zhou H, Jiang Y, Choi W, Advincula R, Cao PF. Unravelling the Influence of Surface Modification on the Ultimate Performance of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45775-45787. [PMID: 36170969 PMCID: PMC9562280 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The overall performance of polymer composites depends on not only the intrinsic properties of the polymer matrix and inorganic filler but also the quality of interfacial adhesion. Although many reported approaches have been focused on the chemical treatment for improving interfacial adhesion, the examination of ultimate mechanical performance and long-term properties of polymer composites has been rarely investigated. Herein, we report carbon fiber (CF)/epoxy composites with improved interfacial adhesion by covalent bonding between CFs and the epoxy matrix. This leads to the improved ultimate mechanical properties and enhanced thermal aging performance. Raman mapping demonstrates the formation of an interphase region derived from the covalent bonding between CFs and the epoxy matrix, which enables the uniform fiber distribution and eliminates phase separation during thermal cycling. The covalent attachment of the CF to the epoxy matrix suppresses its migration during temperature fluctuations, preserving the mechanical performance of resulting composites under the thermal aging process. Furthermore, the finite elemental analysis reveals the effectiveness of the chemical treatment of CFs in improving the interfacial strength and toughness of silane-treated CF/epoxy composites. The insight into the mechanical improvement of CF/epoxy composites suggests the high potential of surface modification of inorganic fillers toward polymer composites with tunable properties for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoriana Demchuk
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Jiadeng Zhu
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Bingrui Li
- The
Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Nurul Md. Islam
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Vera Bocharova
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Guang Yang
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Yijie Jiang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Wonbong Choi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Rigoberto Advincula
- Center
for Nanophase Materials and Sciences, Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Peng-Fei Cao
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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8
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De S, Nuli KC, Fulmali AO, Behera P, Prusty RK. Elevated‐temperature mechanical performance of
GFRP
composite with functionalized hybrid nanofiller. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soubhik De
- FRP Composites Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Krishna Chaitanya Nuli
- FRP Composites Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Abhinav Omprakash Fulmali
- FRP Composites Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Priyadarhi Behera
- Department of Mining & Materials Engineering McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Rajesh Kumar Prusty
- FRP Composites Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela Rourkela Odisha India
- Center for Nanomaterials National Institute of Technology, Rourkela Rourkela Odisha India
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9
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Diby ICP, Atheba PG, Kaliaguine S. Controlled Air Oxidation for Surface Functionalization of Pyrolytic Carbon Black. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor. C. P. Diby
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, 1065 Avenue of Medicine, Quebec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Patrick. G. Atheba
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Felix Houphouët Boigny University, Abidjan BP V34, Ivory Coast
| | - Serge. Kaliaguine
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, 1065 Avenue of Medicine, Quebec, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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10
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Prooxidant, antioxidant and biological activity of nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide, silver, copper and their combinations. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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Song Y, Ma Z, Zhang W. Manipulation of a Single Polymer Chain: From the Nanomechanical Properties to Dynamic Structure Evolution. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ziwen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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12
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Tamayo-Vegas S, Muhsan A, Liu C, Tarfaoui M, Lafdi K. The Effect of Agglomeration on the Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091842. [PMID: 35567011 PMCID: PMC9100549 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the effect of carbon nanotubes addition and agglomeration formation on the mechanical and electrical properties of CNT–polymer-based nanocomposites. Six specimens with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fractions of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 5% were manufactured and characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and four-probe method. The stress–strain curves and electrical conductivity properties were obtained. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize both agglomeration and porosity formation. By employing micromechanics, through representative volume element (RVE), finite element analysis (FEA) and resistor network model (RNM), the Young’s modulus and electrical conductivity values were calculated. The samples’ elastic moduli showed an increment, reaching the maximum value at a CNTs fraction of 2%, thereafter an adverse effect was caused in the high CNT percentage samples. The final electrical conductivity seemed greatly altered with the addition of CNTs, reaching the percolation threshold at 2%. The unavoidable formation of CNT agglomerates appeared to influence the final physical properties. The CNT agglomerates adversely affect the mechanical performance of high-CNT-percentage samples. Conversely, an exponential increment in the electrical conductivity was presented as the agglomerates formed networks allowing the transport of electrons through the tunnelling effect. These phenomena were experimentally and numerically confirmed, showing a good correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Tamayo-Vegas
- Department of Mechanical & Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0-770-973-1449
| | - Ali Muhsan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (A.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (A.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Mostapha Tarfaoui
- ENSTA Bretagne and Green Energy Park, IRDL-UMR CNRS 6027, F-29200 Brest, France;
| | - Khalid Lafdi
- Department of Mechanical & Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK;
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (A.M.); (C.L.)
