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Wang X, Gao S, Luo Y, Liu X, Tom R, Zhao K, Chang V, Marom N. Computational Discovery of Intermolecular Singlet Fission Materials Using Many-Body Perturbation Theory. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:7841-7864. [PMID: 38774154 PMCID: PMC11103713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Intermolecular singlet fission (SF) is the conversion of a photogenerated singlet exciton into two triplet excitons residing on different molecules. SF has the potential to enhance the conversion efficiency of solar cells by harvesting two charge carriers from one high-energy photon, whose surplus energy would otherwise be lost to heat. The development of commercial SF-augmented modules is hindered by the limited selection of molecular crystals that exhibit intermolecular SF in the solid state. Computational exploration may accelerate the discovery of new SF materials. The GW approximation and Bethe-Salpeter equation (GW+BSE) within the framework of many-body perturbation theory is the current state-of-the-art method for calculating the excited-state properties of molecular crystals with periodic boundary conditions. In this Review, we discuss the usage of GW+BSE to assess candidate SF materials as well as its combination with low-cost physical or machine learned models in materials discovery workflows. We demonstrate three successful strategies for the discovery of new SF materials: (i) functionalization of known materials to tune their properties, (ii) finding potential polymorphs with improved crystal packing, and (iii) exploring new classes of materials. In addition, three new candidate SF materials are proposed here, which have not been published previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Wang
- School
of Foundational Education, University of
Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266113, China
- Qingdao
Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Institute of
Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Gao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yiqun Luo
- Department
of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rithwik Tom
- Department
of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kaiji Zhao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Vincent Chang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Noa Marom
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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2
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Knorr ES, Basquill CT, Bertini IA, Arcidiacono A, Beery D, Wheeler JP, Winfred JSRV, Strouse GF, Hanson K. Influence of Al 2O 3 Overlayers on Intermolecular Interactions between Metal Oxide Bound Molecules. Molecules 2023; 28:4835. [PMID: 37375390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermolecular interactions on inorganic substrates can have a critical impact on the electrochemical and photophysical properties of the materials and subsequent performance in hybrid electronics. Critical to the intentional formation or inhibition of these processes is controlling interactions between molecules on a surface. In this report, we investigated the impact of surface loading and atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 overlayers on the intermolecular interactions of a ZrO2-bound anthracene derivative as probed by the photophysical properties of the interface. While surface loading density had no impact on the absorption spectra of the films, there was an increase in excimer features with surface loading as observed by both emission and transient absorption. The addition of ALD overlayers of Al2O3 resulted in a decrease in excimer formation, but the emission and transient absorption spectra were still dominated by excimer features. These results suggest that ALD may provide a post-surface loading means of influencing such intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica S Knorr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Cody T Basquill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Isabella A Bertini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Ashley Arcidiacono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Drake Beery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Jonathan P Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - J S Raaj Vellore Winfred
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Geoffrey F Strouse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
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3
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Wang T, Zhang BY, Zhang HL. Singlet Fission Materials for Photovoltaics: from Small Molecules to Macromolecules. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200326. [PMID: 35703581 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a spin-allowed process in which a singlet state splits into two triplet states. Materials that enable SF have attracted great attention in the last decade, mainly stemming from the potential of overcoming the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit in photoenergy conversion. In the past decade, a large number of new molecules exhibiting SF have been explored and many devices based on SF materials have been studied, though the mechanistic understanding is still obscure. This review focuses on the recent developments of SF materials, including small molecules, oligomers and polymers. The molecular design strategies and related mechanisms of SF are discussed. Then the dynamics of charge transfer and energy transfer between SF materials and other materials are introduced. Further, we discuss the progresses of implementing SF in photovoltaics. It is hoped that a comprehensive understanding to the SF materials, devices and mechanism may pave a new way for the design of next generation photovoltaics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.,Prof. H. L. Zhang, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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4
