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Homburg SV, Patel AV. Silica Hydrogels as Entrapment Material for Microalgae. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071391. [PMID: 35406264 PMCID: PMC9002651 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being a promising feedstock for food, feed, chemicals, and biofuels, microalgal production processes are still uneconomical due to slow growth rates, costly media, problematic downstreaming processes, and rather low cell densities. Immobilization via entrapment constitutes a promising tool to overcome these drawbacks of microalgal production and enables continuous processes with protection against shear forces and contaminations. In contrast to biopolymer gels, inorganic silica hydrogels are highly transparent and chemically, mechanically, thermally, and biologically stable. Since the first report on entrapment of living cells in silica hydrogels in 1989, efforts were made to increase the biocompatibility by omitting organic solvents during hydrolysis, removing toxic by-products, and replacing detrimental mineral acids or bases for pH adjustment. Furthermore, methods were developed to decrease the stiffness in order to enable proliferation of entrapped cells. This review aims to provide an overview of studied entrapment methods in silica hydrogels, specifically for rather sensitive microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vanessa Homburg
- WG Fermentation and Formulation of Biologicals and Chemicals, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anant V Patel
- WG Fermentation and Formulation of Biologicals and Chemicals, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, Interaktion 1, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
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2
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Impact of hydrophilic polymers in organosilica matrices on structure, stability, and biocatalytic activity of immobilized methylotrophic yeast used as biofilter bed. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 150:109879. [PMID: 34489032 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The impact of hydrophilic polymers in an organosilica matrix on the features and performance of immobilized methylotrophic yeast cells used as biocatalysts was investigated and described. Yeast cells were immobilized in a matrix made of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) by one-step sol-gel route of synthesis in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Organosilica shells were spontaneously built around cells as a result of yeast immobilization at a TEOS to MTES ratio of 85/15 vol% and hydrophilic polymer (PEG or PVA). As a structure-directing agent, PVA produces organosilica films. Stable high-performance biocatalysts active for one year, if stored at -18 °C, have been obtained by entrapment of methylotrophic yeast cells. A trickling biofilter with and without active aeration was designed using entrapped yeast cells to treat methanol polluted wastewater. A biofilter model with active aeration could halve methanol input thus demonstrating better performance compared to treatment without active aeration.
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3
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Roy P, Sengupta N. Hydration of a small protein under carbon nanotube confinement: Adsorbed substates induce selective separation of the dynamical response. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:204702. [PMID: 34241160 DOI: 10.1063/5.0047078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-involvement of biological molecules and nanomaterials has increasingly come to the fore in modern-day applications. While the "bio-nano" (BN) interface presents physico-chemical characteristics that are manifestly different from those observed in isotropic bulk conditions, the underlying molecular reasons remain little understood; this is especially true of anomalies in interfacial hydration. In this paper, we leverage atomistic simulations to study differential adsorption characteristics of a small protein on the inner (concave) surface of a single-walled carbon nanotube whose diameter exceeds dimensions conducive to single-file water movement. Our findings indicate that the extent of adsorption is decided by the degree of foldedness of the protein conformational substate. Importantly, we find that partially folded substates, but not the natively folded one, induce reorganization of the protein hydration layer into an inner layer water closer to the nanotube axis and an outer layer water in the interstitial space near the nanotube walls. Further analyses reveal sharp dynamical differences between water molecules in the two layers as observed in the onset of increased heterogeneity in rotational relaxation and the enhanced deviation from Fickian behavior. The vibrational density of states reveals that the dynamical distinctions are correlated with differences in crucial bands in the power spectra. The current results set the stage for further systematic studies of various BN interfaces vis-à-vis control of hydration properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Neelanjana Sengupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
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4
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Lei Q, Guo J, Kong F, Cao J, Wang L, Zhu W, Brinker CJ. Bioinspired Cell Silicification: From Extracellular to Intracellular. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6305-6322. [PMID: 33826324 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In nature, biosilicification directs the formation of elaborate amorphous silica exoskeletons that provide diatoms mechanically strong, chemically inert, non-decomposable silica armor conferring chemical and thermal stability as well as resistance to microbial attack, without changing the optical transparency or adversely effecting nutrient and waste exchange required for growth. These extraordinary silica/cell biocomposites have inspired decades of biomimetic research aimed at replication of diatoms' hierarchically organized exoskeletons, immobilization of cells or living organisms within silica matrices and coatings to protect them against harmful external stresses, genetic re-programming of cellular functions by virtue of physico-chemical confinement within silica, cellular integration into devices, and endowment of cells with non-native, abiotic properties through facile silica functionalization. In this Perspective, we focus our discussions on the development and concomitant challenges of bioinspired cell silicification ranging from "cells encapsulated within 3D silica matrices" and "cells encapsulated within 2D silica shells" to extra- and intracellular silica replication, wherein all biomolecular interfaces are encased within nanoscopic layers of amorphous silica. We highlight notable examples of advances in the science and technology of biosilicification and consider challenges to advancing the field, where we propose cellular "mineralization" with arbitrary nanoparticle exoskeletons as a generalizable means to impart limitless abiotic properties and functions to cells, and, based on the interchangeability of water and silicic acid and analogies between amorphous ice and amorphous silica, we consider "freezing" cells within amorphous silica as an alternative to cryo-preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lei