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13
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Li C, Wei H, Zhan H, Bai J, Kou L, Gu Y. Tensile Performance of Polymer Nanocomposites with Randomly Dispersed Carbon Nanothreads. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Li
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Hanqing Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haifei Zhan
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Jingshuai Bai
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Liangzhi Kou
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Yuantong Gu
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
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14
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Wand CR, Gibbon S, Siperstein FR. Adsorption of Epoxy Oligomers on Iron Oxide Surfaces: The Importance of Surface Treatment and the Role of Entropy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12409-12418. [PMID: 34644491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy-based coatings are widely used in a range of industries as protective coatings. The performance of the final solid-polymer system is dependent on the physicochemical properties of the interface and the interaction between the polymer and the solid substrate. In this study, we perform atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the binding of a common component in epoxy resins, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), on two iron oxide surfaces, hematite (0001) and magnetite (100), and investigate the effect of surface hydroxylation on the binding energy. We show that adsorption of DGEBA on hematite is more favorable than on magnetite and that the adsorbed molecules are highly localized on the pristine hematite surface but mobile on highly hydroxylated hematite surfaces and magnetite surfaces irregardless of surface hydroxylation fraction. A high degree of hydroxylation significantly reduces the binding energy of DGEBA on hematite but not on magnetite. The free-energy calculations confirm the trends observed upon hydroxylation, but the magnitude of the potential of mean force is lower than the binding energy due to the entropic contributions. Therefore, it can be suggested that DGEBA will adsorb more strongly on a surface containing a higher content of hematite than magnetite and that the presence of hydroxyl groups will weaken this adsorption. The presence of hydroxyl groups increases mobility of the chains, which can affect the coating rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie R Wand
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Simon Gibbon
- AkzoNobel Research and Development, Northallerton, North Yorkshire DL7 7BJ, U.K
| | - Flor R Siperstein
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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15
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Zhang J, Wang D, Wang L, Zuo W, Ma X, Du S, Zhou L. Thermomechanical properties of silica–epoxy nanocomposite modified by hyperbranched polyester: A molecular dynamics simulation. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083211032383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this article, pure epoxy resin and silica–epoxy nanocomposite models were established to investigate the effects of hyperbranched polyester on microstructure and thermomechanical properties of epoxy resin through molecular dynamics simulation. Results revealed that the composite of silica can improve the thermomechanical properties of nanocomposites, including the glass transition temperature, thermal conductivity, and elastic modulus. Moreover, the thermomechanical properties were further enhanced through chemical modification on the silica surface, where the effectiveness was the best through grafting hyperbranched polyester on the silica surface. Compared with pure epoxy resin, the glass transition temperature of silica–epoxy composite modified by silica grafted with hyperbranched polyester increased by 38 K. The thermal conductivity increased with the increase of temperature and thermal conductivity at room temperature increased to 0.4171 W/(m·K)−1 with an increase ratio of 94.3%. Young’s modulus, volume modulus, and shear modulus all fluctuated as temperature rise with a down overall trend. They increased by 44.68%, 29.52%, and 36.65%, respectively, when compared with pure epoxy resin. At the same time, the thermomechanical properties were closely related to the microstructure such as fractional free volume (FFV), mean square displacement (MSD), and binding energy. Silica surface modification by grafting hyperbranched polyester reduced the FFV value and MSD value most and strengthened the combination of silica and epoxy resin matrix the best, resulting in the best thermomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Zhang
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lujia Wang
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Wanwan Zuo
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuai Du
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Wang Y, Chang Z, Gao K, Li Z, Hou G, Liu J, Zhang L. Designing high thermal conductivity of polydimethylsiloxane filled with hybrid h-BN/MoS2 via molecular dynamics simulation. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Due to the synergistic effect that occurs between CNTs and alumina, CNT/alumina hybrid-filled epoxy nanocomposites show significant enhancements in tensile properties, flexural properties, and thermal conductivity. This study is an extension of previously reported investigations into CNT/alumina epoxy nanocomposites. A series of epoxy composites with different CNT/alumina loadings were investigated with regard to their thermal-degradation kinetics and lifetime prediction. The thermal-degradation parameters were acquired via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in a nitrogen atmosphere. The degradation activation energy was determined using the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (F-W-O) method for the chosen apparent activation energy. The Ea showed significant differences at α > 0.6, which indicate the role played by the CNT/alumina hybrid filler loading in the degradation behavior. From the calculations, the lifetime prediction at 5% mass loss decreased with an increase in the temperature service of nitrogen. The increase in the CNT/alumina hybrid loading revealed its contribution towards thermal degradation and stability. On average, a higher Ea was attributed to greater loadings of the CNT/alumina hybrid in the composites.
