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Gismatulina YA, Budaeva VV. Cellulose Nitrates-Blended Composites from Bacterial and Plant-Based Celluloses. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1183. [PMID: 38732653 PMCID: PMC11085800 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nitrates (CNs)-blended composites based on celluloses of bacterial origin (bacterial cellulose (BC)) and plant origin (oat-hull cellulose (OHC)) were synthesized in this study for the first time. Novel CNs-blended composites made of bacterial and plant-based celluloses with different BC-to-OHC mass ratios of 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70 were developed and fully characterized, and two methods were employed to nitrate the initial BC and OHC, and the three cellulose blends: the first method involved the use of sulfuric-nitric mixed acids (MAs), while the second method utilized concentrated nitric acid in the presence of methylene chloride (NA + MC). The CNs obtained using these two nitration methods were found to differ between each other, most notably, in viscosity: the samples nitrated with NA + MC had an extremely high viscosity of 927 mPa·s through to the formation of an immobile transparent acetonogel. Irrespective of the nitration method, the CN from BC (CN BC) was found to exhibit a higher nitrogen content than the CN from OHC (CN OHC), 12.20-12.32% vs. 11.58-11.60%, respectively. For the starting BC itself, all the cellulose blends of the starting celluloses and their CNs were detected using the SEM technique to have a reticulate fiber nanostructure. The cellulose samples and their CNs were detected using the IR spectroscopy to have basic functional groups. TGA/DTA analyses of the starting cellulose samples and the CNs therefrom demonstrated that the synthesized CN samples were of high purity and had high specific heats of decomposition at 6.14-7.13 kJ/g, corroborating their energy density. The CN BC is an excellent component with in-demand energetic performance; in particular, it has a higher nitrogen content while having a stable nanostructure. The CN BC was discovered to have a positive impact on the stability, structure, and energetic characteristics of the composites. The presence of CN OHC can make CNs-blended composites cheaper. These new CNs-blended composites made of bacterial and plant celluloses are much-needed in advanced, high-performance energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A. Gismatulina
- Bioconversion Laboratory, Institute for Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCET SB RAS), Biysk 659322, Russia;
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Li Y, Li B. Biomass tannic acid modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles enhance desensitization and thermal stability of energetic materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129623. [PMID: 38266844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) had the potential to be a desensitizing material, but its inherent characteristics presented challenges for coating on energetic materials. To enhance the interfacial interactions of energetic materials and TiO2, the surface of TiO2 was modified with biomass tannic acid (TA) to prepare the core-shell (hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane) CL-20@TA-TiO2 energetic composites. Various characterization techniques were used to investigate the thermal performance, impact sensitivity, structure, and surface morphology of CL-20@TA-TiO2. The protective layer formed by the TA-TiO2 coating on the surface of CL-20, thus protecting the material from external stimulation. The results indicated that the organic-inorganic core-shell energetic composites prepared with biomass TA as the interface layer exhibited outstanding performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bindong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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3
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Liu W, Feng Y, Yao Y, Liang Z, Xiao F, Ma Z. In situ synthesis of [Cu(BODN)·5H 2O] n@nano-Al composite energetic films with tunable properties in pyro-MEMS. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4493-4503. [PMID: 37753862 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Integrating energetic materials with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to achieve miniaturized integrated smart energetic microchips has broad application prospects in miniaturized aerospace systems and civil explosive systems. In this work, MEMS compatible [Cu(BODN)·5H2O]n arrays and [Cu(BODN)·5H2O]n@nano-Al composite energetic films were successfully fabricated on copper substrates by the in situ reaction method and drop-coating method. Single crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analyses, and pulsed laser ignition were employed to characterize the prepared samples. The results show that [Cu(BODN)·5H2O]n arrays formed by the coordination reaction between the Cu(OH)2 template and the BODN ligand exhibit a porous supramolecular structure with excellent thermal and energy properties. Their morphology and composition on a copper substrate can be effectively regulated by adjusting the reaction time and solution concentration. In addition, adjustable energetic properties of [Cu(BODN)·5H2O]n@nano-Al composite films can be achieved after the encapsulation of nano-Al. Their heat release, flame height and ignition duration can reach as much as 1987.5 J g-1, 13.2 mm, and 5900 μs, respectively, indicating that [Cu(BODN)·5H2O]n@nano-Al can be used as an excellent pyrotechnic agent in MEMS ignition chips. Overall, this work provides a reference for the integration and application of energetic materials in MEMS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yongan Feng
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yapeng Yao
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zihang Liang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Fei Xiao
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Abdul-Rahman Owied O, Muslim Guda MA, Imad Taher H, Ali Abdulhussein MA. Plants anatomically engineered by nanomaterials. BIONATURA 2023; 8:1-11. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2023.08.02.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anatomical characteristics are essential in determining the stress that affects plants. In addition, they provided a piece of evidence for environmental pollution. The increasing use of nanomaterials (EnNos) in industries, medicine, agriculture, and all fields. Nanomaterials also have many uses as a new science; they have toxic effects that have not been studied well. Therefore, this research was interested in recording recent studies on (EnNos) and their impact on the anatomical characteristics of plants.
Moreover, the possibility of using anatomical characteristics as evidence of nano contamination (nanotoxicity) in plants comprises a crucial living component of the ecosystem. Studies on the effect of EnNos (carbon) on plant anatomy indicated that excess EnNos content affects the anatomical structure of the plant from the vital structures of the root, stem and leaves. Toxicological effect on xylem and phylum vessels from toxicological studies to date, Toxicological effects on EnNos of various kinds can be toxic if they are not bound to a substrate or freely circulating in living systems. Different types of EnNos, behavior, and plant capacity generate different paths. Moreover, different, or even conflicting, conclusions have been drawn from most studies on the interactions of EnNos with plants. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews studies on different types of carbon EnNos and their interactions with different plant species at the anatomical responses.
Keywords: Anatomical characteristics, nanomaterials, nanotoxicity, Fullerene and Carbon Nanotubes
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hawraa Imad Taher
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
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Gismatulina YA. Promising Energetic Polymers from Nanostructured Bacterial Cellulose. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092213. [PMID: 37177359 PMCID: PMC10180746 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the nitration of nanostructured bacterial cellulose (NBC). The NBC, obtained using symbiotic Medusomyces gisevii Sa-12 as the microbial producer and then freeze-dried, was nitrated herein by two methods, the first using mixed sulphuric-nitric acids (MA) and the second using concentrated nitric acid in the presence of methylene chloride (NA+MC). The synthesized samples of NBC nitrates (NBCNs) exhibited 11.77-12.27% nitrogen content, a viscosity of 1086 mPa·s or higher, 0.7-14.5% solubility in an alcohol-ester mixture, and 0.002% ash. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the nitration compacted the NBC structure, with the original reticulate pattern of the structure being preserved in full. Infrared spectroscopy for the presence of functional nitro groups at 1658-1659, 1280, 838-840, 749-751 and 693-694 cm-1 confirmed the synthesis of cellulose nitrates in particular. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses showed the resultant NBCNs to have a high purity and high specific heats of decomposition of 6.94-7.08 kJ/g. The NBCN samples differ conceptually from plant-based cellulose nitrates by having a viscosity above 1086 mPa·s and a unique 3D reticulate structure that is retained during the nitration. The findings suggest that the NBCNs can be considered for use in novel high-tech materials and science-driven fields distinct from the application fields of plant-based cellulose nitrates. The NBCN sample obtained with NA+MC has the ability to generate an organogel when it is dissolved in acetone. Because of the said property, this NBCN sample can find use as a classical adhesive scaffold and an energetic gel matrix for creating promising energetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Gismatulina
- Bioconversion Laboratory, Institute for Problems of Chemical and Energetic Technologies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCET SB RAS), Biysk 659322, Russia
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Jabraoui H, Estève A, Hong S, Rossi C. Initial stage of titanium oxidation in Ti/CuO thermites: a molecular dynamics study using ReaxFF forcefields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:11268-11277. [PMID: 37060120 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00032j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The paper elucidates the main driving mechanisms at play during the early stage of the Ti/CuO thermite reaction using reactive forcefields in the frame of molecular dynamics calculations. Results show that TiO preferentially forms in immediate contact to pure Ti at temperatures as low as 200 K rather than TiO2. Increasing the temperature to 700 K, the 2 nm TiO2 in contact to Ti is found to be homogeneously depleted from half of its oxygen atoms. Also, the first signs of CuO decomposition are observed at 600 K, in correlation with the impoverishment in oxygen atom reaching the titanium oxide layer immediately in contact to CuO. Further quantification of the oxygen and titanium mass transport at temperatures above 700 K suggests that mostly oxygen atoms migrate from and across the titanium oxide interfacial layer to further react with the metallic titanium fuel reservoir. This scenario is opposed to the one of the Al/CuO system, for which the mass transport is dominated by the Al fuel diffusion across alumina. Further comparison of both thermites sheds light on the enhanced reactivity of the Ti-based thermite, for which CuO decomposition is promoted at lower temperature, and offers a novel understanding of thermite initiation at large.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alain Estève
- LAAS-CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31077 Toulouse, France.