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jimin Guo
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Fanhui Kong
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiangfan Cao
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Wei Zhu
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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5
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Zhao C, Tian S, Liu Q, Xiu K, Lei I, Wang Z, Ma PX. Biodegradable nanofibrous temperature-responsive gelling microspheres for heart regeneration. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020. [PMID: 33071711 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (heart attack) is the number one killer of heart patients. Existing treatments for heart attack do not address the underlying problem of cardiomyocyte (CM) loss and cannot regenerate the myocardium. Introducing exogenous cardiac cells is required for heart regeneration due to the lack of resident progenitor cells and very limited proliferative potential of adult CMs. Poor retention of transplanted cells is the critical bottleneck of heart regeneration. Here, we report the invention of a poly(l-lactic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) copolymer and its self-assembly into nanofibrous gelling microspheres (NF-GMS). The NF-GMS undergo thermally responsive transition to form not only a 3D hydrogel after injection in vivo, but also exhibit architectural and structural characteristics mimicking the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of nanofibrous proteins and gelling proteoglycans or polysaccharides. By integrating the ECM-mimicking features, injectable form, and the capability of maintaining 3D geometry after injection, the transplantation of hESC-derived CMs carried by NF-GMS led to a striking 10-fold graft size increase over direct CM injection in an infarcted rat model, which is the highest reported engraftment to date. Furthermore, NF-GMS carried CM transplantation dramatically reduced infarct size, enhanced integration of transplanted CMs, stimulated vascularization in the infarct zone, and led to a substantial recovery of cardiac function. The NF-GMS may also serve as advanced injectable and integrative biomaterials for cell/biomolecule delivery in a variety of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Shuo Tian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Qihai Liu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kemao Xiu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ienglam Lei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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6
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Qu G, Xia T, Zhou W, Zhang X, Zhang H, Hu L, Shi J, Yu XF, Jiang G. Property-Activity Relationship of Black Phosphorus at the Nano-Bio Interface: From Molecules to Organisms. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2288-2346. [PMID: 31971371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a novel member of the two-dimensional nanomaterial family, mono- or few-layer black phosphorus (BP) with direct bandgap and high charge carrier mobility is promising in many applications such as microelectronic devices, photoelectronic devices, energy technologies, and catalysis agents. Due to its benign elemental composition (phosphorus), large surface area, electronic/photonic performances, and chemical/biological activities, BP has also demonstrated a great potential in biomedical applications including biosensing, photothermal/photodynamic therapies, controlled drug releases, and antibacterial uses. The nature of the BP-bio interface is comprised of dynamic contacts between nanomaterials (NMs) and biological systems, where BP and the biological system interact. The physicochemical interactions at the nano-bio interface play a critical role in the biological effects of NMs. In this review, we discuss the interface in the context of BP as a nanomaterial and its unique physicochemical properties that may affect its biological effects. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed the recent studies on the interactions between BP and biomolecules, cells, and animals and summarized various cellular responses, inflammatory/immunological effects, as well as other biological outcomes of BP depending on its own physical properties, exposure routes, and biodistribution. In addition, we also discussed the environmental behaviors and potential risks on environmental organisms of BP. Based on accumulating knowledge on the BP-bio interfaces, this review also summarizes various safer-by-design strategies to change the physicochemical properties including chemical stability and nano-bio interactions, which are critical in tuning the biological behaviors of BP. The better understanding of the biological activity of BP at BP-bio interfaces and corresponding methods to overcome the challenges would promote its future exploration in terms of bringing this new nanomaterial to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 , Beijing , P.R. China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS , Hangzhou 310000 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine , University of California Los Angeles California 90095 , United States
| | - Wenhua Zhou
- Materials Interfaces Center , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Materials Interfaces Center , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Environment , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310032 , China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 , Beijing , P.R. China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS , Hangzhou 310000 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 , Beijing , P.R. China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS , Hangzhou 310000 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Materials Interfaces Center , Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , P.R. China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 , Beijing , P.R. China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , China.,Institute of Environment and Health , Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS , Hangzhou 310000 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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7
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Chang H, Gnanasekaran K, Gianneschi NC, Geiger FM. Bacterial Model Membranes Deform (resp. Persist) upon Ni2+ Binding to Inner Core (resp. O-Antigen) of Lipopolysaccharides. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:4258-4270. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HanByul Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Karthikeyan Gnanasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Franz M. Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60660, United States
