1
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Fadili D, Fahim ZME, Bouzzine SM, Alaoui OT, Hamidi M. Effects of auxiliary electron-withdrawing moieties on the photovoltaic properties of D-π-A’-π-A phosphonic acid-based DSSCs. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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2
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Lécuyer T, Bia N, Burckel P, Loubat C, Graillot A, Seguin J, Corvis Y, Liu J, Valéro L, Scherman D, Mignet N, Richard C. Persistent luminescence nanoparticles functionalized by polymers bearing phosphonic acid anchors: synthesis, characterization, and in vivo behaviour. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1386-1394. [PMID: 35018394 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical in vivo imaging has become a widely used technique and is still under development for clinical diagnostics and treatment applications. For further development of the field, researchers have put much effort into the development of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) as imaging probes. In this trend, our laboratory developed ZnGa1.995O4Cr0.005 (ZGO) nanoparticles, which can emit a bright persistent luminescence signal through the tissue transparency window for dozens of minutes and can be activated in vivo with visible irradiation. These properties endow them with unique features, allowing us to recover information over a long-time study with in vivo imaging without any background. To target tissues of interest, ZGO must circulate long enough in the blood stream, a phenomenon which is limited by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Depending on their size, charge and coating, the NPs are sooner or later opsonized and stored into the main organs of the MPS (liver, spleen, and lungs). The NPs therefore have to be coated with a hydrophilic polymer to avoid this limitation. To this end, a new functionalization method using two different polyethylene glycol phosphonic acid polymers (a linear one, later named lpPEG and a branched one, later named pPEG) has been studied in this article. The coating has been optimized and characterized in various aqueous media. The behaviour of the newly functionalized NPs has been investigated in the presence of plasmatic proteins, and an in vivo biodistribution study has been performed. Among them ZGOpPEG exhibits a long circulation time, corresponding to low protein adsorption, while presenting an effective one-step process in aqueous medium with a low hydrodynamic diameter increase. This new method is much more advantageous than another strategy we reported previously that used a two-step PEG silane coating performed in an organic solvent (dimethylformamide) for which the final hydrodynamic diameter was twice the initial diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lécuyer
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Bia
- Specific Polymers, ZAC Via Domitia 150 Avenue des Cocardières, 34160 Castries, France
| | - Pierre Burckel
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université de Paris, France
| | - Cédric Loubat
- Specific Polymers, ZAC Via Domitia 150 Avenue des Cocardières, 34160 Castries, France
| | - Alain Graillot
- Specific Polymers, ZAC Via Domitia 150 Avenue des Cocardières, 34160 Castries, France
| | - Johanne Seguin
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Yohann Corvis
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Lucie Valéro
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Cyrille Richard
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
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3
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Nakamura K, Takahashi T, Hosomi T, Yamaguchi Y, Tanaka W, Liu J, Kanai M, Nagashima K, Yanagida T. Surface Dissociation Effect on Phosphonic Acid Self-Assembled Monolayer Formation on ZnO Nanowires. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1462-1467. [PMID: 35036808 PMCID: PMC8756575 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the formation process of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organophosphonic acids on ZnO surfaces is essential to designing their various applications, including solar cells, heterogeneous catalysts, and molecular sensors. Here, we report the significant effect of surface dissociation on SAM formation of organophosphonic acids on single-crystalline ZnO nanowire surfaces using infrared spectroscopy. When employing the most conventional solvent-methanol (relative permittivity εr = 32.6), the production of undesired byproducts (layered zinc compounds) on the surface was identified by infrared spectral data and microscopy. On the other hand, a well-defined SAM structure with a tridentate coordination of phosphonic acids on the surface was confirmed when employing toluene (εr = 2.379) or tert-butyl alcohol (εr = 11.22-11.50). The observation of layered zinc compounds as byproducts highlights that the degree of Zn2+ dissociation from the ZnO solid surface into a solvent significantly affects the surface coordination of phosphonic acids during the SAM formation process. Although the ZnO nanowire surface (m-plane) is hydrophilic, the present results suggest that a weaker solvent polarity is preferred to form well-defined phosphonic acid SAMs on ZnO nanowire surfaces without detrimental surface byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nakamura
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Takahashi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- JST,
PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takuro Hosomi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- JST,
PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yu Yamaguchi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Wataru Tanaka
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jiangyang Liu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masaki Kanai
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagashima
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- JST,
PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanagida
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Institute
for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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4
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Chen G, Wang X, Shi Y, Tinkham JS, Brenner TM, Olson DC, Sellinger A, Furtak TE. Tuning the work function of nickel oxide using triethoxysilane functionalized monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2449-2457. [PMID: 33463637 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03306e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The work function of nickel oxide (NiOx) electrodes was tuned by the covalent attachment of commercially available as well as specially synthesized triethoxysilane functionalized molecules with a range of dipole moments. The presence of the silane molecular layers on the NiOx surface was verified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. While these tests indicated the surface coverage was incomplete, Kelvin probe measurements showed that the coverage was sufficient to change the work function of the NiOx across a range of ∼900 meV. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the dipole moments of the isolated molecules correlated well with the measured work function changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA.