| | - Sungwook Hong
- Department of Physics and Engineering, California State University, Bakersfield, California 93311, USA
| | - Carole Rossi
- LAAS-CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31077 Toulouse, France.
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Ma X, Fei W, Zhang X, Ji J, Zhou X. Preparation of Mesoporous Si Nanoparticles by Magnesiothermic Reduction for the Enhanced Reactivity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073274. [PMID: 37050037 PMCID: PMC10096974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (M-Si) were successfully prepared by a magnesiothermic reduction of mesoporous silica nanoparticles, which were synthesized by a templated sol-gel method and used as the precursors. M-Si exhibited a uniform size distribution with an average diameter of about 160 nm. The measured BET surface area was 93.0 m2 g-1, and the average pore size calculated by the BJH method was 16 nm. The large internal surface area provides rich reaction sites, resulting in unique interfacial properties and reduced mass diffusion limitations. The mechanism of the magnesiothermic reduction process was discussed. The reactivity of prepared M-Si was compared with that of commercially available non-porous Si nanopowder (with the average diameter of about 30 nm) by performing simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry in the air. The results showed that the reaction onset temperature indicated by weight gain was advanced from 772 °C to 468 °C, indicating the promising potential of M-Si as fuel for metastable intermolecular composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Weiduo Fei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiandie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jie Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Zang X, Zhou X, Bian H, Jin W, Pan X, Jiang J, Koroleva MY, Shen R. Prediction and Construction of Energetic Materials Based on Machine Learning Methods. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010322. [PMID: 36615516 PMCID: PMC9821915 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Energetic materials (EMs) are the core materials of weapons and equipment. Achieving precise molecular design and efficient green synthesis of EMs has long been one of the primary concerns of researchers around the world. Traditionally, advanced materials were discovered through a trial-and-error processes, which required long research and development (R&D) cycles and high costs. In recent years, the machine learning (ML) method has matured into a tool that compliments and aids experimental studies for predicting and designing advanced EMs. This paper reviews the critical process of ML methods to discover and predict EMs, including data preparation, feature extraction, model construction, and model performance evaluation. The main ideas and basic steps of applying ML methods are analyzed and outlined. The state-of-the-art research about ML applications in property prediction and inverse material design of EMs is further summarized. Finally, the existing challenges and the strategies for coping with challenges in the further applications of the ML methods are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Haitao Bian
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Weiping Jin
- Jiangxi Xinyu Guoke Technology Co., Ltd., Xinyu 338018, China
| | - Xuhai Pan
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Juncheng Jiang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - M. Yu. Koroleva
- Institute of Modern Energetics and Nanomaterials, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Ruiqi Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Micro-Nano Energetic Devices Key Laboratory of MIIT, Nanjing 210094, China
- Institute of Space Propulsion, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Correspondence:
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Li J, Liu X, Xie Q, Jia Y, Sun J, Yao Y. Cryogel-Templated Fabrication of n-Al/PVDF Superhydrophobic Energetic Films with Exceptional Underwater Ignition Performance. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206911. [PMID: 36296502 PMCID: PMC9611366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The rapid heat loss and corrosion of nano-aluminum limits the energy performance of metastable intermolecular composites (MICs) in aquatic conditions. In this work, superhydrophobic n-Al/PVDF films were fabricated by the cryogel-templated method. The underwater ignition performance of the energetic films was investigated. The preparation process of energetic materials is relatively simple, and avoids excessively high temperatures, ensuring the safety of the entire experimental process. The surface of the n-Al/PVDF energetic film exhibits super-hydrophobicity. Because the aluminum nanoparticles are uniformly encased in the hydrophobic energetic binder, the film is more waterproof and anti-aging. Laser-induced underwater ignition experiments show that the superhydrophobic modification can effectively induce the ignition of energetic films underwater. The results suggest that the cryogel-templated method provides a feasible route for underwater applications of energetic materials, especially nanoenergetics-on-a-chip in underwater micro-scale energy-demanding systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xuwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18655488806
| | - Quanmin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yongsheng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jinshan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yingkang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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Yang L, Shao H, Hong F, Qi H, Xie Y, Yu W, Dong X, Li D, Ma Q, Liu G. Electrospun polyfunctional quasi-tricolor nanoribbon and array. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Chen X, Wang X, Geng Q, Wang N. 2D-WO 3/nAl Nanoenergetic Materials: Preparation and Energetic Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Chen
- The School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- The School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Qingxia Geng
- The School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Ni Wang
- The School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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Singh V, Julien B, Salvagnac L, Pelloquin S, Hungria T, Josse C, Belhaj M, Rossi C. Influence of process parameters on energetic properties of sputter-deposited Al/CuO reactive multilayers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:465704. [PMID: 35914514 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac85c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the effect of change of the sputtering power and the deposition pressure on the ignition and the combustion properties of Al/CuO reactive thin films. A reduced sputtering power of Al along with the deposition carried out at a higher-pressure result in a high-quality thin film showing a 200% improvement in the burn rate and a 50% drop in the ignition energy. This highlights the direct implication of the change of the process parameters on the responsivity and the reactivity of the reactive film while maintaining the Al and CuO thin-film integrity both crystallographically and chemically. Atomically resolved structural and chemical analyzes enabled us to qualitatively determine how the microstructural differences at the interface (thickness, stress level, delamination at high temperatures and intermixing) facilitate the Al and O migrations and impact the overall nano-thermite reactivity. We found that the deposition of CuO under low pressure produces well-defined and similar Al-CuO and CuO-Al interfaces with the least expected intermixing. Our investigations also showed that the magnitude of residual stress induced during the deposition plays a decisive role in influencing the overall nano-thermite reactivity. Higher is the magnitude of the tensile residual stress induced, stronger is the presence of gaseous oxygen at the interface. By contrast, high compressive interfacial stress aids in preserving the Al atoms for the main reaction while not getting expended in the interface thickening. Overall, this analysis helped in understanding the effect of change of deposition conditions on the reactivity of Al/CuO nanolaminates and several handles that may be pulled to optimize the process better by means of physical engineering of the interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidushi Singh
- LAAS-CNRS, University of Toulouse, 7 Avenue du colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Baptiste Julien
- LAAS-CNRS, University of Toulouse, 7 Avenue du colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Ludovic Salvagnac
- LAAS-CNRS, University of Toulouse, 7 Avenue du colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvain Pelloquin
- LAAS-CNRS, University of Toulouse, 7 Avenue du colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Teresa Hungria
- Centre de Micro Caractérisation Raymond Castaing (UMS 3623), 3 Rue Caroline Aigle, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Claudie Josse
- Centre de Micro Caractérisation Raymond Castaing (UMS 3623), 3 Rue Caroline Aigle, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Mohamed Belhaj
- ONERA-DPHY, 2 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Carole Rossi
- LAAS-CNRS, University of Toulouse, 7 Avenue du colonel Roche, F-31400 Toulouse, France
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Peptide Assembly of Al/CuO Nanothermite for Enhanced Reactivity of Nanoaluminum Particles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148054. [PMID: 35887400 PMCID: PMC9320105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological self-assembly procedures, which are generally carried out in an aqueous solution, have been found to be the most promising method for directing the fabrication of diverse nanothermites, including Al/CuO nanothermite. However, the aqueous environment in which Al nanoparticles self-assemble has an impact on their stability. We show that using a peptide to self-assemble Al or CuO nanoparticles considerably improves their durability in phosphate buffer aqueous solution, with Al and CuO nanoparticles remaining intact in aqueous solution for over 2 weeks with minimal changes in the structure. When peptide-assembled Al/CuO nanothermite was compared with a physically mixed sample in phosphate buffer for 30 min, the energy release of the former was higher by 26%. Furthermore, the energy release of peptide-assembled Al/CuO nanocomposite in phosphate buffer showed a 6% reduction by Day 7, while that of the peptide-assembled Al/CuO nanocomposite in ultrapure water was reduced by 75%. Taken together, our study provides an easy method for keeping the thermal activity of Al/CuO nanothermite assembled in aqueous solution.