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8
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Feng Y, Li X, Guo S, Chen X, Chen T, He Y, Shabala S, Yu M. Extracellular silica nanocoat formed by layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly confers aluminum resistance in root border cells of pea (Pisum sativum). J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:53. [PMID: 30992069 PMCID: PMC6466759 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil acidity (and associated Al toxicity) is a major factor limiting crop production worldwide and threatening global food security. Electrostatic layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly provides a convenient and versatile method to form an extracellular silica nanocoat, which possess the ability to protect cell from the damage of physical stress or toxic substances. In this work, we have tested a hypothesis that extracellular silica nanocoat formed by LBL self-assembly will protect root border cells (RBCs) and enhance their resistance to Al toxicity. RESULTS Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to compare the properties of RBCs surface coated with nanoshells with those that were exposed to Al without coating. The accumulation of Al, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and the activity of mitochondria were detected by a laser-scanning confocal microscopy. We found that a crystal-like layer of silica nanoparticles on the surface of RBCs functions as an extracellular Al-proof coat by immobilizing Al in the apoplast and preventing its accumulation in the cytosol. The silica nanoshells on the RBCs had a positive impact on maintaining the integrity of the plasma and mitochondrial membranes, preventing ROS burst and ensuring higher mitochondria activity and cell viability under Al toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The study provides evidence that silica nanoshells confers RBCs Al resistance by restraining of Al in the silica-coat, suggesting that this method can be used an efficient tool to prevent multibillion-dollar losses caused by Al toxicity to agricultural crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingming Feng
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoxue Guo
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingyun Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingxuan Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongming He
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Johnston RK, Harper JC, Tartis MS. Control over Silica Particle Growth and Particle-Biomolecule Interactions Facilitates Silica Encapsulation of Mammalian Cells with Thickness Control. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2098-2109. [PMID: 29202010 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last twenty years, many strategies utilizing sol-gel chemistry to integrate biological cells into silica-based materials have been reported. One such strategy, Sol-Generating Chemical Vapor into Liquid (SG-CViL) deposition, shows promise as an efficient encapsulation technique due to the ability to vary the silica encapsulation morphology obtained by this process through variation of SG-CViL reaction conditions. In this report, we develop SG-CViL as a tunable, multi-purpose silica encapsulation strategy by investigating the mechanisms governing both silica particle generation and subsequent interaction with phospholipid assemblies (liposomes and living cells). Using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements, linear and exponential silica particle growth dynamics were observed which were dependent on deposition buffer ion constituents and ion concentration. Silica particle growth followed a cluster-cluster growth mechanism at acidic pH, and a monomer-cluster growth mechanism at neutral to basic pH. Increasing silica sol aging temperature resulted in higher rates of particle growth and larger particles. DLS measurements employing PEG coated liposomes and cationic liposomes, serving as model phospholipid assemblies, revealed electrostatic interactions promote more stable liposome-silica interactions than hydrogen bonding and facilitate silica coating on suspension cells. However, continued silica reactivity leads to aggregation of silica coated suspensions cells, revealing the need for cell isolation to tune deposited silica thickness. Utilizing these mechanistic study insights, silica was deposited onto adherent HeLa cells under biocompatible conditions with micron scale control over silica thickness, minimal cell manipulation steps, and retained cell viability over several days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Johnston
- Department of Materials Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
| | - Jason C Harper
- Sandia National Laboratories, Bioenergy and Biodefense Technologies, Albuquerque New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Michaelann S Tartis
- Department of Materials Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States.,Department of Biology, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Pl, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
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10
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Fazal Z, Pelowitz J, Johnson PE, Harper JC, Brinker CJ, Jakobsson E. Three-Dimensional Encapsulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Silicate Matrices Creates Distinct Metabolic States as Revealed by Gene Chip Analysis. ACS NANO 2017; 11:3560-3575. [PMID: 28287261 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to design hybrid cellular/synthetic devices such as sensors and vaccines, it is important to understand how the metabolic state of living cells changes upon physical confinement within three-dimensional (3D) matrices. We analyze the gene expression patterns of stationary phase Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) cells encapsulated within three distinct nanostructured silica matrices and relate those patterns to known naturally occurring metabolic states. Silica encapsulation methods employed were lipid-templated mesophase silica thin films formed by cell-directed assembly (CDA), lipid-templated mesophase silica particles formed by spray drying (SD), and glycerol-doped silica gel monoliths prepared from an aqueous silicate (AqS+g) precursor solution. It was found that the cells for all three-encapsulated methods enter quiescent states characteristic of response to stress, albeit to different degrees and with differences in detail. By the measure of enrichment of stress-related gene ontology categories, we find that the AqS+g encapsulation is more amenable to the cells than CDA and SD encapsulation. We hypothesize that this differential response in the AqS+g encapsulation is related to four properties of the encapsulating gel: (1) oxygen permeability, (2) relative softness of the material, (3) development of a protective sheath around individual cells (visible in TEM micrographs vide infra), and (4) the presence of glycerol in the gel, which has been previously noted to serve as a protectant for encapsulated cells and can serve as the sole carbon source for S. cerevisiae under aerobic conditions. This work represents a combination of experiment and analysis aimed at the design and development of 3D encapsulation procedures to induce, and perhaps control, well-defined physiological behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Fazal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