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He G, Yablon LM, Parenti KR, Fallon KJ, Campos LM, Sfeir MY. Quantifying Exciton Transport in Singlet Fission Diblock Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3269-3278. [PMID: 35166107 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a mechanism of exciton multiplication in organic chromophores, which has potential to drive highly efficient optoelectronic devices. Creating effective device architectures that operate by SF critically depends on electronic interactions across multiple length scales─from individual molecules to interchromophore interactions that facilitate multiexciton dephasing and exciton diffusion toward donor-acceptor interfaces. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the underpinnings of multiexciton transport and interfacial energy transfer in multichromophore systems. Interestingly, block copolymers (BCPs) can be designed to control multiscale interactions by tailoring the nature of the building blocks, yet SF dynamics are not well understood in these macromolecules. Here, we designed diblock copolymers comprising an inherent energy cleft at the interface between a block with pendent pentacene chromophores and an additional block with pendent tetracene chromophores. The singlet and triplet energy offset between the two blocks creates a driving force for exciton transport along the BCP chain in dilute solution. Using time-resolved optical spectroscopy, we have quantified the yields of key energy transfer steps, including both singlet and triplet energy transfer processes across the pentacene-tetracene interface. From this modular BCP architecture, we correlate the energy transfer time scales and relative yields with the length of each block. The ability to quantify these energy transfer processes provides valuable insights into exciton transport at critical length scales between bulk crystalline systems and small-molecule dimers─an area that has been underexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying He
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Lauren M Yablon
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kaia R Parenti
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kealan J Fallon
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
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5
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Gish MK, Raulerson EK, Pekarek RT, Greenaway AL, Thorley KJ, Neale NR, Anthony JE, Johnson JC. Resolving electron injection from singlet fission-borne triplets into mesoporous transparent conducting oxides. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11146-11156. [PMID: 34522312 PMCID: PMC8386672 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03253d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoinduced electron transfer into mesoporous oxide substrates is well-known to occur efficiently for both singlet and triplet excited states in conventional metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) dyes. However, in all-organic dyes that have the potential for producing two triplet states from one absorbed photon, called singlet fission dyes, the dynamics of electron injection from singlet vs. triplet excited states has not been elucidated. Using applied bias transient absorption spectroscopy with an anthradithiophene-based chromophore (ADT-COOH) adsorbed to mesoporous indium tin oxide (nanoITO), we modulate the driving force and observe changes in electron injection dynamics. ADT-COOH is known to undergo fast triplet pair formation in solid-state films. We find that the electronic coupling at the interface is roughly one order of magnitude weaker for triplet vs. singlet electron injection, which is potentially related to the highly localized nature of triplets without significant charge-transfer character. Through the use of applied bias on nanoITO:ADT-COOH films, we map the electron injection rate constant dependence on driving force, finding negligible injection from triplets at zero bias due to competing recombination channels. However, at driving forces greater than -0.6 eV, electron injection from the triplet accelerates and clearly produces a trend with increased applied bias that matches predictions from Marcus theory with a metallic acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Gish
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Pkwy CO 80401 USA
| | - Emily K Raulerson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Pkwy CO 80401 USA
| | - Ryan T Pekarek
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Pkwy CO 80401 USA
| | - Ann L Greenaway
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Pkwy CO 80401 USA
| | - Karl J Thorley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40506 USA
| | - Nathan R Neale
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Pkwy CO 80401 USA
| | - John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40506 USA
| | - Justin C Johnson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Pkwy CO 80401 USA
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6
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Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a photophysical downconversion pathway, in which a singlet excitation transforms into two triplet excited states. As such, it constitutes an exciton multiplication generation process, which is currently at the focal point for future integration into solar energy conversion devices. Beyond this, various other exciting applications were proposed, including quantum cryptography or organic light emitting diodes. Also, the mechanistic understanding evolved rapidly during the last year. Unfortunately, the number of suitable SF-chromophores is still limited. This is per se problematic, considering the wide range of envisaged applicability. With that in mind, we emphasize uncommon SF-scaffolds and outline requirements as well as strategies to expand the chromophore pool of SF-materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ullrich
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Egerlandstr. 1-3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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7
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Spatial separation of triplet excitons drives endothermic singlet fission. Nat Chem 2020; 12:391-398. [PMID: 32123340 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Molecules that undergo singlet fission, converting singlet excitons into pairs of triplet excitons, have potential as photovoltaic materials. The possible advantages of endothermic singlet fission (enhanced use of photon energy and larger triplet energies for coupling with common absorbers) motivated us to assess the role of exciton delocalization in the activation of this process. Here we report the synthesis of a series of linear perylene oligomers that undergo endothermic singlet fission and have endothermicities in the range 5-10 kBT at room temperature in solution. We study these compounds using transient spectroscopy and modelling to unravel the singlet and triplet dynamics. We show that the minimal number of coupled chromophores needed to undergo endothermic singlet fission is three, which provides sufficient statistical space for triplet excitons to separate and avoid annihilation-and a subsequent fast return to the singlet state. Our data additionally suggest that torsional motion of chromophores about the molecular axis following triplet-pair separation contributes to the increase in entropy, thus lengthening the triplet lifetime in longer oligomers.