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Chen X, Wang X, Geng Q. Perfluorosulfonic Acid Ionomer Based Reactive Materials: Preparation and Performance Evaluation. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Shi A, Zheng H, Chen Z, Zhang W, Zhou X, Rossi C, Shen R, Ye Y. Exploring the Interfacial Reaction of Nano Al/CuO Energetic Films through Thermal Analysis and Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113586. [PMID: 35684528 PMCID: PMC9181959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the interface layer on energy release in nanoenergetic composite films is important and challenging for the utilization of energy. Nano Al/CuO composite films with different modulation periods were prepared by magnetron sputtering and tested by differential scanning calorimetry. With the increase in the modulation period of the nano Al/CuO energetic composite films, the interface layer contained in the energetic composite film decreased meaningfully, increasing the total heat release meaningfully. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation were carried out to study the preparation process changes and related properties of the nano Al/CuO energetic composite films under different configurations at 400 K. The results showed that the diffusion of oxygen atoms first occurred at the upper and lower interfaces of CuO and Al, forming AlOx and CuxAlyOz. The two-modulation-period structure changed more obviously than the one-modulation-period structure, and the reaction was faster. The propagation rate and reaction duration of the front end of the diffusion reaction fronts at the upper and lower interfaces were different. The Helmholtz free energy loss of the nano Al/CuO composite films with a two-modulation-period configuration was large, and the number of interfacial layers had a great influence on the Helmholtz free energy, which was consistent with the results of the thermal analysis. Current molecular dynamics studies may provide new insights into the nature and characteristics of fast thermite reactions in atomic detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (A.S.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Micro-Nano Energetic Devices Key Laboratory of MIIT, Nanjing 210094, China
- Institute of Space Propulsion, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Han Zheng
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Institute of Materials Research (iMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (TSIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (A.S.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Micro-Nano Energetic Devices Key Laboratory of MIIT, Nanjing 210094, China
- Institute of Space Propulsion, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (A.S.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Micro-Nano Energetic Devices Key Laboratory of MIIT, Nanjing 210094, China
- Institute of Space Propulsion, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (R.S.)
| | - Xiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (A.S.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Carole Rossi
- LAAS-CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31077 Toulouse, France;
| | - Ruiqi Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (A.S.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Micro-Nano Energetic Devices Key Laboratory of MIIT, Nanjing 210094, China
- Institute of Space Propulsion, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (R.S.)
| | - Yinghua Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (A.S.); (Z.C.); (X.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Micro-Nano Energetic Devices Key Laboratory of MIIT, Nanjing 210094, China
- Institute of Space Propulsion, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Chen L, Ru C, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang H, Hu X, Li G. Progress in Electrohydrodynamic Atomization Preparation of Energetic Materials with Controlled Microstructures. Molecules 2022; 27:2374. [PMID: 35408765 PMCID: PMC9000604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Constructing ingenious microstructures, such as core-shell, laminate, microcapsule and porous microstructures, is an efficient strategy for tuning the combustion behaviors and thermal stability of energetic materials (EMs). Electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA), which includes electrospray and electrospinning, is a facile and versatile technique that can be used to process bulk materials into particles, fibers, films and three-dimensional (3D) structures with nanoscale feature sizes. However, the application of EHDA in preparing EMs is still in its initial development. This review summarizes the progress of research on EMs prepared by EHDA over the last decade. The morphology and internal structure of the produced materials can be easily altered by varying the operation and precursor parameters. The prepared EMs composed of zero-dimensional (0D) particles, one-dimensional (1D) fibers and two-dimensional (2D) films possess precise microstructures with large surface areas, uniformly dispersed components and narrow size distributions and show superior energy release rates and combustion performances. We also explore the reasons why the fabrication of 3D EM structures by EHDA is still lacking. Finally, we discuss development challenges that impede this field from moving out of the laboratory and into practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Chen
- Fire & Explosion Protection Laboratory, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (L.C.); (G.L.)
- College of Forensic Science, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110035, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Impression Evidence Examination and Identification Technology, Ministry of Public Security, Shenyang 110035, China
| | - Chengbo Ru
- College of Forensic Science, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110035, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Impression Evidence Examination and Identification Technology, Ministry of Public Security, Shenyang 110035, China
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- College of Forensic Science, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110035, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Impression Evidence Examination and Identification Technology, Ministry of Public Security, Shenyang 110035, China
| | - Yanchun Zhang
- College of Forensic Science, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang 110035, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Impression Evidence Examination and Identification Technology, Ministry of Public Security, Shenyang 110035, China
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Graduate School, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China;
| | - Xiuli Hu
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China;
| | - Gang Li
- Fire & Explosion Protection Laboratory, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China; (L.C.); (G.L.)
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Mei H, Xu Y, Lei G, Cao W, Li Z, Zhang J. Synthesis, structure and properties of a high-energy metal–organic framework fuel [Cu(MTZ) 2(CTB) 2] n. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05710c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel high-energy metal–organic framework (MOF, [Cu(MTZ)2(CTB)2]n) was constructed based on the nitrogen-rich cyanotetrazolylborohydride (CTB) and 1-methyltriazole (MTZ) ligands, with Cu2+ as the autocatalytic metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Guorong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
- Explosion Protection and Emergency Disposal Technology Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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A Benchmark Study of Burning Rate of Selected Thermites through an Original Gasless Theoretical Model. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11146553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a kinetic model dedicated to thermite nanopowder combustion, in which core equations are based on condensed phase mechanisms only. We explore all combinations of fuels/oxidizers, namely Al, Zr, B/CuO, Fe2O3, WO3, and Pb3O4, with 60 % of the theoretical maximum density packing, at which condensed phase mechanisms govern the reaction. Aluminothermites offer the best performances, with initiation delays in the range of a few tens of microseconds, and faster burn rates (60 cm s−1 for CuO). B and Zr based thermites are primarily limited by diffusion characteristics in their oxides that are more stringent than the common Al2O3 barrier layer. Combination of a poor thermal conductivity and efficient oxygen diffusion towards the fuel allows rapid initiation, while thermal conductivity is essential to increase the burn rate, as evidenced from iron oxide giving the fastest burn rates of all B- and Zr-based thermites (16 and 32 cm·s−1, respectively) despite poor mass transport properties in the condensed phase; almost at the level of Al/CuO (41 versus 61 cm·s−1). Finally, formulations of the effective thermal conduction coefficient are provided, from pure bulk, to nanoparticular structured material, giving light to the effects of the microstructure and its size distribution on thermite performances.