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11
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Pospíšilová M, Kuncová G, Trögl J. Fiber-Optic Chemical Sensors and Fiber-Optic Bio-Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 15:25208-59. [PMID: 26437407 PMCID: PMC4634516 DOI: 10.3390/s151025208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes principles and current stage of development of fiber-optic chemical sensors (FOCS) and biosensors (FOBS). Fiber optic sensor (FOS) systems use the ability of optical fibers (OF) to guide the light in the spectral range from ultraviolet (UV) (180 nm) up to middle infrared (IR) (10 μm) and modulation of guided light by the parameters of the surrounding environment of the OF core. The introduction of OF in the sensor systems has brought advantages such as measurement in flammable and explosive environments, immunity to electrical noises, miniaturization, geometrical flexibility, measurement of small sample volumes, remote sensing in inaccessible sites or harsh environments and multi-sensing. The review comprises briefly the theory of OF elaborated for sensors, techniques of fabrications and analytical results reached with fiber-optic chemical and biological sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pospíšilová
- Czech Technical University, Faculty of Biomedical Engeneering, Nám. Sítná 3105, 27201 Kladno, Czech Republic.
| | - Gabriela Kuncová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, ASCR, Rozvojová 135, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Trögl
- Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, KrálovaVýšina 3132/7, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.
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12
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Lou YR, Kanninen L, Kaehr B, Townson JL, Niklander J, Harjumäki R, Jeffrey Brinker C, Yliperttula M. Silica bioreplication preserves three-dimensional spheroid structures of human pluripotent stem cells and HepG2 cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13635. [PMID: 26323570 PMCID: PMC4555166 DOI: 10.1038/srep13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures produce more in vivo-like multicellular structures such as spheroids that cannot be obtained in two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Thus, they are increasingly employed as models for cancer and drug research, as well as tissue engineering. It has proven challenging to stabilize spheroid architectures for detailed morphological examination. Here we overcome this issue using a silica bioreplication (SBR) process employed on spheroids formed from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells cultured in the nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) hydrogel. The cells in the spheroids are more round and tightly interacting with each other than those in 2D cultures, and they develop microvilli-like structures on the cell membranes as seen in 2D cultures. Furthermore, SBR preserves extracellular matrix-like materials and cellular proteins. These findings provide the first evidence of intact hPSC spheroid architectures and similar fine structures to 2D-cultured cells, providing a pathway to enable our understanding of morphogenesis in 3D cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Lou
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Liisa Kanninen
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Bryan Kaehr
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Jason L Townson
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.,Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Johanna Niklander
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Riina Harjumäki
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, the University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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Johnson PE, Muttil P, MacKenzie D, Carnes EC, Pelowitz J, Mara NA, Mook WM, Jett SD, Dunphy DR, Timmins GS, Brinker CJ. Spray-Dried Multiscale Nano-biocomposites Containing Living Cells. ACS NANO 2015; 9:6961-77. [PMID: 26083188 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional encapsulation of cells within nanostructured silica gels or matrices enables applications as diverse as biosensors, microbial fuel cells, artificial organs, and vaccines; it also allows the study of individual cell behaviors. Recent progress has improved the performance and flexibility of cellular encapsulation, yet there remains a need for robust scalable processes. Here, we report a spray-drying process enabling the large-scale production of functional nano-biocomposites (NBCs) containing living cells within ordered 3D lipid-silica nanostructures. The spray-drying process is demonstrated to work with multiple cell types and results in dry powders exhibiting a unique combination of properties including highly ordered 3D nanostructure, extended lipid fluidity, tunable macromorphologies and aerodynamic diameters, and unexpectedly high physical strength. Nanoindentation of the encasing nanostructure revealed a Young's modulus and hardness of 13 and 1.4 GPa, respectively. We hypothesized this high strength would prevent cell growth and force bacteria into viable but not culturable (VBNC) states. In concordance with the VBNC state, cellular ATP levels remained elevated even over eight months. However, their ability to undergo resuscitation and enter growth phase greatly decreased with time in the VBNC state. A quantitative method of determining resuscitation frequencies was developed and showed that, after 36 weeks in a NBC-induced VBNC, less than 1 in 10,000 cells underwent resuscitation. The NBC platform production of large quantities of VBNC cells is of interest for research in bacterial persistence and screening of drugs targeting such cells. NBCs may also enable long-term preservation of living cells for applications in cell-based sensing and the packaging and delivery of live-cell vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric C Carnes
- #Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jennifer Pelowitz
- #Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- #Advanced Materials Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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14