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18
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Glova AD, Melnikova SD, Mercurieva AA, Larin SV, Nazarychev VM, Polotsky AA, Lyulin SV. Branched versus linear lactide chains for cellulose nanoparticle modification: an atomistic molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:457-469. [PMID: 33320128 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04556j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We studied the structure of brushes consisting of branched oligolactide (OLA) chains grafted onto the surface of cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) in polylactide (PLA) and compared the outcomes to the case of grafting linear OLA chains using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. The systems were considered in a melt state. The branched model OLA chains comprised one branching point and three branches, while the linear OLA chains examined had a molecular weight similar to the branched chains. It was shown that free branches of the branched OLA chains tend to fold back toward the CNPs due to dipole-dipole interactions within the grafted layer, in contrast to the well-established behavior of the grafted uncharged branched chains. This result, however, is in qualitative agreement with the conformational behavior known for linear OLA chains. At the same time, no significant difference in the effectiveness of covering the filler surface with grafted branched or linear OLA chains was found. In terms of the expelling ability of the grafted chains and the interaction between PLA and CNP or OLA, the linear chains were broadly similar (sparse grafting) or better (intermediate or dense grafting) compared to the branched ones. Thus, the grafted lactide chains with a linear architecture, rather than their branched counterpart, may be preferable for the covalent modification of cellulose nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artyom D Glova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoj pr. 31 (V.O.), St. Petersburg 199004, Russia.
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19
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Effect of MWCNT Surface Functionalisation and Distribution on Compressive Properties of Kenaf and Hybrid Kenaf/Glass Fibres Reinforced Polymer Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112522. [PMID: 33137952 PMCID: PMC7693924 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of surface treated multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on compressive properties of the unidirectional (UD) kenaf and hybrid woven glass/UD kenaf fibre reinforced polymer composites. The MWCNTs were first treated using concentrated acid (a mix of H2SO4 and HNO3) and silane (three-aminoprophyltriethoxysilane) in order to improve the dispersion within the epoxy matrix using a high shear roll milling technique. In this study, nanomodified epoxies were prepared using 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 wt % of pristine MWCNT (PCNT), acid treated MWCNT (ACNT) and silane treated MWCNT (SCNT). These nanomodified epoxies were then used for the fabrication of kenaf and hybrid composites using combination of filament winding and resin impregnation. The uniaxial compression test was conducted using a universal testing machine according to the ASTM D3410 standard. The morphology of fractured samples was observed and analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to evaluate the failure behaviour and mechanisms involved during compression. It was found that the addition of treated MWCNT (ACNT and SCNT) improved the compressive properties of kenaf and hybrid composites as compared to those of untreated-MWCNT (PCNT). The addition of 1.0 wt % of SCNT exhibited good compressive properties in both kenaf and hybrid composite systems. The compressive modulus and strength increased by 73.25% and 20.15%, respectively, for composites made of 1.0 wt % SCNT and Kenaf (1.0SCNT/K). For the hybrid composites, the compressive modulus and strength increased by 21.18% and 7.73% for composites made of 1.0 wt % SCNT filled G/K composites (1.0SCNT/G/K).
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20
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Enhanced self-healing performance of graphene oxide/vitrimer nanocomposites: A molecular dynamics simulations study. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Wang M, Zhang J, Zhou S, Yang Z, Zhang X. Glass transition behaviour of thin polymer films coated on the 3D networks of porous CNT sponges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21297-21306. [PMID: 32935675 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02983a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The glass transition behaviors of thin polymer films on the sidewalls of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in CNT sponges (CNTSs) were studied. Due to the extremely large surface area of CNTS, the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of thin polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films were measured using a routine experimental method, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We thus provide a direct Tg comparison between the thin film and the bulk sample using the same DSC technique. For thin polymer films on the CNT sidewalls, free surface and polymer-substrate interfacial interactions co-exist. It is well-known that polymer chains at the liquid-like free surface tend to have a relatively high mobility, but the mobility in the interfacial layer near the substrate depends strongly on the polymer-substrate interaction strength. Accordingly, we tuned the polymer-substrate interaction strength by introducing an amphiphilic sodiumdodecylsulfate (SDS) molecule layer on the CNT sidewalls. The value and sign of Tg deviation were influenced by the competition between the free surface effect and the interfacial interactions. Strong polymer-substrate interactions led to a decrease in the mobility of polymer chains near the substrate and weak polymer-substrate interactions have little influence on the mobility of polymer chains near the substrate. When the polymer-substrate interactions are strong, both the free surface effect and the polymer-substrate interaction are key factors influencing the glass transition temperature. For thin polymer films having weak interactions with substrates, the free surface effect dominates the glass transition behavior and Tgs shows a large reduction. We also observed a double Tg behavior in the thin PS film and found the thickness of the PS film on the substrate was a deciding factor for controlling the spatial variation of Tg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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22
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Effects of Different Grafting Density of Amino Silane Coupling Agents on Thermomechanical Properties of Cross-Linked Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081662. [PMID: 32722595 PMCID: PMC7463438 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to study the influences of amino silane coupling agents with different grafting densities on the surface of nano silica on the thermomechanical properties of cross-linked epoxy resin, the molecular dynamics method was used to establish an amorphous model and calculate the mechanical properties, glass transition temperature, mean square displacement, hydrogen bond, binding energy, and radial distribution function of the composite models in this paper. The results are as follows: with the increase of the grafting density of an amino silane coupling agent on the surface of nano silica particles, the mechanical properties and glass transition temperature of epoxy resin showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. When the grafting ratio was 9%, the mechanical properties and glass transition temperature of the epoxy resin were the largest, and the glass transition temperature was increased by 41 K. At the same time, it was found that the higher the grafting ratio, the lower the chain movement ability, but the higher the binding energy. Besides, the binding energy between the nanoparticles of the grafted silane coupling agent and epoxy resin was negatively correlated with the temperature. By analyzing the hydrogen bond and radial distribution function, the results showed that the improvement of the grafted silane coupling agent on the surface of the nanoparticle to the thermomechanical properties of the epoxy resin was related to the OH···O and NH···O hydrogen bonds. The analysis results indicated that the proper grafting density should be selected based on the established model size, selected nanoparticle diameter, and epoxy resin materials in order to better improve the thermomechanical properties of the epoxy resin.