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Chen L, Cao X, Gao J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, He W. Synthesis of 3D Porous Network Nanostructure of Nitrated Bacterial Cellulose Gel with Eminent Heat‐Release, Thermal Decomposition Behaviour and Mechanism. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 P.R. China
| | - Xinfu Cao
- Inner Mongolia Synthetic Chemical Engineering Institute Huhhot 010010 P.R. China
| | - Jianbing Gao
- Inner Mongolia Synthetic Chemical Engineering Institute Huhhot 010010 P.R. China
| | - Yingbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 P.R. China
| | - Weidong He
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 P.R. China
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20
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Chen L, Liu S, Cao X, Gao J, Wang Y, Qin Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Jin G, Wang M, Liu J, He W. Fabrication of nitrocellulose‐based nanoenergetic composites, study on its structure, thermal decomposition kinetics, mechanism, and sensitivity. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Shishuo Liu
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xinfu Cao
- Inner Mongolia Synthetic Chemical and Engineering Institute Huhhot 010010 China
| | - Jianbing Gao
- Inner Mongolia Synthetic Chemical and Engineering Institute Huhhot 010010 China
| | - Yingbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Yang Qin
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Yang Zhang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Guorui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Moru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Jie Liu
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Weidong He
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Nanjing 210094 China
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21
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Li S, Guo T, Yao M, Song J, Ding W, Mao Y, Chen J. Effect of Bismuth Oxide Particles Size on the Thermal Excitation and Combustion Properties of Thermite Systems. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:464-470. [PMID: 33830676 PMCID: PMC8028500 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of Bi2 O3 particles size at the sub-micron scale on the thermal excitation threshold and combustion performance of nano-thermite systems was investigated. Three formulas were designed and prepared, Al(100 nm)/Bi2 O3 (170 nm), Al(100 nm)/Bi2 O3 (370 nm) and Al(100 nm)/Bi2 O3 (740 nm). The samples were characterized and tested by SEM, XRD, and DSC techniques. Electrical ignition and combustion experiments were performed. The results showed that with the increase of the particle size of Bi2 O3 , in the case of slow linear heating, the exothermic heat decreased (1051.2 J g-1 , 527.3 J g-1 and 243.6 J g-1 ) and the thermal excitation threshold temperature increased (564.52 °C, 658.1 °C and 810.9 °C). Simultaneously, the state of the thermite reaction correspondingly changed to solid-solid, liquid-solid and liquid-liquid thermite reaction. In the case of rapid heating , the increase in particle size increased the excitation current (0.561A, 0.710A and 0.837A). During the combustion process, the thermite system with the smallest Bi2 O3 particle size showed the largest combustion rate, and that with the largest particle size had the longest combustion duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Li
- College of Field EngineeringArmy Engineering University of PLANanjing210007China
| | - Tao Guo
- College of Field EngineeringArmy Engineering University of PLANanjing210007China
| | - Miao Yao
- College of Field EngineeringArmy Engineering University of PLANanjing210007China
| | - Jiaxing Song
- College of Field EngineeringArmy Engineering University of PLANanjing210007China
| | - Wen Ding
- College of Field EngineeringArmy Engineering University of PLANanjing210007China
| | - Yiming Mao
- College of Field EngineeringArmy Engineering University of PLANanjing210007China
| | - Jialin Chen
- College of Field EngineeringArmy Engineering University of PLANanjing210007China
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22
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Agarwal PPK, Jensen D, Chen CH, Rioux RM, Matsoukas T. Surface-Functionalized Boron Nanoparticles with Reduced Oxide Content by Nonthermal Plasma Processing for Nanoenergetic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6844-6853. [PMID: 33512149 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of an in situ nonthermal plasma technology improved the oxidation and energy release of boron nanoparticles. We reduced the native oxide layer on the surface of boron nanoparticles (70 nm) by treatment in a nonthermal hydrogen plasma, followed by the formation of a passivation barrier by argon plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using perfluorodecalin (C10F18). Both processes occur near room temperature, thus avoiding aggregation and sintering of the nanoparticles. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), high-angular annular dark-field imaging (HAADF)-scanning TEM (STEM)-energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated a significant reduction in surface oxide concentration due to hydrogen plasma treatment and the formation of a 2.5 nm thick passivation coating on the surface due to PECVD treatment. These results correlated with the thermal analysis results, which demonstrated a 19% increase in energy release and an increase in metallic boron content after 120 min of hydrogen plasma treatment and 15 min of PECVD of perfluorodecalin. The PECVD coating provided excellent passivation against air and humidity for 60 days. We conclude in situ nonthermal plasma reduction and passivation lead to the amelioration of energy release characteristics and the storage life of boron nanoparticles, benefits conducive for nanoenergetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawal P K Agarwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Devon Jensen
- Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc., Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17601, United States
| | - Chien-Hua Chen
- Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc., Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17601, United States
| | - Robert M Rioux
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Themis Matsoukas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Xiao L, Zhao L, Ke X, Zhang T, Hao G, Hu Y, Zhang G, Guo H, Jiang W. Energetic metastable Al/CuO/PVDF/RDX microspheres with enhanced combustion performance. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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How Thermal Aging Affects Ignition and Combustion Properties of Reactive Al/CuO Nanolaminates: A Joint Theoretical/Experimental Study. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10102087. [PMID: 33096914 PMCID: PMC7589912 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The paper reports a joint experimental/theoretical study on the aging of reactive Al/CuO nanolaminates, investigating both structural modifications and combustion properties of aged systems. We first show theoretically that the long-term storage (over several decades) in ambient temperature marginally affects nanolaminates structural properties with an increase in an interfacial layer of only 0.3 nm after 30 years. Then, we observe that the first thermal aging step occurs after 14 days at 200 °C, which corresponds to the replacement of the natural Al/CuO interfaces by a proper ~11 nm thick amorphous alumina. We show that this aging step does impact the nanolaminates structure, leading, for thin bilayer thicknesses, to a substantial loss of the energetic reservoir: considering a stoichiometric Al/CuO stack, the heat of reaction can be reduced by 6–40% depending on the bilayer thickness ranging from 150 nm (40%) to 1 µm (6%). The impact of such thermal aging (14 days at 200 °C) and interfacial modification on the initiation and combustion properties have been evaluated experimentally and theoretically. Varying Al to CuO ratio of nanolaminates from 1 to 3, we show that ignition time of aged systems does not increase over 10% at initiation power densities superior to 15 W·mm−2. In contrast, burn rate can be greatly impacted depending on the bilayer thickness: annealing a stoichiometric nanolaminates with a bilayer thickness of 300 nm at 200 °C for 14 days lowers its burn rate by ~25%, whereas annealing a fuel rich nanolaminates with the same bilayer thickness under the same thermal conditions leads to a burn rate decrease of 20%. When bilayer thickness is greater than 500 nm, the burn rate is not really affected by the thermal aging. Finally, this paper also proposes a time–temperature diagram to perform accelerated thermal aging.
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Kabra S, Gharde S, Gore PM, Jain S, Khire VH, Kandasubramanian B. Recent trends in nanothermites: Fabrication, characteristics and applications. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abbce7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Energetic materials (EMs) are a group of distinctive materials that release an enormous amount of amassed chemical energy in a short time when incited by external mechanical or thermal factors. They comprise of propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics. Unlike conventional micro-energetic materials, nano energetic materials (nEMs), due to their smaller particle size ranging from 1–100 nm, exhibit higher specific surface area (~10–50 m2 g−1), reduced ignition temperatures from 2350 K to approx.1000 K for particle size from 100 μm to 100 nm respectively, higher energy densities (up to 50 MJ kg−1), burning rates ~30.48 mm s−1 at 6.894 kPa with specific impulses up to 542 s (5320 m s−1), low impact sensitivity (<4–35 J). Such exceptional properties of nano energetic composites, i.e., thermites (a combination of metal-fuel/metal oxide particles), find applications, namely in, munitions, pyrotechnics, energetic micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) chips. This review provides valuable insight into the synthesis methods of nano energetic composite systems (e.g., Al/CuO, Al/KMnO4, Al/Fe2O3, Al/SnO2, Silicon-based systems), their characteristic properties, behavior under certain conditions and applications. Furthermore, the review converses about the advancements made in the last few decades by many researchers, along with the technological gaps that need to be addressed for futuristic applications.