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5
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Fadili D, Bouzzine SM, Hamidi M. Study of the structural and optoelectronic properties of dye solar cells based on phosphonic acid anchoring by DFT functionals. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03971c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The choice of the functional and an adequate basis set for reproducing the experimental data of T4-BTDA phosphonic acid-based dye is made by using six functionals and four atomic basis sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driss Fadili
- Laboratoire Chimie-Physique
- Matériaux et Environnement
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University Moulay Ismaïl of Meknes
- Errachidia
| | - Si Mohamed Bouzzine
- Laboratoire Chimie-Physique
- Matériaux et Environnement
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University Moulay Ismaïl of Meknes
- Errachidia
| | - Mohamed Hamidi
- Laboratoire Chimie-Physique
- Matériaux et Environnement
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University Moulay Ismaïl of Meknes
- Errachidia
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6
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Hu Y, Zhang Y, Li C, Wang L, Du Y, Mo G, Li X, Cheetham AK, Wang J. Guided Assembly of Microporous/Mesoporous Manganese Phosphates by Bifunctional Organophosphonic Acid Etching and Templating. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901124. [PMID: 31062894 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn)-based compounds are important materials for both energy conversion and energy storage. Unfortunately, it has been a significant challenge to develop highly ordered microporous/mesoporous structures for them to provide more active sites for these applications. In order to do so using the soft-templating method, three conditions have to be met, namely, a strong interaction between the inorganic precursor and the organic templates; eliminating the formation of bulk manganese phosphate; and the preservation of the manganese phosphate framework without it collapsing upon template removal. Herein, a soft-templating approach is reported using an organophosphonic acid (n-hexylphosphonic acid) as both the etching and the templating agent, followed by high-vacuum-assisted annealing. This approach simultaneously satisfies the above conditions. Both microporous and mesoporous manganese phosphates with uniform pore sizes and well-defined pore structures are obtained. The utilization of the organophosphonic acid is shown to be the key in the transformation from bulk manganese oxide into a highly ordered microporous phosphate. A very high surface area of 304.1 m2 g-1 is obtained for the microporous manganese phosphate, which is the highest among the reported values for Mn-based compounds. The ultrafine micropores and high specific surface area of our manganese phosphate promote electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Hu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Changjian Li
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Yonghua Du
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Guang Mo
- Beijing Synchrotron Energy Physics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Anthony K Cheetham
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - John Wang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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7
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Sevrain CM, Berchel M, Couthon H, Jaffrès PA. Phosphonic acid: preparation and applications. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2186-2213. [PMID: 29114326 PMCID: PMC5669239 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphonic acid functional group, which is characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to three oxygen atoms (two hydroxy groups and one P=O double bond) and one carbon atom, is employed for many applications due to its structural analogy with the phosphate moiety or to its coordination or supramolecular properties. Phosphonic acids were used for their bioactive properties (drug, pro-drug), for bone targeting, for the design of supramolecular or hybrid materials, for the functionalization of surfaces, for analytical purposes, for medical imaging or as phosphoantigen. These applications are covering a large panel of research fields including chemistry, biology and physics thus making the synthesis of phosphonic acids a determinant question for numerous research projects. This review gives, first, an overview of the different fields of application of phosphonic acids that are illustrated with studies mainly selected over the last 20 years. Further, this review reports the different methods that can be used for the synthesis of phosphonic acids from dialkyl or diaryl phosphonate, from dichlorophosphine or dichlorophosphine oxide, from phosphonodiamide, or by oxidation of phosphinic acid. Direct methods that make use of phosphorous acid (H3PO3) and that produce a phosphonic acid functional group simultaneously to the formation of the P-C bond, are also surveyed. Among all these methods, the dealkylation of dialkyl phosphonates under either acidic conditions (HCl) or using the McKenna procedure (a two-step reaction that makes use of bromotrimethylsilane followed by methanolysis) constitute the best methods to prepare phosphonic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Sevrain
- CEMCA UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Brest, IBSAM. 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Mathieu Berchel
- CEMCA UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Brest, IBSAM. 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Hélène Couthon
- CEMCA UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Brest, IBSAM. 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Paul-Alain Jaffrès