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23
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Abd-Elnaiem AM, Hussein SI, Assaedi HS, Mebed AM. Fabrication and evaluation of structural, thermal, mechanical and optical behavior of epoxy–TEOS/MWCNTs composites for solar cell covering. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Marchewka J, Jeleń P, Długoń E, Sitarz M, Błażewicz M. Spectroscopic investigation of the carbon nanotubes and polysiloxane coatings on titanium surface. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Raimondo M, Naddeo C, Vertuccio L, Bonnaud L, Dubois P, Binder WH, Sorrentino A, Guadagno L. Multifunctionality of structural nanohybrids: the crucial role of carbon nanotube covalent and non-covalent functionalization in enabling high thermal, mechanical and self-healing performance. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:225708. [PMID: 32059201 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes new kinds of functionalization procedures able to preserve specific properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and to improve compatibility with the epoxy matrix. Through a covalent approach, for the first time, CNTs are functionalized with the same hardener agent, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, employed to solidify the epoxy matrix and capable to fulfill mechanical requirements of industrial structural resins. The same CNTs are non-covalently modified through the polymer wrapping mechanism with benzoxazine (Bz) terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The comparison between electrical and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites highlights the success of the non-covalent functionalization in determining an increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg) and in better preserving the unfunctionalized CNT electrical conductivity. Besides, tunneling atomic force microscopy (TUNA), powerful to catch ultra-low currents, has been used for revealing the morphology on nanoscale domains and detecting the conductivity on the same location of CNT/epoxy resins. No electrical contacts to the grounds have been used for the TUNA analysis; a procedure that does not alter the results on the interface domains which experience contact areas with strong differences in their properties. The effectiveness of performed CNT functionalizations as a route to impart self-healing efficiency to the resin formulations has also been proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuigia Raimondo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
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26
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Jung J, Sodano HA. High strength epoxy nanocomposites reinforced by epoxy functionalized aramid nanofibers. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Khare KS, Phelan FR. Integration of Atomistic Simulation with Experiment Using Time−Temperature Superposition for a Cross‐Linked Epoxy Network. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201900032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ketan S. Khare
- Materials Science and Engineering Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA
- Department of Physics Georgetown University Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Frederick R. Phelan
- Materials Science and Engineering Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA
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28
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Ghermezcheshme H, Makki H, Mohseni M, Ebrahimi M, de With G. MARTINI-based simulation method for step-growth polymerization and its analysis by size exclusion characterization: a case study of cross-linked polyurethane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21603-21614. [PMID: 31544200 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03407b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simulation studies of step-growth polymerization, e.g., polymerization of polyurethane systems, hold great promise due to having complete control over the reaction conditions and being able to perform an in-depth analysis of network structures. In this work, we developed a (completely automated) simulation method based on a coarse-grained (CG) methodology, i.e., the MARTINI model, to study the cross-linking reaction of a diol, a tri-isocyanate molecule and one-hydroxyl functional molecule to form a polyurethane network without and with dangling chains. This method is capable of simulating the cross-linking reactions not only up to very high conversions, but also under rather complicated reaction conditions, i.e., a non-stoichiometric ratio of the reactants, solvent evaporation and multi-step addition of the reactants. We introduced a novel network analysis, similar to size-exclusion chromatography based on graph theory, to study the growth of the network during the polymerization process. By combining the reaction simulations with these analysis methods, a set of correlations between the reaction conditions, reaction mechanisms and final network structure and properties is revealed. For instance, a two-step addition of materials for the reaction, i.e., first the dangling chain to the tri-isocyanate and then the diol, leads to the highest integrated network structure. We observed that different reaction conditions lead to different glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the network due to the distinct differences in the final network structures obtained. For example, by addition of dangling chains to the network, the Tg decreases as compared to the network without dangling chains, as also is commonly observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ghermezcheshme
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hesam Makki
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Mohseni
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Morteza Ebrahimi
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gijsbertus de With
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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29
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Barrios E, Fox D, Li Sip YY, Catarata R, Calderon JE, Azim N, Afrin S, Zhang Z, Zhai L. Nanomaterials in Advanced, High-Performance Aerogel Composites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E726. [PMID: 31010008 PMCID: PMC6523290 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerogels are one of the most interesting materials of the 21st century owing to their high porosity, low density, and large available surface area. Historically, aerogels have been used for highly efficient insulation and niche applications, such as interstellar particle capture. Recently, aerogels have made their way into the composite universe. By coupling nanomaterial with a variety of matrix materials, lightweight, high-performance composite aerogels have been developed for applications ranging from lithium-ion batteries to tissue engineering materials. In this paper, the current status of aerogel composites based on nanomaterials is reviewed and their application in environmental remediation, energy storage, controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosensing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Barrios