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Wang P, Wang X, Wang L, Hou X, Liu W, Chen C. Interaction of gold nanoparticles with proteins and cells. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2015; 16:034610. [PMID: 27877797 PMCID: PMC5099834 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/16/3/034610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) possess many advantages such as facile synthesis, controllable size and shape, good biocompatibility, and unique optical properties. Au NPs have been widely used in biomedical fields, such as hyperthermia, biocatalysis, imaging, and drug delivery. The broad application range may result in hazards to the environment and human health. Therefore, it is important to predict safety and evaluate therapeutic efficiency of Au NPs. It is necessary to establish proper approaches for the study of toxicity and biomedical effects. In this review, we first focus on the recent progress in biological effects of Au NPs at the molecular and cellular levels, and then introduce key techniques to study the interaction between Au NPs and proteins. Knowledge of the biomedical effects of Au NPs is significant for the rational design of functional nanomaterials and will help predict their safety and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyang Wang
- School of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Wang
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Hou
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Wahid MH, Eroglu E, LaVars SM, Newton K, Gibson CT, Stroeher UH, Chen X, Boulos RA, Raston CL, Harmer SL. Microencapsulation of bacterial strains in graphene oxide nano-sheets using vortex fluidics. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04415d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microencapsulation of bacterial cells with different shapes in graphene oxide (GO) layers is effective using a vortex fluidic device, with the bacterial cells showing restricted cellular growth with their biological activity sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Haniff Wahid
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Flinders University
- Australia
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Ela Eroglu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology
- The University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - Sian M. LaVars
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Flinders University
- Australia
| | - Kelly Newton
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Flinders University
- Australia
| | - Christopher T. Gibson
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Flinders University
- Australia
| | | | - Xianjue Chen
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Flinders University
- Australia
| | - Ramiz A. Boulos
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Flinders University
- Australia
| | - Colin L. Raston
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Flinders University
- Australia
| | - Sarah-L. Harmer
- Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Flinders University
- Australia
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16
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Pannier A, Soltmann U, Soltmann B, Altenburger R, Schmitt-Jansen M. Alginate/silica hybrid materials for immobilization of green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris for cell-based sensor arrays. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:7896-7909. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00944d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bell IR, Sarter B, Koithan M, Banerji P, Banerji P, Jain S, Ives J. Integrative nanomedicine: treating cancer with nanoscale natural products. Glob Adv Health Med 2014; 3:36-53. [PMID: 24753994 PMCID: PMC3921611 DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2013.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding safer and more effective treatments for specific cancers remains a significant challenge for integrative clinicians and researchers worldwide. One emerging strategy is the use of nanostructured forms of drugs, vaccines, traditional animal venoms, herbs, and nutraceutical agents in cancer treatment. The recent discovery of nanoparticles in traditional homeopathic medicines adds another point of convergence between modern nanomedicine and alternative interventional strategies. A way in which homeopathic remedies could initiate anticancer effects includes cell-to-cell signaling actions of both exogenous and endogenous (exosome) nanoparticles. The result can be a cascade of modulatory biological events with antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. The Banerji Protocols reflect a multigenerational clinical system developed by homeopathic physicians in India who have treated thousands of patients with cancer. A number of homeopathic remedy sources from the Banerji Protocols (eg, Calcarea phosphorica; Carcinosin-tumor-derived breast cancer tissue prepared homeopathically) overlap those already under study in nonhomeopathic nanoparticle and nanovesicle tumor exosome cancer vaccine research. Past research on antineoplastic effects of nano forms of botanical extracts such as Phytolacca, Gelsemium, Hydrastis, Thuja, and Ruta as well as on homeopathic remedy potencies made from the same types of source materials suggests other important overlaps. The replicated finding of silica, silicon, and nano-silica release from agitation of liquids in glassware adds a proven nonspecific activator and amplifier of immunological effects. Taken together, the nanoparticulate research data and the Banerji Protocols for homeopathic remedies in cancer suggest a way forward for generating advances in cancer treatment with natural product-derived nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris R Bell
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson (Dr Bell), United States
| | - Barbara Sarter
- Hahn School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of San Diego, California, and Bastyr University - California (Dr Sarter), United States
| | - Mary Koithan
- College of Nursing, The University of Arizona (Drs Koithan), United States
| | | | - Pratip Banerji
- PBH Research Foundation, Kolkata, India (Drs Banerji), India
| | - Shamini Jain
- Samueli Institute, Alexandria, Virginia (Dr Jain), United States
| | - John Ives
- Samueli Institute, Alexandria, Virginia (Dr Ives), United States
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18
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Tsygankov A, Kosourov S. Immobilization of Photosynthetic Microorganisms for Efficient Hydrogen Production. MICROBIAL BIOENERGY: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8554-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Innocenzi P, Malfatti L. Mesoporous thin films: properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4198-216. [PMID: 23396534 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35377j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Plinio Innocenzi
- Laboratorio di Scienza dei Materiali e Nanotecnologie (LMNT), D.A.D.U., CR-INSTM, Università di Sassari, Palazzo Pou Salid, Piazza Duomo 6, 07041 Alghero (SS), Italy.