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8
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Robb AJ, Knorr ES, Watson N, Hanson K. Metal ion linked multilayers on mesoporous substrates: Energy/electron transfer, photon upconversion, and more. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Korovina NV, Pompetti NF, Johnson JC. Lessons from intramolecular singlet fission with covalently bound chromophores. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:040904. [PMID: 32007061 DOI: 10.1063/1.5135307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular dimers, oligomers, and polymers are versatile components in photophysical and optoelectronic architectures that could impact a variety of applications. We present a perspective on such systems in the field of singlet fission, which effectively multiplies excitons and produces a unique excited state species, the triplet pair. The choice of chromophore and the nature of the attachment between units, both geometrical and chemical, play a defining role in the dynamical scheme that evolves upon photoexcitation. Specific final outcomes (e.g., separated and uncorrelated triplet pairs) are being sought through rational design of covalently bound chromophore architectures built with guidance from recent fundamental studies that correlate structure with excited state population flow kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V Korovina
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Nicholas F Pompetti
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Justin C Johnson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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10
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Slow charge transfer from pentacene triplet states at the Marcus optimum. Nat Chem 2019; 12:63-70. [PMID: 31767991 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission promises to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit for single-junction solar cell efficiency through the production of two electron-hole pairs per incident photon. However, this promise has not been fulfilled because singlet fission produces two low-energy triplet excitons that have been unexpectedly difficult to dissociate into free charges. To understand this phenomenon, we study charge separation from triplet excitons in polycrystalline pentacene using an electrochemical series of 12 different guest electron-acceptor molecules with varied reduction potentials. We observe separate optima in the charge yield as a function of driving force for singlet and triplet excitons, including inverted regimes for the dissociation of both states. Molecular acceptors can thus provide a strategic advantage to singlet fission solar cells by suppressing singlet dissociation at optimal driving forces for triplet dissociation. However, even at the optimal driving force, the rate constant for charge transfer from the triplet state is surprisingly small, ~107 s-1, presenting a previously unidentified obstacle to the design of efficient singlet fission solar cells.
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11
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Yu Y, Chien SC, Sun J, Hettiaratchy EC, Myers RC, Lin LC, Wu Y. Excimer-Mediated Intermolecular Charge Transfer in Self-Assembled Donor-Acceptor Dyes on Metal Oxides. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8727-8731. [PMID: 31095391 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
When conjugate molecules are self-assembled on the surface of semiconductors, emergent properties resulting from the electronic coupling between the conjugate moieties are of importance in the interfacial electron-transfer dynamics for photoelectrochemical and optoelectronics devices. In this work, we investigate the self-assembly of triphenylamine-oligothiophene-perylenemonoimide (PMI) molecules, denoted as BH4, on metal oxide surfaces via UV-vis absorption, photoluminescence, and transient near-infrared absorption spectroscopies and molecular dynamics simulations, and we report the excimer formation due to the π-π interaction of the PMI units between the neighboring dye molecules. To our best knowledge, this is the first experimental observation of intermolecular excimer formation when conjugate donor-acceptor molecules form a self-assembled monolayer. In addition, a long-lived (4.3 μs) intermolecular charge separation is observed, and a new excimer-mediated intermolecular charger-transfer mechanism is proposed. This work demonstrates that, through the design of dye molecules, the excited complexes or aggregates can provide a pathway to slow down the recombination rate in photoelectrodes that utilize donor-acceptor dyad molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongze Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Szu-Chia Chien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Jiaonan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Elline C Hettiaratchy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Roberto C Myers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Li-Chiang Lin
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Yiying Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
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12
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Kunzmann A, Gruber M, Casillas R, Zirzlmeier J, Stanzel M, Peukert W, Tykwinski RR, Guldi DM. Singulettspaltung für Photovoltaikanwendungen mit Injektionseffizienzen von bis zu 130 %. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kunzmann
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie &, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Marco Gruber
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie &, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Rubén Casillas
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie &, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Johannes Zirzlmeier
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie &, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Melanie Stanzel
- Lehrstuhl für Feststoff- und Grenzflächenverfahrenstechnik &, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Funktionale PartikelsystemeFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstraße 4 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Lehrstuhl für Feststoff- und Grenzflächenverfahrenstechnik &, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Funktionale PartikelsystemeFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Cauerstraße 4 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie &, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie &, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Molekulare MaterialienFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