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - David Fox
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Yuen Yee Li Sip
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Ruginn Catarata
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Jean E Calderon
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Nilab Azim
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Sajia Afrin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Zeyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Lei Zhai
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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30
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Krishnamurthy A, Tao R, Senses E, Doshi SM, Burni FA, Natarajan B, Hunston D, Thostenson ET, Faraone A, Forster AL, Forster AM. Multiscale Polymer Dynamics in Hierarchical Carbon Nanotube Grafted Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2019; 1:10.1021/acsapm.9b00464. [PMID: 32166225 PMCID: PMC7067277 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.9b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) grafted glass fiber reinforced epoxy nanocomposites (GFRP) present a range of stiffnesses (MPa to GPa) and length scales (μm to nm) at the fiber-matrix interface. The contribution of functionalized CNT networks to the local and bulk polymer dynamics is studied here by using a combination of torsion dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), and neutron scattering (NS) measurements. DMTA measurements highlight a reduction in the storage modulus (G') in the rubbery region and an asymmetric broadening of the loss modulus (G″) peak in the α-transition region. NS measurements show a suppressed hydrogen mean-square displacement (MSD) in the presence of glass fibers but a higher hydrogen MSD after grafting functionalized CNTs onto fiber surfaces. PALS measurements show greater free volume characteristics in the presence of the functionalized CNT modified composites, supporting the view that these interface layers increase polymer mobility. While NS and DMTA are sensitive to different modes of chain dynamics, the localization of functionalized nanotubes at the fiber interface is found to affect the distribution of polymer relaxation modes without significantly altering the thermally activated relaxation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Krishnamurthy
- Theiss Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Erkan Senses
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sagar M. Doshi
- Center for Composite Materials and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Faraz Ahmed Burni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Bharath Natarajan
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Donald Hunston
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Erik T. Thostenson
- Center for Composite Materials and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Antonio Faraone
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Amanda L. Forster
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Aaron M. Forster
- Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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31
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Saiev S, Bonnaud L, Zúñiga C, Dubois P, Beljonne D, Ronda JC, Cadiz V, Lazzaroni R. Positive effect of functional side groups on the structure and properties of benzoxazine networks and nanocomposites. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00667b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Calculated glass transition temperature of the MDP-a resin obtained through tetra-functional and penta-functional polymerization paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamil Saiev
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- Materials Research Institute
- University of Mons – UMONS
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Leïla Bonnaud
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- Materia Nova Research Center & University of Mons
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Camilo Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- Materia Nova Research Center & University of Mons
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- Materia Nova Research Center & University of Mons
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- Materials Research Institute
- University of Mons – UMONS
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Juan Carlos Ronda
- Departament de Quimica Analitica i Quimica Organica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Virginia Cadiz
- Departament de Quimica Analitica i Quimica Organica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- Materials Research Institute
- University of Mons – UMONS
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
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32
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Roy S, Petrova RS, Mitra S. Effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) functionalization in Epoxy-CNT composites. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2018; 7:475-485. [PMID: 30637182 PMCID: PMC6326190 DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2018-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) functionalization in altering the properties of Epoxy-CNT composites is presented. The presence of functional groups effectively influenced the colloidal behavior of CNTs in the precursor epoxy resin and the hardener triethylenetetramine (TETA), which affected the synthesis process and eventually the interfacial interactions between the polymer matrix and the CNTs. The physical, thermal and electrical properties of the composites exhibited strong dependence on the nature of functionalization. At a 0.5 wt% CNTs loading, the enhancement in tensile strength was found to be 7.2, 11.2, 11.4 and 14.2 percent for raw CNTs, carboxylated CNTs, octadecyl amide functionalized CNTs and hydroxylated CNTs, respectively. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) also varied with the functionalization and composite prepared using hydroxylated CNTs showed the maximum enhancement of 34%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Roumiana S Petrova