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20
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Baca HK, Carnes EC, Ashley CE, Lopez DM, Douthit C, Karlin S, Brinker CJ. Cell-directed-assembly: directing the formation of nano/bio interfaces and architectures with living cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2011; 1810:259-67. [PMID: 20933574 PMCID: PMC3090153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The desire to immobilize, encapsulate, or entrap viable cells for use in a variety of applications has been explored for decades. Traditionally, the approach is to immobilize cells to utilize a specific functionality of the cell in the system. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review describes our recent discovery that living cells can organize extended nanostructures and nano-objects to create a highly biocompatible nano//bio interface [1]. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS We find that short chain phospholipids direct the formation of thin film silica mesophases during evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) [2], and that the introduction of cells alter the self-assembly pathway. Cells organize an ordered lipid-membrane that forms a coherent interface with the silica mesophase that is unique in that it withstands drying-yet it maintains accessibility to molecules introduced into the 3D silica host. Cell viability is preserved in the absence of buffer, making these constructs useful as standalone cell-based sensors. In response to hyperosmotic stress, the cells release water, creating a pH gradient which is maintained within the nanostructured host and serves to localize lipids, proteins, plasmids, lipidized nanocrystals, and other components at the cellular surface. This active organization of the bio/nano interface can be accomplished during ink-jet printing or selective wetting-processes allowing patterning of cellular arrays-and even spatially-defined genetic modification. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Recent advances in the understanding of nanotechnology and cell biology encourage the pursuit of more complex endeavors where the dynamic interactions of the cell and host material act symbiotically to obtain new, useful functions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Nanotechnologies - Emerging Applications in Biomedicine.
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21
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Sanchez C, Belleville P, Popall M, Nicole L. Applications of advanced hybrid organic-inorganic nanomaterials: from laboratory to market. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:696-753. [PMID: 21229132 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00136h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 688] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Today cross-cutting approaches, where molecular engineering and clever processing are synergistically coupled, allow the chemist to tailor complex hybrid systems of various shapes with perfect mastery at different size scales, composition, functionality, and morphology. Hybrid materials with organic-inorganic or bio-inorganic character represent not only a new field of basic research but also, via their remarkable new properties and multifunctional nature, hybrids offer prospects for many new applications in extremely diverse fields. The description and discussion of the major applications of hybrid inorganic-organic (or biologic) materials are the major topic of this critical review. Indeed, today the very large set of accessible hybrid materials span a wide spectrum of properties which yield the emergence of innovative industrial applications in various domains such as optics, micro-electronics, transportation, health, energy, housing, and the environment among others (526 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Sanchez
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7574, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot F-75231 cedex 05, Paris, France.
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22
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Dunphy DR, Garcia FL, Jiang Z, Strzalka J, Wang J, Brinker CJ. X-Ray characterization of self-assembled long-chain phosphatidylcholine/bile salt/silica mesostructured films with nanoscale homogeneity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1806-8. [PMID: 21135947 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03919e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Dunphy
- The University of New Mexico/NSF Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Department, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
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23
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Perullini M, Amoura M, Roux C, Coradin T, Livage J, Japas ML, Jobbágy M, Bilmes SA. Improving silica matrices for encapsulation of Escherichiacoli using osmoprotectors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm03948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Perullini M, Amoura M, Jobbágy M, Roux C, Livage J, Coradin T, Bilmes SA. Improving bacteria viability in metal oxide hosts via an alginate-based hybrid approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10684h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Diatom inspired bio-hybrids offer new possibilities for the synthesis of nanostructured materials and the development of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nassif
- Chimie de la matière condensée de Paris
- CNRS
- UPMC
- 75231 Paris Cedex 05
- France
| | - Jacques Livage
- Chimie de la matière condensée de Paris
- CNRS
- UPMC
- 75231 Paris Cedex 05
- France
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26
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How to design cell-based biosensors using the sol-gel process. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 400:965-76. [PMID: 21046077 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic gels formed using the sol-gel process are promising hosts for the encapsulation of living organisms and the design of cell-based biosensors. However, the possibility to use the biological activity of entrapped cells as a biological signal requires a good understanding and careful control of the chemical and physical conditions in which the organisms are placed before, during, and after gel formation, and their impact on cell viability. Moreover, it is important to examine the possible transduction methods that are compatible with sol-gel encapsulated cells. Through an updated presentation of the current knowledge in this field and based on selected examples, this review shows how it has been possible to convert a chemical technology initially developed for the glass industry into a biotechnological tool, with current limitations and promising specificities.