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26
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Kim DW, Kim KT, Lee DU, Jung SH, Yu J. Synergetic enhancement in the reactivity and stability of surface-oxide-free fine Al particles covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene nanolayer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14560. [PMID: 32883998 PMCID: PMC7471686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface oxide (Al2O3) of reactive fine aluminum (Al) particles for solid fuels, propellants, and brazing materials often restricted oxidative performance, though the passivation film acts to protect Al particles from exploding. Here, we report fine Al particles fully covered with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer instead of an Al2O3 film on the surface. This advance is based on the introduction of strong Al–F bonds, known to be an alternative to the Al–O bonds of surface oxides. The DSC results on the PTFE-coated Al particles exhibit higher reactive-exothermic enthalpy energy (12.26 kJ g−1) than 4.85 kJ g−1 by uncoated Al particles. The artificial aging test of the PTFE layer on the Al particles show long-time stability to the external circumstance compared to those by Al2O3. The activation energy for oxidation was investigated from cyclic voltammetry assessment and the measured peak potentials of the anode curve for PTFE/Al (− 0.45 V) and uncoated Al (− 0.39 V) are achieved, respectively. This means that the PTFE layer is more stable against a sudden explosion of Al particles compared to Al2O3. These results are very useful given its capability to control both the reactivity and stability levels during the oxidation of Al particles for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Won Kim
- 3D Printing Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondaero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Tae Kim
- 3D Printing Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondaero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51508, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Uk Lee
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongsoro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ho Jung
- 3D Printing Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondaero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Yu
- 3D Printing Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondaero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51508, Republic of Korea
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Ma X, Li Y, Hussain I, Shen R, Yang G, Zhang K. Core-Shell Structured Nanoenergetic Materials: Preparation and Fundamental Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001291. [PMID: 32557860 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Energetic materials, including explosives, pyrotechnics, and propellants, are widely used in mining, demolition, automobile airbags, fireworks, ordnance, and space technology. Nanoenergetic materials (nEMs) have a high reaction rate and high energy density, which are both adjustable to a large extent. Structural control over nEMs to achieve improved performance and multifunctionality leads to a fascinating research area, namely, nanostructured energetic materials. Among them, core-shell structured nEMs have gained considerable attention due to their improved material properties and combined multiple functionalities. Various nEMs with core-shell structures have been developed through diverse synthesis routes, among which core-shell structured nEMs associated with explosives and metastable intermolecular composites (MICs) are extensively studied due to their good tunability and wide applications, as well as excellent energetic (e.g., enhanced heat release and combustion) and/or mechanical properties. Herein, the preparation methods and fundamental properties of the abovementioned kinds of core-shell structured nEMs are summarized and the reasons behind the satisfactory performance clarified, based on which suggestions regarding possible future research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Ruiqi Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Guangcheng Yang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
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Kim H, Cha JK, Kim J, Kim SH. Highly Flexible and Patternable Multiwalled-Carbon Nanotube/Nitrocellulose Hybrid Conducting Paper Electrodes as Heating Platforms for Effective Ignition of Nanoenergetic Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28586-28595. [PMID: 32469501 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a highly flexible, patternable multiwalled-carbon nanotube (MWCNT) paper electrode was specially designed and fabricated. The addition of a nitrocellulose (NC) polymer binder at less than the critical amount (≤2 wt %) was found to be effective for maintaining both the flexibility and electrical conductance of the resulting MWCNT paper electrode. The fabricated MWCNT paper electrode was then employed as a heating platform to ignite Al/CuO nanoparticle-based nanoenergetic materials (nEMs). The nEM layer was drop-cast on the surface of the MWCNT paper electrode with specially patterned shapes using a plotter, and its ignition was evaluated by applying various voltages through the MWCNT paper electrode. To increase the adhesion between the nEM layer and MWCNT paper electrode and to decrease the sparking sensitivity of the nEM layer, it was essential to incorporate NC in the nEM matrix. However, the combustion and explosion properties of nEM layers deteriorated with the addition of NC, enabling the estimation of the optimum amount of NC to be incorporated. The fabricated igniter can be employed in various thermal engineering applications, such as in the ignition of explosives and propellants, and in pyrotechnics. To demonstrate this, a compact, flexible, and patternable igniter composed of the NC/nEM layer (NC/nEM = 2:8 wt %) on an MWCNT paper electrode was used to successfully ignite solid propellants for launching a small rocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- HoSung Kim
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Keun Cha
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - JiHoon Kim
- Research Center for Energy Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyung Kim
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Energy Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Yu C, Ren W, Wu G, Zhang W, Hu B, Ni D, Zheng Z, Ma K, Ye J, Zhu C. A Facile Preparation and Energetic Characteristics of the Core/Shell CoFe 2O 4/Al Nanowires Thermite Film. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E516. [PMID: 32443658 PMCID: PMC7281481 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, CoFe2O4 is selected for the first time to synthesize CoFe2O4/Al nanothermite films via an integration of nano-Al with CoFe2O4 nanowires (NWs), which can be prepared through a facile hydrothermal-annealing route. The resulting nanothermite film demonstrates a homogeneous structure and an intense contact between the Al and CoFe2O4 NWs at the nanoscale. In addition, both thermal analysis and laser ignition test reveal the superb energetic performances of the prepared CoFe2O4/Al NWs nanothermite film. Within different thicknesses of nano-Al for the CoFe2O4/Al NWs nanothermite films investigated here, the maximum heat output has reached as great as 2100 J·g-1 at the optimal thickness of 400 nm for deposited Al. Moreover, the fabrication strategy for CoFe2O4/Al NWs is also easy and suitable for diverse thermite systems based upon other composite metal oxides, such as MnCo2O4 and NiCo2O4. Importantly, this method has the featured advantages of simple operation and compatibility with microsystems, both of which may further facilitate potential applications for functional energetic chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpei Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (C.Y.); (G.W.); (B.H.); (Z.Z.); (K.M.); (J.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Wei Ren
- Shaanxi Applied Physics and Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710061, China;
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Ganggang Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (C.Y.); (G.W.); (B.H.); (Z.Z.); (K.M.); (J.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (C.Y.); (G.W.); (B.H.); (Z.Z.); (K.M.); (J.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (C.Y.); (G.W.); (B.H.); (Z.Z.); (K.M.); (J.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Debin Ni
- Shaanxi Applied Physics and Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Zilong Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (C.Y.); (G.W.); (B.H.); (Z.Z.); (K.M.); (J.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Kefeng Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (C.Y.); (G.W.); (B.H.); (Z.Z.); (K.M.); (J.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Jiahai Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (C.Y.); (G.W.); (B.H.); (Z.Z.); (K.M.); (J.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chenguang Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (C.Y.); (G.W.); (B.H.); (Z.Z.); (K.M.); (J.Y.); (C.Z.)