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Somenath Mitra
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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33
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Zhang Q, Zhao X, Sui G, Yang X. Surface Sizing Treated MWCNTs and Its Effect on the Wettability, Interfacial Interaction and Flexural Properties of MWCNT/Epoxy Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8090680. [PMID: 30200354 PMCID: PMC6165148 DOI: 10.3390/nano8090680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A surface-sizing technique was offered to take full advantage of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and epoxy resins. Two surface-sizing treated MWCNTs were obtained through a ball-milling treatment of amino-functionalized MWCNTs (MWCNT-NH2) with n-butyl glycidylether (BuGE) and benzyl glycidylether (BeGE). These were referred to as MWCNT-BuGE and MWCNT-BeGE. The results indicated that the surface sizing effectively enhanced wettability, dispersibility of MWCNTs in the epoxy resin. These ameliorating effects, along with improved interfacial interaction between MWCNT-BeGE containing benzene rings and the epoxy matrix, which can offer a more efficient local load-transfer from matrix to MWCNTs, as observed by a higher G-band shift in Raman spectrum under bending loads than that of MWCNT-BuGE reinforced ones. Correspondingly, MWCNT-BeGE/epoxy nanocomposites exhibited increasing flexural strength and modulus of 22.9% and 37.8% respectively compared with the neat epoxy, and 7.3% and 7.7% respectively compared with MWCNT-BuGE/epoxy nanocomposites with the same MWCNT content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xinfu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Gang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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34
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Saiev S, Bonnaud L, Dumas L, Zhang T, Dubois P, Beljonne D, Lazzaroni R. Do Carbon Nanotubes Improve the Thermomechanical Properties of Benzoxazine Thermosets? ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:26669-26677. [PMID: 30028582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fillers are widely used to improve the thermomechanical response of polymer matrices, yet often in an unpredictable manner because the relationships between the mechanical properties of the composite material and the primary (chemical) structure of its molecular components have remained elusive so far. Here, we report on a combined theoretical and experimental study of the structural and thermomechanical properties of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced polybenzoxazine resins, as prepared from two monomers that only differ by the presence of two ethyl side groups. Remarkably, while addition of CNT is found to have no impact on the glass-transition temperature ( Tg) of the ethyl-decorated resin, the corresponding ethyl-free composite features a surge by ∼47 °C (50 °C) in Tg, from molecular dynamics simulations (dynamic mechanical analysis measurements), as compared to the neat resin. Through a detailed theoretical analysis, we propose a microscopic picture for the differences in the thermomechanical properties of the resins, which sheds light on the relative importance of network topology, cross-link and hydrogen-bond density, chain mobility, and free volume.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leïla Bonnaud
- Materia Nova R&D Center , Avenue Copernic 1, Parc Initialis , 7000 Mons , Belgium
| | | | | | - Philippe Dubois
- Materia Nova R&D Center , Avenue Copernic 1, Parc Initialis , 7000 Mons , Belgium
| | | | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Materia Nova R&D Center , Avenue Copernic 1, Parc Initialis , 7000 Mons , Belgium
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35
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Beneš H, Popelková D, Šturcová A, Popelka Š, Jůza J, Pop-Georgievski O, Konefał M, Hrubý M. Aqueous-Based Functionalizations of Titanate Nanotubes: A Straightforward Route to High-Performance Epoxy Composites with Interfacially Bonded Nanofillers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hynek Beneš
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Popelková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Šturcová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Popelka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Jůza
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ognen Pop-Georgievski
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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36
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Singh A, Kumar D. Effect of temperature on elastic properties of CNT-polyethylene nanocomposite and its interface using MD simulations. J Mol Model 2018; 24:178. [PMID: 29951941 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of temperature on the elastic modulus of carbon nanotube-polyethylene (CNT-PE) nanocomposite and its interface using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, by utilizing the second-generation polymer consistent force field (PCFF). Two CNTs-armchair and zigzag-were selected as reinforcing nano-fillers, and amorphous PE was used as the polymer matrix. For atomistic modelling of the nanocomposite, the commercially available code Materials Studio 8.0 was used and all other MD simulations were subsequently performed using the open source code Large-Scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS). To obtain the elastic modulus of the nanocomposite, stress-strain curves were drawn at different temperatures by performing uniaxial deformation tests on the nanocomposite material, whereas the curvatures of the interfacial interaction energy vs. strain curves were utilized to obtain Young's modulus of the interface. In addition, the glass transition temperatures of the polymer matrix and nanocomposites were also evaluated using density-temperature curves. Based on the results, it is concluded that, irrespective of temperature condition, a nanocomposite reinforced with CNT of larger chirality (i.e., armchair) yields a higher value of Young's modulus of the nanocomposite and its interface. It was also found that, at the phase transition (from a glassy to a rubbery state) temperature (i.e., glass transition temperature), Young's moduli of the polymer matrix, nanocomposite, and its interface drop suddenly. The results obtained from MD simulations were verified with results obtained from continuum-based rule-of-mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhileshwar Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, 302017, India.