- CEMCA UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Brest, IBSAM. 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
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8
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Functionalization of MgZnO nanorod films and characterization by FTIR microscopic imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6379-6386. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Igari T, Yamaguchi K. 2-Nitrobenzylcarbamate-bearing Alkylphosphonic Acid Derivative Forms Photodegradable Self-assembled Monolayer That Enables Fabrication of a Patterned Amine Surface. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Igari
- Department of Chemistry, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293
| | - Kazuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293
- Research Institute for Photofunctionalized Materials, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293
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10
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McNichols BW, Koubek JT, Sellinger A. Single-step synthesis of styryl phosphonic acids via palladium-catalyzed Heck coupling of vinyl phosphonic acid with aryl halides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12454-12456. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05909d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a single step palladium-catalyzed Heck coupling of aryl halides with vinyl phosphonic acid to produce functionalized (E)-styryl phosphonic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett W. McNichols
- Department of Chemistry
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Alan Sellinger
- Department of Chemistry
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden
- USA
- Materials Science Program
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11
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McNeill AR, Hyndman AR, Reeves RJ, Downard AJ, Allen MW. Tuning the Band Bending and Controlling the Surface Reactivity at Polar and Nonpolar Surfaces of ZnO through Phosphonic Acid Binding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31392-31402. [PMID: 27768292 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ZnO is a prime candidate for future use in transparent electronics; however, development of practical materials requires attention to factors including control of its unusual surface band bending and surface reactivity. In this work, we have modified the O-polar (0001̅), Zn-polar (0001), and m-plane (101̅0) surfaces of ZnO with phosphonic acid (PA) derivatives and measured the effect on the surface band bending and surface sensitivity to atmospheric oxygen. Core level and valence band synchrotron X-ray photoemission spectroscopy was used to measure the surface band bending introduced by PA modifiers with substituents of opposite polarity dipole moment: octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA) and 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctylphosphonic acid (F13OPA). Both PAs act as surface electron donors, increasing the downward band bending and the strength of the two-dimensional surface electron accumulation layer on all of the ZnO surfaces investigated. On the O-polar (0001̅) and m-plane (101̅0) surfaces, the ODPA modifier produced the largest increase in downward band bending relative to the hydroxyl-terminated unmodified surface of 0.55 and 0.35 eV, respectively. On the Zn-polar (0001) face, the F13OPA modifier gave the largest increase (by 0.50 eV) producing a total downward band bending of 1.00 eV, representing ∼30% of the ZnO band gap. Ultraviolet (UV) photoinduced surface wettability and photoconductivity measurements demonstrated that the PA modifiers are effective at decreasing the sensitivity of the surface toward atmospheric oxygen. Modification with PA derivatives produced a large increase in the persistence of UV-induced photoconductivity and a large reduction in UV-induced changes in surface wettability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R McNeill
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Adam R Hyndman
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Roger J Reeves
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Alison J Downard
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Martin W Allen
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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12
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Ostapenko A, Klöffel T, Eußner J, Harms K, Dehnen S, Meyer B, Witte G. Etching of Crystalline ZnO Surfaces upon Phosphonic Acid Adsorption: Guidelines for the Realization of Well-Engineered Functional Self-Assembled Monolayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:13472-13483. [PMID: 27159837 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization of metal oxides by means of covalently bound self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) offers a tailoring of surface electronic properties such as their work function and, in combination with its large charge carrier mobility, renders ZnO a promising conductive oxide for use as transparent electrode material in optoelectronic devices. In this study, we show that the formation of phosphonic acid-anchored SAMs on ZnO competes with an unwanted chemical side reaction, leading to the formation of surface precipitates and severe surface damage at prolonged immersion times of several days. Combining atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), the stability and structure of the aggregates formed upon immersion of ZnO single crystal surfaces of different orientations [(0001̅), (0001), and (101̅0)] in phenylphosphonic acid (PPA) solution were studied. By intentionally increasing the immersion time to more than 1 week, large crystalline precipitates are formed, which are identified as zinc phosphonate. Moreover, the energetics and the reaction pathway of this transformation have been evaluated using density functional theory (DFT), showing that zinc phosphonate is thermodynamically more favorable than phosphonic acid SAMs on ZnO. Precipitation is also found for phosphonic acids with fluorinated aromatic backbones, while less precipitation occurs upon formation of SAMs with phenylphosphinic anchoring units. By contrast, no precipitates are formed when PPA monolayer films are prepared by sublimation under vacuum conditions, yielding smooth surfaces without noticeable etching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ostapenko