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13
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Kunzmann A, Gruber M, Casillas R, Zirzlmeier J, Stanzel M, Peukert W, Tykwinski RR, Guldi DM. Singlet Fission for Photovoltaics with 130 % Injection Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10742-10747. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kunzmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Marco Gruber
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rubén Casillas
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Johannes Zirzlmeier
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Melanie Stanzel
- Institute of Particle Technology & Interdisciplinary Center of Functional Particle SystemsFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstrasse 4 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology & Interdisciplinary Center of Functional Particle SystemsFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstrasse 4 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
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14
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Korovina NV, Joy J, Feng X, Feltenberger C, Krylov AI, Bradforth SE, Thompson ME. Linker-Dependent Singlet Fission in Tetracene Dimers. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10179-10190. [PMID: 30016102 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Separation of triplet excitons produced by singlet fission is crucial for efficient application of singlet fission materials. While earlier works explored the first step of singlet fission, the formation of the correlated triplet pair state, the focus of recent studies has been on understanding the second step of singlet fission, the formation of independent triplets from the correlated pair state. We present the synthesis and excited-state dynamics of meta- and para-bis(ethynyltetracenyl)benzene dimers that are analogues to the ortho-bis(ethynyltetracenyl)benzene dimer reported by our groups previously. A comparison of the excited-state properties of these dimers allows us to investigate the effects of electronic conjugation and coupling on singlet fission between the ethynyltetracene units within a dimer. In the para isomer, in which the two chromophores are conjugated, the singlet exciton yields the correlated triplet pair state, from which the triplet excitons can decouple via molecular rotations. In contrast, the meta isomer in which the two chromophores are cross-coupled predominantly relaxes via radiative decay. We also report the synthesis and excited-state dynamics of two para dimers with different bridging units joining the ethynyltetracenes. The rate of singlet fission is found to be faster in the dimer with the bridging unit that has orbitals closer in energy to that of the ethynyltetracene chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V Korovina
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Jimmy Joy
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Xintian Feng
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Cassidy Feltenberger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Stephen E Bradforth
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Mark E Thompson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
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15
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Abstract
Singlet fission is a photophysical reaction in which a singlet excited electronic state splits into two spin-triplet states. Singlet fission was discovered more than 50 years ago, but the interest in this process has gained a lot of momentum in the past decade due to its potential as a way to boost solar cell efficiencies. This review presents and discusses the most recent advances with respect to the theoretical and computational studies on the singlet fission phenomenon. The work revisits important aspects regarding electronic states involved in the process, the evaluation of fission rates and interstate couplings, the study of the excited state dynamics in singlet fission, and the advances in the design and characterization of singlet fission compounds and materials such as molecular dimers, polymers, or extended structures. Finally, the review tries to pinpoint some aspects that need further improvement and proposes future lines of research for theoretical and computational chemists and physicists in order to further push the understanding and applicability of singlet fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Casanova
- Kimika Fakultatea , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia , Euskadi, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque, Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Euskadi, Spain
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Pace NA, Arias DH, Granger DB, Christensen S, Anthony JE, Johnson JC. Dynamics of singlet fission and electron injection in self-assembled acene monolayers on titanium dioxide. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3004-3013. [PMID: 29732084 PMCID: PMC5915837 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04688j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We employ a combination of linear spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and transient absorption spectroscopy to characterize the interplay between electron transfer and singlet fission dynamics in polyacene-based dyes attached to nanostructured TiO2. For triisopropyl silylethynyl (TIPS)-pentacene, we find that the singlet fission time constant increases to 6.5 ps on a nanostructured TiO2 surface relative to a thin film time constant of 150 fs, and that triplets do not dissociate after they are formed. In contrast, TIPS-tetracene singlets quickly dissociate in 2 ps at the molecule/TiO2 interface, and this dissociation outcompetes the relatively slow singlet fission process. The addition of an alumina layer slows down electron injection, allowing the formation of triplets from singlet fission in 40 ps. However, the triplets do not inject electrons, which is likely due to a lack of sufficient driving force for triplet dissociation. These results point to the critical balance required between efficient singlet fission and appropriate energetics for interfacial charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Pace
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , CO 80401 , USA .