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37
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Shen J, Li X, Zhang L, Lin X, Li H, Shen X, Ganesan V, Liu J. Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of Polymer-Grafted Nanorod Composites from Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Chemical and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University Nanhu College, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiangsong Lin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Haidong Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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38
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Khabaz F, Zhang Y, Xue L, Quitevis EL, Maginn EJ, Khare R. Temperature Dependence of Volumetric and Dynamic Properties of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2414-2424. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | | | | | - Edward J. Maginn
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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39
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Zhou K, Tang G, Gao R, Jiang S. In situ growth of 0D silica nanospheres on 2D molybdenum disulfide nanosheets: Towards reducing fire hazards of epoxy resin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:1078-1089. [PMID: 30216967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This report described a facile process for the preparation of 2D/0D MoS2-SiO2 hybrids using a simple in situ growth method, with the purpose of promoting the dispersion of MoS2 in polymer matrices and improving the properties of polymer materials. FTIR, XPS, TGA and TEM measurements were performed to characterize the structure and morphology of the synthesized hybrids which were then introduced into epoxy to reduce flammability. The hybrids dispersed well in the epoxy matrix. No obvious agglomerations were observed. In comparison with those of neat epoxy, the incorporation of a low loading of MoS2-SiO2 hybrids resulted in significant decrements in heat release rate, total heat release and volume of toxic effluents released during combustion, which indicated that the fire hazards of epoxy composites were strongly reduced. The good dispersion, labyrinth barrier effect and the catalytic effect of MoS2-SiO2 hybrids on char formation may contribute to the observed decrease in the flammability of epoxy resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqing Zhou
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, South China University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China
| | - Rui Gao
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Shudong Jiang
- Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, The Western Park of the Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, PR China
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40
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Beigmoradi R, Samimi A, Mohebbi-Kalhori D. Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:415-435. [PMID: 29515955 PMCID: PMC5815271 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The orientation and arrangement engineering of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in composite structures is considered a challenging issue. In this regard, two groups of in situ and ex situ techniques have been developed. In the first, the arrangement is achieved during CNT growth, while in the latter, the CNTs are initially grown in random orientation and the arrangement is then achieved during the device integration process. As the ex situ techniques are free from growth restrictions and more flexible in terms of controlling the alignment and sorting of the CNTs, they are considered by some as the preferred technique for engineering of oriented CNTs. This review focuses on recent progress in the improvement of the orientation and alignment of CNTs in composite materials. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of the processes are discussed as well as their future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Beigmoradi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, University Blvd., Zahedan 98167-45845, Iran
- Innovation Center for Membrane Technology (ICMT), University of Sistan and Baluchestan, University Blvd., Zahedan 98167-45639, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Samimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, University Blvd., Zahedan 98167-45845, Iran
- Innovation Center for Membrane Technology (ICMT), University of Sistan and Baluchestan, University Blvd., Zahedan 98167-45639, Iran
| | - Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, University Blvd., Zahedan 98167-45845, Iran
- Innovation Center for Membrane Technology (ICMT), University of Sistan and Baluchestan, University Blvd., Zahedan 98167-45639, Iran
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41
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Khare KS, Phelan FR. Quantitative Comparison of Atomistic Simulations with Experiment for a Cross-Linked Epoxy: A Specific Volume–Cooling Rate Analysis. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ketan S. Khare
- Department
of Physics, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
- Material
Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8542, United States
| | - Frederick R. Phelan
- Material
Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8542, United States
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42
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Billing BK, Dhar P, Singh N, Agnihotri PK. Augmenting static and dynamic mechanical strength of carbon nanotube/epoxy soft nanocomposites via modulation of purification and functionalization routes. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:291-300. [PMID: 29243760 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01768e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A detailed experimental investigation was carried out to establish the relationship between CNT purification and functionalization routes and the average response of CNT/epoxy nanocomposites under static and dynamic loading. It was shown that the relative improvement in the mechanical properties of the epoxy matrix due to the addition of CNTs depends on the choice of purification and functionalization steps. A better dispersion of CNTs was recorded for the functionalized CNTs as compared to the oxidized and CVD grown CNTs. Moreover, tensile, 3-point bending and nanoDMA testing performed on nanocomposites processed with CVD-grown, oxidized and functionalized CNTs revealed that COOH functionalization after the oxidation of CNTs at 350 °C is the optimized processing route to harness the excellent properties of CNTs in CNT/epoxy nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beant Kaur Billing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India.