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27
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Wang G, Wang L, Liu P, Yan Y, Xu X, Tang R. Extracellular Silica Nanocoat Confers Thermotolerance on Individual Cells: A Case Study of Material-Based Functionalization of Living Cells. Chembiochem 2010; 11:2368-73. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Harper JC, Khripin CY, Carnes EC, Ashley CE, Lopez DM, Savage T, Jones HDT, Davis RW, Nunez DE, Brinker LM, Kaehr B, Brozik SM, Brinker CJ. Cell-directed integration into three-dimensional lipid-silica nanostructured matrices. ACS NANO 2010; 4:5539-5550. [PMID: 20849120 DOI: 10.1021/nn101793u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report a unique approach in which living cells direct their integration into 3D solid-state nanostructures. Yeast cells deposited on a weakly condensed lipid/silica thin film mesophase actively reconstruct the surface to create a fully 3D bio/nano interface, composed of localized lipid bilayers enveloped by a lipid/silica mesophase, through a self-catalyzed silica condensation process. Remarkably, this integration process selects exclusively for living cells over the corresponding apoptotic cells (those undergoing programmed cell death), via the development of a pH gradient, which catalyzes silica deposition and the formation of a coherent interface between the cell and surrounding silica matrix. Added long-chain lipids or auxiliary nanocomponents are localized within the pH gradient, allowing the development of complex active and accessible bio/nano interfaces not achievable by other synthetic methods. Overall, this approach provides the first demonstration of active cell-directed integration into a nominally solid-state three-dimensional architecture. It promises a new means to integrate "bio" with "nano" into platforms useful to study and manipulate cellular behavior at the individual cell level and to interface living organisms with electronics, photonics, and fluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Harper
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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29
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Meunier CF, Rooke JC, Hajdu K, Van Cutsem P, Cambier P, Léonard A, Su BL. Insight into cellular response of plant cells confined within silica-based matrices. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:6568-75. [PMID: 20146496 DOI: 10.1021/la9039286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The encapsulation of living plant cells into materials could offer the possibility to develop new green biochemical technologies. With the view to designing new functional materials, the physiological activity and cellular response of entrapped cells within different silica-based matrices have been assessed. A fine-tuning of the surface chemistry of the matrix has been achieved by the in situ copolymerization of an aqueous silica precursor and a biocompatible trifunctional silane bearing covalently bound neutral sugars. This method allows a facile control of chemical and physical interactions between the entrapped plant cells and the scaffold. The results show that the cell-matrix interaction has to be carefully controlled in order to avoid the mineralization of the cell wall which typically reduces the bioavailability of nutrients. Under appropriate conditions, the introduction of a trifunctional silane (ca. 10%) during the preparation of hybrid gels has shown to prolong the biological activity as well as the cellular viability of plant cells. The relations of cell behavior with some other key factors such as the porosity and the contraction of the matrix are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe F Meunier
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry (CMI), The University of Namur (FUNDP), 61 Rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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Encapsulation of cells within silica matrixes: Towards a new advance in the conception of living hybrid materials. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 342:211-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Desimone MF, Hélary C, Mosser G, Giraud-Guille MM, Livage J, Coradin T. Fibroblast encapsulation in hybrid silica–collagen hydrogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b921572g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Confinement-induced quorum sensing of individual Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Nat Chem Biol 2009; 6:41-5. [PMID: 19935660 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
It is postulated that in addition to cell density, other factors such as the dimensions and diffusional characteristics of the environment could influence quorum sensing (QS) and induction of genetic reprogramming. Modeling studies predict that QS may operate at the level of a single cell, but, owing to experimental challenges, the potential benefits of QS by individual cells remain virtually unexplored. Here we report a physical system that mimics isolation of a bacterium, such as within an endosome or phagosome during infection, and maintains cell viability under conditions of complete chemical and physical isolation. For Staphylococcus aureus, we show that quorum sensing and genetic reprogramming can occur in a single isolated organism. Quorum sensing allows S. aureus to sense confinement and to activate virulence and metabolic pathways needed for survival. To demonstrate the benefit of confinement-induced quorum sensing to individuals, we showed that quorum-sensing bacteria have significantly greater viability over non-QS bacteria.