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO 80309 , USA
| | - Dylan H Arias
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , CO 80401 , USA .
| | - Devin B Granger
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY 40506 , USA
| | | | - John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY 40506 , USA
| | - Justin C Johnson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , CO 80401 , USA .
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17
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Japahuge A, Zeng T. Theoretical Studies of Singlet Fission: Searching for Materials and Exploring Mechanisms. Chempluschem 2018; 83:146-182. [PMID: 31957288 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this Review article, a survey is given for theoretical studies in the subject of singlet fission. Singlet fission converts one singlet exciton to two triplet excitons. With the doubled number of excitons and the longer lifetime of the triplets, singlet fission provides an avenue to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency in organic photovoltaic devices. It has been a subject of intense research in the past decade. Theoretical studies play an essential role in understanding singlet fission. This article presents a Review of theoretical studies in singlet fission since 2006, the year when the research interest in this subject was reignited. Both electronic structure and dynamics studies are covered. Electronic structure studies provide guidelines for designing singlet fission chromophores and insights into the couplings between single- and multi-excitonic states. The latter provides fundamental knowledge for engineering interchromophore conformations to enhance the fission efficiency. Dynamics studies reveal the importance of vibronic couplings in singlet fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achini Japahuge
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S5B6, Canada
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S5B6, Canada
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18
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Kroupa DM, Arias DH, Blackburn JL, Carroll GM, Granger DB, Anthony JE, Beard MC, Johnson JC. Control of Energy Flow Dynamics between Tetracene Ligands and PbS Quantum Dots by Size Tuning and Ligand Coverage. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:865-873. [PMID: 29364676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have prepared a series of samples with the ligand 6,13-bistri(iso-propyl)silylethynyl tetracene 2-carboxylic acid (TIPS-Tc-COOH) attached to PbS quantum dot (QD) samples of three different sizes in order to monitor and control the extent and time scales of energy flow after photoexcitation. Fast energy transfer (∼1 ps) to the PbS QD occurs upon direct excitation of the ligand for all samples. The largest size QD maintains the microsecond exciton lifetime characteristic of the as-prepared oleate terminated PbS QDs. However, two smaller QD sizes with lowest exciton energies similar to or larger than the TIPS-Tc-COO- triplet energy undergo energy transfer between QD core and ligand triplet on nanosecond to microsecond timescales. For the intermediate size QDs in particular, energy can be recycled many times between ligand and core, but the triplet remains the dominant excited species at long times, living for ∼3 μs for fully exchanged QDs and up to 30 μs for partial ligand exchange, which is revealed as a method for controlling the triplet lifetime. A unique upconverted luminescence spectrum is observed that results from annihilation of triplets after exclusive excitation of the QD core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Kroupa
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Dylan H Arias
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Blackburn
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Gerard M Carroll
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Devin B Granger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - John E Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Matthew C Beard
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Justin C Johnson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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19
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Wang JC, Hill SP, Dilbeck T, Ogunsolu OO, Banerjee T, Hanson K. Multimolecular assemblies on high surface area metal oxides and their role in interfacial energy and electron transfer. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:104-148. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00565b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
High surface area metal oxides offer a unique substrate for the assembly of multiple molecular components at an interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie C. Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Sean P. Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | - Tristan Dilbeck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
| | | | - Tanmay Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- USA
- Materials Science and Engineering
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20
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Pace NA, Zhang W, Arias DH, McCulloch I, Rumbles G, Johnson JC. Controlling Long-Lived Triplet Generation from Intramolecular Singlet Fission in the Solid State. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:6086-6091. [PMID: 29190427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The conjugated polymer poly(benzothiophene dioxide) (PBTDO1) has recently been shown to exhibit efficient intramolecular singlet fission in solution. We investigate the role of intermolecular interactions in triplet separation dynamics after singlet fission. We use transient absorption spectroscopy to determine the singlet fission rate and triplet yield in two polymers differing only by side-chain motif in both solution and the solid state. Whereas solid-state films show singlet fission rates identical to those measured in solution, the average lifetime of the triplet population increases dramatically and is strongly dependent on side-chain identity. These results show that it may be necessary to carefully engineer the solid-state microstructure of these "singlet fission polymers" to produce the long-lived triplets needed to realize efficient photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Pace