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43
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Chen J, Liu B, Gao X, Xu D. A review of the interfacial characteristics of polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:28048-28085. [PMID: 35542749 PMCID: PMC9083916 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of recent advances in research on the interfacial characteristics of carbon nanotube–polymer nanocomposites. The state of knowledge about the chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes as well as the interaction at the interface between the carbon nanotube and the polymer matrix is presented. The primary focus of this paper is on identifying the fundamental relationship between nanocomposite properties and interfacial characteristics. The progress, remaining challenges, and future directions of research are discussed. The latest developments of both microscopy and scattering techniques are reviewed, and their respective strengths and limitations are briefly discussed. The main methods available for the chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes are summarized, and particular interest is given to evaluation of their advantages and disadvantages. The critical issues related to the interaction at the interface are discussed, and the important techniques for improving the properties of carbon nanotube–polymer nanocomposites are introduced. Additionally, the mechanism responsible for the interfacial interaction at the molecular level is briefly described. Furthermore, the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the nanocomposites are discussed separately, and their influencing factors are briefly introduced. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities for efficiently translating the remarkable properties of carbon nanotubes to polymer matrices are summarized in the hopes of facilitating the development of this emerging area. Potential topics of oncoming focus are highlighted, and several suggestions concerning future research needs are also presented. The state of research on the characteristics at the interface in polymer nanocomposites is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the recent advances in the fundamental relationship between interfacial characteristics and nanocomposite properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Chen
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo
- China
| | - Baofang Liu
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo
- China
| | - Xuhui Gao
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo
- China
| | - Deguang Xu
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo
- China
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44
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Zhao X, Li T, Huang L, Li B, Liu J, Gao Y, Zhang L. Uncovering the rupture mechanism of carbon nanotube filled cis-1,4-polybutadiene via molecular dynamics simulation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27786-27795. [PMID: 35542746 PMCID: PMC9083443 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04469d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, by employing molecular dynamics simulations in a united atomistic resolution, we explored the rupture mechanism of carbon nanotube (CNT) filled cis-1,4-polybutadiene (PB) nanocomposites. We observed that the rupture resistance capability increases with the interfacial interaction between PB and CNTs, as well as the loading of CNTs, attributed to the enhanced chain orientation along the deformed direction to sustain the external force, particularly those near voids. The number of voids is quantified as a function of the strain, exhibiting a non-monotonic behavior because of the coalescence of small voids into larger ones at high strain. However, the number of voids is greatly reduced by stronger PB–CNT interaction and higher loading of CNTs. During the rupture process, the maximum van der Waals energy change reflects the maximum conformational transition rate and the largest number of voids. Meanwhile, the strain at the maximum orientation degree of bonds is roughly consistent with that at the maximum square radius of gyration of chains. After the failure, the stress gradually decreases with the strain, accompanied by the contraction of the highly orientated polymer bundles. In particular, with weak interfacial interaction, the nucleation of voids occurs in the interface, and in the polymer matrix in the strong case. In general, this work could provide some fundamental understanding of the voids occurring in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), with the aim to design and fabricate high performance PNCs. In this work, by employing molecular dynamics simulations in a united atomistic resolution, we explored the rupture mechanism of carbon nanotube (CNT) filled cis-1,4-polybutadiene (PB) nanocomposites.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Bin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchial Fabrication
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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45
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Glova AD, Falkovich SG, Dmitrienko DI, Lyulin AV, Larin SV, Nazarychev VM, Karttunen M, Lyulin SV. Scale-Dependent Miscibility of Polylactide and Polyhydroxybutyrate: Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Artyom D. Glova
- Institute
of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoj
pr. V.O., 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stanislav G. Falkovich
- Institute
of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoj
pr. V.O., 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daniil I. Dmitrienko
- Faculty
of Physics, Saint-Petersburg University, Ulyanovskaya str. 1, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Lyulin
- Theory
of Polymers and Soft Matter Group, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sergey V. Larin
- Institute
of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoj
pr. V.O., 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victor M. Nazarychev
- Institute
of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoj
pr. V.O., 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikko Karttunen
- Institute
of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoj
pr. V.O., 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Applied Mathematics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Sergey V. Lyulin
- Institute
of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoj
pr. V.O., 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty
of Physics, Saint-Petersburg University, Ulyanovskaya str. 1, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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46
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Sharma S, Pujari P. Role of free volume characteristics of polymer matrix in bulk physical properties of polymer nanocomposites: A review of positron annihilation lifetime studies. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Molecular dynamics simulation of the glass transition temperature of fullerene filled cis-1,4-polybutadiene nanocomposites. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Saba N, Safwan A, Sanyang M, Mohammad F, Pervaiz M, Jawaid M, Alothman O, Sain M. Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:822-828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Li Z, Zhang B, Song Y, Xue Y, Wu L, Zhang W. Single Molecule Study on Polymer-Nanoparticle Interactions: The Particle Shape Matters. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:7615-7621. [PMID: 28719217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study on the nanoparticle-polymer interactions is very important for the design/preparation of high performance polymer nanocomposite. Here we present a method to quantify the polymer-particle interaction at single molecule level by using AFM-based single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS). As a proof-of-concept study, we choose poly-l-lysine (PLL) as the polymer and several different types of polyoxometalates (POM) as the model particles to construct several different polymer nanocomposites and to reveal the binding mode and quantify the binding strength in these systems. Our results reveal that the shape of the nanoparticle and the binding geometry in the composite have significantly influenced the binding strength of the PLL/POM complexes. Our dynamic force spectroscopy studies indicate that the disk-like geometry facilitate the unbinding of PLL/AlMo6 complexes in shearing mode, while the unzipping mode becomes dominate in spherical PLL-P8W48 system. We have also systematically investigated the effects of charge numbers, particle size, and ionic strength on the binding strength and binding mode of PLL/POM, respectively. Our results show that electrostatic interactions dominate the stability of PLL/POM complexes. These findings provide a way for tuning the mechanical properties of polyelectrolyte-nanoparticle composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yurui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
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50
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Li X, Ding Z, Zhang L, Tang R, He Y. Enhanced Performance of Lithium Sulfur Batteries with Sulfur Embedded in Sm 2 O 3 -Doped Carbon Aerogel as Cathode Material. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.04.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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