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Dai J, Wang C, Wang Y, Xu W, Xu J, Shen Y, Zhang W, Ye Y, Shen R. From nanoparticles to on-chip 3D nanothermite: electrospray deposition of reactive Al/CuO@NC onto semiconductor bridge and its application for rapid ignition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:195712. [PMID: 31978923 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab6fd8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanothermites composed of nano-fuels and oxidants are attractive energetic materials, which have potential applications in microscale energy-demanding systems. Herein, nano-Al/CuO with nitrocellulose (NC) binder have been bottom-up assembled on semiconductor bridge (SCB) chip by electrospray, from nanoparticles to three-dimensional (3D) deposited structure. The morphological and compositional characterization confirms the constituents in Al/CuO@NC are homogeneously mixed at nano scale and the 3D structure at micro scale is tunable. The as-deposited Al/CuO@NC exhibits excellent energy output and superior chemical reactivity. Specifically, the heat release of Al/CuO@NC (1179.5 J g-1) is higher than that of random mixed Al/CuO (730.9 J g-1). Benefiting from outstanding exothermic properties, the material integrated with SCB initiator chip (Al/CuO@NC-SCB) for potential ignition application was investigated. The Al/CuO@NC-SCB micro energetic initiator can be functioned rapidly (with delay time of 2.8 μs) and exhibits superb ignition performances with violent explosion process, high combustion temperature (4636 °C) and successful ignition of B/KNO3 propellant, in comparison to SCB initiator. The strategy provides promising route to introduce nano reactive particles into various functional energy-demanding systems for potential energetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Dai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China. Institute of Chemical Materials, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, People's Republic of China
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31
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Effects of metal oxide nanoparticles on combustion and gas-generating performance of NaN3/Al composite powders ignited using a microhotplate platform. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Abd-Elsalam KA, Kasem K, Almoammar H. Carbon nanomaterials (CNTs) phytotoxicity: Quo vadis? CARBON NANOMATERIALS FOR AGRI-FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS 2020:557-581. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819786-8.00024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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33
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Ke X, Gou B, Liu X, Wang N, Hao G, Xiao L, Zhou X, Jiang W. Tuning the Reactivity of Al/NiO@C Nanoenergetic Materials through Building an Interfacial Carbon Barrier Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:35394-35403. [PMID: 31474107 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the crucial role of the interface layer in tuning the reactivity of nanoenergetic materials (nEMs), in this study, we report a new method to tune the energetic performances of Al/NiO@C nEMs by designing the interfacial barrier layer between the fuel and oxidizer. The carbon shell in special core-shell NiO@C nanorods derived from nickel-based metal-organic frameworks functions as a homogeneous interfacial diffusion-resistant layer between Al and NiO nanoparticles. Under the guidance of experimental time-resolved oxidation curves and theoretical simulation results, the carbon content can be easily controlled, thereby achieving the goal of tuning energetic performances. It is found that the chemical nature of the carbon barrier layer rather than its content provides the resistance against interdiffusion of Al and O atoms in the solid-state reaction, thus leading to a higher reaction onset temperature. The importance of the interfacial layer on the thermal properties of nEMs is also emphasized when compared with physically mixed ones. Combustion tests reveal that both interfacial resistance and gas generation play roles in tuning the combustion propagation, flame temperature, ignition delay time, and pressurization rate. These results indicate the promising potential of pre-engineered interfacial structure for targeted reactivity of carbon-based nEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ke
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Bingwang Gou
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Xiaolian Liu
- Safety Technology Research Institute of Ordnance Industry , Beijing 100053 , China
| | - Ning Wang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Gazi Hao
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Lei Xiao
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Wei Jiang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
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Guo W, Chang S, Cao J, Wu L, Shen R, Ye Y. Precisely Controlled Reactive Multilayer Films with Excellent Energy Release Property for Laser-Induced Ignition. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:301. [PMID: 31468257 PMCID: PMC6715763 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three types of reactive multilayer films (RMFs) were integrated to the energetic flyer plates (EFPs) by depositing TiO2, MnO2, and CuO onto aluminum films with different modulation periods using magnetron sputtering technology in this study. The effects of the laser ignition property and laser reflectivity on the RMFs and the thermal behavior of the RMFs were analyzed and compared with those of a single-layer Al film. A high-speed video, photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV), and a thermal analysis were utilized to characterize the flame morphology, EFP velocity, and chemical thermal behavior, respectively. The surface reflectivities of the TiO2/Al, MnO2/Al, and CuO/Al layers were measured using laser reflectivity spectrometers. The results showed that RMFs with smaller modulation periods exhibited excellent laser ignition performances, and EFP with MnO2/Al had the best performance. These RMFs achieved flame durations of 120-220 μs, maximum flame areas of 7.523-11.476 mm2, and reaction areas of 0.153-0.434 mm2 (laser-induced with 32.20 J/cm2). Flyer velocities of 3972-5522 m/s were obtained in the EFPs by changing the material and modulation period of the RMFs. Furthermore, the rate of the chemical reaction and laser energy utilization were also enhanced by reducing the modulation period and using different material. This behavior was consistent with a one-dimensional nanosecond-laser-induced plasma model. The RMFs of MnO2/Al exhibited the highest level of energy release and promoted laser energy utilization, which could better improve the performance of laser ignition for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 China
| | - Shimin Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 China
| | - Jinle Cao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 China
| | - Lizhi Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 China
| | - Ruiqi Shen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 China
| | - Yinghua Ye
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 China
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35
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Muravyev NV, Monogarov KA, Schaller U, Fomenkov IV, Pivkina AN. Progress in Additive Manufacturing of Energetic Materials: Creating the Reactive Microstructures with High Potential of Applications. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V. Muravyev
- Energetic Materials LaboratorySemenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Monogarov
- Energetic Materials LaboratorySemenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Uwe Schaller
- Fraunhofer Institute of Chemical Technology ICT D-76327 Pfinztal Germany
| | - Igor V. Fomenkov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Alla N. Pivkina
- Energetic Materials LaboratorySemenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS 119991 Moscow Russia
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36
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Chen S, He W, Luo CJ, An T, Chen J, Yang Y, Liu PJ, Yan QL. Thermal behavior of graphene oxide and its stabilization effects on transition metal complexes of triaminoguanidine. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 368:404-411. [PMID: 30690393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The graphene oxide (GO) was found to be able to stabilize organic molecules including energetic compounds. However, the inherent mechanisms of such stabilization effects are still not well-known. Herein, various transition metal complexes of triaminoguanidine nitrate (TAGN) using GO as a dopant have been prepared and evaluated. It has been shown that the presence of GO could great improve the thermal stability of the resulted TAG-based complexes. The physical models governing their thermolysis for their initial rate-limiting decomposition steps are obtained using the state-of-the-art evaluation methods. These physical models are further supported by analyses of the overall gaseous products. In addition, the reaction pathways are proposed to explain the stabilization mechanisms of GO. For instance, by interaction of GO, the release of N2 from TAG-Ni was greatly postponed. There is a broad secondary peak at temperature of 378 °C due to decomposition of the nickel nitrides, as the primary thermolysis intermediates of TAG-Ni. The formation of cobalt nitrides plays a significant role on decomposition of TAG-Co and G-T-Co, which results in much less heat release and mass loss in comparison to TAG-Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Chen
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Internal Flow and Thermo-structure Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wei He
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Internal Flow and Thermo-structure Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Chun-Jia Luo
- School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian 710072, China
| | - Ting An
- Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Internal Flow and Thermo-structure Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yanjing Yang
- Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Pei-Jin Liu
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Internal Flow and Thermo-structure Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Qi-Long Yan
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Internal Flow and Thermo-structure Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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37
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Yolchinyan SA, Eads RW, Hobosyan MA, Martirosyan KS. Hydroxide‐Based Nanoenergetic Materials. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201800232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srbuhi A. Yolchinyan
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Texas Rio Grande Valley Brownsville USA
| | - Ryker W. Eads
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Texas Rio Grande Valley Brownsville USA
- Department of PhysicsUtah Valley University Orem USA
| | - Mkhitar A. Hobosyan
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Texas Rio Grande Valley Brownsville USA
| | - Karen S. Martirosyan
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Texas Rio Grande Valley Brownsville USA
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38
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Preparation and Thermal Analysis of Blended Nanoaluminum/Fluorinated Polyether-Segmented Urethane Composites. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs3010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The thermally induced reaction of aluminum fuel and a fluoropolymer oxidizer such as polytetrafluoroethylene (via C-F activation) has been a well-studied thermite event for slow-burning pyrolants among a multitude of energetic applications. Generally, most metallized thermoplastic fluoropolymers suffer from manufacturing limitations using common melt or solvent processing techniques due to the inherent low surface energy and high crystallinity of fluoropolymers. In this report, we prepared an energetic composite utilizing the versatility of urethane-based polymers and provide a comparative thermal characterization study. Specifically, a thermite formulation comprising of nanometer-sized aluminum (nAl) fuel coated with perfluoropolyether (PFPE) oxidizer was solvent-blended with either a polyethylene glycol (PEG) or PFPE-segmented urethane copolymer. Thermal data were collected with calorimetric and thermogravimetric techniques to determine glass transition temperature and decomposition temperature, which showed modest effects upon various loadings of PFPE-coated nAl in the urethane matrix. While our application focus was for energetics, this study also demonstrates the potential to expand the ability to broadly manufacture structural metallized composites to their consideration as coatings, foams, or fibers.