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Center for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan H Arias
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Center for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- KSC, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Garry Rumbles
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Justin C Johnson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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21
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Cook JD, Carey TJ, Arias DH, Johnson JC, Damrauer NH. Solvent-Controlled Branching of Localized versus Delocalized Singlet Exciton States and Equilibration with Charge Transfer in a Structurally Well-Defined Tetracene Dimer. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9229-9242. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper D. Cook
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Thomas J. Carey
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Dylan H. Arias
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Justin C. Johnson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Niels H. Damrauer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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22
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Dron PI, Michl J, Johnson JC. Singlet Fission and Excimer Formation in Disordered Solids of Alkyl-Substituted 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofurans. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8596-8603. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b07362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul I. Dron
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Josef Michl
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Justin C. Johnson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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23
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Johnson JC, Michl J. 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran: a Model Chromophore for Singlet Fission. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:80. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Ponseca CS, Chábera P, Uhlig J, Persson P, Sundström V. Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Solar Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10940-11024. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlito S. Ponseca
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
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25
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Waghmare MA, Naushad M, Alothman ZA, Ubale AU, Pathan HM. Zirconium oxide films: deposition techniques and their applications in dye-sensitized solar cells. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Cook JD, Carey TJ, Damrauer NH. Solution-Phase Singlet Fission in a Structurally Well-Defined Norbornyl-Bridged Tetracene Dimer. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:4473-81. [PMID: 27291516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b04367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of a norbornyl-bridged covalent tetracene (Tc) dimer BT1 and a monomer analogue Tc-e were studied in room-temperature nonpolar solvents. Notably in BT1, a Davydov-split band is observed in UV absorption, heralding interchromophore electronic interactions. Emission spectra indicate an acene-like vibronic progression mirroring the lowest-energy visible absorption. For BT1, this argues against excited-state excimer formation. Evidence of intramolecular singlet fission (SF) comes from a comparison of time-resolved emission decay signals collected for BT1 versus Tc-e in toluene. In BT1, the multiexcitonic (1)TT state is produced in 70 ns in 6% yield. A ratio of fission versus fusion rate constants provides an experimental measure of the SF reaction free energy at 52 meV in good agreement with previous calculations. The low SF yield corroborates our expectations that orbital symmetry effects on diabatic coupling for SF are important for dimers that cannot rely on more favorable thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper D Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Thomas J Carey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Niels H Damrauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder Colorado 80309, United States
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27
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Novel dyes of branched chain polymeric metal complexes based on cyclopentadithiophene derivatives: synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic performance for dye-sensitized solar cells. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Kato D, Sakai H, Tkachenko NV, Hasobe T. High-Yield Excited Triplet States in Pentacene Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold Nanoparticles through Singlet Exciton Fission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kato
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Nikolai V. Tkachenko
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; P.O. Box 541 33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
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29
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Kato D, Sakai H, Tkachenko NV, Hasobe T. High-Yield Excited Triplet States in Pentacene Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold Nanoparticles through Singlet Exciton Fission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5230-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kato
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Nikolai V. Tkachenko