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Nieto A, Areva S, Wilson T, Viitala R, Vallet-Regi M. Cell viability in a wet silica gel. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:3478-87. [PMID: 19481618 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A modified two-step sol-gel route using silicon ethoxide (TEOS) has been used to synthesize amorphous sol-gel-derived silica, which has been successfully used as a cell encapsulation matrix for 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and CRL-2595 epithelial cells due to its non-toxicity. The sol-gel procedure comprised a first, low pH hydrolysis step, followed by a neutral condensation-gelation step. A high water-to-TEOS ratio and the addition of d-glucose as a porogen and source of nutrients were chosen to minimize silica dissolution and improve the biocompatibility of the process. Indeed, the cell integrity in the encapsulation process was preserved by alcohol removal from the starting solution. Cells were then added in a buffered medium, causing rapid gelation and entrapment of the cells within a randomly structured siloxane matrix in the shape of a monolith, which was maintained in the wet state. MTT and alamarBlue assays were used to check the cytotoxicity of the silica gels and the viability of entrapped cells at initial times in contact with silica. To improve cell attachment, cell clumping experiments - where groups of cells were formed - were designed, rendering improved viability. The obtained materials are therefore excellent candidates for designing tissue-culture scaffolds and implantable bioreactors for biomedical applications.
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Carnes EC, Harper JC, Ashley CE, Lopez DM, Brinker LM, Liu J, Singh S, Brozik SM, Brinker CJ. Cell-Directed Localization and Orientation of a Functional Foreign Transmembrane Protein within a Silica Nanostructure. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:14255-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja906055m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Carnes
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
| | - Jason C. Harper
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
| | - Carlee E. Ashley
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
| | - DeAnna M. Lopez
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
| | - Lina M. Brinker
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
| | - Susan M. Brozik
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
| | - C. Jeffrey Brinker
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106
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Nel AE, Mädler L, Velegol D, Xia T, Hoek EMV, Somasundaran P, Klaessig F, Castranova V, Thompson M. Understanding biophysicochemical interactions at the nano-bio interface. NATURE MATERIALS 2009; 8:543-57. [PMID: 19525947 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4540] [Impact Index Per Article: 302.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Rapid growth in nanotechnology is increasing the likelihood of engineered nanomaterials coming into contact with humans and the environment. Nanoparticles interacting with proteins, membranes, cells, DNA and organelles establish a series of nanoparticle/biological interfaces that depend on colloidal forces as well as dynamic biophysicochemical interactions. These interactions lead to the formation of protein coronas, particle wrapping, intracellular uptake and biocatalytic processes that could have biocompatible or bioadverse outcomes. For their part, the biomolecules may induce phase transformations, free energy releases, restructuring and dissolution at the nanomaterial surface. Probing these various interfaces allows the development of predictive relationships between structure and activity that are determined by nanomaterial properties such as size, shape, surface chemistry, roughness and surface coatings. This knowledge is important from the perspective of safe use of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre E Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, David Geffen School of Medicine and California NanoSystems Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Wang F, Mao C. Nanotubes connected to a micro-tank: hybrid micro-/nano-silica architectures transcribed from living bacteria as bioreactors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1222-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b818652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Amoura M, Brayner R, Perullini M, Sicard C, Roux C, Livage J, Coradin T. Bacteria encapsulation in a magnetic sol–gel matrix. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b820433k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ariga K, Hill JP, Lee MV, Vinu A, Charvet R, Acharya S. Challenges and breakthroughs in recent research on self-assembly. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2008; 9:014109. [PMID: 27877935 PMCID: PMC5099804 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/9/1/014109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The controlled fabrication of nanometer-scale objects is without doubt one of the central issues in current science and technology. However, existing fabrication techniques suffer from several disadvantages including size-restrictions and a general paucity of applicable materials. Because of this, the development of alternative approaches based on supramolecular self-assembly processes is anticipated as a breakthrough methodology. This review article aims to comprehensively summarize the salient aspects of self-assembly through the introduction of the recent challenges and breakthroughs in three categories: (i) types of self-assembly in bulk media; (ii) types of components for self-assembly in bulk media; and (iii) self-assembly at interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI), Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonathan P Hill
- World Premier International (WPI), Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
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Bershteyn A, Chaparro J, Yau R, Kim M, Reinherz E, Ferreira-Moita L, Irvine DJ. Polymer-supported lipid shells, onions, and flowers. SOFT MATTER 2008; 4:1787-1791. [PMID: 19756178 PMCID: PMC2743563 DOI: 10.1039/b804933e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid-enveloped biodegradable polymer microparticles and nanoparticles synthesized by an emulsion/solvent evaporation process were characterized by confocal and cryoelectron microscopies to show that the lipid envelope exhibits two-dimensional fluidity and can be configured into 'shell', 'onion', or 'flower' nanostructures, depending on the quantity and composition of lipids employed in the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bershteyn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Room 8-425, 77, Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139. ;, Tel: +1 617 452 4174
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