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39
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Kim DW, Kim KT, Kwon GH, Song K, Son I. Self-Propagating Heat Synthetic Reactivity of Fine Aluminum Particles via Spontaneously Coated Nickel Layer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1033. [PMID: 30705301 PMCID: PMC6355937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum powders are known to provide outstanding volumetric exothermic enthalpy energy during thermal oxidation. However, the amount of energy released tends to be limited by the dense surface oxide (Al2O3) layer of the powder. Hence, a prerequisite for improving the reactivity of passivated Al particles is to remove the Al2O3 film from the surface. Considering that the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction of Ni and Al can generate additional exothermic heat in Al powder, Ni can be considered as a promising alternative to the surface oxide layer. Here, we report oxide-layer-free fine Al particles with a characteristic Ni/Al interface, where a Ni layer replaces the Al2O3 film. The microstructure of the synthesized powder consists of a 200-nm-thick Ni layer homogeneously coated on the Al surface, which has nanosized craters caused by the geometrical removal of Al2O3. Thermal analysis and in-situ heating transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results clearly show that active interdiffusion of atoms through the Ni/Al interface results in the formation of intermetallic compounds to provide additional exothermic energy, compared to the result for simply mixing Ni and Al powders. Hence, these findings provide new routes for the design and application of reactive metallic particles using the SHS reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Won Kim
- Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondaero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Tae Kim
- Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondaero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51508, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gu Hyun Kwon
- Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondaero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Song
- Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondaero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Injoon Son
- Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Wang Y, Yan Y, Jiang H, Xing Z, Li Y, Qin W, Wang L, Guo F. Energetic Al/Ni Superlattice as a Micro-Plasma Generator with Superb Performances. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:374. [PMID: 30467799 PMCID: PMC6250605 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, energetic Al/Ni superlattice was deposited by magnetron sputtering. A micro-plasma generator was fabricated using the energetic Al/Ni superlattice. The cross-sectional micro-structure of the energetic Al/Ni superlattice was scanned by transmission electron microscopy. Results show that the superlattice is composed of Al layer and Ni layers, and its periodic structure is clearly visible. Moreover, the bilayer thickness is about 25 nm, which consists of about 15 nm Al layer and 10 nm Ni layer. The micro initiator was stimulated using a 0.22 μF capacitor charged at 2900-4100 V. The electrical behaviors were investigated by testing the current-voltage waveform, and the plasma generation was explored by ultra-high-speed camera and photodiode. The integrated micro generator exhibited remarkable electrical exploding phenomenon, leading to plasma generations at a small timescale. The plasma outputs reflected by flyer velocities were superior to that with a much thicker bilayer of 500 nm Al/Ni multilayer. The higher flyer velocity combined with Gurney energy model confirmed the chemical reaction of the Al/Ni superlattice structure contributed to plasma production in comparison with the Al/Ni multilayers. Overall, the energetic Al/Ni superlattice was expected to pave a promising avenue to improve the initiator efficiency at a lower energy investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 China
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900 China
| | - Yichao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 China
| | - Hongchuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 China
| | - Zongren Xing
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900 China
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900 China
| | - Wenzhi Qin
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900 China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900 China
| | - Fei Guo
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900 China
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41
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Comet M, Martin C, Schnell F, Spitzer D. Nanothermites: A short Review. Factsheet for Experimenters, Present and Future Challenges. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201800095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Comet
- NS3E Laboratorty – UMR 3208 ISL/CNRS/UNISTRAFrench-German research Institute of Saint-Louis 15 rue du Général Cassagnou, BP 34 68301 SAINT LOUIS CEDEX
| | - Cédric Martin
- NS3E Laboratorty – UMR 3208 ISL/CNRS/UNISTRAFrench-German research Institute of Saint-Louis 15 rue du Général Cassagnou, BP 34 68301 SAINT LOUIS CEDEX
| | - Fabien Schnell
- NS3E Laboratorty – UMR 3208 ISL/CNRS/UNISTRAFrench-German research Institute of Saint-Louis 15 rue du Général Cassagnou, BP 34 68301 SAINT LOUIS CEDEX
| | - Denis Spitzer
- NS3E Laboratorty – UMR 3208 ISL/CNRS/UNISTRAFrench-German research Institute of Saint-Louis 15 rue du Général Cassagnou, BP 34 68301 SAINT LOUIS CEDEX
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42
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He W, Liu PJ, He GQ, Gozin M, Yan QL. Highly Reactive Metastable Intermixed Composites (MICs): Preparation and Characterization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706293. [PMID: 29862580 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Highly reactive metastable intermixed composites (MICs) have attracted much attention in the past decades. The MIC family of materials mainly includes traditional metal-based nanothermites, novel core-shell-structured, 3D ordered macroporous-structured, and ternary nanocomposites. By applying special fabrication approaches, highly reactive MICs with uniformly dispersed reactants, "layer-by-layer" or "core-shell" structures, can be prepared. Thus, the combustion performance can be greatly improved, and the ignition characteristics and safety can be precisely controlled by using a certain preparation strategy. Here, the preparation and characterization of the MICs that have been developed during the past few decades are summarized. Traditional preparation methods for MICs generally include physical mixing, high-energy ball milling, sol-gel synthesis, and vapor deposition, while the novel methods include self-assembly, electrophoretic deposition, and electrospinning. Various preparation procedures and the ignition and combustion performance of different MIC reactive systems are compared and discussed. In particular, the advantages of novel structured MICs in terms of safety and combustion efficiency are clarified, based on which suggestions regarding the possible future research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Thermo-Structure and Internal Flow Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, 710072, China
| | - Pei-Jin Liu
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Thermo-Structure and Internal Flow Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, 710072, China
| | - Guo-Qiang He
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Thermo-Structure and Internal Flow Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, 710072, China
| | - Michael Gozin
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Qi-Long Yan
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Thermo-Structure and Internal Flow Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, 710072, China
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Yu C, Zhang W, Hu B, Ni D, Zheng Z, Liu J, Ma K, Ren W. Core/shell CuO/Al nanorod thermite film based on electrochemical anodization. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:36LT02. [PMID: 29897341 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aacc57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new method was reported for the fabrication of the nanostructured CuO/Al thermite film on a Cu substrate. The CuO nanorod (NR) arrays grew vertically from the Cu surfaces by electrochemical anodization processes, followed by the deposition of an Al layer on the CuO NRs via magnetron sputtering to form a core/shell CuO/Al nanothermite film, whose component, structure and morphology were subsequently characterized. In addition, the energy-release characteristics of the obtained nanothermite film were investigated using thermal analyses and laser ignition tests. All evidence demonstrates that the obtained CuO/Al is of a uniform structure and has superb energy performance. Impressively, the resulting material is potentially useful in applications of functional energetic chips due to its easy integration with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpei Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Yan Y, Wang Y, Ai M, Jiang H, Wang L, Zhao X, Zhang W, Li Y. Enhanced Energetic Performances Based on Integration with the Al/PTFE Nanolaminates. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:206. [PMID: 29995299 PMCID: PMC6041219 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrating energetic materials on a chip has received great attention for its widely potential applications in the microscale energy consumption system, including electric initiation device. In this article, reactive Al/PTFE nanolaminates with periodic layer structure are prepared by magnetron sputtering, which consists of fuel Al, oxidant PTFE, and inert layer Al-F compound in a metastable system. The as-deposited Al/PTFE nanolaminates exhibit a significantly high energy output, and the onset temperature and the heat of reaction are 410 °C and 3034 J/g, respectively. Based on these properties, an integrated film bridge is designed and fabricated via integrating Al/PTFE nanolaminates with a Cu exploding foil, which exhibits enhanced energetic performances with more violent explosion phenomenon, larger quantities of ejected product, and higher plasma temperature in comparison with the Cu film bridge. The kinetic energy of flyers derived from the expansion of the Cu film bridge is also increased around 29.9% via integration with the Al/PTFE nanolaminates. Overall, the energetic performances can be improved substantially through a combination of the chemical reaction of Al/PTFE nanolaminates with the electric explosion of the Cu film bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Yichao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999 China