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering; Tampere University of Technology; P.O. Box 541 33101 Tampere Finland
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; Yokohama Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
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30
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Shen T, Tian J, Lv L, Fei C, Wang Y, Pullerits T, Cao G. Investigation of the role of Mn dopant in CdS quantum dot sensitized solar cell. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Arias DH, Ryerson JL, Cook JD, Damrauer NH, Johnson JC. Polymorphism influences singlet fission rates in tetracene thin films. Chem Sci 2015; 7:1185-1191. [PMID: 29910873 PMCID: PMC5975788 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03535j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the effect of crystal structure and crystallite grain size on singlet fission (SF) in polycrystalline tetracene, one of the most widely studied SF and organic semiconductor materials. SF has been comprehensively studied in one polymoprh (Tc I), but not in the other, less stable polymorph (Tc II). Using carefully controlled thermal evaporation deposition conditions and high sensitivity ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, we found that for large crystallite size samples, SF in nearly pure Tc II films is significantly faster than SF in Tc I films. We also discovered that crystallite size has a minimal impact on the SF rate in Tc II films, but a significant influence in Tc I films. Large crystallites exhibit SF times of 125 ps and 22 ps in Tc I and Tc II, respectively, whereas small crystallites have SF times of 31 ps and 33 ps. Our results demonstrate first, that attention must be paid to polymorphism in obtaining a self-consistent rate picture for SF in tetracene and second, that control of polymorphism can play a significant role towards achieving a mechanistic understanding of SF in polycrystalline systems. In this latter context we show that conventional theory based on non-covalent tetracene couplings is insufficient, thus highlighting the need for models that capture the delocalized and highly mobile nature of excited states in elucidating the full photophysical picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan H Arias
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , USA . .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , USA .
| | - Joseph L Ryerson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , USA . .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , USA .
| | - Jasper D Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , USA .
| | - Niels H Damrauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , USA .
| | - Justin C Johnson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , USA .
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32
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Tayebjee MJY, McCamey DR, Schmidt TW. Beyond Shockley-Queisser: Molecular Approaches to High-Efficiency Photovoltaics. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2367-78. [PMID: 26266619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Molecular materials afford abundant flexibility in the tunability of physical and electronic properties. As such, they are ideally suited to engineering low-cost, flexible, light-harvesting materials that break away from the single-threshold paradigm. Single-threshold solar cells are capable of harvesting a maximum of 33.7% of incident sunlight, whereas two-threshold cells are capable of energy harvesting efficiencies exceeding 45%. In this Perspective, we provide the theoretical background with which upper efficiency limits for various multiple-threshold solar cell architectures may be calculated and review and discuss various reports that employ processes such as triplet-triplet annihilation and singlet fission in multiple-threshold devices comprised of molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad J Y Tayebjee
- †School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, ‡School of Physics, and ¶School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Dane R McCamey
- †School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, ‡School of Physics, and ¶School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Timothy W Schmidt
- †School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, ‡School of Physics, and ¶School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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33
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Strong SE, Eaves JD. Tetracene Aggregation on Polar and Nonpolar Surfaces: Implications for Singlet Fission. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:1209-1215. [PMID: 26262973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In molecular crystals that exhibit singlet fission, quantum yields depend strongly on intermolecular configurations that control the relevant electronic couplings. Here, we explore how noncovalent interactions between molecules and surfaces stabilize intermolecular structures with strong singlet fission couplings. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we studied the aggregation patterns of tetracene molecules on a solid surface as a function of surface polarity. Even at low surface concentrations, tetracene self-assembled into nanocrystallites where about 10-20% of the clustered molecules were part of at least one herringbone structure. The herringbone structure is the native structure of crystalline tetracene, which exhibits a high singlet fission quantum yield. Increasing the polarity of the surface reduced both the amount of clustering and the relative number of herringbone configurations, but only when the dipoles on the surface were orientationally disordered. These results have implications for the application of singlet fission in dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Strong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Joel D Eaves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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