- Fachbereich Physik, Molekulare Festkörperphysik and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Renthof 7, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Klöffel
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Eußner
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Fachbereich Physik, Molekulare Festkörperphysik and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Renthof 7, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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13
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Paniagua SA, Giordano AJ, Smith OL, Barlow S, Li H, Armstrong NR, Pemberton JE, Brédas JL, Ginger D, Marder SR. Phosphonic Acids for Interfacial Engineering of Transparent Conductive Oxides. Chem Rev 2016; 116:7117-58. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Paniagua
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Anthony J. Giordano
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - O’Neil L. Smith
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Hong Li
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Neal R. Armstrong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeanne E. Pemberton
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - David Ginger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Seth R. Marder
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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14
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Ostapenko A, Klöffel T, Meyer B, Witte G. Formation and Stability of Phenylphosphonic Acid Monolayers on ZnO: Comparison of In Situ and Ex Situ SAM Preparation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:5029-5037. [PMID: 27145215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) enable an electronic interface tailoring of conductive metal oxides and offer an alternative to common transparent electrodes in optoelectronic devices. Here, the influence of surface orientation and pretreatment on the formation and stability of SAMs has been studied for the case of phenylphosphonic acid (PPA) on ZnO single crystals. Using thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near-edge X-ray adsorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, the thermal stability and orientational ordering of PPA-SAMs on the polar and mixed-terminated ZnO surfaces were analyzed. On all surfaces, PPA-SAMs remain stable up to 550 K, while at higher temperatures a C-P bond cleavage and dissociative desorption takes place yielding two distinct desorption peaks. Based on DFT calculations, these desorption channels are attributed to protonated and deprotonated chemisorbed PPA molecules, which can be related to tri- and bidentate species, hence allowing to determine their relative abundance from the intensity ratio. Beside immersion, an alternative monolayer preparation based on vacuum deposition in combination with controlled desorption of excess multilayers is demonstrated. This enables a SAM preparation on bare ZnO surfaces without any precoating due to exposure to ambient air, which is further compared with SAM formation on intentionally hydroxylated substrates. Corresponding TDS data indicate that initial hydroxylation favors the formation of tridentate and deprotonated bidentate, while the OMBD preparation on bare surfaces yields a larger fraction of protonated bidentate species. The orientation of PPA molecules adopted in the SAMs was determined from the dichroism of K-edge NEXAFS measurements and reveals an almost upright orientation for the deprotonated species, while a slight tilting is obtained for monolayer films with a large fraction of protonated bidentate molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ostapenko
- Fachbereich Physik, Molekulare Festkörperphysik and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Renthof 7, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Klöffel
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Fachbereich Physik, Molekulare Festkörperphysik and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Renthof 7, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Pathak A, Bora A, Liao KC, Schmolke H, Jung A, Klages CP, Schwartz J, Tornow M. Disorder-derived, strong tunneling attenuation in bis-phosphonate monolayers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:094008. [PMID: 26871412 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/9/094008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Monolayers of alkyl bisphosphonic acids (bisPAs) of various carbon chain lengths (C4, C8, C10, C12) were grown on aluminum oxide (AlO(x)) surfaces from solution. The structural and electrical properties of these self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were compared with those of alkyl monophosphonic acids (monoPAs). Through contact angle (CA) and Kelvin-probe (KP) measurements, ellipsometry, and infrared (IR) and x-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies, it was found that bisPAs form monolayers that are relatively disordered compared to their monoPA analogs. Current-voltage (J-V) measurements made with a hanging Hg drop top contact show tunneling to be the prevailing transport mechanism. However, while the monoPAs have an observed decay constant within the typical range for dense monolayers, β(mono) = 0.85 ± 0.03 per carbon atom, a surprisingly high value, β(bis) = 1.40 ± 0.05 per carbon atom, was measured for the bisPAs. We attribute this to a strong contribution of 'through-space' tunneling, which derives from conformational disorder in the monolayer due to strong interactions of the distal phosphonic acid groups; they likely form a hydrogen-bonding network that largely determines the molecular layer structure. Since bisPA SAMs attenuate tunnel currents more effectively than do the corresponding monoPA SAMs, they may find future application as gate dielectric modification in organic thin film devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuma Pathak