| | - Mengting Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Hongchuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999 China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Yanrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ai M, Jiang H, Yan Y, Zhao X, Wang L, Zhang W, Li Y. Reactive B/Ti Nano-Multilayers with Superior Performance in Plasma Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21582-21589. [PMID: 29873474 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, reactive B/Ti nano-multilayers were fabricated by magnetron sputtering and the structure and chemical composition were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The periodic multilayer structure can be clearly visible, and the multilayer material is composed of B layers (amorphous), Ti layers (nano-polycrystalline), and intermixed reactants in a metastable system. The as-deposited B/Ti nano-multilayers exhibit a significantly high heat release of 3722 J/g, with an onset reaction temperature of 449 °C. On the basis of these properties, an integrated microigniter was designed and prepared by integration of the B/Ti nano-multilayers with a TaN film bridge for potential applications in plasma generation, and the electric ignition processes were investigated with discharge voltages ranging from 25 to 40 V. The integrated microigniter exhibits improved and stable ignition performances with a short burst time, high plasma temperature, and violent explosion phenomenon in comparison with the TaN film igniter. Overall, the plasma generation of the microigniter can be enhanced substantially by integration with the B/Ti nano-multilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 , China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 , China
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics , Mianyang 621000 , China
| | - Mengting Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 , China
| | - Hongchuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 , China
| | - Yichao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 , China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 , China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 , China
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics , Mianyang 621000 , China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 , China
| | - Yanrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 , China
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Mutlu M, Kang JH, Raza S, Schoen D, Zheng X, Kik PG, Brongersma ML. Thermoplasmonic Ignition of Metal Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1699-1706. [PMID: 29356548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics are energetic materials that can store and quickly release tremendous amounts of chemical energy. Aluminum (Al) is a particularly important fuel in many applications because of its high energy density, which can be released in a highly exothermic oxidation process. The diffusive oxidation mechanism (DOM) and melt-dispersion mechanism (MDM) explain the ways powders of Al nanoparticles (NPs) can burn, but little is known about the possible use of plasmonic resonances in NPs to manipulate photoignition. This is complicated by the inhomogeneous nature of powders and very fast heating and burning rates. Here, we generate Al NPs with well-defined sizes, shapes, and spacings by electron beam lithography and demonstrate that their plasmonic resonances can be exploited to heat and ignite them with a laser. By combining simulations with thermal-emission, electron-, and optical-microscopy studies, we reveal how an improved control over NP ignition can be attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Mutlu
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Ju-Hyung Kang
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Søren Raza
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - David Schoen
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- Exponent Inc., Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Xiaolin Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Pieter G Kik
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics , University of Central Florida , 4000 Central Florida Boulevard , Orlando , Florida 32816 , United States
| | - Mark L Brongersma
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
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Liu J, Ma Q, Tian J, Xi X, Li D, Dong X, Yu W, Wang X, Wang J, Liu G. Novel double anisotropic conductive flexible composite film endued with improved luminescence. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22887-22896. [PMID: 35540115 PMCID: PMC9081450 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03566k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brand-new double anisotropic conductive flexible composite films (ACFs) were firstly put forward, devised and fabricated. The flexible array composite films were constructed via electrospinning using highly aligned Janus nanoribbons as conductive and constitutive units. The Janus nanoribbon consists of two parts, which are respectively conducting side and insulating-luminescent side. The Janus nanoribbons array composite film has two layers, and the two layers are combined tightly to form a top-to-bottom structure. In the composite film, the length direction of the Janus nanoribbons (namely conducting direction) in the two layers is perpendicular, so that a composite film with double electrically conductive anisotropy is achieved. In addition, by adjusting the content of PANI, conductive anisotropy of each layer of the composite film can be tuned, and the conductance in the conducting direction is about 108 times stronger than that in the insulating direction. The Janus nanoribbon array composite films also have tunable and improved luminescent properties, achieving bi-functionality of double anisotropically electrical conduction and luminescence. The proposed design concept and preparation technology will provide theoretical and technical support for the design and fabrication of novel multifunctional ACFs. Brand-new double anisotropic conductive flexible composite films endued with tuned electrically conductive anisotropy and improved luminescence were prepared by electrospinning.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Jiao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Xue Xi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Xiangting Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Wensheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Xinlu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Jinxian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Nanotechnology at Universities of Jilin Province
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Changchun 130022
- China
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Zheng Z, Zhang W, Yu C, Zheng G, Ma K, Qin Z, Ye J, Chao Y. Integration of the 3DOM Al/Co3O4 nanothermite film with a semiconductor bridge to realize a high-output micro-energetic igniter. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2552-2560. [PMID: 35541495 PMCID: PMC9077334 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11293a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microigniters play an important role for the reliable initiation of micro explosive devices. However, the microigniter is still limited by the low out-put energy to realize high reliability and safety. Integration of energetic materials with microigniters is an effective method to enhance the ignition ability. In this work, a Al/Co3O4 nanothermite film with a three-dimensionally ordered macroporous structure was prepared by the deposition of nanoscale Al layers using magnetron sputtering on Co3O4 skeletons that are synthesized using an inverse template method. Both the uniform structure and nanoscale contact between the Al layers and the Co3O4 skeletons lead to an excellent exothermicity. In order to investigate the ignition properties, a micro-energetic igniter has been fabricated by the integration of the Al/Co3O4 nanothermite film with a semiconductor bridge microigniter. The thermite reactions between the nanoscale Al layer and the Co3O4 skeleton extensively promote the intensity of the spark, the length in duration and the size of the area, which greatly enhance the ignition reliability of the micro-energetic igniter. Moreover, this novel design enables the micro-energetic igniter to fire the pyrotechnic Zr/Pb3O4 in a gap of 3.7 mm by capacitor discharge stimulation and to keep the intrinsic instantaneity high and firing energy low. The realization of gap ignition will surely improve the safety level of initiating systems and have a significant impact on the design and application of explosive devices. A micro-energetic igniter integrated with a 3DOM Al/Co3O4 nanothermite film is able to generate larger spark and realize gap ignition.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Chunpei Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
- The 43rd Research Institute of CETC
| | - Kefeng Ma
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Zhichun Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Jiahai Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Yimin Chao
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- UK
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Zhang Y, Jiang H, Zhao X, Yan Y, Zhang W, Li Y. Characteristics of the Energetic Micro-initiator Through Integrating Al/Ni Nano-multilayers with Cu Film Bridge. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:38. [PMID: 28091947 PMCID: PMC5236042 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An energetic micro-initiator through integrating Al/Ni nano-multilayers with Cu film bridge was investigated in this study. The Cu film bridge was initially fabricated with wet etching, and Al/Ni nano-multilayers were alternately deposited on the surface of Cu film bridge by magnetron sputtering. The periodic layer structure of Al/Ni nano-multilayers was verified by scanning electron microscopy. The exothermic reaction in Al/Ni nano-multilayers can be initiated with onset reaction temperature as low as 503 K, and the total reaction heat is about 774.6 J/g. This energetic micro-initiator exhibited improved performances with lower threshold voltage, smaller initiation energy, and higher explosion temperature compared with Cu film bridge. An extra violent explosion phenomenon with longer duration time and larger quantities of ejected product particles was detected on this energetic micro-initiator by high-speed camera. Overall, the electric explosion performances of Cu film bridge can be improved evidently with the integration of Al/Ni nano-multilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Hongchuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yichao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yanrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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50
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Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanostructures. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-017-2835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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