- Institut für Halbleitertechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany. Department of Molecular Electronics, Technische Universität München, Theresienstraße 90, 80333 München, Germany
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Rechmann J, Sarfraz A, Götzinger AC, Dirksen E, Müller TJJ, Erbe A. Surface Functionalization of Oxide-Covered Zinc and Iron with Phosphonated Phenylethynyl Phenothiazine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:7306-7316. [PMID: 26057456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenothiazines are redox-active, fluorescent molecules with potential applications in molecular electronics. Phosphonated phenylethynyl phenothiazine can be easily obtained in a four-step synthesis, yielding a molecule with a headgroup permitting surface linkage. Upon modifying hydroxylated polycrystalline zinc and iron, both covered with their respective native oxides, ultrathin organic layers were formed and investigated by use of infrared (IR) reflection spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), contact angle measurement, and ellipsometry. While stable monolayers with upright oriented organic molecules were formed on oxide-covered iron, multilayer formation is observed on oxide-covered zinc. ToF-SIMS measurements reveal a bridging bidentate bonding state of the organic compound on oxide-covered iron, whereas monodentate complexes were observed on oxide-covered zinc. Both organically modified and unmodified surfaces exhibit reactive wetting, but organic modification makes the surfaces initially more hydrophobic. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) indicates redox activity of the multilayers formed on oxide-covered zinc. On the other hand, the monolayers on oxide-covered iron desorb after electrochemical modifications in the state of the oxide, but are stable at open circuit conditions. Exploiting an electronic coupling of phenothiazines to oxides may thus assist in corrosion protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Rechmann
- †Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Adnan Sarfraz
- †Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alissa C Götzinger
- ‡Chair of Organic Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elena Dirksen
- ‡Chair of Organic Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- ‡Chair of Organic Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Erbe
- †Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Koldemir U, Braid JL, Morgenstern A, Eberhart M, Collins RT, Olson DC, Sellinger A. Molecular Design for Tuning Work Functions of Transparent Conducting Electrodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2269-2276. [PMID: 26266603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we provide a brief background on the use of aromatic phosphonic acid modifiers for tuning work functions of transparent conducting oxides, for example, zinc oxide (ZnO) and indium tin oxide (ITO). We then introduce our preliminary results in this area using conjugated phosphonic acid molecules, having a substantially larger range of dipole moments than their unconjugated analogues, leading to the tuning of ZnO and ITO electrodes over a 2 eV range as derived from Kelvin probe measurements. We have found that these work function changes are directly correlated to the magnitude and the direction of the computationally derived molecular dipole of the conjugated phosphonic acids, leading to the predictive power of computation to drive the synthesis of new and improved phosphonic acid ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L Braid
- §National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | | | | | - Dana C Olson
- §National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alan Sellinger
- §National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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MacLeod BA, Steirer KX, Young JL, Koldemir U, Sellinger A, Turner JA, Deutsch TG, Olson DC. Phosphonic Acid Modification of GaInP2 Photocathodes Toward Unbiased Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:11346-11350. [PMID: 25970795 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The p-type semiconductor GaInP2 has a nearly ideal bandgap (∼1.83 eV) for hydrogen fuel generation by photoelectrochemical water splitting but is unable to drive this reaction because of misalignment of the semiconductor band edges with the water redox half reactions. Here, we show that attachment of an appropriate conjugated phosphonic acid to the GaInP2 electrode surface improves the band edge alignment, closer to the desired overlap with the water redox potentials. We demonstrate that this surface modification approach is able to adjust the energetic position of the band edges by as much as 0.8 eV, showing that it may be possible to engineer the energetics at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface to allow for unbiased water splitting with a single photoelectrode having a bandgap of less than 2 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James L Young
- §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Unsal Koldemir
- ∥Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alan Sellinger
- ∥Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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